CN111878848B - Nozzle and combustion chamber - Google Patents
Nozzle and combustion chamber Download PDFInfo
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- CN111878848B CN111878848B CN202010803770.5A CN202010803770A CN111878848B CN 111878848 B CN111878848 B CN 111878848B CN 202010803770 A CN202010803770 A CN 202010803770A CN 111878848 B CN111878848 B CN 111878848B
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- nozzle
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- air
- blocking portion
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 179
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 42
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 101001121408 Homo sapiens L-amino-acid oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100026388 L-amino-acid oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100012902 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FIG2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010014561 Emphysema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010033799 Paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007954 hypoxia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/283—Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
- Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及燃气轮机技术领域，公开了一种喷嘴及燃烧室，该喷嘴包括喷管、插设在喷管内的液体燃料喷射部以及液体燃料阻挡部，其中：喷管上设有空气入口，空气通过空气入口进入喷管内；液体燃料喷射部用于向液体燃料阻挡部的表面喷射液体燃料。上述实施例中，通过液体燃料与固定壁面之间的撞击以及空气助雾化使液体燃料形成细小的微粒，增强了雾化效果，保证了液体燃料与空气的充分混合。
The present invention relates to the technical field of gas turbines, and discloses a nozzle and a combustion chamber, wherein the nozzle comprises a nozzle, a liquid fuel injection part inserted in the nozzle, and a liquid fuel blocking part, wherein: an air inlet is provided on the nozzle, and air enters the nozzle through the air inlet; the liquid fuel injection part is used to spray liquid fuel onto the surface of the liquid fuel blocking part. In the above embodiment, the liquid fuel is formed into fine particles by the collision between the liquid fuel and the fixed wall surface and the air-assisted atomization, thereby enhancing the atomization effect and ensuring the full mixing of the liquid fuel and the air.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及燃气轮机技术领域，尤其涉及一种喷嘴及燃烧室。The present invention relates to the technical field of gas turbines, and in particular to a nozzle and a combustion chamber.
背景技术Background Art
燃气轮机是一种把燃料的化学能转化为机械能、电能及热能的高端能源装备，具有热效率高、功率密度大、污染物排放低等特点，广泛应用在分布式能源、热电联产、飞机坦克动力等领域。A gas turbine is a high-end energy equipment that converts the chemical energy of fuel into mechanical energy, electrical energy and thermal energy. It has the characteristics of high thermal efficiency, high power density and low pollutant emissions. It is widely used in distributed energy, cogeneration, aircraft and tank power and other fields.
燃气轮机及航空发动机燃烧产物中含有NOx(氮氧化物)，NOx主要包含NO和NO2，其中，NO是一种无色无臭的气体，大气中的NO浓度如果达到了一定的程度，就会与血液中的血色素结合，造成血液缺氧从而引起中枢神经麻痹；NO2是一种红色有毒气体，对人体呼吸器官有刺激作用，容易引起肺气肿和肺癌，NO2还能破坏臭氧形成臭氧空洞。鉴于NOx对人体以及环境的危害，要尽可能采取技术措施降低NOx的排放量。The combustion products of gas turbines and aircraft engines contain NOx (nitrogen oxides), which mainly include NO and NO2. NO is a colorless and odorless gas. If the NO concentration in the atmosphere reaches a certain level, it will combine with hemoglobin in the blood, causing blood hypoxia and thus central nervous system paralysis; NO2 is a red toxic gas that irritates the human respiratory organs and easily causes emphysema and lung cancer. NO2 can also destroy ozone to form ozone holes. In view of the harm of NOx to the human body and the environment, technical measures should be taken as much as possible to reduce the emission of NOx.
