CN111873592A - 一种可降解地板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可降解地板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111873592A CN111873592A CN202010737426.0A CN202010737426A CN111873592A CN 111873592 A CN111873592 A CN 111873592A CN 202010737426 A CN202010737426 A CN 202010737426A CN 111873592 A CN111873592 A CN 111873592A
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明属于地板技术领域,具体涉及一种可降解地板及其制备方法。本发明供了一种可降解地板,从上到下依次包括表皮层,密度板,第一底片层;所述表皮层从上到下依次包括TPU耐磨层,装饰层,第二底片层,其中第二底片层与密度板相接触。所述可降解地板的耐磨层和底片层均使用可降解材料TPU制备,密度板主要成分为木质纤维,整体地板可降解部分占比为95‑100%;所述可降解地板防火性能好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于地板技术领域,具体涉及一种可降解地板及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前地板行业主要以木质地板和PVC塑胶地板两大类为主流,其中PVC塑胶地板是当今世界上非常流行的一种新型轻体地面装饰材料,也称为"轻体地材"。是一种在欧美及亚洲的日韩广受欢迎的产品,风靡国外,从80年代初开始进入中国市场,至今在国内的大中城市已经得到普遍的认可,使用非常广泛。但由于PVC中含有大量的氯,地板在燃烧过程中释放出盐酸和其他有毒气体,影响人们的健康安全,并且PVC属于不可降解的塑料,对人们日益关注的环境问题也提出了巨大挑战,因此,研究一种新型的材料来取代PVC制备弹性环保地板符合目前市场的需求。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的第一个方面提供了一种可降解地板,从上到下依次包括表皮层,密度板,第一底片层;所述表皮层从上到下依次包括TPU耐磨层,装饰层,第二底片层,其中第二底片层与密度板相接触。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述TPU耐磨层,第二底片层的制备原料,按重量份计,均包括:TPU树脂100份,增塑剂2-25份,大豆油1~10份,热稳定剂1.5~3.5份;所述第一底片层为TPU层或发泡层;所述发泡层的原料包括IXPE、PS、EVA、PU、PP、PO、橡胶中的一种。作为一种优选的技术方案,所述TPU耐磨层的制备原料,按重量份计,包括:TPU树脂100份,增塑剂2-5份,大豆油1~5份,热稳定剂1.5~3.5份,丙烯酸酯类单体0.5-1份,紫外吸收剂0.2-0.3份。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述第一底片层和第二底片层的制备原料相同,按重量份计,均包括TPU树脂100份、增塑剂20-25份、大豆油5~10份、热稳定剂1.5~3.5份,石粉350-480份,炭黑5-10份,润滑剂5-7份。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述密度板选自纤维密度板、玻镁板、硅酸钙纤维板中的一种。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述纤维密度板的制备原料,按重量份计,包括农作物秸秆30-40份、木材边角料40-45份、无机碱2-5份、含镁化合物7-15份,粘合剂10-15份。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述玻镁板包括以下重量份数的原料:轻烧氧化镁100-120份、七水硫酸镁1-4份、氯化镁0-25份、珍珠岩4-10份、滑石粉2-5份、蒙脱土1-5份,KH550 2-9份、木纤维10-30份、水,其中:水灰比为0.2-0.5。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述硅酸钙纤维板包括以下重量份数的原料:消石灰20-30份、硅藻土21-23份、煤灰10-20份、硅灰4.5-5.5份、膨润土2-5份、植物纤维5-10份、填料2~5份、水,其中:水灰比为0.2-0.5。
