CN111868563B - Sensor at lower part of display - Google Patents
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- CN111868563B CN111868563B CN202080001876.1A CN202080001876A CN111868563B CN 111868563 B CN111868563 B CN 111868563B CN 202080001876 A CN202080001876 A CN 202080001876A CN 111868563 B CN111868563 B CN 111868563B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/46—Indirect determination of position data
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
- G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
- G01V8/20—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers using multiple transmitters or receivers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sensor at the lower part of a display. The sensor at the lower portion of the display may include: an optical sensor including a light irradiation section that irradiates sensing light for sensing an object located outside the display, a first light receiving section and a second light receiving section that detect external reflected light in which the sensing light is reflected from the object and internal reflected light in which the sensing light is reflected inside the display; a first sensor polarizing layer disposed on an upper portion of the first light receiving part and having a polarizing axis inclined at a first angle; a second sensor polarizing layer disposed on an upper portion of the second light receiving part and having a polarizing axis inclined at a second angle; and a sensor retardation layer disposed on an upper portion of the sensor polarizing layer and having a slow axis inclined at a first angle with respect to the polarizing axis.
Description
This application claims the benefit of PCT international application No. PCT/CN2020/072108, filed on even 15/1/2020, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a photosensor disposed below a display.
Background
Optical sensors are used not only in mobile electronic devices such as mobile phones and tablet computers, but also in video electronic devices such as televisions and monitors. The light sensor includes, for example, an illuminance sensor, a proximity illuminance sensor, and the like. The proximity sensor is a light sensor that measures a distance between a user and the electronic device, and the illuminance sensor is a light sensor that senses brightness around the electronic device. A proximity illumination sensor that combines an optical proximity sensor with an illumination sensor implements both sensors in a single package.
Recently, designs in which the display occupies almost the entire front surface of the electronic device have increased. Although the size of the display is increased according to the demand for a large screen, it is necessary to secure at least a partial area of the front surface to dispose the camera, particularly, the proximity illuminance sensor. A proximity sensor using ultrasonic waves or the like can be applied to a structure in which a front surface is covered with a display, but it is difficult to integrate a function of sensing illuminance. On the other hand, although the illuminance sensor may be located in a region other than the front surface, it may not sense ambient light due to a housing for protecting the electronic device. Therefore, although the most ideal position at which the proximity illuminance sensor can be provided is the front surface of the electronic device, in a design in which the display occupies the entire front surface, it is difficult to secure a position at which a commonly used proximity illuminance sensor is disposed.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a light sensor which can be applied to an electronic device designed such that a display occupies the entire front surface.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a sensor at a lower portion of a display, the sensor at the lower portion of the display being disposed at a lower portion of the display including a pixel generating light, a display retardation layer disposed at an upper portion of the pixel, and a display polarizing layer. The sensor at the lower portion of the display may include: a light sensor including a light irradiation unit that irradiates sensing light for sensing an object located outside the display, a first light receiving unit and a second light receiving unit that detect external reflected light in which the sensing light is reflected from the object and internal reflected light in which the sensing light is reflected inside the display; a first sensor polarizing layer disposed above the first light receiving part and having a polarizing axis inclined at a first angle; a second sensor polarizing layer disposed above the second photoreceivers and having a polarizing axis inclined at a second angle; and a sensor retardation layer disposed on an upper portion of the sensor polarizing layer and having a slow axis inclined at a first angle with respect to the polarizing axis. The first sensor polarizing layer and the sensor retardation layer allow external reflection light to pass therethrough and allow internal reflection light to pass therethrough at a blocking transmittance ratio of internal reflection, and the second sensor polarizing layer and the sensor retardation layer allow external reflection light and internal reflection light to pass therethrough at a blocking transmittance ratio of light other than the external reflection light.
According to one embodiment, the brightness of the external reflection light can be calculated by using the blocking transmission ratio of the external light and the blocking transmission ratio of the internal reflection light.
According to an embodiment, the first sensor polarizing layer and the sensor retardation layer may convert the sensing light into sensing sensor circular polarized light such that the sensing sensor circular polarized light passes through the display polarizing layer, and the sensing sensor circular polarized light may be converted into sensing display linear polarized light having the same polarization axis as the polarization axis of the display polarizing layer through the display retardation layer.
According to an embodiment, the slow axis of the sensor retardation layer may be parallel to the slow axis of the display retardation layer, and the polarization axis of the display polarizing layer may be tilted at a second angle with respect to the slow axis of the display retardation layer.
According to an embodiment, the difference between the second angle and the first angle may be 90 degrees.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a sensor at a lower portion of a display, the sensor at the lower portion of the display being disposed at a lower portion of the display including a pixel generating light, a display retardation layer disposed at an upper portion of the pixel, and a display polarizing layer. The sensor at the lower portion of the display may include: an optical sensor including a light irradiation section that irradiates sensing light for sensing an object located outside the display, a first light receiving section and a second light receiving section that detect external reflected light in which the sensing light is reflected from the object and internal reflected light in which the sensing light is reflected inside the display; a sensor polarizing layer disposed on an upper portion of the optical sensor and having a polarizing axis inclined at a first angle; a first sensor retardation layer disposed on the upper portion of the sensor polarizing layer corresponding to the first photoreceivers, and having a slow axis inclined at a first angle with respect to the polarizing axis; and a second sensor retardation layer disposed on the upper portion of the sensor polarizing layer corresponding to the second photoreceivers, and having a slow axis inclined at a second angle with respect to the polarizing axis. The sensor polarizing layer and the first sensor retardation layer allow external reflection light to pass therethrough and internal reflection light to pass therethrough at a blocking transmittance ratio of internal reflection, and the sensor polarizing layer and the second sensor retardation layer allow external reflection light and internal reflection light to pass therethrough at a blocking transmittance ratio of light other than the external reflection light.