在燃气轮机中，燃烧室内燃料燃烧时的温度对NOx的影响非常大，NOx的产量和生成速度随着燃烧温度的升高呈指数增长。所以降低NOx的排放量，关键在于使燃料与空气充分混合，从而将燃烧室内的温度控制在较低水平(一般为1700K-1900K，若温度更低会影响燃烧效率)。燃气轮机所使用的燃料包括气体燃料以及液体燃料，气体燃料容易与空气进行混合，而液体燃料需要雾化处理以提高与空气的混合效果，现有技术中，一般采用空气助雾化技术，即液体燃料在喷出后，在空气流的作用下破碎成细小的微粒，但仅仅通过空气助雾化不能达到良好的雾化效果，从而影响液体燃料与空气的充分混合。In a gas turbine, the temperature of the fuel burning in the combustion chamber has a great impact on NOx. The output and generation rate of NOx increase exponentially with the increase of combustion temperature. Therefore, the key to reducing NOx emissions is to fully mix the fuel and air, so as to control the temperature in the combustion chamber at a lower level (generally 1700K-1900K, if the temperature is lower, it will affect the combustion efficiency). The fuels used in gas turbines include gas fuel and liquid fuel. Gaseous fuel is easy to mix with air, while liquid fuel needs to be atomized to improve the mixing effect with air. In the prior art, air-assisted atomization technology is generally used, that is, after the liquid fuel is sprayed, it is broken into fine particles under the action of air flow, but a good atomization effect cannot be achieved by air-assisted atomization alone, which affects the full mixing of liquid fuel and air.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明提供一种喷嘴及燃烧室，用以解决现有技术中存在雾化效果不佳、液体燃料与空气混合不充分的问题。The invention provides a nozzle and a combustion chamber, which are used to solve the problems of poor atomization effect and insufficient mixing of liquid fuel and air in the prior art.
本发明实施例提供了一种喷嘴，该喷嘴包括喷管、插设在所述喷管内的液体燃料喷射部以及液体燃料阻挡部，其中：An embodiment of the present invention provides a nozzle, which includes a nozzle, a liquid fuel injection portion inserted in the nozzle, and a liquid fuel blocking portion, wherein:
所述喷管上设有空气入口，空气通过所述空气入口进入所述喷管内；The nozzle is provided with an air inlet, and air enters the nozzle through the air inlet;
所述液体燃料喷射部用于向所述液体燃料阻挡部的表面喷射液体燃料。The liquid fuel injection portion is used to inject liquid fuel toward a surface of the liquid fuel blocking portion.
上述实施例中，液体燃料在与空气的混合过程中，除在空气流的作用下破碎成细小的微粒外，受液体燃料阻挡部的阻挡，液体燃料喷出后还与液体燃料阻挡部的表面发生撞击，在撞击作用的影响下破碎成细小的微粒，从而使液体燃料可以与空气进行充分混合，保证了液体燃料的燃料效果。In the above embodiment, during the mixing process of the liquid fuel with the air, in addition to being broken into fine particles under the action of the air flow, the liquid fuel is blocked by the liquid fuel blocking portion, and collides with the surface of the liquid fuel blocking portion after being sprayed out, and is broken into fine particles under the influence of the impact, so that the liquid fuel can be fully mixed with the air, thereby ensuring the fuel effect of the liquid fuel.
可选的，所述液体燃料阻挡部包括溅板，所述溅板的设置方向与液体燃料的喷射方向成设定的夹角。Optionally, the liquid fuel blocking portion includes a splash plate, and a setting direction of the splash plate forms a set angle with a spraying direction of the liquid fuel.
可选的，所述液体燃料阻挡部内设置有气体燃料通道，且所述液体燃料阻挡部表面设有与所述气体燃料通道连通的多个喷气孔。该喷嘴能够同时适用于液体燃料以及气体燃料，适应性强，且气体燃料与液体燃料之间的切换方便快捷，并能保证气体燃料以及液体燃料与空气的充分混合。Optionally, a gas fuel channel is provided in the liquid fuel blocking portion, and a plurality of injection holes connected to the gas fuel channel are provided on the surface of the liquid fuel blocking portion. The nozzle can be used for both liquid fuel and gas fuel, has strong adaptability, and the switching between gas fuel and liquid fuel is convenient and fast, and can ensure that the gas fuel and liquid fuel are fully mixed with air.
