CN111897138B - A front-projection 2D/3D fusion display device for improving image uniformity - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高图像均匀性的前投式2D/3D融合显示装置，该装置由投影机、起偏器、偏振依赖液晶透镜阵列、高精度相位延迟模组和保偏屏组成。投影机投影2D/3D融合片源，起偏器用于将所述投影机发出的光线调制为线偏振光，偏振依赖液晶透镜阵列根据偏振光的偏振方向实现透过或聚焦的功能，高精度相位延迟模组由n层棋盘格相位延迟片错位叠加组成，实现全屏2D显示、全屏3D显示和2D/3D融合显示。
The invention discloses a front-projection 2D/3D fusion display device for improving image uniformity, which consists of a projector, a polarizer, a polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array, a high-precision phase delay module and a polarization-maintaining screen. The projector projects 2D/3D fusion film source, the polarizer is used to modulate the light emitted by the projector into linearly polarized light, the polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array realizes the function of transmitting or focusing according to the polarization direction of the polarized light, and the high-precision phase The delay module is composed of n-layer checkerboard phase retarder dislocation superposition, which realizes full-screen 2D display, full-screen 3D display and 2D/3D fusion display.
Description
One, the technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional display, and particularly relates to a front projection type 2D/3D fusion display device for improving image uniformity.
Second, background Art
Conventional 2D displays reconstruct the 3D world through flat display screens, losing very important depth information. The 3D stereoscopic display has become the leading edge of research due to its advantages of good display effect, complete depth information, and conformity to human eye viewing, and gradually advances people's daily life. The method is widely applied to various aspects of medical treatment, movie and television, teaching, military and the like, and also has wide application market and great mining value in emerging fields of computer vision, deep learning, machine learning and the like. The 3D image contains complicated angle information, but for a display screen with a fixed amount of information, an increase in the angle information inevitably causes a decrease in the spatial resolution of the 3D image. The 2D/3D fusion carries out 3D reproduction on a 3D foreground with depth information in an image, and carries out high-resolution 2D reproduction on a 2D scene without the depth information, so that the information bandwidth of a display screen is effectively utilized. 2D/3D fusion display increases depth information of 3D images on one hand, and maintains resolution of 2D images on the other hand, and is receiving wide attention.
The 2D image and the 3D image are displayed in different manners, and thus the core of the 2D/3D display is how to display the 2D image and the 3D image in different manners. The zoom lens array has the functions of transmission and focusing, is generally used as a main device of 2D/3D fusion display, and realizes 2D display in a transmission state by controlling the zoom lens array; in the focusing state, the directional modulation of the 3D information is realized, and a 3D image is reconstructed. The 2D/3D fusion display can be realized by adopting a time division or space division multiplexing mode. The time division multiplexing is to rapidly switch the 2D image and the 3D image through the time sequence of the display screen, simultaneously control the transmission or focusing state of the zoom lens array to keep synchronous with the display film source, and achieve the 2D/3D fusion display effect by using the persistence of vision effect of human eyes. The time division multiplexing mode has high requirements on the refresh rate of the display screen, and the state switching of the zoom lens array needs to be highly synchronous with the display film source. The space division multiplexing mode fuses the 2D information and the 3D information on a display film source through space overlapping, the transmission or focusing state of the zoom lens array is locally controlled, the zoom lens unit corresponding to the 2D information is in a transmission state, and a 2D image is displayed; and the zoom lens unit corresponding to the 3D information is in a focusing state, and the 3D information is subjected to directional modulation to reconstruct a 3D scene. This method achieves 2D/3D fused display by sacrificing spatial resolution without the problems of timing refresh and synchronization, but the uniformity of the image is limited by the smallest controllable unit of the zoom lens array.
Third, the invention
The invention provides a front projection type 2D/3D fusion display device for improving image uniformity, which comprises a projector, a polarizer, a polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array, a high-precision phase delay module and a polarization-maintaining screen, as shown in figure 1.
The projector projects a 2D/3D fusion film source, the 2D/3D fusion film source is formed by 2D image units and 3D image units which are arranged in a checkerboard-shaped staggered mode, as shown in figure 2, horizontal pitches and vertical pitches of the 2D image units and the 3D image units are respectively equal to horizontal pitches and vertical pitches of phase delay units in the high-precision phase delay module.
The polarizer is used for modulating the light emitted by the projector into linearly polarized light, the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is alpha, and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light which is orthogonal to the polarization direction alpha is beta.
The polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array directly transmits linearly polarized light with the polarization direction alpha without changing the propagation direction of the light, as shown in fig. 3; the polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array has a focusing effect on linearly polarized light in the polarization direction β, as shown in fig. 4. The cell shape of the polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array includes a one-dimensional cylindrical lens shape shown in fig. 5, a rectangular shape shown in fig. 6, and a hexagonal shape shown in fig. 7.
The high-precision phase delay module is formed by stacking n layers of checkerboard phase delay pieces in a staggered mode, wherein n is a positive integer, and is shown in the attached figure 8. The checkerboard phase delay plate is formed by alternately arranging pi/2 phase delay units and 0 phase delay units in a checkerboard shape, as shown in figure 9, the horizontal pitches of the pi/2 phase delay units and the 0 phase delay units are x, and the vertical pitches are y. The pi/2 phase delay unit generates pi/2 phase delay for incident polarized light, and the 0 phase delay unit does not generate phase delay for incident light. The high-precision phase delay module is formed by sequentially staggering y/n in the vertical direction by staggering x/n in the horizontal direction and superposing y/n by n layers of checkerboard phase delay plates, specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the ith layer of checkerboard phase delay plate is shifted by x/n in the horizontal direction and shifted by y/n in the vertical direction relative to the (i-1) th layer of checkerboard phase delay plate, and thus the checkerboard phase delay plate is staggered and superposed to the n layers.
The high-precision phase delay module comprises three phase delay units, namely a 0 phase delay unit, an odd-number-times pi/2 phase delay unit and an even-number-times pi/2 phase delay unit. The three phase delay units in the high-precision phase delay module are arranged in a checkerboard shape, as shown in fig. 10, the horizontal pitches of the three phase delay units are all x/n, and the vertical pitches are all y/n.
The three phase delay units of the high-precision phase delay module modulate the polarization state of incident polarized light as follows:
for the 0 phase delay unit, as shown in fig. 11, the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light with the polarization direction α and the linearly polarized light with the polarization direction β orthogonal to the linearly polarized light with the polarization direction α do not change after passing through the 0 phase delay unit;
for the odd-multiple pi/2 phase delay unit, as shown in fig. 12, the linearly polarized light in the polarization direction α passes through the odd-multiple pi/2 phase delay unit to become the circularly polarized light in the rotation direction a, and the circularly polarized light in the rotation direction B orthogonal to the rotation direction a passes through the odd-multiple pi/2 phase delay unit to become the linearly polarized light in the polarization direction β;
for the even-numbered pi/2 phase delay unit, as shown in fig. 13, the linearly polarized light in the polarization direction α is changed into the linearly polarized light in the polarization direction β through the even-numbered pi/2 phase delay unit, and the linearly polarized light in the polarization direction β is changed into the linearly polarized light in the polarization direction α through the even-numbered pi/2 phase delay unit.
The polarization-maintaining screen is used for reflecting incident light. After the linearly polarized light is reflected by the polarization-maintaining screen, the linearly polarized light still has the same polarization direction; the circularly polarized light is reflected by the polarization maintaining screen and becomes circularly polarized light orthogonal to the rotation direction of the incident circularly polarized light, specifically, the circularly polarized light in the rotation direction a is reflected by the polarization maintaining screen and becomes circularly polarized light in the rotation direction B orthogonal thereto, as shown in fig. 14.
The incident light path of the front projection type 2D/3D fusion display device for improving the image uniformity is shown in the attached figure 15. The projector projects a 2D/3D fusion film source, a 2D image unit of the 2D/3D fusion film source is correspondingly aligned with a 0 phase delay unit and an even-multiple pi/2 phase delay unit of the high-precision phase delay module, and a 3D image unit in the 2D/3D fusion film source is correspondingly aligned with an odd-multiple pi/2 phase delay unit of the high-precision phase delay module. The polarizer modulates the light of the 2D/3D fusion plate source into linearly polarized light in a polarization state alpha, and the polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array transmits the linearly polarized light in the polarization direction alpha. Corresponding to the light of the 2D image unit, linearly polarized light is respectively modulated into linearly polarized light with a polarization direction alpha and a polarization direction beta through a 0 phase delay unit and an even number times pi/2 phase delay unit of the high-precision phase delay module, and the polarization-preserving screen reflects the linearly polarized light with the polarization direction alpha and the polarization direction beta and keeps the polarization directions of the linearly polarized light and the polarization direction beta unchanged; corresponding to the light of the 3D image unit, linearly polarized light passes through the odd-number-times pi/2 phase delay unit of the high-precision phase delay module and is modulated into circularly polarized light in the rotating direction A, and the polarization-maintaining screen reflects the circularly polarized light in the rotating direction A into circularly polarized light in the rotating direction B. After the light is reflected by the polarization maintaining screen, the 2D image light comprises linearly polarized light with a polarization direction alpha and a polarization direction beta, and the 3D image light is circularly polarized light with a rotation direction B.