According to one embodiment, the brightness of the external reflection light can be calculated by using the blocking transmission ratio of the external light and the blocking transmission ratio of the internal reflection light.
According to an embodiment, the sensor polarizing layer and the first sensor retardation layer may convert the sensing light into sensing sensor circular polarized light such that the sensing sensor circular polarized light passes through the display polarizing layer, and the sensing sensor circular polarized light may be converted into sensing display linear polarized light having the same polarizing axis as the polarizing axis of the display polarizing layer by the display retardation layer.
According to an embodiment, the slow axis of the first sensor retardation layer may be parallel to the slow axis of the display retardation layer, and the polarization axis of the display polarizing layer may be tilted at a second angle with respect to the slow axis of the display retardation layer.
According to an embodiment, the block transmittance of the external light may be measured in a state where the light irradiation section is turned off, and the block transmittance of the internal reflection may be measured in a state where there is no external reflection light.
The illuminance sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention can be suitably used for an electronic device of such a design that the display occupies the entirety of the front surface.
Drawings
The invention will be described below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. For the sake of understanding, the same constituent elements are denoted by the same reference numerals throughout the drawings. The structures shown in the drawings are illustrative of the embodiments of the present invention only and do not limit the scope of the present invention. In particular, some components are shown in the drawings with some exaggerations to facilitate understanding of the invention. Since the drawings are for the purpose of understanding the present invention, it is to be understood that widths, thicknesses, and the like of components shown in the drawings may vary in actual implementation.
Fig. 1 is a diagram for schematically illustrating the structure of a sensor at the lower part of a display.
Fig. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating the principle of measuring the blocking transmittance of external light.
Fig. 3 is a diagram for schematically illustrating an embodiment of a sensor at a lower portion of a display.
Fig. 4 is a view for schematically illustrating a case where light irradiated from a sensor at a lower portion of the display shown in fig. 3 is reflected inside the display.
Fig. 5 is a diagram for schematically illustrating another embodiment of a sensor at a lower portion of a display.
Fig. 6 is a view for schematically illustrating a case where light irradiated from a sensor in a lower portion of the display shown in fig. 5 is reflected inside the display.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart for schematically illustrating a process of eliminating the influence based on the internal reflection.
Detailed Description
While the invention is capable of various modifications and embodiments, specific embodiments thereof are shown in the drawings and will be described herein in detail. It should be understood that it is not intended to limit the present invention to the particular embodiments, but to include all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention. In particular, functions, features, embodiments which will be described below with reference to the drawings can be implemented alone or in combination with another embodiment. It should be noted, therefore, that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the illustrated embodiments.
On the other hand, with respect to terms used in this specification, expressions such as "substantially", "almost", "about" and the like are expressions considering a difference (margin) allowed at the time of actual implementation or an error that may occur. For example, for "substantially 90 degrees", it should be construed that an angle at which the same effect as that at 90 degrees can be obtained is also included. As another example, "substantially free" should be construed to include to the extent that it can be ignored, if at all.
On the other hand, without being particularly mentioned, "side" or "horizontal" is used to indicate a left-right direction in the drawings, and "vertical" is used to indicate an up-down direction in the drawings. In addition, the angle, the incident angle, and the like are based on a virtual straight line perpendicular to a horizontal plane shown in the drawing, unless otherwise specified.
Hereinafter, in all the drawings, hatching shown in the retardation layer indicates the direction of the slow axis, and hatching shown in the polarizing layer schematically indicates the direction of the polarizing axis with respect to the slow axis extending in parallel. On the other hand, it is shown that the slow axis of the display retardation layer and the slow axis of the sensor retardation layer both extend in the horizontal direction, or the slow axis of the display retardation layer and the slow axis of the sensor retardation layer extend in the vertical direction. This is simply shown to aid understanding, it being understood that the slow axis of the sensor retarder need not be aligned with the slow axis of the display retarder.
Fig. 1 is a diagram for schematically illustrating the structure of a sensor at the lower part of a display.
The sensor 100 at the lower portion of the display includes a sensor polarizing layer 110, a sensor retardation layer 120, and a light sensor 300. The optical sensor 300 operates as a proximity sensor, and includes a light irradiation unit 310 and a light receiving unit 320. The light irradiation section 310 may be a light emitting diode that generates the sensing light 20 in a visible light, near infrared, or infrared band. The light receiving unit 320 can detect reflected light in the visible light, near infrared, and infrared bands. For example, the light receiving unit 320 may be formed of a single photodiode or may be formed of a plurality of photodiodes. In the case of a plurality of photodiodes, the photodiodes can be divided into two or more regions, and the frequency band of light detected in each region may be different. To avoid interference, the light irradiation part 310 and the light receiving part 320 may be optically separated. Although not shown, a collimator lens for improving the straightness of the sensing light may be disposed above the light irradiation unit 310, and a condenser lens for condensing the reflected light may be disposed above the light receiving unit 320.
