CN111946266A - Coal and rock dual-purpose hydraulic hammer bit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal and rock dual-purpose hydraulic hammer drill bit, which comprises a spline rod body arranged along the axial direction, a separating mechanism arranged on the spline rod body and used for separating the spline rod body, a drill bit mechanism arranged at the end part of the spline rod body and a cutting mechanism which is arranged in the drill bit mechanism and can reciprocate along the axial direction of the drill bit mechanism; the drill bit mechanism includes the drill bit body that sets up with spline body of rod fixed connection and sets up the water conservancy switching-over subassembly in the drill bit body, and the dual-purpose hammer drill bit that surges of coal petrography of this technical scheme has two kinds of functions of impact and cutting, and when adopting the percussion drilling that surges to meet soft rock or coal seam, the drill bit switches to the mode of operation of rotary cutting and realizes that the soft rock creeps into to avoided moving back to bore and changed the drilling tool, reduced the assistance-time, can effectual improvement drilling efficiency.

Description

Coal and rock dual-purpose hydraulic hammer bit

technical field

The invention relates to the field of drilling tools, in particular to a dual-purpose hydraulic hammer drill bit for coal and rock.

Background technique

At present, the drilling efficiency of hydraulic hammer percussion drilling, especially in hard rock and super-hard rock, is more than twice that of rotary drilling, so it is a common method for hard rock drilling construction. However, when the hydraulic hammer is used to construct hard rock, soft interlayers such as coal seams are often encountered, and the cemented carbide ball-tooth needle inlaid with the ball-tooth drill bit currently used by the hydraulic hammer cannot effectively break the soft rock. Therefore, before drilling into the coal seam, it is necessary to withdraw the drill and replace the PDC bit, which increases a lot of auxiliary operation time, and cannot meet the requirements of one set of drilling tools to achieve drilling, which seriously restricts the construction speed of drilling such as gas extraction and discharge.

Therefore, a new type of hydraulic hammer bit for coal and rock is required to solve the above problems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the coal-rock dual-purpose hydraulic hammer drill bit of the present technical solution addresses the problems of low efficiency in drilling construction in hard rock or super-hard strata with soft interlayers. The invention provides a dual-purpose hydraulic hammer drill bit for coal and rock, which can realize the rapid drilling process of super-hard rock with through-layer holes in which the hard rock impact crushing rock is mainly and the soft rock rotary crushing rock is supplemented. When hydraulic impact drilling encounters soft rock or coal seam, the drill bit switches to the working mode of rotary cutting to realize soft rock drilling, thus avoiding the need to withdraw and replace the drilling tool, reducing the auxiliary time, and effectively improving the drilling construction efficiency.

A dual-purpose hydraulic hammer drill bit for coal and rock, comprising a spline rod body arranged in the axial direction, a separation mechanism arranged on the spline rod body for separating the spline rod body, a drill bit mechanism arranged at the end of the spline rod body, and a A cutting mechanism inside the drill bit mechanism and reciprocating along the axial direction of the drill bit mechanism; the drill bit mechanism includes a drill bit body fixedly connected with the spline rod body and a hydraulic reversing assembly arranged in the drill bit body.

Further, the spline rod body is a hollow structure as a whole, and the spline rod body is provided with a spline positioning step at the end; the drill bit body is fixed and abutted on the spline positioning step.

Further, the hydraulic reversing assembly includes a valve body arranged in the drill bit body and reciprocating along the axial direction of the drill bit body, a valve core arranged in the valve body, an outer spring arranged at the end of the valve body, and a valve body arranged in the valve body. The inner spring between the valve core; the drill bit body is provided with an inner step of the drill bit, one end of the outer spring is sleeved on the end of the valve body, and the other end of the outer spring is installed on the inner step of the drill bit.

Further, a valve body cavity for installing the valve core is formed inside the valve body, and the valve body sequentially includes a large-diameter section, a small-diameter section and a threaded connection section along the axial direction; the large-diameter section forms a valve body cavity in the same radial direction The ring groove and the outer ring groove of the large-diameter section; the inner ring groove of the valve body cavity and the outer ring groove of the large-diameter section are connected with a plurality of large-diameter through holes; holes; radial grooves are arranged on the outer surface of the large-diameter section.

Further, the valve core is provided with a valve core step, one end of the inner spring is pressed against the valve core, and the other end of the inner spring is installed at the end of the valve body cavity; the valve core is provided with a valve core axial through hole, and the valve core A large radial through hole of the valve core for communicating with the large diameter through hole is provided in the radial direction.

