CN111978533A - 一种制备具有良好戊烷相容性高官能度聚醚多元醇的方法 - Google Patents
一种制备具有良好戊烷相容性高官能度聚醚多元醇的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种制备具有良好戊烷相容性高官能度聚醚多元醇的方法,包括如下步骤:酯化反应:将多元醇起始剂、用于酯化的长碳链单羧酸以及酯化催化剂放入到高压反应釜中混合,在反应釜中通入氮气置换,并将反应釜升温至100℃后抽真空脱水;采用高官能度多元醇为起始剂,在催化剂的作用下与长碳链单羧酸进行酯化,然后催化加成环氧丙烷,反应完全后脱除小分子,后处理后得到最终产物;采用上述方案可以获得高质量的高官能度聚醚多元醇,产品与戊烷有良好的溶解性,可以用于预混戊烷体系的组合聚醚多元醇,用于聚氨酯硬泡系统,以解决传统聚醚多元醇相容性较差,无法用于预混戊烷系统的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚醚多元醇制备领域,具体是一种制备具有良好戊烷相容性高官能度聚醚多元醇的方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯硬泡被广泛应用于保温材料中,聚醚多元醇为其主要的原料之一,该处的聚醚多元醇简称聚醚,是主链含有醚键(—R—O—R—),端基或侧基含有大于2个羟基(—OH)的低聚物,由起始剂(含活性氢基团的化合物)与环氧乙烷(EO)、环氧丙烷(PO)、环氧丁烷(BO)等在催化剂存在下经加聚反应制得;
出于环保的压力,戊烷类发泡剂被用于替代141B等发泡剂,但戊烷类发泡剂与传统聚醚多元醇相容性很差,无法用于预混戊烷的系统。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺陷,提供一种制备具有良好戊烷相容性高官能度聚醚多元醇的方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:
一种制备具有良好戊烷相容性高官能度聚醚多元醇的方法,包括如下步骤:
酯化反应:将多元醇起始剂、用于酯化的长碳链单羧酸以及酯化催化剂放入到高压反应釜中混合,在反应釜中通入氮气置换,并将反应釜升温至100℃后抽真空脱水;
聚合反应:在反应釜内通入环氧丙烷,将反应温度控制到100-120℃;
后处理:进行抽真空除水,并在反应釜中加入包括醋酸或磷酸在内的中和溶液,降温处理后得到最终聚醚多元醇产品。
具体的,该处环氧丙烷聚合完成后可以用醋酸中和直接获得产品;
环氧丙烷聚合完成后也可选择用传统的磷酸中和法去除催化剂;
其中,上述脂化反应的温度优选为90-150度,时间优选为0.5-3小时。
优选的,所述多元醇起始剂为蔗糖、山梨醇、季戊四醇、甘油中的一种或几种;
具体使用时可将蔗糖、山梨醇、季戊四醇中的任意一种与甘油进行混合。
优选的,所述蔗糖、山梨醇、季戊四醇中的任意一种与甘油进行混合的质量比为100:5-40。
优选的,所述长碳链单羧酸为为油酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、软脂酸中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述酯化催化剂为氢氧化钾。
优选的,在所述酯化反应与聚合反应步骤之间,对反应釜内通入环氧丙烷之前需等待3小时,将反应温度控制到100-120℃的时长为8小时。
优选的,在所述后处理步骤中,进行抽真空除水,使得水的含量降至至<0.2%。
优选的,所述最终聚醚多元醇产品的羟值为250-450。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供了一种制备具有良好戊烷相容性高官能度聚醚多元醇的方法,具有如下有益效果:
本发明采用高官能度多元醇为起始剂,在催化剂的作用下与长碳链单羧酸进行酯化,然后催化加成环氧丙烷,反应完全后脱除小分子,后处理后得到最终产物;
采用上述方案可以获得高质量的高官能度聚醚多元醇,产品与戊烷有良好的溶解性,可以用于预混戊烷体系的组合聚醚多元醇,用于聚氨酯硬泡系统,以解决传统聚醚多元醇相容性较差,无法用于预混戊烷系统的问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明的整体流程框图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图1,进一步说明本发明一种制备具有良好戊烷相容性高官能度聚醚多元醇的方法的具体实施方式。本发明一种制备具有良好戊烷相容性高官能度聚醚多元醇的方法不限于以下实施例的描述。
实施例1
在3L高压反应釜中加入800g蔗糖、150g甘油、500g油酸、30g 40%KOH水溶液,氮气置换后升温至100℃,抽真空脱水;
3小时后,通入环氧丙烷1800g,反应温度控制为100-120℃;
8小时后抽真空,加入醋酸溶液中和至PH=8-9,抽真空除水至<0.2%,降温出料,得到棕黄色透明产品,羟值测试结果为400mgKOH/g,粘度为9000cps(25℃)。
实施例2
在3L高压反应釜中加入800g蔗糖、150g甘油、500g硬脂酸、30g 40%KOH水溶液,氮气置换后升温至100℃,抽真空脱水;
3小时后,通入环氧丙烷1800g,反应温度控制为100-120℃;