The sensor polarizing layer 110 is disposed on the upper portion of the optical sensor 300, and has a polarizing axis inclined at a first angle, for example, +45 degrees, with respect to the slow axis of the sensor retardation layer 120. The sensor retardation layer 120 is disposed above the sensor polarizing layer 110, and has, for example, a slow axis extending in the horizontal direction and a fast axis extending in the vertical direction. The slow axis of the sensor retarder 120 may be substantially parallel to the slow axis of the display retarder 12.
The sensor polarizing layer 110 and the sensor retardation layer 120 allow the sensing light generated by the light irradiation section 310 to be emitted to the outside through the display 10. The sensor polarizing layer 110 and the sensor retardation layer 120 allow reflected light reflected by an external object to pass through the display 10 and reach the light receiving part 320.
The light irradiation section 310 generates the sensing light 20 as unpolarized light. The generated sensing light 20 becomes a sensing sensor linear polarization 21 having a polarization axis inclined at a first angle as it passes through the sensor polarizing layer 110. Since the polarization axis of the induction sensor linear polarization 21 is inclined at, for example, +45 degrees with respect to the slow axis of the sensor retardation layer 120, the induction sensor linear polarization 21 becomes an induction sensor circular polarization 22 that rotates in the clockwise direction as it passes through the sensor retardation layer 120. When a first polarized light portion of the linear polarization 21 of the induction sensor that transmits along the fast axis and a second polarized light portion of the linear polarization 21 of the induction sensor that transmits along the slow axis pass through the sensor retardation layer 120, a phase difference of λ/4 is generated therebetween. The sensor circular polarization 22 is incident inside the display through the bottom surface of the display 10.
The inductive-sensor circular polarization 22 becomes inductive-display linear polarization 23 as it passes through the display retardation layer 12. Since the slow axis of the display retardation layer 12 is substantially parallel to the slow axis of the sensor retardation layer 120, the first polarization part and the second polarization part of the induction sensor circular polarization 22 are increased in phase difference of λ/4, and the phase difference therebetween becomes λ/2. Thus, the polarization axis of the induced display linear polarization 23 is rotated about 90 degrees from the first angle and tilted at a second angle, e.g., -45 degrees, with respect to the slow axis of the display retarder layer 12.
The induced display linear polarization 23 proceeds outward through the display polarizing layer 11 substantially without loss. The display polarizing layer 11 has a polarizing axis that is inclined at a second angle, e.g. -45 degrees, with respect to the slow axis of the display retardation layer 12. Accordingly, the inductive display linear polarization 23 having a polarization axis inclined at the same angle as the polarization axis of the display polarizing layer 11 can pass through the display polarizing layer 11.
The inductive display linear polarization 23 emitted to the outside of the display 10 is reflected by an object and enters the display 10 again. For the sake of distinction, the reflected light incident on the display 10 is referred to as reflective display linear polarization 30. The reflective display linear polarization 30 may have a polarization axis that is tilted at a second angle, e.g., -45 degrees. Thus, reflective display linear polarization 30 having a polarization axis that is inclined at the same angle as the polarization axis of the display polarizing layer 11 can pass through the display polarizing layer 11.
The reflective display linear polarization 30 passes through the display retardation layer 12 to become a reflective display circular polarization 31 rotating in the counterclockwise direction. As described above, since the polarizing axis of the display polarizing layer 11 is inclined at-45 with respect to the slow axis of the display retardation layer 12, a λ/4 phase difference is generated between the first polarizing part and the second polarizing part of the reflective display linear polarization 30. The reflective display circular polarization 31 passes through the bottom surface of the display 10 and is incident on the sensor 100 below the display.
The reflective display circular polarization 31 passes through the sensor retardation layer 120 to become the reflective sensor linear polarization 32. As described above, since the slow axis of the display retardation layer 12 and the slow axis of the sensor retardation layer 120 are substantially parallel to each other, the first polarized light portion and the second polarized light portion of the reflective display circular polarized light 31 are increased in phase difference of λ/4, and the phase difference therebetween becomes λ/2. Thus, the polarization axis of the reflective sensor linear polarization 32 is rotated about 90 degrees from the second angle and tilted at a first angle, e.g., +45 degrees, relative to the slow axis of the sensor retardation layer 120.
The reflective sensor linear polarization 32 proceeds substantially without loss through the sensor polarizing layer 110 toward the light receiving portion 320. The sensor polarizing layer 110 may have a polarizing axis that is inclined at a first angle, e.g., +45 degrees, with respect to the slow axis of the sensor retardation layer 120. Accordingly, the reflective sensor linear polarization 32 having a polarization axis that is inclined at the same angle as the polarization axis of the sensor polarizing layer 110 can pass through the sensor polarizing layer 110.
On the other hand, the light receiving unit 320 can detect not only the reflection sensor linearly polarized light 32 generated from the sensing light 20 but also linearly polarized light by internal reflection. Linear polarization based on internal reflection can cause severe errors in the measurements of the sensors at the lower part of the display. Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of the sensor at the lower portion of the display, it is necessary to correct the luminance detected by the light receiving portion 320.
Fig. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating the principle of measuring the blocking transmittance of external light.