Further, the threaded connection section is provided with a guide hole communicating with the valve body cavity, and the valve body cavity is provided with an elastic retaining ring for axially limiting the valve core.

Further, the separation mechanism includes a spline sleeve sleeved on the splined rod body, a sliding sleeve slidably arranged on the splined rod body and used to form a hydraulic cavity with the splined rod body, and a sliding sleeve arranged between the sliding sleeve and the splined rod body. Gray ring; the spline rod body is provided with a hydraulic channel for communicating with the hydraulic chamber, and the sliding sleeve is used to push the spline sleeve to move axially.

Further, the cutting mechanism includes a sliding fin that is arranged on the drill body and can move axially along the drill body and a composite blade that is arranged at the end of the sliding fin; the sliding fin includes a blade mounting portion and a blade mounting portion perpendicular to the blade. There are two supporting feet, and the supporting feet are arranged in parallel to each other, and the end of the supporting feet is provided with an internal thread structure for fixed connection with the threaded connection section.

Further, the drill body is provided with a plurality of spherical teeth, the inner steps of the drill are provided with mounting holes for installing the sliding fins, and the inner steps of the drill are also provided with a plurality of water flow holes.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The dual-purpose hydraulic hammer bit for coal and rock of this technical solution has two functions of impact and cutting. The impact mode is enabled when drilling hard rock, the impact teeth contact the rock to break the rock, and the cutting mode is enabled when drilling soft rock or coal seam. It can better realize the rapid drilling technology of super-hard rock with through-layer holes, which is mainly composed of percussive rock crushing of hard rock and supplemented by rotary crushing rock of soft rock. When hydraulic impact drilling encounters soft rock or coal seam, the drill bit switches to the working mode of rotary cutting to realize soft rock drilling, thus avoiding the need to withdraw and replace the drilling tool, reducing the auxiliary time, and effectively improving the drilling construction efficiency.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is further described:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-purpose hydraulic hammer drill bit for coal and rock according to the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the valve body structure of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the half-section structure of the drill bit body of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sliding vane of the present invention.

Reference number:

Spline rod body 1; spline sleeve 2; sliding sleeve 3; valve core 4; valve body 5; inner spring 6; outer spring 7; drill bit body 8; sliding wing 9; composite blade 10; ball teeth 11; 12; Gray ring 13; hydraulic chamber 301; spline positioning step 101; spool axial through hole 401; large diameter through hole 501; large diameter section outer ring groove 502; radial groove 503; small diameter section through hole 504; The guide hole 505; the inner step of the drill bit 801; the vane limit slide 802; the blade mounting part 901;

Detailed ways

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dual-purpose hydraulic hammer bit for coal and rock according to the present invention; Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the valve body structure of the present invention; Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the half-section structure of the drill bit body of the present invention; As shown in the figure, a dual-purpose hydraulic hammer drill bit for coal and rock includes a spline rod body 1 arranged in the axial direction, a separation mechanism arranged on the spline rod body 1 for separating the spline rod body, and a spline rod body end arranged on the spline rod body. A drill bit mechanism and a cutting mechanism arranged in the drill bit mechanism and reciprocating along the axial direction of the drill bit mechanism; the drill bit mechanism includes a drill bit body 8 fixedly connected with the spline rod body 1 and a hydraulic power supply arranged in the drill bit body 8 Reversing components. The dual-purpose hydraulic hammer bit for coal and rock described in this patent has two functions: impact and cutting. Impact mode is enabled during hard rock drilling, impact teeth are in contact with rock to break rock, and cutting mode is enabled during soft rock or coal seam drilling. It can better realize the rapid drilling technology of super-hard rock with through-layer holes, which is mainly composed of percussive rock crushing of hard rock and supplemented by rotary crushing rock of soft rock. When hydraulic impact drilling encounters soft rock or coal seam, the drill bit switches to the working mode of rotary cutting to realize soft rock drilling, thus avoiding the need to withdraw and replace the drilling tool, reducing the auxiliary time, and effectively improving the drilling construction efficiency.

In this embodiment, the spline rod body 1 is a hollow structure as a whole, and a spline positioning step 101 is provided at the end of the spline rod body 1 ; the drill bit body 8 is fixed against the spline positioning step 101 . The outer surface of the spline rod body 1 is provided with a spline body, which is used in conjunction with the spline sleeve 2. The hydraulic hammer cooperates with the spline rod body 1 and the spline sleeve 2 to achieve power output to the drill rod. The spline rod body 1 is hollow. The structure facilitates the passage of water. The end of the spline rod body 1 is provided with a spline positioning step 101. The inner wall of the positioning step is machined with a threaded structure. The end of the drill bit body 8 is also provided with an external thread structure. The drill bit body 8 and the spline rod body 1 are fixed together Connection settings.

