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CN111886308A - 胶带 - Google Patents

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CN111886308A
CN111886308A CN201980021652.4A CN201980021652A CN111886308A CN 111886308 A CN111886308 A CN 111886308A CN 201980021652 A CN201980021652 A CN 201980021652A CN 111886308 A CN111886308 A CN 111886308A
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adhesive tape
carrier
pigments
adhesive
yellow
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T·勒曼
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Certoplast Technische Klebebander GmbH
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Certoplast Technische Klebebander GmbH
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Abstract

本发明的主题是胶带，特别是用于缠绕汽车中的线缆的缠绕带。胶带配备有织物载体和施加至载体的一面或两面的至少一个粘合剂层。载体被由黄色和红色颜料组成的有机染料着色。黄色颜料以蒽醌为基础。根据本发明，基于苝的颜料用作红色颜料。

Description

胶带
本发明涉及一种胶带，特别是用于缠绕汽车中的线缆的胶带，所述胶带包含织物载体和施加至载体的一面或两面的至少一个粘合剂层，其中该载体被由黄色和红色颜料组成的有机染料染色，其中该黄色颜料以蒽醌为基础。
多年来胶带的织物载体已被染色，最初使用例如基于炭黑的无机颜料。例如将这样的颜料引入挤出物并可使用在纤丝或甚至纤丝织物的制造中，如在WO 2003/033611[US2004/0253889]中详细描述。
然而，近日对于染色而言对相应配备的胶带具有保护或警示功能越来越重要。事实上，这样的胶带并特别是缠绕带通常用于制备线缆束。为此，胶带通常围绕线缆束螺旋或盘旋缠绕，从而在安装之前或在安装状态时捆扎待组合的电缆。原则上，还可以此方式形成纵向套。
例如对于应用传送大于60伏特较大电压的线缆或线缆束而言讨论中的胶带或缠绕带的警示或提醒功能是需要且必要的。这通常是混合动力和电动车辆的情况。这样的线缆束必须用橙色标识。在本文中，RAL 2003(淡橙色)在2010年被指定为标准颜色。
从现有技术已知装备胶带的各种方法，特别是用于缠绕汽车中具有以上描述橙色的线缆的缠绕带。例如，根据DE 10 2011 079 114的一般教导对由黄色和红色染料或颜料的混合物组成的有机染料有效。黄色染料以蒽醌为基础。使用偶氮化合物用于红色染料。然而，作为替代，红色染料还可是蒽醌化合物和偶氮化合物的混合物。
织物载体的纤维、长丝或纱线的染色在根据DE 10 2011 079 114A1的教导中通过分散染色进行。在此，使用在水中难溶的合成着色剂。为此，必须将着色剂细微研磨并溶解在加热的染料浴中。
通常，在本申请的上下文中和根据“
Figure BDA0002697663270000011
Chemie Lexikon，第9版，1993年，第1301页”的解释，术语“染料”是可溶于溶剂和/或粘合剂中的着色剂的集合术语或集合名称。因此，染料与不溶的颜料形成对比，不溶性颜料在数量、结构多样性并且通常还在发光度方面差于燃料。
因此，颜料且在以下根据“
Figure BDA0002697663270000021
Chemie Lexikon，第9版，1995年，第3439页”的解释理解为实际上不溶于使用介质的有色或无色的无机或有机着色剂。因此，按照这些定义必须在以下在一方面染料和另一方面颜料之间进行区分。
在根据DE 10 2011 079 114A1的已知教导的情况下，胶带着色的变色或褪色可仍然由于热暴露和/或老化迹象而出现。这在长时间尺度上特别成问题，因为由此与不可避免的污染结合，失去了警示效果。
出于该原因，申请人的DE 20 2017 107 156U1提出使用胶带，其完全或部分使用无机矿物颜料作为染料。总体上，考虑到按照标准LV312的相关温度等级T4，实现了对于胶带而言通常正好大于150℃持续3000小时时间的温度稳定性(“Schutzsysteme für
Figure BDA0002697663270000022
in Kraftfahrzeugen,
Figure BDA0002697663270000023
Prüfrichtlinie”(“Protection systems for wire harnesses in motor vehicles,adhesive tapes；testguideline”)(10/2009))。
DE 10 2015 121 562A1遵循不同的方式。这里使用以重氮化合物为基础的着色剂。以此，再次进行另一种尝试以实现覆盖在该发明的情况下至少温度等级T4的特定耐温性。尤其是，所有这些都通过弃用蒽醌化合物来实现，因为蒽醌被分类为假定有害的物质。然而，没有提到这可能的证据。
本发明的技术问题是基于提供胶带，其特别是温度稳定的并与此同时以简单且成本有利的方式构建的缠绕汽车中线缆的胶带。
为了解决该技术问题，在本发明的范围内，根据本发明的胶带特征在于使用基于苝的颜料作为红色颜料。