The sensor 100 at the lower portion of the display is disposed at the lower portion of the display 10. The display 10 includes a pixel layer 13 in which a plurality of pixels P generating light are formed, a display polarizing layer 11 and a display retardation layer 12 stacked on top of the pixel layer 13. In order to protect the display polarizing layer 11, the display retardation layer 12 and the pixel layer 13, a protective layer formed of an opaque material such as metal or synthetic resin may be disposed on the bottom surface of the display 10. As an embodiment, the sensor 100 under the display composed of the first sensor polarizing layer 110, the second sensor polarizing layer 115, the sensor retardation layer 120, and the light sensor 300 may be disposed in an area where a portion of the protective layer is removed (hereinafter, referred to as a complete structure). As another example, the first sensor polarizing layer 110, the second sensor polarizing layer 115, and the sensor retardation layer 120 may be manufactured in a film shape and laminated on the bottom surface of the display 10. The sensor under the display can be implemented in such a manner that the optical sensor 300 is attached to the bottom surfaces of the first sensor polarizing layer 110 and the second sensor polarizing layer 115 (hereinafter, referred to as an assembly type structure). In order to avoid redundant description, the following description will be focused on the completed structure.
The display polarizing layer 11 and the display retarder layer 12 improve the visibility of the display 10. The extraneous light 14 incident through the upper surface of the display 10 is unpolarized. When the external light 14 is incident on the upper surface of the display polarizing layer 11, only light substantially identical to the polarization axis of the display polarizing layer 11 passes through the display polarizing layer 11. The light passing through the display polarizing layer 11 is referred to as display linear polarization 15 generated by the external light. When the display linear polarization 15 generated by the external light passes through the display retardation layer 12, the display circular polarization 16 (or elliptical polarization) generated by the external light rotating in the clockwise direction or the counterclockwise direction is generated. When circular display polarization 16 generated by external light is reflected by the pixel layer 13 and enters the retardation layer 12 again, the circular display polarization becomes linear polarization. Here, if the polarization axis of the display retardation layer 12 is inclined by about 45 degrees with respect to the slow axis, the polarization axis of the second display linear polarization and the polarization axis of the second linear polarization are orthogonal to each other. Accordingly, the linearly polarized light reflected by the pixel layer 13, that is, the external light is blocked by the display polarizing layer 11 and cannot be emitted to the outside of the display. This can improve the visibility of the display 10.
The sensor 100 at the lower portion of the display includes: a first sensor polarizing layer 110, a second sensor polarizing layer 115, and a sensor retardation layer 120 forming two optical paths; and an optical sensor 300 that detects light after passing through each optical path. The optical sensor 300 includes a light irradiation portion 310, a first light receiving portion 320, and a second light receiving portion 330.
The sensor retardation layer 120 is disposed above the first sensor polarizing layer 110 and the second sensor polarizing layer 115, and the optical sensor 300 is disposed below the first sensor polarizing layer 110 and the second sensor polarizing layer 115. The light irradiator 310 and the first photoreceivers 320 of the photosensor 300 are disposed below the first sensor polarizer 110, and the second photoreceivers 330 are disposed below the second sensor polarizer 115. As an embodiment, a sensor retardation layer 120 may be laminated on the upper surface of the first sensor polarizing layer 110 and the second sensor polarizing layer 115. The stacked sensor retardation layer 120-the first and second sensor polarizing layers 110, 115 may be attached to the bottom surface of the display 10. The light sensor 300 may be attached to the bottom surface of the first sensor polarizing layer 110 and the second sensor polarizing layer 115. As another embodiment, the light sensor 300 may be implemented by a thin film transistor. Thus, the sensor 100 under the display can be manufactured by laminating the film-shaped sensor retardation layer 120, the first sensor polarization layer 110, the second sensor polarization layer 115, and the optical sensor 300.
The polarizing axis of the first sensor polarizing layer 110 and the polarizing axis of the second sensor polarizing layer 115 are inclined at different angles with respect to the slow axis of the sensor retardation layer 120. The polarizing axis of the first sensor polarizing layer 110 may be inclined at a first angle, e.g., +45 degrees, with respect to the slow axis of the sensor retardation layer 120, and the polarizing axis of the second sensor polarizing layer 115 may be inclined at a second angle, e.g., -45 degrees, with respect to the slow axis of the sensor retardation layer 120.
The light incident on the sensor 100 at the lower portion of the display is display circular polarization 16 generated by extraneous light. The display circular polarization 16 generated by the external light becomes the sensor linear polarization 17 generated by the external light as it passes through the sensor retardation layer 120. The sensor linear polarization 17 generated by the external light becomes the sensor linear polarization 18 generated by the first external light as it passes through the first sensor polarizing layer 110, and becomes the sensor linear polarization 19 generated by the second external light as it passes through the second sensor polarizing layer 115.
Sensor retardation layer 120-first sensor polarizer layer 110 forms a first optical path and sensor retardation layer 120-second sensor polarizer layer 115 forms a second optical path. The first and second light paths act differently for display circular polarization 16 generated by extraneous light. The first light path passes display circular polarization 16 generated by extraneous light. Conversely, the second light path blocks most of the display circular polarization 16 generated by the extraneous light and passes only a portion. The first and second optical paths pass the sensing light 20 reflected by the external object (first optical path) and block the same (second optical path), as in the case of the external light 14, which will be described in detail below.