本发明的第二方面提供所述的可降解地板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将表皮层进行UV热处理;
(2)将UV热处理后的表皮层通过第一胶粘剂贴于密度板表面,得到半成品;
(3)将半成品堆放在托盘上,根据规格要求进行多片锯开槽;
(4)将第一底片层通过第二胶粘剂贴于密度板背面,得到可降解地板。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述表皮层的厚度为0.5-1.5mm;所述密度板的厚度为3-12mm;所述第一底片层的厚度为0.5-1.5mm。
有益效果:所述可降解地板的耐磨层和底片层均使用可降解材料TPU制备,密度板主要成分为木质纤维,整体地板可降解部分占比为95-100%;所述可降解地板防火性能好,适用于室内、室外等多种场所,应用前景好。
具体实施方式
为了下面的详细描述的目的,应当理解,本发明可采用各种替代的变化和步骤顺序,除非明确规定相反。此外,除了在任何操作实例中,或者以其他方式指出的情况下,表示例如说明书和权利要求中使用的成分的量的所有数字应被理解为在所有情况下被术语“约”修饰。因此,除非相反指出,否则在以下说明书和所附权利要求中阐述的数值参数是根据本发明所要获得的期望性能而变化的近似值。至少并不是试图将等同原则的适用限制在权利要求的范围内,每个数值参数至少应该根据报告的有效数字的个数并通过应用普通舍入技术来解释。
尽管阐述本发明的广泛范围的数值范围和参数是近似值,但是具体实例中列出的数值尽可能精确地报告。然而,任何数值固有地包含由其各自测试测量中发现的标准偏差必然产生的某些误差。
当本文中公开一个数值范围时,上述范围视为连续,且包括该范围的最小值及最大值,以及这种最小值与最大值之间的每一个值。进一步地,当范围是指整数时,包括该范围的最小值与最大值之间的每一个整数。此外,当提供多个范围描述特征或特性时,可以合并该范围。换言之,除非另有指明,否则本文中所公开之所有范围应理解为包括其中所归入的任何及所有的子范围。例如,从“1至10”的指定范围应视为包括最小值1与最大值10之间的任何及所有的子范围。范围1至10的示例性子范围包括但不限于1至6.1、3.5至7.8、5.5至10等。
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种可降解地板,从上到下依次包括表皮层,密度板,第一底片层。
所述表皮层从上到下依次包括TPU耐磨层,装饰层,第二底片层,其中第二底片层与密度板相接触。
所述TPU耐磨层,第二底片层的制备原料,按重量份计,均包括:TPU树脂100份,增塑剂2-25份,大豆油1~10份,热稳定剂1.5~3.5份;所述第一底片层为TPU层或发泡层;所述发泡层的原料包括IXPE、PS、EVA、PU、PP、PO、橡胶中的一种。所述第一底片层为TPU层时,所述TPU耐磨层,第一底片层和第二底片层的制备原料,按重量份计,均包括:TPU树脂100份,增塑剂2-25份,大豆油1~10份,热稳定剂1.5~3.5份。
所述“TPU树脂”为热塑性聚氨酯树脂;所述TPU耐磨层,第一底片层和第二底片层的TPU树脂均为市售商品,购买厂家无特别限制,例如东莞市乐睿塑料有限公司,商品名称为“高耐磨TPU”。
所述TPU耐磨层,第一底片层和第二底片层的增塑剂无特别限制,能使TPU树脂塑性增加即可,例如对苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOTP)。
优选的,所述大豆油为环氧大豆油。
所述环氧大豆油为多种脂肪酸组成:环氧亚油酸酯(51~57%)、环氧油酸酯(32~36%),环氧棕榈酸酯(2.4~6.8%)等的混合物。