可选的，所述溅板沿所述喷管的轴线方向设置，所述液体燃料喷射部穿过所述喷管的侧壁并朝向所述溅板的表面设置。Optionally, the splash plate is arranged along the axial direction of the nozzle, and the liquid fuel injection portion passes through the side wall of the nozzle and is arranged toward the surface of the splash plate.
可选的，所述液体燃料阻挡部包括沿气流的流动方向依次排列且连接的第一部分以及第二部分，所述第一部分用于设置所述气体燃料通道以及所述多个喷气孔，所述第二部分用于承受液体燃料射流的撞击。Optionally, the liquid fuel blocking portion includes a first part and a second part which are sequentially arranged and connected along the flow direction of the gas flow, the first part is used to set the gas fuel channel and the multiple injection holes, and the second part is used to withstand the impact of the liquid fuel jet.
可选的，所述空气入口包括位于所述喷管端部的第一入口以及位于所述喷管侧壁上的多个第二入口，每个第二入口的轴线方向与所述喷管内气体的流动方向之间的夹角为锐角。从第二入口进入喷管的空气一方面起到补气的作用，另一方面，还可以破坏附着在喷管内壁上的液膜。Optionally, the air inlet includes a first inlet located at the end of the nozzle and a plurality of second inlets located on the side wall of the nozzle, and the angle between the axis direction of each second inlet and the flow direction of the gas in the nozzle is an acute angle. The air entering the nozzle from the second inlet plays the role of replenishing air on the one hand, and on the other hand, can also destroy the liquid film attached to the inner wall of the nozzle.
可选的，所述多个第二入口沿所述喷管的轴线方向相错设置。Optionally, the plurality of second inlets are staggered along the axial direction of the nozzle.
可选的，所述喷嘴还包括套设在所述喷管外的套筒，所述套筒与所述喷管之间的间隙形成空气通道，且所述套筒的内壁上设有环形的凸台；Optionally, the nozzle further comprises a sleeve sleeved outside the nozzle, a gap between the sleeve and the nozzle forms an air passage, and an annular boss is provided on the inner wall of the sleeve;
所述液体燃料阻挡部固定在所述凸台上。The liquid fuel blocking portion is fixed to the boss.
可选的，所述液体燃料阻挡部的表面为平面或曲面。Optionally, the surface of the liquid fuel blocking portion is a plane or a curved surface.
本发明实施例还提供了一种燃烧室，包括上述任一项技术方案中的喷嘴，该喷嘴用于向火焰筒内喷射燃料以及空气的混合物，两者混合过程中，除采用空气助雾化外，还通过液体燃料与固体壁面之间的撞击使液体燃料形成细小的微粒，增强了雾化效果，保证了液体燃料与空气之间的充分混合。An embodiment of the present invention also provides a combustion chamber, including the nozzle of any of the above-mentioned technical solutions, which is used to spray a mixture of fuel and air into a flame tube. During the mixing process of the two, in addition to using air to assist atomization, the liquid fuel is formed into fine particles through the collision between the liquid fuel and the solid wall, thereby enhancing the atomization effect and ensuring sufficient mixing between the liquid fuel and the air.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明实施例提供的喷嘴的结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a nozzle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的液体燃料阻挡部的结构示意图；FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid fuel blocking portion provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的燃烧室与喷嘴的组装示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a combustion chamber and a nozzle provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
附图标记：Reference numerals:
10-喷管10-Nozzle
101-第一入口 102-第二入口101-First entrance 102-Second entrance
20-液体燃料喷射部20-Liquid fuel injection unit
30-液体燃料阻挡部30-Liquid fuel blocking part
301-气体燃料通道 302-喷气孔301-gas fuel channel 302-jet hole
31-溅板 32-底座31-Splash plate 32-Base
40-套筒40-Sleeve
50-卡套接头50-ferrule fitting
60-机匣60-Receiver
70-火焰筒70-Flame Tube
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
本发明实施例提供了一种喷嘴，该喷嘴中，通过液体燃料与固定壁面之间的撞击以及空气助雾化使液体燃料形成细小的微粒，增强了雾化效果，保证了液体燃料与空气的充分混合。An embodiment of the present invention provides a nozzle, in which the liquid fuel is formed into fine particles through the collision between the liquid fuel and a fixed wall surface and air-assisted atomization, thereby enhancing the atomization effect and ensuring sufficient mixing of the liquid fuel and the air.