A proportional relationship 1 is established between the sensor linear polarization 18 generated by the first external light and the sensor linear polarization 19 generated by the second external light: k 1 (wherein, K 1 <1). Here, K 1 The ratio of the blocking transmission of the external light is shown. Since the sensor linear polarization light 18 generated by the first external light and the sensor linear polarization light 19 generated by the second external light are both generated from the display circular polarization light 16 generated by the same external light, and only the light paths are different, the luminance between the two is in a linear proportional relationship or a non-linear proportional relationship. The non-linear scaling may be caused by various reasons, such as structural characteristics of the display 10, the wavelength range of the extraneous light 14, and so forth. The first external light generates sensor linear polarization 18 and the second external light generates sensor linear polarizationProportional relationship between raw sensor linear polarization 19 1: k 1 The same can be applied to the sensor light 20. That is, the same proportional relationship 1 can be established between the luminance of the reflected sensing light measured by the first light receiving part 320 and the luminance of the reflected sensing light measured by the second light receiving part 330: k is 1 。
The first optical path and the second optical path may be adjacent to each other or may be separated from each other. That is, the first sensor polarizing layer 110 and the second sensor polarizing layer 115 are disposed under the single sensor retardation layer 120, and the first light receiving part 320 and the second light receiving part 330 may be formed on the single photosensor 300. On the other hand, the second light receiving part 330 may be formed on another photosensor that is separate from the first light receiving part 320. A retardation layer (not shown) having a slow axis extending parallel to the slow axis of the sensor retardation layer and the second sensor polarizing layer 115 may be disposed on the second photoreceivers 330.
Fig. 3 is a diagram for schematically illustrating the operation of the sensor at the lower portion of the display shown in fig. 2. Since the process until the sensing light 20 reaches the external object is similar to that of fig. 1, a process of returning the reflected light to the sensor 100 at the lower portion of the display will be described. Here, the description will be made assuming that there is no internal reflection.
The inductive display linear polarization 23 emitted to the outside of the display 10 is reflected by an object and enters the display 10 again. In a general usage environment, not only the display linear polarization 23 but also the external light 14 is incident on the display 10. Accordingly, the incident display linear polarizations 40, 40 'are composed of the non-polarized ambient light 14 that passes through the display polarizing layer 11 and the reflective display linear polarizations 30, 30'. The brightness of the ambient light 14 is much greater and constant than the brightness of the reflective display linear polarizations 30, 30'. Therefore, the influence of the extraneous light 14 can be represented by a direct current offset (DC offset) of the pixel current. In the external light 14 that is unpolarized light, light having the same polarization axis as that of the display polarizing layer 11 passes through and light having the other polarization axis is blocked, so that the brightness is reduced. Thus, the luminance of the incident display linear polarization 40, 40' is relatively greater than the luminance of the reflective display linear polarization 30.
The incident display linear polarizations 40, 40 'pass through the display retardation layer 12 to become incident display circular polarizations 41, 41' that rotate in a counter-clockwise direction. As described above, since the polarizing axis of the display polarizing layer 11 is inclined at-45 degrees with respect to the slow axis of the display retardation layer 12, a λ/4 phase difference is generated between the first polarizing part and the second polarizing part of the incident display linear polarization 40, 40'. The incident display circular polarizations 41, 41' pass through the bottom surface of the display 10 and are incident on the sensor 100 below the display.
The incident display circular polarizations 41, 41 'pass through the sensor retardation layer 120 to become incident sensor linear polarizations 42, 42'. As described above, since the slow axis of the display retardation layer 12 and the slow axis of the sensor retardation layer 120 extend substantially in parallel, the first polarized light portion and the second polarized light portion of the incident display circular polarized light 41, 41' are increased in phase difference of λ/4, and the phase difference therebetween becomes λ/2. Thus, the polarization axis of the incident sensor linear polarization 42, 42' is rotated about 90 degrees from the second angle and tilted at a first angle, e.g., +45 degrees, relative to the slow axis of the sensor retardation layer 120.
The incident sensor linear polarization 42 passes through the first sensor polarizing layer 110 substantially without loss to the first photoreceivers 320, whereas the incident sensor linear polarization 42' is mostly blocked by the second sensor polarizing layer 115 and only partially travels to the second photoreceivers 330. The first sensor polarizing layer 110 may have a polarizing axis that is inclined at a first angle, e.g., +45 degrees, with respect to the slow axis of the sensor retardation layer 120. Thus, incident sensor linear polarization 42 having a polarization axis that is tilted at the same angle as the polarization axis of the first sensor polarizing layer 110 can pass through the first sensor polarizing layer 110. Conversely, the second sensor polarizing layer 115 may have a polarizing axis that is inclined at a second angle, e.g., -45 degrees, relative to the sensor retardation layer 120. Thus, a majority of the incident sensor linear polarization 42' having a polarization axis that is rotated 90 degrees relative to the polarization axis of the second sensor polarizing layer 115 is blocked by the second sensor polarizing layer 115, and only a portion is able to pass through the second sensor polarizing layer 115.
The incident sensor linear polarization 42 after passing through the first sensor polarizing layer 110 becomes the first sensor incident light 43, and the incident sensor linear polarization 42 'after passing through the second sensor polarizing layer 115 becomes the second sensor incident light 43'. The first sensor incident light 43 is the reflected sensor linear polarization (32 of fig. 1) and the sensor linear polarization 18 generated by the first external light. The second sensor incident light 43' is the sensor linear polarization 19 generated by the second incoming light.