The reflecting light path of the front projection type 2D/3D fusion display device for improving the image uniformity is shown in the attached figure 16. Corresponding to the light of the 2D image unit, linearly polarized light with the polarization direction alpha passes through the 0 phase delay unit of the high-precision phase delay module again and still is linearly polarized light with the polarization direction alpha, the linearly polarized light with the polarization direction beta passes through the even-numbered pi/2 phase delay unit of the high-precision phase delay module again and is also changed into the linearly polarized light with the polarization direction alpha, and the linearly polarized light with the polarization direction alpha containing 2D image information directly transmits through the polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array to realize 2D image display; and the circularly polarized light in the rotating direction B passes through the odd-numbered times pi/2 phase delay unit of the high-precision phase delay module again to be modulated into linearly polarized light in the polarization direction beta corresponding to the light of the 3D image unit, and the linearly polarized light in the polarization direction beta containing the 3D image information is focused and imaged by the polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array, so that 3D stereoscopic display is realized.
The front projection type 2D/3D fusion display device for improving the image uniformity realizes full-screen 2D display, full-screen 3D display and 2D/3D fusion display through independent control of the 2D image unit and the 3D image unit. The high-precision phase delay module reduces the pitch of the phase delay unit to 1/n of the pitch of the single-layer checkered phase delay unit by staggered superposition of n layers of checkered phase delay pieces, effectively improves the uniformity of 2D images and 3D images, greatly weakens the image cutting feeling caused by the large pitch of the phase delay unit, and improves the uniformity of the images by n2And (4) doubling.
Description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front projection type 2D/3D fusion display device for improving image uniformity according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a 2D/3D fusion source
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the transmission effect of a polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array on linearly polarized light with a polarization direction α
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the focusing effect of the polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array on linearly polarized light with the polarization direction β
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a polarization dependent liquid crystal lens array in a one-dimensional columnar arrangement
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a polarization dependent liquid crystal lens array in a two-dimensional matrix arrangement
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a polarization dependent liquid crystal lens array in a hexagonal arrangement
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a high-precision phase delay module according to the present invention
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a checkerboard phase retarder
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the phase delay units of the high-precision phase module according to the present invention
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the modulation of polarized light by the 0-phase retardation unit of the high-precision phase retardation module according to the present invention
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of modulation of polarized light by odd-multiple π/2 phase delay cells of a high-precision phase delay module according to the present invention
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of modulation of polarized light by even-multiple π/2 phase delay cells of a high-precision phase delay module according to the present invention
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the change of polarization state of polarized light after being reflected by a polarization-maintaining screen
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an incident light path of a front projection type 2D/3D fusion display device for improving image uniformity according to the present invention
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a reflection light path of a front projection type 2D/3D fusion display device for improving image uniformity according to the present invention
The reference numbers in the figures are:
100 projector, 1012D image unit, 1023D image unit, 2 polarizer, 300 polarization dependent liquid crystal lens array, 301 polymer layer in a flat concave shape, 302 liquid crystal layer in a flat convex shape, 303 orientation layer, 304 glass substrate, 400 high precision phase retardation module, 410 checkerboard phase retardation plate, 411 checkerboard phase retardation plate, 412 checkerboard phase retardation plate pi/2 phase retardation unit, 413 checkerboard phase retardation plate 0 phase retardation unit, 414 checkerboard phase retardation plate horizontal direction relative movement unit, 415 checkerboard phase retardation plate vertical direction relative movement unit, 420 high precision phase retardation module phase retardation unit, 421 high precision phase retardation module 0 phase retardation unit, 422 high precision phase retardation module odd number times pi/2 phase retardation unit, 423 high precision phase retardation module even number times pi/2 phase retardation unit, 5 polarization maintaining screen, 6 polarization direction alpha linearly polarized light, 7 polarization direction beta linearly polarized light, 8 rotation direction A circularly polarized light, 9 rotation direction B circularly polarized light, 102D image and 113D image.