具体的，该喷嘴包括喷管、插设在喷管内的液体燃料喷射部以及液体燃料阻挡部，其中：Specifically, the nozzle includes a nozzle, a liquid fuel injection portion inserted in the nozzle, and a liquid fuel blocking portion, wherein:
喷管上设有空气入口，空气通过空气入口进入喷管内；The nozzle is provided with an air inlet, and air enters the nozzle through the air inlet;
液体燃料喷射部用于向液体燃料阻挡部的表面喷射液体燃料。The liquid fuel injection portion is used to inject the liquid fuel toward the surface of the liquid fuel blocking portion.
上述实施例中，液体燃料喷出后形成射流，液体燃料射流撞击在液体燃料阻挡部的表面，破碎后形成细小的微粒，达到雾化效果；未雾化的液体燃料附着在液体燃料阻挡部的表面形成液膜，液膜在重力作用下沿液体燃料阻挡部的表面流动，脱离液体燃料阻挡部后在空气流的作用下雾化成细小的微粒，这样，通过撞击雾化以及液膜雾化提高了液体燃料的雾化效果，保证了液体燃料与空气的充分混合。In the above embodiment, the liquid fuel forms a jet after being sprayed out, and the liquid fuel jet hits the surface of the liquid fuel blocking portion and is broken into fine particles to achieve an atomization effect; the unatomized liquid fuel adheres to the surface of the liquid fuel blocking portion to form a liquid film, and the liquid film flows along the surface of the liquid fuel blocking portion under the action of gravity, and after separating from the liquid fuel blocking portion, it is atomized into fine particles under the action of the air flow. In this way, the atomization effect of the liquid fuel is improved through impact atomization and liquid film atomization, and the full mixing of the liquid fuel and the air is ensured.
为了更加清楚的了解本发明实施例提供的喷嘴的结构，现结合附图进行详细的描述。In order to more clearly understand the structure of the nozzle provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a detailed description is now given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，该喷嘴包括喷管10、插设在喷管10内的液体燃料喷射部20以及液体燃料阻挡部30，其中，喷管10上设有空气入口，外部空气通过该空气入口进入喷管10内，喷管10与火焰筒70连通，用于向火焰筒70内喷射空气与燃料的混合物；液体燃料阻挡部30设置在液体燃料的喷射路径上，液体燃料喷射部20用于向液体燃料阻挡部30的表面喷射液体燃料；液体燃料喷出后形成射流，液体燃料射流撞击在液体燃料阻挡部30的表面，破碎后形成细小的微粒，达到雾化效果，未雾化的液体燃料附着在液体燃料阻挡部30的表面形成液膜，液膜在重力作用下沿液体燃料阻挡部30的表面流动，脱离液体燃料阻挡部30后在空气流的作用下雾化成细小的微粒，这样，通过撞击雾化以及液膜雾化提高了液体燃料的雾化效果，保证了液体燃料与空气的充分混合。As shown in FIG. 1 , the nozzle comprises a nozzle 10, a liquid fuel injection part 20 inserted in the nozzle 10, and a liquid fuel blocking part 30, wherein the nozzle 10 is provided with an air inlet, through which external air enters the nozzle 10, and the nozzle 10 is connected with a flame tube 70 for injecting a mixture of air and fuel into the flame tube 70; the liquid fuel blocking part 30 is arranged on the injection path of the liquid fuel, and the liquid fuel injection part 20 is used to inject the liquid fuel onto the surface of the liquid fuel blocking part 30; the liquid fuel forms a jet after being ejected, and the liquid fuel jet hits the surface of the liquid fuel blocking part 30, and forms fine particles after being broken, so as to achieve an atomization effect, and the unatomized liquid fuel adheres to the surface of the liquid fuel blocking part 30 to form a liquid film, and the liquid film flows along the surface of the liquid fuel blocking part 30 under the action of gravity, and after being separated from the liquid fuel blocking part 30, it is atomized into fine particles under the action of the air flow, so that the atomization effect of the liquid fuel is improved by impact atomization and liquid film atomization, and the full mixing of the liquid fuel and the air is ensured.