The optical sensor 300 includes a first light receiving part 320 corresponding to the first optical path and a second light receiving part 330 corresponding to the second optical path. For example, the first light receiving portions 320 generate a first pixel current substantially proportional to the luminance of the first sensor incident light 43, i.e., the light amount, and the second light receiving portions 330 generate a second pixel current substantially proportional to the luminance of the second sensor incident light 43'. The first light receiving unit 320 or the second light receiving unit 330 is formed of, for example, one photodiode or a plurality of photodiodes (hereinafter, referred to as a PD array). Here, the first light receiving part 320 and the second light receiving part 330 can detect light belonging to a specific wavelength range, for example, near infrared rays, and the like.
Fig. 4 is a view for schematically illustrating a case where light irradiated from a sensor at a lower portion of the display shown in fig. 3 is reflected inside the display. Here, the description will be given assuming that the sensing light reflected by the external object is not reflected.
The internally reflected sensing light causes a serious error in the brightness of the light measured by the first light receiving part 320 and the second light receiving part 330. The sensing light reflected internally differs from the sensing light reflected outside the display in many ways, for example, in the brightness (or intensity) of the light, the time to reach the light receiving portion, and the like. When a sensor at the lower portion of the display is used as a proximity sensor, it is necessary to take into consideration the influence caused by internal reflection.
The sensing light 20, 20 'generated by the light irradiation part 310 of the sensor 100 under the display becomes the sensing sensor circular polarized light 22, 22' as passing through the first sensor polarizing layer 110 and the sensor retardation layer 120. The inductive sensor circular polarizations 22, 22' can be reflected inside the display 10 and re-incident on the sensor 100 below the display. A variety of structures formed of a material that transmits or reflects light are mixed in the display 10. Thus, a portion of the inductive sensor circular polarization 22, 22' can be returned to the sensor 100 below the display by internal reflection. The sensing light 20 is light that is emitted toward the first light receiving part 320 at an angle at which the sensing light enters the first light receiving part 320 by internal reflection, and the sensing light 20' is light that is emitted toward the second light receiving part 330 at an angle at which the sensing light enters the second light receiving part 330 by internal reflection.
The internally reflected sensor circularly polarized light 50 passes through the sensor retardation layer 120 as internally reflected sensor linearly polarized light 51. The polarization axis of the internally reflective sensor linear polarization 51 is rotated about 90 degrees from the polarization axis of the inductive sensor linear polarization 21. Thus, the polarization axis of the internal reflection sensor linear polarization 51 is substantially perpendicular to the polarization axis of the first sensor polarizing layer 110, so that a majority of the internal reflection sensor linear polarization 51 can be substantially blocked by the first sensor polarizing layer 110. The internal reflection sensor linearly polarized light 52 that has passed through without being blocked can be detected by the first light receiving part 320.
In contrast, the internally reflected sensor circularly polarized light 50 'passes through the sensor retardation layer 120 as internally reflected sensor linearly polarized light 51'. The polarization axis of the internal reflection sensor linear polarization 51' is rotated about 90 degrees from the polarization axis of the induction sensor linear polarization 21. Thus, the polarization axis of the internal reflection sensor linear polarization 51' is substantially parallel to the polarization axis of the second sensor polarization layer 115, and can pass through the second sensor polarization layer 115.
The linear polarization 52 of the internal reflection sensor passing through without being blocked makes the brightness detected by the first light receiving part 320 and the second light receiving part 330 have a proportional relationship K 2 :1 (wherein, K) 2 <1). Here, K 2 Is the barrier transmission ratio of internal reflection.
Fig. 5 is a diagram for schematically illustrating another embodiment of a sensor at a lower portion of a display. Since the process until the sensing light 20 reaches the external object is similar to that of fig. 1, a process of returning the reflected light to the sensor 100 at the lower portion of the display will be described. The description is made assuming that there is no internal reflection.
The sensor 101 at the lower portion of the display includes a first sensor retardation layer 120, a second sensor retardation layer 125, a sensor polarizing layer 110, and a light sensor 300. The first sensor retardation layer 120 and the second sensor retardation layer 125 are disposed on the upper portion of the sensor polarizing layer 110, and the optical sensor 300 is disposed on the lower portion of the sensor polarizing layer 110. The optical sensor 300 includes a light emitting portion 310, a first light receiving portion 320, and a second light receiving portion 330. The first photoreceivers 320 is disposed at a position where light emitted from the first sensor retardation layer 120 reaches after passing through the sensor polarizing layer 110, and the second photoreceivers 330 is disposed at a position where light emitted from the second sensor retardation layer 125 reaches after passing through the sensor polarizing layer 110. As an example, the sensor 101 at the lower portion of the display may be manufactured by laminating the first sensor retardation layer 120 and the second sensor retardation layer 125 on the upper surface of the sensor polarizing layer 110. The stacked sensor polarizing layer 110 and the first and second sensor retardation layers 120 and 125 may be attached to the bottom surface of the display 10. The light sensor 300 may be attached to the bottom surface of the sensor polarizing layer 110. As another embodiment, the light sensor 300 may be implemented by a thin film transistor. Thus, the sensor 101 under the display can be manufactured by laminating the film-shaped first sensor retardation layer 120, the second sensor retardation layer 125, the sensor polarizing layer 110, and the optical sensor 300.