优选的,所述TPU耐磨层,第一底片层和第二底片层的热稳定剂均包括钙锌复合热稳定剂、有机锡稳定剂、铅稳定剂中的至少一种;在满足不同需求的前提下,可选择不同的热稳定剂;比如为了环保目的,可选用环保型热稳定剂。
进一步优选的,所述TPU耐磨层的制备原料,按重量份计,包括:TPU树脂100份,增塑剂2-5份,大豆油1~5份,热稳定剂1.5~3.5份,丙烯酸酯类单体0.5-1份,紫外吸收剂0.2-0.3份。
优选的,所述丙烯酸酯类单体包括甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、2-丁基辛基甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸己酯、甲基丙烯酸辛基酯、2-乙基丙烯酸乙酯中的至少一种。通过加入丙烯酸酯类单体,使得制备过程中更容易出料。
所述紫外吸收剂选自紫外线吸收剂UV-P、紫外线吸收剂UV-O、紫外线吸收剂UV-9、紫外线吸收剂UV-531、紫外线吸收剂UVP-327、紫外线吸收剂RMB、光稳定剂AM-101、光稳定剂744中的至少一种;优选紫外线吸收剂UV-531。
所述TPU耐磨层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将原料投料于混合机混合,然后利用挤出机塑化,塑化温度控制为110-170℃,过滤机过滤,过滤温度110-170℃,经过五辊压延机压延成型,五辊压延机的1号辊的温度为110-180℃,2号辊的温度为110-165℃,3号辊的温度为105-160℃,4号辊的温度为100-155℃,5号辊的温度为100-155℃,冷却收卷。
优选的,所述TPU耐磨层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将原料投料于混合机混合,然后利用挤出机塑化,塑化温度控制为110-120℃,过滤机过滤,过滤温度110-120℃,经过五辊压延机压延成型,五辊压延机的1号辊的温度为110-130℃,2号辊的温度为110-115℃,3号辊的温度为105-110℃,4号辊的温度为100-105℃,5号辊的温度为100-105℃,冷却收卷。
进一步优选的,所述第一底片层为TPU层时,所述第一底片层和第二底片层的制备原料相同,按重量份计,均包括TPU树脂100份、增塑剂20-25份、大豆油5~10份、热稳定剂1.5~3.5份,石粉350-480份,炭黑5-10份,润滑剂5-7份。
所述润滑剂选自硬脂酸、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌中的至少一种。
所述石粉包括麦饭石粉、重钙粉、滑石粉、白云石粉、腻子粉中的至少一种。
所述第一底片层为TPU层时,所述第一底片层和第二底片层的制备方法相同,包括以下步骤:将原料投料于混合机混合,然后利用密炼机塑化,塑化温度控制为130-200℃,经过四辊压延机压延成型,四辊压延机的1号辊的温度为130-195℃,四辊压延机的2号辊的温度为130-195℃,3号辊的温度为120-180℃,4号辊的温度为115-170℃,冷却,裁剪,得到底片层。
优选的,所述第一底片层和第二底片层的制备方法相同,包括以下步骤:将原料投料于混合机混合,然后利用密炼机塑化,塑化温度控制为130-150℃,经过四辊压延机压延成型,四辊压延机的1号辊的温度为130-145℃,四辊压延机的2号辊的温度为130-145℃,3号辊的温度为120-130℃,4号辊的温度为115-120℃,冷却,裁剪,得到底片层。
随着人们环保意识的增强,可降解地板成为研究的热点之一,本申请通过采用TPU树脂与秸秆农作物制得的密度板代替PVC树脂制得可降解地板,安全环保,而且经土壤掩埋后可随时间自然氧化降解;但是由于可降解地板中含有不同程度的热塑性线性结构,地板在较高温度下的使用成为难点,本申请通过将TPU耐磨层经过五辊压延机压延成型,第一底片层和第二底片层经过四辊压延机压延成型;然后与密度板形成可降解地板,热膨胀系数远远小于传统SPC的热膨胀系数;推测是通过特定工序,TPU耐磨层、第一底片层、第二底片层中某些基团朝特定方向取向,增加了链段的有序性,树脂中分子链段之间的作用力增强,受热时不易膨胀。
