CN111929119A - Combustion particulate matter collection and flue gas composition testing device in low pressure environment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a device for collecting combustion particulate matter and testing flue gas components in a low-pressure environment, comprising a venturi pipe, a first channel, a second channel and a third channel. One end of the venturi pipe is a first air inlet; the first channel One end is communicated with the other end of the venturi pipe, the other end of the first channel is a first air outlet, and the first channel is connected to an external heat release rate tester at the first air outlet; One end of the second channel is provided with a gas thruster, the other end of the second channel is a second gas outlet, the second channel is connected to a gas chromatograph at the second gas outlet, and the second channel is connected to the gas cylinder and the pressure relief port; One end of the three passages is communicated with the venturi pipe, the other end of the third passage is a second air inlet, and a multi-layer detachable filter screen is arranged in the third passage. The invention solves the problems of collection, calorific value testing and gas composition analysis of soot particles produced by combustion in a low-pressure environment.

Description

Combustion particulate matter collection and flue gas composition testing device in low pressure environment

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of aviation material combustion particulate matter collection and flue gas composition testing, in particular to a combustion particulate matter collection and flue gas composition testing device in a low-pressure environment.

Background technique

In recent years, the demand for civil aviation has increased, the aviation industry has flourished, and new materials have been used in aircraft manufacturing. These new materials often have more excellent characteristics, lighter weight, longer durability, and more reasonable prices, but At the same time, its security is also more important. Considering that the cruising altitude of civil aviation passenger aircraft is generally between 8400km and 12500km above sea level, the atmospheric pressure decreases by 100Pa for every 9m increase in altitude, and the passenger aircraft is in a low-pressure environment for a long time during the flight. The toxicity of the flue gas generated after combustion has also become a consideration factor for its wide application. Under different environmental pressures, the combustion products of materials are different, and their toxicity is also different. If the harmfulness of the flue gas after the combustion of the new material has a greater impact on the human body, the scope of its use will be reserved during the manufacturing process, and it may even be refused to use. . Therefore, it is particularly important for the collection of flue gas and toxicity analysis of aviation materials after combustion. General flue gas collection systems operate in the normal pressure range, and there is no obvious distinction between particulate matter and gas in flue gas. Taking into account the actual situation in the civil aviation field, it is particularly important to design a flue gas collection and analysis system for the combustion of aviation materials in a low-pressure environment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention aims to solve the problems of the collection of the smoke particles of the combustion material and the on-line collection and analysis of the flue gas under the condition of low pressure. In the operating environment of the aircraft, both inside and outside the cabin are actually in a low pressure state. A fire inside or outside the cabin poses a great threat to the life safety of the crew and passengers. Therefore, it is necessary to study the combustion characteristics of material combustion under low pressure. Provide guarantee for the design, preparation and selection of aviation materials, as well as the improvement of aviation emergency response capabilities.

Existing experimental methods and analysis techniques mainly rely on flue gas analyzers to test flue gas components under low pressure conditions. However, the gas components and accuracy measured by this test method are relatively limited, the real-time detection effect is poor, and it is difficult to Direct application to low pressure environments for sample collection and analysis. However, chromatography with on-line high-precision testing is still difficult to directly use for the testing of flue gas components under low pressure. In addition, there is currently no effective collection method for the particulate matter produced by combustion under low pressure, and the solution proposed in the present invention based on the Venturi principle can collect samples online without affecting the gas emission and calorific value test of the combustion product. Particulate matter from combustion. Moreover, the present invention can also analyze and test the collected particles by simply disassembling and sampling. In terms of gas testing, the present invention pressurizes the collected gas through a physical thruster, thereby meeting the requirements of chromatographic testing and realizing online high-precision real-time gas collection and analysis.

The invention provides a device for collecting combustion particulate matter and testing flue gas components in a low-pressure environment, so as to solve the problems of collecting, calorific value testing and gas component analysis of soot particles generated by combustion in a low-pressure environment.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the device for collecting combustion particulate matter and flue gas composition testing provided by the present invention in a low-pressure environment includes:

Venturi pipe, one end of which is the first air inlet;

a first channel, one end of which is communicated with the other end of the venturi pipe, the other end of the first channel is a first air outlet, and the first channel is connected to a heat release rate tester at the first air outlet;

The second channel is in communication with the first channel between its two ends, one end of the second channel is provided with a gas propeller, the other end of the second channel is a second gas outlet, and the second channel is located at the end of the second channel. The second gas outlet is connected to a gas chromatograph, and the second channel is connected to the gas cylinder and the pressure relief port;

One end of the third channel is communicated with the venturi pipe, the other end of the third channel is a second air inlet, and a multi-layer detachable filter screen is arranged in the third channel.

Further, the first channel is provided with a multi-layer filter screen between the venturi conduit and the second channel.

Further, the first channel is communicated with the second channel through a pipeline, and a fourth valve is provided on the pipeline.

Further, the first passage is provided with a seventh valve at the first air outlet.