液体燃料喷射部20可以向一个方向喷射形成一股射流，也可以沿不同的方向喷射形成多股射流，液体燃料的喷射方向可以与液体燃料阻挡部30的表面垂直，也可以形成介于0°到90°之间的锐角。针对液体燃料喷射部20喷出的每一股射流，液体燃料阻挡部30都能与该股射流发生碰撞，从而阻截液体燃料射流沿原方向的流动，而使液体燃料在液体燃料阻挡部30的表面向四周溅射，这样，液体燃料在撞击作用下破碎成细小的微粒，达到雾化效果，具体的，液体燃料阻挡部30的表面可以为平面，也可以为曲面。The liquid fuel injection part 20 can spray in one direction to form a jet, or spray in different directions to form multiple jets. The spray direction of the liquid fuel can be perpendicular to the surface of the liquid fuel blocking part 30, or form an acute angle between 0° and 90°. For each jet sprayed by the liquid fuel injection part 20, the liquid fuel blocking part 30 can collide with the jet, thereby blocking the flow of the liquid fuel jet in the original direction, and causing the liquid fuel to splash around on the surface of the liquid fuel blocking part 30. In this way, the liquid fuel is broken into fine particles under the impact, achieving an atomization effect. Specifically, the surface of the liquid fuel blocking part 30 can be a plane or a curved surface.
为了使该喷嘴能够同时适用于液体燃料以及气体燃料，可以在液体燃料阻挡部30内设置气体燃料通道301，并在液体燃料阻挡部30表面设置与气体燃料通道301连通的多个喷气孔302，这样，在需要燃烧气体燃料时，该液体燃料阻挡部30可以用于向喷管10内喷射气体燃料，气体燃料与空气在喷管10内先进行预混合，然后进入火焰筒70内发生燃烧反应；在需要燃烧液体燃料时，由液体燃料喷射部20朝向液体燃料阻挡部30的表面喷射液体燃料，液体燃料发生撞击雾化以及液膜雾化，增强了与空气的混合效果。该喷嘴适应性强，气体燃料与液体燃料之间的切换方便快捷，且能保证气体燃料以及液体燃料与空气的充分混合。具体设置时，可以在液体燃料阻挡部30上进行区域划分，使一部分用于喷射气体燃料，一部分用于阻截液体燃料，具体的，该液体燃料阻挡部30包括沿气流的流动方向依次排列且连接的第一部分以及第二部分，第一部分用于设置气体燃料通道301以及多个喷气孔302，第二部分用于承受液体燃料射流的撞击，将气体燃料通道301以及喷气孔302设置在第一部分可以延长气体燃料与空气的雾化路径，保证两者的充分混合。In order to make the nozzle suitable for both liquid fuel and gas fuel, a gas fuel channel 301 can be set in the liquid fuel blocking part 30, and a plurality of injection holes 302 connected to the gas fuel channel 301 can be set on the surface of the liquid fuel blocking part 30. In this way, when it is necessary to burn gas fuel, the liquid fuel blocking part 30 can be used to inject gas fuel into the nozzle 10, and the gas fuel and air are first premixed in the nozzle 10, and then enter the flame tube 70 to undergo a combustion reaction; when it is necessary to burn liquid fuel, the liquid fuel injection part 20 injects liquid fuel toward the surface of the liquid fuel blocking part 30, and the liquid fuel undergoes impact atomization and liquid film atomization, thereby enhancing the mixing effect with the air. The nozzle has strong adaptability, and the switching between gas fuel and liquid fuel is convenient and quick, and can ensure the full mixing of gas fuel and liquid fuel with air. In the specific setting, the liquid fuel blocking portion 30 can be divided into areas, so that one part is used to inject gas fuel and the other part is used to block liquid fuel. Specifically, the liquid fuel blocking portion 30 includes a first part and a second part which are arranged and connected in sequence along the flow direction of the gas flow. The first part is used to set the gas fuel channel 301 and a plurality of injection holes 302, and the second part is used to withstand the impact of the liquid fuel jet. Setting the gas fuel channel 301 and the injection holes 302 in the first part can extend the atomization path of the gas fuel and the air, and ensure sufficient mixing of the two.