所述发泡层的原料包括IXPE、PS、EVA、PU、PP、PO、橡胶中的一种。所述发泡层可以自制,也可以购买;所述发泡层通过将IXPE、PS、EVA、PU、PP、PO、橡胶中的一种与发泡剂、填料相互反应制备得到;所述发泡剂无特别限制,为本领域常用的发泡剂。
其中,IXPE指交联聚乙烯发泡材料,是一种性能优越的泡沫塑料。例如以低密度聚乙烯为主料,通过交联剂架桥,采用偶氮型发泡剂发泡制备而成。所述IXPE层泡孔密闭独立、不吸水而且环保、阻燃、绝缘、防潮、减震、缓冲、回弹、保温、隔热、耐侯性、耐老化性、耐药品性、质轻、易加工成型、无公害。
所述PE质量轻,化学稳定性高,不会锈蚀,而且耐冲击性好,绝缘性好;防火防潮,吸水率低;所述PS具有良好的表面光泽、硬度高、刚性好,此外,还有良好的耐水性、耐化学腐蚀性。所述EVA重量轻,耐磨,抗震;所述PP层具有隔音、防潮、耐磨性、使用寿命长等优点。所述PO具有隔音、化学稳定性好、防腐等优点。所述橡胶可以是天然橡胶,也可以是合成橡胶;具有很好的缓冲、抗震、隔热、防潮等优点。通过将TPU耐磨层,装饰层,第二底片层按顺序贴合得到表皮层,所述表皮层的制备方法没有特别限制,例如,可以通过方法一制备得到;方法一包括:将TPU耐磨层、装饰层、第二底片层叠料;叠料完成后推入压机,热压温度120℃-150℃,热压时间20-40min,冷压温度低于40℃,冷压时间20-40min,卸料,得表皮层;所述装饰层为彩膜。
也可以通过方法二制备得到;方法二包括:通过热辊将第二底片层与装饰层贴合,贴合温度100℃-120℃,速度10-15m/min;将第二底片层与装饰层贴合后,再通过热辊,将TPU耐磨层贴合在装饰层表面,温度105℃-125℃,速度10-15m/min;得表皮层;还可以将已贴合好的表皮进行压纹处理,贴合温度100℃-120℃,速度10-15m/min。
所述密度板选自纤维密度板、玻镁板、硅酸钙纤维板中的一种。
所述玻镁板的成分包括活性高纯氧化镁、优质氯化镁、抗碱玻纤布、植物纤维、不燃质轻的珍珠岩、化学稳定立德粉、高分子聚合物、高性能改性剂。所述玻镁板具有耐高温、阻燃、吸声、防震、防虫、防腐、无毒无味无污染、可直接上油漆、直接贴面,可用气钉、直接上瓷砖,表面有较好的着色性,强度高、耐弯曲有韧性、可钉、可锯、可粘,装修方便。
所述玻镁板包括以下重量份数的原料:轻烧氧化镁100-120份、七水硫酸镁1-4份、氯化镁0-25份、珍珠岩4-10份、滑石粉2-5份、蒙脱土1-5份,KH5502-9份、木纤维10-30份、水,其中:水灰比为0.2-0.5。
所述硅酸钙纤维板是以无机矿物纤维或纤维素纤维等松散短纤维为增强材料,以硅质-钙质材料为主体胶结材料,经制浆、成型、在高温高压饱和蒸汽中加速固化反应,形成硅酸钙胶凝体而制成的板材。是一种具有优良性能的新型建筑和工业用板材,其产品防火,防潮,隔音,防虫蛀,耐久性较好,是吊顶,隔断的理想装饰板材。
所述硅酸钙纤维板包括以下重量份数的原料:消石灰20-30份、硅藻土21-23份、煤灰10-20份、硅灰4.5-5.5份、膨润土2-5份、植物纤维5-10份、填料2~5份、水,其中:水灰比为0.2-0.5。
其中填料包括但不限于高岭土。
所述玻镁板、硅酸钙纤维板的制备方法无特别限制,为本领域常用的制备方法。
优选的,所述纤维密度板的制备原料,按重量份计,包括农作物秸秆30-40份、木材边角料40-45份、无机碱2-5份、含镁化合物7-15份,粘合剂10-15份;
所述农作物秸秆选自小麦秸秆、水稻秸秆、玉米秸秆、薯类秸秆、油菜秸秆、棉花秸秆、甘蔗秸秆中的至少一种;本申请中所述农作物秸秆无特别限制;
所述木材边角料为木材厂、家具厂、地板厂在加工过程中产生的边角料,所述木材边角料无特别限制;
所述无机碱选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钾中的至少一种;优选地,所述无机碱为氢氧化钠和碳酸氢钠;所述氢氧化钠和碳酸氢钠的重量比为1-3:1。
进一步优选的,在制备密度板前,将所述氢氧化钠配置为质量浓度为1-5%的氢氧化钠水溶液。
所述含镁化合物包括氧化镁、氢氧化镁、硫酸镁、七水硫酸镁中的至少一种。优选的,所述含镁化合物包括氧化镁和硫酸镁;所述氧化镁和硫酸镁的重量比为1:1-5;优选的,所述氧化镁和硫酸镁的重量比为1:1-3。