In this embodiment, the hydraulic reversing assembly includes a valve body 5 disposed in the drill bit body 8 and reciprocating along the axial direction of the drill bit body 8 (ie, the horizontal direction in FIG. 1 ), and a valve body 5 disposed in the valve body 5 . The valve core 4, the outer spring 7 arranged at the end of the valve body 5, and the inner spring 6 arranged between the valve body 5 and the valve core 4; One end is sleeved on the end of the valve body 5 and the other end of the outer spring 7 is installed on the inner step 801 of the drill bit. A valve body cavity structure is formed inside the drill bit body 8, which is used to install the valve body components. The valve body 5 and the valve core 4 can reciprocate along the axis direction inside the valve body cavity of the drill bit body 8. Convex"-shaped structure, the inner spring 6 and the outer spring 7 are both sheathed at the ends of the two components, and the size of the internal water pressure determines the movement and position of the valve body 5 and the valve core 4.

In this embodiment, a valve body cavity for installing a valve core is formed inside the valve body 5, and the valve body 5 sequentially includes a large-diameter section, a small-diameter section and a threaded connection section along the axial direction; the large-diameter sections are in the same radial direction. The inner ring groove of the valve body cavity and the outer ring groove 502 of the large diameter section are formed in the direction of the valve body cavity; the inner ring groove of the valve body cavity and the outer ring groove 502 of the large diameter section are connected with a plurality of large diameter through holes 501; A small diameter section through hole 504 in the cavity of the valve body is communicated; a radial groove 503 is provided on the outer surface of the large diameter section. The valve body 5 forms three sections with different diameters in turn along the axis direction. The large diameter section is provided with an inner ring groove and a large diameter section outer ring groove 502. The large diameter through hole 501 communicates with the inside and outside of the valve body 5, and the inner ring groove is machined. The outer ring groove 502 of the large diameter section is not only convenient for installation and positioning, but also facilitates the processing and setting of the large diameter through hole 501. The setting of the radial groove 503 plays the role of drainage, which is convenient for the water flow in the large diameter through hole 501 to flow out and then drain to The small diameter section is also provided with a small diameter section through hole 504 that communicates with the inside and outside of the valve seat 5 , and the outer surface of the threaded connection section is provided with threads to facilitate installation with the sliding fins 9 .

In this embodiment, the valve core 4 is provided with a valve core step, one end of the inner spring 6 is against the valve core, and the other end of the inner spring is installed at the end of the valve body cavity; the valve core is provided with a valve core axial direction The through hole 401 is provided with a large radial through hole of the valve core for communicating with the large diameter through hole in the radial direction of the valve core. The radial direction of the valve core is also provided with a small radial through hole of the valve core for communicating with the through hole 504 of the small diameter section. Through the setting of the inner spring 6, the internal water pressure drives the valve core 4 to move axially, and then the valve core 4 can be connected to the valve body. The inner diameter of the axial through hole 401 of the valve core is small, and the axial through hole 401 of the valve core ensures the flow of water in the axial direction of the rod body.

In this embodiment, the threaded connection section is provided with a guide hole 505 that communicates with the valve body cavity, and the valve body cavity is provided with an elastic retaining ring 12 for axially limiting the valve core. The arrangement of the elastic retaining ring 12 is convenient to realize the axial limit of the valve core 4 .

In this embodiment, the separation mechanism includes a spline sleeve 2 that is sleeved on the spline rod body 1 , a sliding sleeve 3 that is slidably arranged on the spline rod body 1 and used to form a hydraulic cavity 301 with the spline rod body 1 , and a sliding sleeve 3 that is disposed on the spline rod body 1 Gray ring 13 between the sliding sleeve 3 and the splined rod body 1 ; the splined rod body 1 is provided with a hydraulic channel for communicating with the hydraulic chamber 301 , and the sliding sleeve 3 is used to push the splined sleeve 2 to move axially. The right end of the sliding sleeve 3 is set at the step of the spline rod body 1. When the water pressure inside the splined rod body 1 reaches a certain value, the water pressure of the hydraulic chamber 301 increases, and then drives the sliding sleeve 3 to move to the left, and the sliding sleeve 3 drives the flower The key cover 2 moves to the left, and then the end of the spline rod body 1 is separated from the piston of the impactor, so that the impactor is in an idle state.