液体燃料阻挡部30的目的在于提供与液体燃料射流发生碰撞的固体壁面，其结构有多种形式，在一个具体的实施例中，该液体燃料阻挡部30包括溅板31，溅板31的设置方向与液体燃料喷射部20的喷射方向成设定的夹角，该夹角可以理解为大于0°小于等于90°的任意一个角度。如图1所示，溅板31沿喷管10的轴线方向设置，液体燃料喷射部20穿过喷管10的侧壁并朝向溅板31的表面设置，其中，溅板31的表面为平面，液体燃料喷射部20为直射式喷嘴，溅板31与该直射式喷嘴之间的夹角介于30°至150°之间，液体燃料喷出后撞击溅板31的表面，液体燃料在撞击作用下破碎形成细小的微粒，形成雾化，未雾化的部分附着在溅板31表面形成液膜并沿溅板31表面向下游流动直至脱离溅板31，脱离溅板31后的这部分燃料在空气的作用下破碎成细小的微粒，形成雾化。另外，溅板31的表面还可以为曲面，液体燃料喷射部20还可以为能够同时向多个方向喷射液体燃料的燃料喷射组件。The purpose of the liquid fuel blocking portion 30 is to provide a solid wall surface that collides with the liquid fuel jet. Its structure has various forms. In a specific embodiment, the liquid fuel blocking portion 30 includes a splash plate 31. The setting direction of the splash plate 31 forms a set angle with the injection direction of the liquid fuel injection portion 20. The angle can be understood as any angle greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90°. As shown in FIG1 , the splash plate 31 is arranged along the axial direction of the nozzle 10, and the liquid fuel injection part 20 passes through the side wall of the nozzle 10 and is arranged toward the surface of the splash plate 31, wherein the surface of the splash plate 31 is a plane, the liquid fuel injection part 20 is a straight-injection nozzle, and the angle between the splash plate 31 and the straight-injection nozzle is between 30° and 150°. After the liquid fuel is ejected, it hits the surface of the splash plate 31, and the liquid fuel is broken into fine particles under the impact, forming atomization, and the unatomized part adheres to the surface of the splash plate 31 to form a liquid film and flows downstream along the surface of the splash plate 31 until it is separated from the splash plate 31. This part of the fuel after being separated from the splash plate 31 is broken into fine particles under the action of air, forming atomization. In addition, the surface of the splash plate 31 can also be a curved surface, and the liquid fuel injection part 20 can also be a fuel injection assembly that can simultaneously spray liquid fuel in multiple directions.
继续参考图1，溅板31内设置有气体燃料通道301，且溅板31表面设有与气体燃料通道301连通的多个喷气孔302，溅板31的上段部分即第一部分，溅板31的下段部分即第二部分，气体燃料通道301以及喷气孔302设置在第一部分，气体燃料通道301的轴线方向与喷管10的轴线方向重合，喷气孔302的轴线方向与喷管10的轴线方向垂直，形成直射式喷气孔302。Continuing with reference to FIG1 , a gas fuel channel 301 is provided in the splash plate 31, and a plurality of jet holes 302 connected to the gas fuel channel 301 are provided on the surface of the splash plate 31. The upper portion of the splash plate 31 is the first portion, and the lower portion of the splash plate 31 is the second portion. The gas fuel channel 301 and the jet holes 302 are provided in the first portion. The axial direction of the gas fuel channel 301 coincides with the axial direction of the nozzle 10, and the axial direction of the jet holes 302 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the nozzle 10, forming a direct jet hole 302.