所述粘合剂为预糊化淀粉和/或压球粘合剂。所述预糊化淀粉的粘度为300-800mPa·s;优选的,所述预糊化淀粉的粘度为500mPa·s,其中,所述粘度指23摄氏度下的粘度。所述预糊化淀粉可以自制也可以购买,方法及厂家无特别限制。
所述密度板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将农作物秸秆、木材边角料、含镁化合物、碳酸氢钠加入到氢氧化钠水溶液中,加热至90-110℃,浸泡2-4h,过滤,得混合物1;将粘合剂和混合物1转入高速混合机,混合均匀,静置4-6h,转入板材挤出设备中挤出成型,得密度板。优选的,所述挤出设备中各段温度分别为140℃~150℃、150℃~160℃、160℃~170℃、170℃~180℃。
为了提高可降解地板的防火性能,常常需要加入氢氧化镁等阻燃剂,但是氢氧化镁阻燃剂所需填充量大(一般要50%),而且会降低产品的力学性能;本申请通过研究发现,在制备密度板的过程中,加入一定量的氧化镁、硫酸镁、氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠,制得的可降解地板无烟燃烧的烟密度小于260;弯曲强度增大,推测是:在制备密度板的过程中,产生分布均匀,与农作物秸秆相互作用的氢氧化镁,硫酸镁晶须等活性组分,一方面能够吸收外界能量,提高产生裂纹的应力值,加速能量的逸散并抑制裂纹的延伸;另一方面燃烧形成的MgO层具有更好成炭效果,炭层连续致密,纤维素分解生成的可燃气体需要从炭层中曲折微小空隙穿过才能逸出表面形成燃烧。
本申请的第二方面提供了所述可降解地板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将表皮层进行UV热处理;
(2)将表皮层通过第一胶粘剂贴于密度板表面,得到半成品;
(3)将半成品堆放在托盘上,根据规格要求进行多片锯开槽;
(4)将第一底片层通过第二胶粘剂贴于密度板背面,得到可降解地板。
其中,UV热处理的光照强度400-600mJ/cm2;速度为14-18m/min。
所述第一胶粘剂、第二胶粘剂无特别限制,能粘贴各层即可,优选的,所述第一胶粘剂、第二胶粘剂为低温固化的胶粘剂,例如热熔胶。进一步优选的,所述第一胶粘剂和第二胶粘剂胶量均为5-10g/m2。
优选的,所述表皮层的厚度为0.5-1.5mm;所述密度板的厚度为3-12mm;所述第一底片层的厚度为0.5-1.5mm。
可降解地板包括TPU耐磨层,装饰层,第二底片层、密度板、第一底片层,虽然表皮层、密度板、第一底片层之间通过胶粘剂粘结,但是由于目前市场上胶粘剂的力度较弱,在高温条件下,地板会发生翘曲,本申请通过研究发现,第一底片层、第二底片层的制备原料包括石粉、大豆油、钙锌复合稳定剂;密度板包括农作物秸秆、木材边角料时,即使将可降解地板加热到80℃,由于防火地板体系各层基体内部的非线性振动和层与层之间的非线性振动较弱,使得防火地板翘曲小于0.8mm,密度在1.2-1.3g/cm3。
同时特定的层与层叠放顺序以及厚度,使得可降解地板的弯曲强度大于2800psi。
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体描述。有必要在此指出的是,以下实施例只用于对本发明作进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,该领域的专业技术人员根据上述本发明的内容做出的一些非本质的改进和调整,仍属于本发明的保护范围。
另外,如果没有其它说明,所用原料都是市售得到的。
实施例
实施例1
一种可降解地板,从上到下依次包括表皮层,密度板,第一底片层;所述表皮层从上到下依次包括TPU耐磨层,装饰层,第二底片层,其中第二底片层与密度板相接触。
表皮层