In this embodiment, the cutting mechanism includes a sliding fin 9 arranged on the drill bit body 8 and can move axially along the drill bit body 8 and a composite blade 10 arranged at the end of the sliding fin 9; the sliding fin 9 Including a blade mounting portion 901 and a support foot 902 perpendicular to the blade mounting portion 901, the support feet 902 are two and the support feet 902 are arranged in parallel to each other, and the end of the support feet 902 is provided with an internal thread for fixed connection with the threaded connection section structure. The end of the drill bit body 8 is provided with a wing limit slide 802, and the sliding wing 9 has a T-shaped structure as a whole. The drill bit body 8 slides inside, and the end of the leg 902 is in an arc structure. The inner surface is provided with a threaded structure and a leg positioning step, which facilitates the installation of the leg 902 and the threaded connection section of the valve body 5 .

In this embodiment, the drill body 8 is provided with a plurality of spherical teeth, the inner step of the drill bit (that is, the inner step of the drill bit 801 to the end face of the drill bit) is provided with a mounting hole for installing sliding fins, and the inner step of the drill bit 801 There are also a plurality of water flow holes. The water flow hole is used to guide the internal water flow, and the water flow finally flows to the end of the drill bit, which is used for cooling and slag removal when the end of the drill bit is cut or impacted.

The drilling process used in the present invention is carried out according to the following steps:

Connect the impactor to the end of the spline rod body 1 through threads, screw in the coal-rock dual-purpose hydraulic hammer bit, start the drilling rig and pass water, adjust the flow control valve to keep the water in the impactor at a low pressure, at this time, the impactor In the impact mode, the ball tooth 11 contacts the hard rock and drills in the way of impact rock breaking; when the water pressure in the drill bit is in a low pressure state, the water pressure at the end of the valve core 4 is less than the spring force of the inner spring 6, that is, the water flow is mainly driven by the valve core. The large radial through hole of the valve core 4, the large diameter through hole 501 and the radial groove 503 at the outer ring groove 502 of the large diameter section of the valve seat 5, the drill bit body 8 cavity and the channel formed by the water flow hole on the drill bit body flow out of the drill bit. When the valve seat 5 is under the action of the spring pressure of the spring 7, the valve seat 5 is pressed against the spline positioning step 101 of the spline rod body 1, the cutting head is in the state of retracting into the groove of the drill bit body, and the ball teeth 11 are connected to the bottom of the hole. When the rock mass is in contact, at this time, the drill bit is in the impact mode, and the impact rock drilling is performed.

During the drilling process, it is found that the feeding pressure is small, but the impact process is slow, adjust the flow control valve, and under the action of the hydraulic isolation mechanism, the end of the spline rod body 1 is separated from the impactor piston, so that the impactor is in a state of empty hammering , at this time, the sliding vane 9 is pushed out of the drill bit body 8 under the action of the hydraulic reversing valve mechanism, that is, the drill bit enters the cutting mode, and drills by cutting and breaking coal and rock; the water pressure in the drill bit is in a high pressure state, and the water pressure overcomes the The spring force of the inner spring 6, the valve core 4 slides to the inner shoulder surface of the valve seat 5, the large radial through hole of the valve core 4 and the large diameter through hole 501 of the valve seat 5 are misaligned, and the low-pressure water flow channel is cut off , the valve seat 5 compresses the outer spring 7 under the action of high pressure water until it fits the inner step 801 of the drill bit body 8. At this time, the sliding fin 9 fixed with the valve seat 5 is pushed out of the drill bit body 8, and the drill bit is in cutting At the same time, the water flows through the valve core axial through hole 401 of the valve core 4, the small diameter section through hole 504, the guide hole 505 of the valve seat 5, and finally flows out of the drill bit from the water flow hole on the drill bit body. Switch between the two modes and drill until the hole is completed.

The invention has the following features:

1. The drill bit is used in conjunction with a hydraulic hammer and has two functions of impact and cutting. The impact mode is enabled when drilling hard rock, and the impact teeth contact the rock to break the rock. When drilling soft rock or coal seam, the cutting mode is enabled, and the cutting teeth are used. Contact the rock to cut the rock.