The slow axis of the first sensor delay layer 120 is substantially orthogonal to the slow axis of the second sensor delay layer 125. The polarizing axis of the sensor polarizing layer 110 may be tilted at a first angle, e.g., +45 degrees, with respect to the slow axis of the first sensor retardation layer 120, or at a second angle, e.g., -45 degrees, with respect to the slow axis of the second sensor retardation layer 125.
The first light receiving part 320 of the light sensor 300 is located at a vertically lower portion of the first sensor retardation layer 120 and detects the first sensor incident light 43 that the incident display circular polarization 41 exits through the first sensor retardation layer 120 and the sensor polarizing layer 110 (first light path). The second light receiving part 330 of the photosensor 300 is located vertically below the second sensor retardation layer 125 and detects the second sensor incident light 43 ″ that the incident display circular polarization 41' exits through the second sensor retardation layer 125 and the sensor polarizing layer 110 (second light path). The first light receiving unit 320 and the second light receiving unit 330 can generate pixel currents having a magnitude corresponding to the brightness of the detected light. The first light receiving part 320 and the second light receiving part 330 may be photodiodes, for example, but are not limited thereto.
Next, the operation of the sensor 101 under the display configured as described above will be described.
The incident display circular polarization 41 passes through the first sensor retardation layer 120 to become the first incident sensor linear polarization 42, and the incident display circular polarization 41' passes through the second sensor retardation layer 125 to become the second incident sensor linear polarization 42 ″. As described above, since the slow axis of the first sensor retardation layer 120 is orthogonal to the slow axis of the second sensor retardation layer 125, the polarization axis of the first incident sensor linear polarization 42 can also be orthogonal to the polarization axis of the second incident sensor linear polarization 42 ″. Specifically, the incident display circular polarization 41 having a phase difference of λ/4 between the first polarization part and the second polarization part can be converted into the first incident sensor linear polarization 42 having a polarization axis substantially parallel to the polarization axis of the sensor polarization layer 110 by increasing the phase difference of λ/4 by the first sensor retardation layer 120. Conversely, the incident display circular polarization 41' is phase-shifted by the second sensor retardation layer 125, and can become the second incident sensor linear polarization 42 ″ having a polarization axis substantially perpendicular to the polarization axis of the sensor polarization layer 110.
The first incident sensor linear polarization 42 passes through the sensor polarizing layer 110 substantially without loss to the first photoreceivers 320, whereas the second incident sensor linear polarization 42 "is mostly blocked by the sensor polarizing layer 110 and only partially travels to the second photoreceivers 330. The sensor polarizing layer 110 may have a polarizing axis that is inclined at a first angle, e.g., +45 degrees, with respect to the slow axis of the first sensor retardation layer 120 or a polarizing axis that is inclined at a second angle, e.g., -45 degrees, with respect to the slow axis of the second sensor retardation layer 125. Thus, the first incident sensor linear polarization 42 having a polarization axis that is inclined at the same angle as the polarization axis of the sensor polarizing layer 110 can pass through the sensor polarizing layer 110. Conversely, a majority of the second incident sensor linear polarization 42 "having a polarization axis rotated 90 degrees relative to the polarization axis of the sensor polarizing layer 110 is blocked by the sensor polarizing layer 110, and only a portion is able to pass through the sensor polarizing layer 110.
The first incident sensor linear polarization 42 after passing through the sensor polarizing layer 110 becomes the first sensor incident light 43, and the second incident sensor linear polarization 42 "after passing through the sensor polarizing layer 110 becomes the second sensor incident light 43". The first sensor incident light 43 is reflected sensor linear polarization (32 of fig. 1) and sensor linear polarization 18 generated by the first external light. Second sensor incident light 43 "is sensor linear polarization 19 generated by second extraneous light.
The optical sensor 300 includes a first light receiving part 320 corresponding to the first optical path and a second light receiving part 330 corresponding to the second optical path. For example, the first light receiving portions 320 generate a first pixel current substantially proportional to the luminance of the first sensor incident light 43, and the second light receiving portions 330 generate a second pixel current substantially proportional to the luminance of the second sensor incident light 43 ″.
Fig. 6 is a view for schematically illustrating a case where light irradiated from a sensor at a lower portion of the display shown in fig. 5 is reflected inside the display. The description overlapping with fig. 4 is omitted, and only the differences will be described. Here, the description will be made assuming that the sensing light reflected by the external object is not reflected.
The internally reflected sensor circularly polarized light 50 passes through the first sensor retardation layer 120 as internally reflected sensor linearly polarized light 51. The polarization axis of the internally reflective sensor linear polarization 51 is rotated about 90 degrees from the polarization axis of the inductive sensor linear polarization 21. Thus, the polarization axis of the internal reflection sensor linear polarization 51 is perpendicular to the polarization axis of the first sensor polarization layer 110, and most of the internal reflection sensor linear polarization 51 can be substantially blocked by the sensor polarization layer 110. The internally reflected sensor linearly polarized light 52 that has not been blocked and passed can be detected by the first light receiving part 320.