所述TPU耐磨层的制备原料,按重量份计,包括:TPU树脂100份,增塑剂DOTP 2份,环氧大豆油1份,钙锌复合热稳定剂1.5份,甲基丙烯酸甲酯0.5份,紫外吸收剂UV-531 0.2份。其中,TPU树脂购买于东莞市乐睿塑料有限公司,商品名称为“高耐磨TPU”;所述钙锌复合热稳定剂购买于合肥荣光化工有限公司;所述TPU耐磨层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将原料投料于混合机混合,然后利用挤出机塑化,塑化温度控制为110℃,过滤机过滤,过滤温度110-120℃,经过五辊压延机压延成型,五辊压延机的1号辊的温度为110-115℃,2号辊的温度为110-115℃,3号辊的温度为105-110℃,4号辊的温度为100-105℃,5号辊的温度为100-105℃,冷却收卷。
所述装饰层为彩膜层。
所述第二底片层的制备原料按重量份计,包括TPU树脂100份、增塑剂DOTP20份、环氧大豆油5份、钙锌复合热稳定剂1.5份,滑石粉350份,炭黑5份,润滑剂硬脂酸5份。其中,TPU树脂购买于东莞市乐睿塑料有限公司,商品名称为“高耐磨TPU”;所述钙锌复合热稳定剂购买于合肥荣光化工有限公司;所述第二底片层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将原料投料于混合机混合,然后利用密炼机塑化,塑化温度控制为140℃,经过四辊压延机压延成型,四辊压延机的1号辊的温度为130-135℃,2号辊的温度为130-135℃,3号辊的温度为125-130℃,4号辊的温度为115-120℃,冷却,裁剪,得到第二底片层。
所述表皮层的制备方法为:将TPU耐磨层、彩膜、第二底片层叠料;叠料完成后推入压机,热压温度120℃-125℃,热压时间30min,冷压温度30℃,冷压时间30min,卸料,得表皮层。
密度板
所述纤维密度板的制备原料,按重量份计,包括农作物秸秆30份、木材边角料40份、无机碱2份、含镁化合物7份,粘合剂10份;所述农作物秸秆为小麦秸秆;所述无机碱为氢氧化钠和碳酸氢钠;所述氢氧化钠和碳酸氢钠的重量比为2:1;所述含镁化合物包括氧化镁和硫酸镁;所述氧化镁和硫酸镁的重量比为1:2;所述粘合剂为预糊化淀粉,所述预糊化淀粉的粘度为500mPa·s,购买于北京宏昌宏科技有限责任公司。所述密度板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将农作物秸秆、木材边角料、含镁化合物、碳酸氢钠加入到氢氧化钠水溶液(质量浓度为2%)中,加热至100℃,浸泡2h,过滤,得混合物1;将粘合剂和混合物1转入高速混合机,混合均匀,静置5h,转入板材挤出设备中挤出成型,得密度板。所述挤出设备中各段温度分别为140℃~145℃、150℃~155℃、160℃~165℃、170℃~175℃。
所述第一底片层原料及制备方法同第二底片层。
所述可降解地板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将表皮层进行UV热处理;UV热处理的光照强度500mJ/cm2;速度为15m/min;
(2)将表皮层通过第一胶粘剂(胶量为8g/m2)贴于密度板表面,得到半成品;
(3)将半成品堆放在托盘上,根据规格要求进行多片锯开槽,静置;
(4)将第一底片层通过第二胶粘剂(胶量为8g/m2)贴于密度板背面,得到可降解地板。
其中,第一胶粘剂和第二胶粘剂的型号为LE-548,购买于无锡莱恩科技有限公司。
所述表皮层的厚度为0.5mm;所述密度板的厚度为6mm;所述第一底片层的厚度为1mm。
实施例2
一种可降解地板,具体实施方式同实施例1,不同点在于,
所述TPU耐磨层的制备原料,按重量份计,包括:TPU树脂100份,增塑剂DOTP 5份,环氧大豆油5份,钙锌复合热稳定剂3.5份,甲基丙烯酸甲酯1份,紫外吸收剂UV-531 0.3份。
所述第二底片层的制备原料按重量份计,包括TPU树脂100份、增塑剂DOTP25份、环氧大豆油10份、钙锌复合热稳定剂3.5份,滑石粉480份,炭黑10份,润滑剂硬脂酸7份。
所述密度板的制备原料,按重量份计,包括农作物秸秆40份、木材边角料45份、无机碱5份、含镁化合物15份,粘合剂15份;所述氢氧化钠和碳酸氢钠的重量比为1:1;所述含镁化合物包括氧化镁和硫酸镁;所述氧化镁和硫酸镁的重量比为1:1;
所述表皮层的厚度为1.5mm;所述密度板的厚度为6mm;所述第一底片层的厚度为0.5mm。
实施例3
一种可降解地板,具体实施方式同实施例1,不同点在于,