It should be understood that the above-described figures are merely schematic and are not drawn to scale.
Fifth, detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment of a front projection type 2D/3D fusion display device for improving image uniformity according to the present invention. It should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that the skilled person in the art may make modifications and adaptations of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a front projection type 2D/3D fusion display device for improving image uniformity, as shown in figure 1, the device is composed of a projector 100, a polarizer 2, a polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array 300, a high-precision phase delay module 400 and a polarization-maintaining screen 5, and the device can realize high-uniformity 2D/3D fusion display.
In the embodiment, the projector 100 has a resolution of 1280 × 800 pixels, and is configured to project a 2D/3D fusion source composed of 2D image units 101 and 3D image units 102 arranged in a checkerboard-like staggered manner, as shown in fig. 2, where the horizontal and vertical pitches of the 2D image units and the 3D image units are 0.625 mm.
The polarizer 2 is configured to modulate the light emitted by the projector into α -linear polarized light with a polarization direction, and the linear polarized light orthogonal to the polarization direction has a polarization direction, in this embodiment, the linear polarized light 6 with the polarization direction is vertical linear polarized light, and the linear polarized light 7 with the polarization direction β is parallel linear polarized light.
In this embodiment, the polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array 300 is composed of a polymer layer 301 having a flat concave shape, a liquid crystal layer 302 having a flat convex shape, an alignment layer 303, and a glass substrate 304. The polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array 300 directly and completely transmits vertical linearly polarized light, as shown in fig. 3; the polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array 300 has a focusing effect on parallel linearly polarized light, as shown in fig. 4. The cell shape of the polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array 300 has a one-dimensional cylindrical lens shape shown in fig. 5, a rectangular shape shown in fig. 6, and a hexagonal shape shown in fig. 7.
In this embodiment, the high-precision phase delay module 400 is formed by stacking 4 layers of checkerboard phase delay plates 410 in a staggered manner. The phase delay units 411 of the checkerboard phase delay plate include pi/2 phase delay units and 0 phase delay units, and they are alternately arranged in a checkerboard shape, as shown in fig. 9, and the horizontal and vertical pitches of the pi/2 phase delay units 412 of the checkerboard phase delay plate and the 0 phase delay units 413 of the checkerboard phase delay plate are both 2.5 mm. The pi/2 phase delay unit generates pi/2 phase delay on incident polarized light, linearly polarized light is rotated by 90 degrees, the 0 phase delay unit does not generate phase delay on the incident light, and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is not changed. The high-precision phase delay module is formed by sequentially stacking 4 layers of checkered phase delay plates in a staggered manner by 0.625mm in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, specifically, as shown in fig. 8, a first layer of checkered phase delay plates is placed at the bottommost surface, a second layer of checkered phase delay plates is stacked on the first layer, the second layer of checkered phase delay plates horizontally moves by 0.625mm in the rightward direction and then vertically moves by 0.625mm in the downward direction, and the staggered stacking steps are repeated on the third layer and the fourth layer, so that the high-precision phase delay module with 0.625mm horizontal and vertical pitches of the phase delay units 420 of the high-precision phase delay module is formed.
The high-precision phase delay module 400 includes the following phase delay units: the phase delay unit comprises a 0 phase delay unit, a pi/2 phase delay unit, a 2 (pi/2) phase delay unit, a 3 (pi/2) phase delay unit and a 4 (pi/2) phase delay unit, which are divided into three types according to functions, wherein the first type is the 0 phase delay unit, the second type is the odd-number-times pi/2 phase delay unit, and the third type is the even-number-times pi/2 phase delay unit. The phase delay units 420 of the high-precision phase delay module are still arranged in a checkered pattern, as shown in fig. 10, and the horizontal and vertical pitches of the phase delay units 420 of the high-precision phase delay module are both 0.625 mm.
The three types of phase retardation units of the high-precision phase retardation module 400 modulate the polarization state of incident polarized light as follows:
for the 0 phase delay unit 421 of the high-precision phase delay module, as shown in fig. 11, the polarization direction of the vertically linear polarized light and the parallel linear polarized light is not changed by passing through the 0 phase delay unit;
for the odd-multiple pi/2 phase delay unit 422 of the high-precision phase delay module, as shown in fig. 12, the vertical linearly polarized light passes through the odd-multiple pi/2 phase delay unit to become the circularly polarized light 8 in the rotation direction a, and the circularly polarized light 9 in the rotation direction B orthogonal to the rotation direction a passes through the odd-multiple pi/2 phase delay unit to become the parallel linearly polarized light, in this embodiment, the circularly polarized light 8 in the rotation direction a is left-handed circularly polarized light, and the circularly polarized light 9 in the rotation direction B is right-handed circularly polarized light;
for the even-numbered pi/2 phase delay unit 423 of the high-precision phase delay module, as shown in fig. 13, the vertical linear polarized light is changed into parallel linear polarized light through the even-numbered pi/2 phase delay unit, and the parallel linear polarized light is changed into vertical linear polarized light through the even-numbered pi/2 phase delay unit.