因此，对于使用有机染料，本发明首次使用黄色颜料，其一直以蒽醌为基础，如例如从DE 10 2011 079 114A1已知的那样。然而与此相反，没有使用偶氮化合物或蒽醌化合物和偶氮化合物的混合物作为红色染料或红色颜料。相反，本发明有意地使用苝，即，特殊的多环芳香烃，其例如天然地存在于泥炭和水体底部的最新沉积物中，而且还存在于原油中。此外，可通过加热萘与氯化铝或其它路易斯酸来制备苝。此外，已知苝四羧酸二酐(PTCDA)的脱羧基作用而用于苝的制备。这经常在铜作为催化剂存在下借助微波进行。
苝以固体存在且特征在于黄色且有光泽的薄片，其具有高于270℃的极高的熔化温度。此外因为苝也是有机半导体，所以苝和它的衍生物越来越多地用作颜料而原料价格不断降低。这可归因于苝作为有机部件(例如晶体管、有机发光二极管(OLED)或有机太阳能电池)中的高纯度材料变得日益广泛。
以此方法，根据本发明，提供了一种胶带，特别是可以简单且成本有效的方式制备的用于缠绕汽车中的线缆的胶带。另外，讨论的胶带被设计为极其温度稳定并且没有或几乎没有观察到变色。事实上，根据本发明的胶带按照上面提到的标准LV 312至少符合温度等级T3(125℃)，并且特别地甚至符合温度等级T4(150℃)。温度等级T3对应于讨论的胶带必须耐直至125℃的温度。为了满足温度等级T4，需要耐直至150℃。温度等级T5甚至要求直至175℃。这意味着缠绕的线缆并且具有缠绕的线缆，胶带必须承受该温度3000小时的时间，并且不可表现出任何显著的变色。在讨论的标准或在以上引用的DE 10 2015 121562A1中描述了关于此的细节。
黄色染料根据本发明以基于蒽醌的黄色颜料为基础。蒽醌或相应的颜料是衍生自蒽醌基础结构的那些颜料。这样的苝颜料以及蒽醌颜料以各种形式并以低成本可得到，并因此特别适合于根据本发明的预期用途。另外，因此能够如描述地实现特别高的温度稳定性。
为了能够达到已经提到的温度等级T3并且特别地对于胶带而言甚至达到T4，通常使用专用胶带。在这种情况下，已证明有利的是，粘合剂层完全或部分由不含溶剂的丙烯酸类热熔物料组成。原则上，当然也可考虑其它粘合剂涂层。然而，为了实现至少T4的要求温度等级，通常使用丙烯酸类热熔物料。
此外，通常这样进行加工，使得对载体的单根或所有纱线染色，特别是喷丝头染色。由此，通过还使用基于丙烯酸类的粘合剂，可提供至少符合以上已经提到的温度等级T3，并且特别地甚至满足温度等级T4的具有着色载体的胶带用于缠绕线缆束。为此，这还是并且特别是由于喷丝头染色单根或所有纱线的事实所致。
这样的喷丝头染色特征在于着色颜料或黄色和红色颜料的混合物与例如聚酯的粒料混合。颜料通常具有小于0.5mm的粒径。此外，证明了在上下文中有利的是如果在喷丝头染色过程中，颜料以基于聚合物纺丝物料的0.2至3.0重量％的浓度存在于挤出物中。
原则上可能的是，作为用于织物载体的纱线，不仅可在以上已经描述的喷丝头染色过程中制造纺成纱，而且可将纺成纱进一步加工。事实上，可将纺成的纤维进一步加工为纱线或甚至短纤维。作为合适的载体，可使用织造物或非织造物或它们的组合。载体的基础重量一般为20g/m2直至500g/m2。对于粘合剂而言通常建议20g/m2至200g/m2的施加重量。可将粘合剂层在整面地或条带状施加至基材。
可借助于根据本发明的胶带实现生产包裹物，因为围绕待缠绕的电缆螺旋或盘旋作为缠绕带加料讨论的胶带。然而，还能够借助于根据本发明的胶带或缠绕带，产生作为纵向延伸的纵向封套围绕线缆缠绕的纵向夹套。
载体可完全或部分由聚酯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚乙烯纤维或聚酰胺纤维制成和构造。可将纤维进一步加工为纺成纱或甚至短纤维。由此，可制成已经提到的载体，其作为织造物或非织造物单独地或它们的组合形成。与优选使用的纤维的喷丝头染色且使用根据本发明的专用颜料结合，总体上获得特别温度稳定的胶带。
另外，如果使用基于聚酯或聚酰胺的纤维，例如当使用织物作为载体时还观察到高耐磨性，对应或可对应于根据之前提到的标准LV312的耐磨性，其对应于根据等级C的平均磨损保护或甚至根据等级D的高磨损保护。由于根据本发明使用的这两种颜料，可如期望的实现对应于RAL 2003的橙色色调(淡橙色)。这是可看到的主要优势。

Claims (7)

1.胶带，特别是用于缠绕汽车中的线缆的胶带，其具有织物载体和施加至载体的一面或两面的至少一个粘合剂层，其中该载体被由黄色和红色颜料组成的有机染料染色，该黄色颜料以蒽醌为基础，特征在于使用基于苝的颜料作为红色颜料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的胶带，特征在于载体形成为织造物或非织造物，单独的或它们的组合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的胶带，特征在于载体具有至多500g/m2的基础重量并且粘合剂具有20至200g/m2的施用重量。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的胶带，特征在于对载体的单根或所有纱线染色，特别是喷丝头染色。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的胶带，特征在于载体至少部分由聚酯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚乙烯纤维或聚酰胺纤维组成。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的胶带，特征在于粘合层完全或部分由不含溶剂的丙烯酸类热熔物料组成。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的胶带，特征在于它至少满足根据标准LV 312的温度等级T3，特别地甚至满足温度等级T4。
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