Further, the second passage is provided with an eighth valve at the second air outlet.

Further, a fifth valve is arranged between the second passage and the gas cylinder; and a sixth valve is arranged at the pressure relief port of the second passage.

Further, the venturi pipeline is provided with a first valve at the first air inlet.

Further, the third passage is provided with a third valve at the second air inlet; the third passage is provided with a second valve between the multi-layer detachable filter screen and the venturi pipe.

Further, the multi-layer removable filter screen is a three-layer removable filter screen.

Further, the mesh diameter of the multi-layer detachable filter screen is 0.500-4.000 mm.

Compared with the related art, a device for collecting combustion particulate matter and testing flue gas components in a low-pressure environment provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The invention uses gas cylinders, pressure relief ports to wash the gas, and vacuumizes the flue gas, uses the Venturi pipe and the multi-layer filter screen to inhale and collect the flue gas, uses the gas thruster to push the gas to the gas chromatograph, and can test the low pressure The combustion heat release rate in the environment, and the use of chromatography to analyze the gas composition more accurately, and to collect cleaner sample gas and soot particles, solve the problem that the current flue gas testing device cannot test the flue gas and sample gas in a low-pressure environment. The problem of insufficient collection purity of smoke and dust particles, and the heat release rate test, component collection and analysis, and collection of smoke and dust particles can be performed simultaneously or separately on the gas generated by combustion as required. Use filters with different apertures according to your needs. The flue gas collection and testing device is simple in structure and low in cost. In actual operation, the flue gas can be collected and analyzed more conveniently, and it is suitable for measurement in scientific research departments, universities and enterprises related to combustion characteristic analysis.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for collecting combustion particulate matter and flue gas composition testing in a low-pressure environment provided by the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a removable filter screen of a device for collecting combustion particulate matter and testing flue gas components in a low-pressure environment provided by the present invention.

1 - Venturi pipe; 2 - first channel; 3 - second channel; 4 - third channel; 5 - first air inlet; 6 - first air outlet; 7 - second air inlet ;8-Second air outlet;9-Multilayer detachable filter; 10-Multilayer filter;11-Gas propeller; 12-Gas cylinder; 13-Pressure relief port; 14-First valve; 15-No. Two valves; 16-third valve; 17-fourth valve; 18-fifth valve; 19-sixth valve; 20-seventh valve; 21-eighth valve.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments These are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figures 1-2, the present invention provides a device for collecting combustion particulate matter and testing flue gas components in a low-pressure environment, including a venturi duct 1, a first channel 2, a second channel 3, a third channel 4, a first Air inlet 5, first air outlet 6, second air inlet 7, second air outlet 8, multi-layer removable filter 9, multi-layer filter 10, gas propeller 11, gas cylinder 12, pressure relief port 13. The first valve 14, the second valve 15, the third valve 16, the fourth valve 17, the fifth valve 18, the sixth valve 19, the seventh valve 20 and the eighth valve 21; one end of the venturi pipe 1 is the first valve Air inlet 5; one end of the first passage 2 is communicated with the other end of the Venturi duct 1, the other end of the first passage 2 is the first air outlet 6, and the first air outlet 6 is connected to a heat release rate tester; the second passage 3 The two ends are communicated with the first channel 2, one end of the second channel 3 is provided with a gas propeller 11, the other end of the second channel 3 is the second gas outlet 8, and the second channel 3 is connected to the second gas outlet 8 with a gas phase Chromatograph, the second channel 3 is connected to the gas cylinder 12 and the pressure relief port 13; one end of the third channel 4 is communicated with the Venturi pipe 1, the other end of the third channel 4 is the second air inlet 7, and the third channel 4 is provided with Multi-layer removable filter 9.

The first channel 2 is provided with a multi-layer filter screen 10 between the Venturi pipeline 1 and the second channel 3; the first channel 2 and the second channel 3 are connected through a pipeline, and a fourth valve 17 is arranged on the pipeline; The channel 2 is provided with a seventh valve 20 at the first gas outlet 6; the second channel 3 is provided with an eighth valve 21 at the second gas outlet 8; a fifth valve 18 is provided between the second channel 3 and the gas cylinder 12 The second passage 3 is provided with the sixth valve 19 at the pressure relief port 13; the Venturi pipeline 1 is provided with the first valve 14 at the first air inlet 5; the third passage 4 is provided at the second air inlet 7 There is a third valve 16; the third channel 4 is provided with a second valve 15 between the multi-layer removable filter screen 9 and the venturi 1; the multi-layer removable filter screen 9 is a three-layer removable filter screen.