2. The switching between impact mode and cutting mode is realized by the built-in hydraulic switching mechanism of the drill. In the impact mode, the impactor works normally and transmits the impact energy to the bit body 8. At this time, the impact teeth of the bit body 8 contact the rock to impact the rock; when drilling into soft rock or coal seam, lift the bit away from the bottom of the hole and adjust the The large drilling flow makes the hydraulic switching mechanism act. At this time, the internal cavity of the drill bit will be switched to a high pressure state, pushing the composite blade 10 to be exposed on the surface of the drill bit to mainly cut rocks.

3. When the cutting mode is started, the hydraulic hammer is in the empty state.

4. In the impact mode, the inner cavity of the drill bit is in a low pressure state, and the hydraulic hammer enters the impact working state.

5. The water in the bit body finally flows to the end of the bit, which is used for cooling and slag removal when the end of the bit is cut or impacted.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be Modifications or equivalent replacements without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a dual-purpose hammer drill that surges of coal petrography which characterized in that: the drill bit mechanism is arranged at the end part of the spline rod body, and the cutting mechanism is arranged in the drill bit mechanism and can reciprocate along the axial direction of the drill bit mechanism; the drill bit mechanism comprises a drill bit body fixedly connected with the spline rod body and a hydraulic reversing assembly arranged in the drill bit body.

2. The dual-purpose hydraulic hammer drill for coal and rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the integral spline rod body is of a hollow structure, and a spline positioning step is arranged at the end part of the spline rod body; the drill bit body is fixedly propped against and arranged on the spline positioning step.

3. The dual-purpose hydraulic hammer drill for coal petrography according to claim 2, characterized in that: the hydraulic reversing assembly comprises a valve body, a valve core, an outer spring and an inner spring, wherein the valve body is arranged in the drill bit body and can reciprocate along the axial direction of the drill bit body; and a drill bit inner step is arranged in the drill bit body, one end of the outer spring is sleeved outside the end part of the valve body, and the other end of the outer spring is arranged on the drill bit inner step.

4. The dual-purpose hydraulic hammer bit for coal and rock according to claim 3, characterized in that: a valve body cavity for installing the valve core is formed in the valve body, and the valve body sequentially comprises a large-diameter section, a small-diameter section and a threaded connection section along the axial direction; the large-diameter section forms an inner ring groove of the valve body cavity and an outer ring groove of the large-diameter section in the same radial direction; a plurality of large-diameter through holes are communicated with the valve body cavity inner ring groove and the large-diameter section outer ring groove; the small-diameter section is provided with a small-diameter section through hole communicated with the cavity of the valve body; and a radial groove is formed in the outer surface of the large-diameter section.

5. The dual-purpose hydraulic hammer bit for coal and rock according to claim 4, characterized in that: the valve core is provided with a valve core step, one end of the inner spring is abutted against the valve core, and the other end of the inner spring is arranged at the end part of the valve body cavity; the valve core is internally provided with a valve core axial through hole, and a valve core large radial through hole used for communicating the large radial through hole is arranged in the radial direction of the valve core.

6. The dual-purpose hydraulic hammer drill for coal and rock according to claim 5, characterized in that: the threaded connection section is provided with a flow guide hole communicated with the valve body cavity, and an elastic check ring for axially limiting the valve core is arranged in the valve body cavity.

7. The dual-purpose hydraulic hammer bit for coal and rock according to claim 6, characterized in that: the separating mechanism comprises a spline sleeve sleeved on the spline rod body, a sliding sleeve which is arranged on the spline rod body in a sliding mode and used for forming a hydraulic cavity with the spline rod body, and a GREEN ring arranged between the sliding sleeve and the spline rod body; the spline rod body is provided with a hydraulic channel used for communicating the hydraulic cavity, and the sliding sleeve is used for pushing the spline sleeve to move axially.

8. The dual-purpose hydraulic hammer drill for coal and rock according to claim 7, characterized in that: the cutting mechanism comprises a sliding wing piece which is arranged on the bit body and can move along the axial direction of the bit body and a composite blade which is arranged at the end part of the sliding wing piece; the sliding wing piece comprises two supporting legs which are parallel to each other and are connected with each other, and the end parts of the supporting legs are provided with internal thread structures which are fixedly connected with the thread connecting sections.

9. The dual-purpose hydraulic hammer drill for coal petrography according to claim 8, characterized in that: the drill bit body is provided with a plurality of spherical teeth, the inner step of the drill bit is provided with a mounting hole for mounting the sliding wing piece, and the inner step of the drill bit is also provided with a plurality of water flow holes.

Images