该喷嘴还包括套设在喷管10外的套筒40，套筒40与喷管10之间的间隙形成空气通道，且套筒40的内壁上设有环形的凸台，液体燃料阻挡部30固定在凸台上。如图2所示，液体燃料阻挡部30除溅板31外，还包括底座32，溅板31与底座32固定连接，在连接时，可以通过卡套接头50将底座32抵压在凸台上，并使溅板31延伸至喷管10内，溅板31内的气体燃料通道301与供气管路连通。The nozzle also includes a sleeve 40 sleeved outside the nozzle 10, the gap between the sleeve 40 and the nozzle 10 forms an air channel, and an annular boss is provided on the inner wall of the sleeve 40, and the liquid fuel blocking part 30 is fixed on the boss. As shown in FIG2, the liquid fuel blocking part 30 includes a base 32 in addition to the splash plate 31, and the splash plate 31 is fixedly connected to the base 32. When connected, the base 32 can be pressed against the boss through the ferrule joint 50, and the splash plate 31 is extended into the nozzle 10, and the gas fuel channel 301 in the splash plate 31 is connected to the gas supply pipeline.
外部空气进入空气通道后，经喷管10上的空气入口进入喷管10内部，具体的，如图1所示，空气入口包括位于喷管10端部的第一入口101以及位于喷管10侧壁上的多个第二入口102，每个第二入口102的轴线方向与喷管10内气体的流动方向之间的夹角为锐角，外部空气一部分通过位于喷管10端部的第一入口101进入喷管10，一部分从位于喷管10侧壁的第二入口102进入喷管10内，从第二入口102进入喷管10内部的空气一方面起到补气的作用，另一方面，由于这部分空气沿气体的流动方向斜射入喷管10内，还可以破坏附着在喷管10内壁上的液膜。进一步的，这些第二入口102沿喷管10的轴线方向相错设置，如，这些第二入口102分成多组，该多组第二入口102沿喷管10的轴线方向间隔设置。After the external air enters the air passage, it enters the interior of the nozzle 10 through the air inlet on the nozzle 10. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1 , the air inlet includes a first inlet 101 located at the end of the nozzle 10 and a plurality of second inlets 102 located on the side wall of the nozzle 10. The angle between the axis direction of each second inlet 102 and the flow direction of the gas in the nozzle 10 is an acute angle. A portion of the external air enters the nozzle 10 through the first inlet 101 located at the end of the nozzle 10, and a portion of the external air enters the nozzle 10 from the second inlet 102 located on the side wall of the nozzle 10. The air entering the interior of the nozzle 10 from the second inlet 102 plays a role of air replenishment on the one hand, and on the other hand, since this portion of air is obliquely injected into the nozzle 10 along the flow direction of the gas, it can also destroy the liquid film attached to the inner wall of the nozzle 10. Further, these second inlets 102 are staggered along the axis direction of the nozzle 10, such as these second inlets 102 are divided into multiple groups, and the multiple groups of second inlets 102 are arranged at intervals along the axis direction of the nozzle 10.