8小时后抽真空,加入磷酸中和至PH=7,c抽真空除水至<0.2%,压滤除去磷酸二氢钾结晶,降温出料,得到棕黄色透明产品,羟值测试结果为400mgKOH/g,粘度为9500cps(25℃)。
实施例3
在3L高压反应釜中加入1000g山梨醇、130g甘油、380g亚油酸、30g40%KOH水溶液,氮气置换后升温至100℃,抽真空脱水;
3小时后,通入环氧丙烷2100g,反应温度控制为100-120℃;
8小时后抽真空,加入磷酸中和至PH=7,c抽真空除水至<0.2%,压滤除去磷酸二氢钾结晶,降温出料,得到棕黄色透明产品,羟值测试结果为450mgKOH/g,粘度为11000cps(25℃)。
实施例4
在3L高压反应釜中加入900g山梨醇、150g甘油、300g硬脂酸、30g 40%KOH水溶液,氮气置换后升温至100℃,抽真空脱水;
3小时后,通入环氧丙烷2300g,反应温度控制为100-120℃;
8小时后抽真空,加入醋酸溶液中和至PH=8-9,抽真空除水至<0.2%,降温出料,得到淡黄色透明产品,羟值测试结果为420mgKOH/g,粘度为8000cps(25℃)。
实施例5
在3L高压反应釜中加入700g蔗糖、150g甘油、300g软脂酸、30g40%KOH水溶液,氮气置换后升温至100℃,抽真空脱水;
3小时后,通入环氧丙烷2700g,反应温度控制为100-120℃;
8小时后抽真空,加入醋酸溶液中和至PH=8-9,抽真空除水至<0.2%,降温出料,得到淡黄色透明产品,羟值测试结果为330mgKOH/g,粘度为6000(25℃)。
实施例6
在3L高压反应釜中加入500g蔗糖、150g甘油、200g油酸、30g 40%KOH水溶液,氮气置换后升温至100℃,抽真空脱水;
3小时后,通入环氧丙烷2400g,反应温度控制为100-120℃;
8小时后抽真空,加入磷酸中和至PH=7,抽真空除水至<0.2%,压滤除去磷酸二氢钾结晶,降温出料,得到棕黄色透明产品,羟值测试结果为270mgKOH/g,粘度为5500(25℃)。
实施例7
配制基于实施例1、2、3、4中聚醚多元醇以及YT4110的组合多元醇,观察比较溶解性;其中YT 4110和H 3618为选取的化工企业
下表显示的是10组具体的实验数据,并测得各实施例下的戊烷溶解性
由上表可知获得的高质量高官能度聚醚多元醇产品与戊烷有良好的溶解性,可以用于预混戊烷体系的组合聚醚多元醇,用于聚氨酯硬泡系统,以解决传统聚醚多元醇相容性较差,无法用于预混戊烷系统的问题。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种制备具有良好戊烷相容性高官能度聚醚多元醇的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
酯化反应:将多元醇起始剂、用于酯化的长碳链单羧酸以及酯化催化剂放入到高压反应釜中混合,在反应釜中通入氮气置换,并将反应釜升温至100℃后抽真空脱水;
聚合反应:在反应釜内通入环氧丙烷,将反应温度控制到100-120℃;
后处理:进行抽真空除水,并在反应釜中加入包括醋酸或磷酸在内的中和溶液,降温处理后得到最终聚醚多元醇产品。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种制备具有良好戊烷相容性高官能度聚醚多元醇的方法,其特征在于:所述多元醇起始剂为蔗糖、山梨醇、季戊四醇、甘油中的一种或几种;
具体使用时可将蔗糖、山梨醇、季戊四醇中的任意一种与甘油进行混合。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种制备具有良好戊烷相容性高官能度聚醚多元醇的方法,其特征在于:所述蔗糖、山梨醇、季戊四醇中的任意一种与甘油进行混合的质量比为100:5-40。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种制备具有良好戊烷相容性高官能度聚醚多元醇的方法,其特征在于:所述长碳链单羧酸为为油酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、软脂酸中的一种或几种。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种制备具有良好戊烷相容性高官能度聚醚多元醇的方法,其特征在于:所述酯化催化剂为氢氧化钾。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种制备具有良好戊烷相容性高官能度聚醚多元醇的方法,其特征在于:在所述酯化反应与聚合反应步骤之间,对反应釜内通入环氧丙烷之前需等待3小时,将反应温度控制到100-120℃的时长为8小时。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种制备具有良好戊烷相容性高官能度聚醚多元醇的方法,其特征在于:在所述后处理步骤中,进行抽真空除水,使得水的含量降至至<0.2%。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种制备具有良好戊烷相容性高官能度聚醚多元醇的方法,其特征在于:所述最终聚醚多元醇产品的羟值为250-450。
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