During operation, the flue gas collection and testing device is used for heat release rate test, soot particle collection, and gas chromatography analysis. The first valve 14, the third valve 16, the seventh valve 20 and the eighth valve 21 are closed, and the second valve 15 is closed. , the fourth valve 17 is opened, connecting the venturi pipeline 1, the first channel 2, the second channel 3 and the third channel 4, slowly opening the fifth valve 18, the gas in the gas cylinder 12 enters the venturi pipeline 1, the first channel 2 , the second channel 3 and the third channel 4, after the gas input amount reaches the cleaning requirements, close the fifth valve 18, open the sixth valve 19, and release the pressure through the pressure relief port 13, and the venturi pipeline 1, the first channel 2. The second channel 3 and the third channel 4 are cleaned. After cleaning, the sixth valve 19 is closed. At this time, the Venturi pipeline 1, the first channel 2, the second channel 3 and the third channel 4 are in a vacuum and low-pressure cleaning state. , open the first valve 14 and the third valve 16, a large amount of outside air enters through the first air inlet 5, a small amount of outside air enters through the second air inlet 7, and the air in the third channel 4 passes through the multi-layer detachable filter screen 9 After filtering, it enters the Venturi pipeline 1, and enters the first channel 2 through the Venturi pipeline 1 together with the gas entering through the first air inlet 5. After the gas is filtered through the multi-layer filter screen 10, a large amount of gas is discharged from the first air outlet 6. Enter the heat release rate tester, suck out the first channel 2 through the heat release rate tester, and a small amount of gas enters the thinner second channel 3. At this time, the front end of the gas thruster 11 is pushed from the right position of the fourth valve 17 to the first channel. At the left position of the fourth valve 17, the gas is sucked into the second channel 3, the fourth valve 17 is closed, the gas propeller 11 is pushed, and the eighth valve 21 is opened, so that the gas enters the gas chromatograph through the second gas outlet 8.

When the flue gas collection and testing device is not used in this embodiment, the first valve 14 , the third valve 16 , the seventh valve 20 and the eighth valve 21 can be closed, and are not connected to the outside world to prevent the entry of outside gas and smoke.

In this embodiment, the first valve 14 , the second valve 15 , the third valve 16 , the fourth valve 17 , the fifth valve 18 , the sixth valve 19 , the seventh valve 20 , the eighth valve 21 is switched on and off, which can be used for gas heat release rate test, soot particle collection, gas composition analysis or any combination of two functions; the first valve 14, the second valve 15, the third valve 16, the fourth valve 17, the fifth valve Valve 18, sixth valve 19, seventh valve 20, eighth valve 21, valve model, type, and manual or automatic valve can be selected and installed according to the actual situation.

In this embodiment, the multi-layer detachable filter screen 9 can use a filter screen with a mesh size of 0.500-4.000mm according to requirements. After disassembly, the composition and properties of the smoke particles can be analyzed.

In this embodiment, the gas thruster 11 is seamlessly fitted with the second channel 3 and has good air tightness. Due to the support of the gas thruster 11, when the thick cylindrical part of the gas thruster 11 completely enters the second channel 3, The gas thruster 11 will not bear extra frictional force of the pipe wall. During use, the front end of the thin cylindrical support of the gas thruster 11 should not exceed the leftmost end of the fourth valve 17, that is, it should not communicate with the external environment.

In this embodiment, argon is used as the gas in the gas cylinder 12, but it is not limited to argon.

The above descriptions are only embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the contents of the description and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technologies Fields are similarly included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. Combustion particulate matter collects and smoke constituent testing arrangement under low pressure environment, its characterized in that includes:

a Venturi tube, one end of which is a first air inlet;

one end of the first channel is communicated with the other end of the Venturi tube, the other end of the first channel is a first air outlet, and the first channel is externally connected with a heat release rate tester at the first air outlet;

the two ends of the second channel are communicated with the first channel, one end of the second channel is provided with a gas propeller, the other end of the second channel is provided with a second gas outlet, the second gas outlet of the second channel is externally connected with a gas chromatograph, and the second channel is connected with a gas cylinder and a pressure relief port;

and one end of the third channel is communicated with the Venturi pipeline, the other end of the third channel is a second air inlet, and a plurality of layers of detachable filter screens are arranged in the third channel.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first passage has a plurality of layers of screens disposed between the venturi and the second passage.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first channel is connected to the second channel via a pipe, and a fourth valve is disposed on the pipe.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first channel is provided with a seventh valve at the first gas outlet.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second channel is provided with an eighth valve at the second gas outlet.

6. The device for collecting combustion particles and testing smoke components in a low-pressure environment according to claim 5, wherein a fifth valve is arranged between the second channel and the gas cylinder; and a sixth valve is arranged at the pressure relief port of the second channel.

7. The apparatus for collecting combustion particulates and testing smoke constituents in a low pressure environment of claim 1, wherein said venturi tube is provided with a first valve at said first inlet.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the third channel is provided with a third valve at the second inlet; and a second valve is arranged between the multilayer detachable filter screen and the Venturi pipeline in the third channel.

9. The device for collecting combustion particles and testing smoke constituents in a low pressure environment of claim 1, wherein said plurality of layers of removable filter screens are three layers of removable filter screens.

10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the multi-layer detachable filter screen has a mesh diameter of 0.500-4.000 mm.

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