The polarization-maintaining screen 5 is used for reflecting incident light. After the linearly polarized light is reflected by the polarization-maintaining screen, the linearly polarized light still has the same polarization direction; after being reflected by the polarization maintaining screen, the left-handed circularly polarized light is changed into right-handed circularly polarized light due to half-wave loss, as shown in fig. 14.
The incident light path of the front projection type 2D/3D fusion display device for improving the image uniformity is shown in the attached figure 15. The projector 1 projects a 2D/3D fusion film source, the unit pitch of the 2D/3D fusion film source and the unit pitch of the high-precision phase delay module are both 0.625mm, the 2D image unit 101 of the 2D/3D fusion film source is correspondingly aligned with the 0 phase delay unit and the even-multiple pi/2 phase delay unit of the high-precision phase delay module, and the 3D image unit 102 in the 2D/3D fusion film source is correspondingly aligned with the odd-multiple pi/2 phase delay unit of the high-precision phase delay module. The polarizer 2 modulates the light of the 2D/3D fusion plate source into vertical linear polarized light, and the polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array 300 transmits the vertical linear polarized light. The vertical linear polarized light passes through the 0 phase delay unit and the even-numbered pi/2 phase delay unit of the high-precision phase delay module and is respectively modulated into vertical linear polarized light and parallel linear polarized light corresponding to the light of the 2D image unit 101, and the polarization-preserving screen 5 reflects the vertical linear polarized light and the parallel linear polarized light and keeps the polarization directions of the vertical linear polarized light and the parallel linear polarized light unchanged; and the vertical linear polarized light passes through the odd-number-times pi/2 phase delay unit of the high-precision phase delay module and is modulated into left-handed circular polarized light corresponding to the light of the 3D image unit 102, and the polarization-maintaining screen 5 reflects the left-handed circular polarized light into right-handed circular polarized light. After the light is reflected by the polarization-maintaining screen 5, the 2D image light contains vertical linear polarized light and horizontal linear polarized light, and the 3D image light is right-handed circularly polarized light.
The reflecting light path of the front projection type 2D/3D fusion display device for improving the image uniformity is shown in the attached figure 16. The vertical linear polarized light passes through the 0 phase delay unit 421 of the high-precision phase delay module again corresponding to the light of the 2D image unit 101 and is still vertical linear polarized light, the parallel linear polarized light passes through the linear polarized light even-multiple pi/2 phase delay unit 423 of the high-precision phase delay module again, the polarization direction is rotated by 90 degrees and is changed into vertical linear polarized light, and the vertical linear polarized light containing 2D image information is directly transmitted through the polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array 300 to realize 2D image display; corresponding to the light of the 3D image unit 102, the right-handed circularly polarized light passes through the odd-numbered pi/2 phase delay unit 422 of the high-precision phase delay module again, and is modulated into parallel linearly polarized light, and the parallel linearly polarized light containing the 3D image information is focused and imaged by the polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array 300, so that 3D stereoscopic display is realized.
In this embodiment, the polarizer 2 and the high-precision phase delay module 400 independently modulate the 2D image unit 101 and the 3D image unit 102, and cooperate with the polarization-dependent liquid crystal lens array 300 to realize transmission of vertical linear polarized light and directional modulation of parallel linear polarized light, so as to realize high-uniformity 2D/3D fusion display, and simultaneously realize full-screen 2D display and full-screen 3D display. The device makes the phase delay unit reduce to original 1/16 through 4 layers of check phase delay pieces of dislocation stack, and the degree of consistency of image improves 16 times, and the effectual cutting that has solved the display image feels the problem, promotes the display quality.
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| CN111505890A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-08-07 | 四川大学 | A 2D/3D compatible front projection display device |
| CN111522146A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-11 | 北京航空航天大学 | A large-scale seamless splicing integrated imaging desktop 3D display device |
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