本发明实施例还提供了一种燃烧室，包括上述任一项技术方案中的喷嘴，如图3所示，该燃烧室为环形燃烧室，主要包括机匣60、火焰筒70以及多个喷嘴，每个喷嘴上的套筒40与机匣60连接，位于套筒40内的喷管10伸入火焰筒70内，压气机压缩后的空气经扩压器进入机匣60和火焰筒70之间的环腔，并由环腔进入套筒40与喷管10之间的空气通道内，再经喷管10上的第一入口101以及第二入口102进入喷管10内；液体燃料喷射部20向喷管10内喷射液体燃料，液体燃料与空气的混合过程中，除采用空气助雾化外，还通过液体燃料与固体壁面之间的撞击使液体燃料形成细小的微粒，增强了雾化效果，保证了液体燃料与空气之间的充分混合，经喷管10喷出的混合气体在火焰筒70内发生燃烧反应，形成高温高压的燃气推动涡轮做功。另外，通过在液体燃料阻挡部30内设置气体燃料通道301以及喷气孔302还可以使该喷嘴能够喷射气体燃料，增强了适应性。The embodiment of the present invention further provides a combustion chamber, including the nozzle in any of the above technical solutions, as shown in Figure 3, the combustion chamber is an annular combustion chamber, mainly including a casing 60, a flame tube 70 and a plurality of nozzles, the sleeve 40 on each nozzle is connected to the casing 60, the nozzle 10 located in the sleeve 40 extends into the flame tube 70, the air compressed by the compressor enters the annular cavity between the casing 60 and the flame tube 70 through the diffuser, and enters the air channel between the sleeve 40 and the nozzle 10 from the annular cavity, and then enters the nozzle 10 through the first inlet 101 and the second inlet 102 on the nozzle 10; the liquid fuel injection part 20 injects liquid fuel into the nozzle 10, and in the mixing process of the liquid fuel and the air, in addition to using air to assist atomization, the liquid fuel is also formed into fine particles through the collision between the liquid fuel and the solid wall, thereby enhancing the atomization effect and ensuring the full mixing between the liquid fuel and the air, and the mixed gas ejected from the nozzle 10 undergoes a combustion reaction in the flame tube 70 to form high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas to drive the turbine to do work. In addition, by providing the gas fuel passage 301 and the injection hole 302 in the liquid fuel blocking portion 30, the nozzle can also be enabled to inject the gas fuel, thereby enhancing the adaptability.
通过以上描述可以看出，本发明实施例除采用空气助雾化外，还通过液体燃料与液体燃料阻挡部之间的撞击形成细小的微粒，增强了雾化效果，保证了液体燃料与空气的充分混合，并且，通过在液体燃料阻挡部内设置气体燃料通道以及喷气孔还可以使该喷嘴能够喷射气体燃料，增强了适应性。It can be seen from the above description that in addition to using air to assist atomization, the embodiment of the present invention also forms fine particles through the collision between the liquid fuel and the liquid fuel blocking portion, thereby enhancing the atomization effect and ensuring sufficient mixing of the liquid fuel and the air. In addition, by arranging a gas fuel channel and an injection hole in the liquid fuel blocking portion, the nozzle can also spray gas fuel, thereby enhancing adaptability.
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
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| JPS5952556A (en) * | 1982-09-17 | 1984-03-27 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | atomization device |
| CN1187601A (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-07-15 | 联合工艺公司 | Centerbody for two stream tangential entry nozzle |
| EP0902233B1 (en) * | 1997-09-15 | 2003-03-12 | ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd | Combined pressurised atomising nozzle |
| JP2004101081A (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2004-04-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Fuel nozzle |
| GB2404729B (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2008-01-23 | Rolls Royce Plc | Fuel injection |
| US8555648B2 (en) * | 2010-02-12 | 2013-10-15 | General Electric Company | Fuel injector nozzle |
| JP2016540915A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2016-12-28 | ノストラム エナジー ピーティーイー．リミテッドＮｏｓｔｒｕｍ Ｅｎｅｒｇｙ Ｐｔｅ．Ｌｔｄ． | Gas-assisted fluid atomization injector |
| CN204084463U (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2015-01-07 | 北京华清燃气轮机与煤气化联合循环工程技术有限公司 | A kind of head of combustion chamber structure with cooling device |
| CN105402767B (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2018-07-24 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Liquid fuel igniting device and liquid-fuel burner |
| DE102016111582B4 (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2019-12-05 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Atomizing device, combustion chamber, burner and method for generating a fuel spray |
| CN109681866B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2024-04-16 | 何建国 | Nozzle for cracking burner |
| CN210688310U (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-06-05 | 南京理工大学 | Gas-liquid two-phase atomizing nozzle |
| CN110454810B (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2020-06-30 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Fuel Atomizing Nozzle Using Single Electrode Plasma Jet and Control Method |
| CN111059574B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-01-25 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Swirl cup type dual-fuel air atomizing nozzle structure |
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