所述TPU耐磨层的制备原料,按重量份计,包括:TPU树脂100份,增塑剂DOTP 3.5份,环氧大豆油3份,钙锌复合热稳定剂2份,甲基丙烯酸甲酯0.8份,紫外吸收剂UV-5310.25份。
所述第二底片层的制备原料按重量份计,包括TPU树脂100份、增塑剂DOTP23份、环氧大豆油8份、钙锌复合热稳定剂2.5份,滑石粉4000份,炭黑8份,润滑剂硬脂酸6份。
所述密度板的制备原料,按重量份计,包括农作物秸秆35份、木材边角料42份、无机碱3份、含镁化合物10份,粘合剂12份;所述氢氧化钠和碳酸氢钠的重量比为2:1;所述含镁化合物包括氧化镁和硫酸镁;所述氧化镁和硫酸镁的重量比为1:2;
所述表皮层的厚度为1.0mm;所述密度板的厚度为7mm;所述第一底片层的厚度为1mm。
实施例4
一种可降解地板,具体实施方式同实施例3,不同点在于,所述密度板为玻镁板,所述玻镁板包括以下重量份数的原料:轻烧氧化镁100-120份、七水硫酸镁1-4份、氯化镁0-25份、珍珠岩4-10份、滑石粉2-5份、蒙脱土1-5份,硅烷偶联剂KH550 2-9份、木纤维10-30份、水,其中:水灰比为0.2-0.5。
实施例5
一种可降解地板,具体实施方式同实施例3,不同点在于,所述硅酸钙纤维板包括以下重量份数的原料:消石灰20-30份、硅藻土21-23份、煤灰10-20份、硅灰4.5-5.5份、膨润土2-5份、植物纤维5-10份、填料2~5份、水,其中:水灰比为0.2-0.5。
对比例1
一种可降解地板,具体实施方式同实施例3,不同点在于,所述TPU耐磨层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将原料投料于混合机混合,然后利用挤出机塑化,塑化温度控制为140℃,过滤机过滤,过滤温度110-120℃,经过五辊压延机压延成型,五辊压延机的1号辊的温度为130-135℃,2号辊的温度为130-135℃,3号辊的温度为125-130℃,4号辊的温度为120-125℃,5号辊的温度为120-125℃,冷却收卷。
对比例2
一种可降解地板,具体实施方式同实施例3,不同点在于,所述TPU耐磨层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将原料投料于混合机混合,然后利用挤出机塑化,塑化温度控制为110℃,过滤机过滤,过滤温度110-120℃,经过五辊压延机压延成型,五辊压延机的1号辊的温度为95-100℃,2号辊的温度为95-100℃,3号辊的温度为90-95℃,4号辊的温度为90-95℃,5号辊的温度为90-95℃,冷却收卷。
对比例3
一种可降解地板,具体实施方式同实施例3,不同点在于,所述第一底片层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将原料投料于混合机混合,然后利用密炼机塑化,塑化温度控制为140℃,经过四辊压延机压延成型,四辊压延机的1号辊的温度为110-115℃,2号辊的温度为110-115℃,3号辊的温度为115-110℃,4号辊的温度为95-100℃,冷却,裁剪,得到第二底片层。
对比例4
一种可降解地板,具体实施方式同实施例3,不同点在于,所述氢氧化钠和碳酸氢钠的重量比为6:1。
对比例5
一种可降解地板,具体实施方式同实施例3,不同点在于,所述氢氧化钠和碳酸氢钠的重量比为1:2。
对比例6
一种可降解地板,具体实施方式同实施例3,不同点在于,氧化镁替换为氢氧化镁。
对比例7
一种可降解地板,具体实施方式同实施例3,不同点在于,氧化镁替换为氧化铝。
对比例8
一种可降解地板,具体实施方式同实施例3,不同点在于,所述密度板的制备原料,按重量份计,包括农作物秸秆0份、木材边角料70份、无机碱2份、含镁化合物7份,粘合剂10份。
对比例9
一种可降解地板,具体实施方式同实施例3,不同点在于,所述密度板的制备原料,按重量份计,包括农作物秸秆70份、木材边角料0份、无机碱2份、含镁化合物7份,粘合剂10份;
性能测试
加热后翘曲:加热温度为80℃,单位为mm;
热膨胀系数(24h):MD指顺着彩膜的方向;CD指垂直于彩膜的方向;热膨胀系数为地板随温度升高,其尺寸变化的比率。测试温度为0-40℃。
弯曲强度:单位psi。
烟密度(无烟燃烧):参考ASTME662-03。烟密度的单位为Dm。
表1传统SPC地板与实施例1-3所述可降解地板性能测试
其中,传统SPC指PVC石塑地板,生产厂家为帝高力装饰材料(江苏)有限公司。
为了更好的体现本发明的技术效果,采用好、中、坏进行评分;其中,加热后翘曲在0.6-0.8(包括0.6和0.8)的为优,加热后翘曲在0.8-1.5(包括1.5)的为中;加热后翘曲大于1.5的为差;
热膨胀系数在0.6-0.8(包括0.6和0.8)的为优,在0.8-1.5(包括1.5)的为中;大于1.5的为差;
弯曲强度在2800-2900(包括2800和2900)的为优,在2500-2800(包括2500)的为中;小于2500的为差;
密度在1.2-1.4(包括1.2和1.4)的为优,大于1.4的为中;
烟密度在240-260(包括240和260)的为优,在260-300(包括300)的为中;大于300的为差;
表2对比例地板性能测试
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对发明作其他形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或更改为等同变化的等效实施例,但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改,等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种可降解地板,其特征在于,从上到下依次包括表皮层,密度板,第一底片层;所述表皮层从上到下依次包括TPU耐磨层,装饰层,第二底片层,其中第二底片层与密度板相接触。
2.如权利要求1所述的可降解地板,其特征在于,所述TPU耐磨层,第二底片层的制备原料,按重量份计,均包括:TPU树脂100份,增塑剂2-25份,大豆油1~10份,热稳定剂1.5~3.5份;所述第一底片层为TPU层或发泡层;所述发泡层的原料包括IXPE、PS、EVA、PU、PP、PO、橡胶中的一种。
3.如权利要求1-2任一项所述的可降解地板,其特征在于,所述TPU耐磨层的制备原料,按重量份计,包括:TPU树脂100份,增塑剂2-5份,大豆油1~5份,热稳定剂1.5~3.5份,丙烯酸酯类单体0.5-1份,紫外吸收剂0.2-0.3份。
4.如权利要求1-2任一项所述的可降解地板,其特征在于,所述第一底片层和第二底片层的制备原料相同,按重量份计,均包括TPU树脂100份、增塑剂20-25份、大豆油5~10份、热稳定剂1.5~3.5份,石粉350-480份,炭黑5-10份,润滑剂5-7份。
5.如权利要求1所述的可降解地板,其特征在于,所述密度板选自纤维密度板、玻镁板、硅酸钙纤维板中的一种。
6.如权利要求5所述的可降解地板,其特征在于,所述纤维密度板的制备原料,按重量份计,包括农作物秸秆30-40份、木材边角料40-45份、无机碱2-5份、含镁化合物7-15份,粘合剂10-15份。
7.如权利要求5所述的可降解地板,其特征在于,所述玻镁板包括以下重量份数的原料:轻烧氧化镁100-120份、七水硫酸镁1-4份、氯化镁0-25份、珍珠岩4-10份、滑石粉2-5份、蒙脱土1-5份,KH550 2-9份、木纤维10-30份、水,其中:水灰比为0.2-0.5。
8.如权利要求5所述的可降解地板,其特征在于,所述硅酸钙纤维板包括以下重量份数的原料:消石灰20-30份、硅藻土21-23份、煤灰10-20份、硅灰4.5-5.5份、膨润土2-5份、植物纤维5-10份、填料2~5份、水,其中:水灰比为0.2-0.5。
9.一种如权利要求1-8任一项所述的可降解地板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将表皮层进行UV热处理;
(2)将UV热处理后的表皮层通过第一胶粘剂贴于密度板表面,得到半成品;
(3)将半成品堆放在托盘上,根据规格要求进行多片锯开槽;
(4)将第一底片层通过第二胶粘剂贴于密度板背面,得到可降解地板。
10.如权利要求1-8任一项所述的可降解地板,其特征在于,所述表皮层的厚度为0.5-1.5mm;所述密度板的厚度为3-12mm;所述第一底片层的厚度为0.5-1.5mm。
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