Conversely, the internally reflected sensor circularly polarized light 50' passes through the second sensor retardation layer 125 as internally reflected sensor linearly polarized light 51". The polarization axis of the internal reflection sensor linear polarization 51 "is substantially parallel to the polarization axis of the induction sensor linear polarization 21. Thus, the polarization axis of the internal reflection sensor linear polarization 51 ″ is substantially parallel to the polarization axis of the second sensor polarization layer 115, and can pass through the second sensor polarization layer 115.
The linear polarization 52 of the internal reflection sensor passing through without being blocked makes the brightness detected by the first light receiving part 320 and the second light receiving part 330 have a proportional relationship K 2 :1 (wherein, K) 2 <1). Here, K 2 Is the barrier transmission ratio of internal reflection.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart for schematically illustrating a process of eliminating the influence based on the internal reflection.
The block transmission ratio K of the external light was measured in the structure shown in fig. 3 or 5 1 (S10). Barrier transmission ratio K 1 The brightness of the sensor linearly polarized light 18 generated by the first external light incident on the first light receiving unit 320 and the brightness of the sensor linearly polarized light 19 generated by the second external light incident on the second light receiving unit 330 can be calculated in a state where the light irradiation unit 310 is turned off. A plurality of blocking transmission ratios K can be calculated by adjusting the brightness of the external light 14 or the positions of the sensors 100 and 101 under the display 1 。
Measurement of the Barrier Transmission ratio K of internal reflection 2 (S11). Barrier transmission ratio K 2 The brightness of the linear polarization 51 of the internal reflection sensor incident on the first light receiving unit 320 and the brightness of a part of the linear polarization 51' or 51 ″ of the internal reflection sensor incident on the second light receiving unit 330 can be calculated in the absence of external light. The barrier transmission ratios K can be calculated by adjusting the brightness of the sensing light 20 or the position of the sensors 100, 101 under the display 2 。
Measured blocking transmission ratio K of external light 1 And barrier transmission ratio K of internal reflection 2 For correcting byThe sensors 100, 101 at the lower portion of the display measure the brightness of the first sensor incident light 43 (S20). When the sensor at the lower portion of the display operates as a proximity sensor, not only the first sensor incident light 43 and the second sensor incident light 43 but also the internally reflected sensor light 51',51 ″, 52 are incident on the first light receiving unit 320 and the second light receiving unit 330. Not only the internally reflected sensor light 52 incident on the first light receiving unit 320 but also the internally reflected sensor light 51',51' incident on the second light receiving unit 330 cause errors in the measurement values of the light receiving units 320, 330.
Assuming that the brightness of the incident light 43 from the first sensor is A, the brightness of the incident light 43' from the second sensor is K 1 And (x) A. On the other hand, if the luminance of the internally reflected sensitive light 51',51 ″ is B, the luminance of the internally reflected sensitive light 52 is K 2 ×B。
The brightness C of the light detected by the first light receiving part 320 is based on the first sensor incident light 43 and the internally reflected sensing light 52.
[ EQUATION 1 ]
C＝A+K 2 ×B
On the other hand, the luminance D of the light detected by the second light receiving part is based on the second sensor incident light 43 'and the internally reflected sensing light 51',51 ″.
[ equation 2 ]
D＝K 1 ×A+B
The luminance a of the first sensor incident light 43 can be calculated from equation 1 and equation 2 in the following manner.
The brightness of the first sensor incident light 43 is used to calculate a distance to an external object or determine whether or not the distance is close (S21).
The above description of the present invention is illustrative, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains that the present invention can be easily modified into other specific forms without changing the technical idea or essential features of the present invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the above described embodiments are exemplary and not intended to be limiting. Further, the features of the present invention described with reference to the drawings are not limited to the structures shown in the specific drawings, and can be implemented alone or in combination with other features.
The scope of the present invention is shown by the appended claims rather than by the above description, and it should be understood that all changes and modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and the equivalent concept thereof are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A sensor at a lower portion of a display, the sensor at the lower portion of the display being arranged at a lower portion of the display comprising pixels for generating light, a display retarder layer arranged at an upper portion of the pixels, and a display polarizer layer,
the sensor at the lower portion of the display includes:
a light sensor including a light irradiation unit that irradiates sensing light for sensing an object located outside the display, a first light receiving unit and a second light receiving unit that detect external reflected light in which the sensing light is reflected from the object and internal reflected light in which the sensing light is reflected inside the display;
a first sensor polarizing layer disposed above the first light receiving part and having a polarizing axis inclined at a first angle;
a second sensor polarizing layer disposed above the second light receiving part and having a polarizing axis inclined at a second angle; and
a sensor retardation layer disposed on an upper portion of the sensor polarizing layer and having a slow axis inclined at a first angle with respect to the polarizing axis,
the first sensor polarizing layer and the sensor retardation layer pass the externally reflected light and pass the internally reflected light at a blocked transmission ratio of the internal reflection,
the second sensor polarizing layer and the sensor retardation layer pass a blocking transmittance of external light other than the external reflected light and pass the internal reflected light.
2. The lower display sensor of claim 1, wherein the display is a touch screen,
the brightness of the external reflection light is calculated by using a blocking transmission ratio of the external light and a blocking transmission ratio of the internal reflection light.
3. The lower display sensor of claim 1, wherein the display is a touch screen,
the first sensor polarizing layer and the sensor retardation layer convert the sensing light into sensing sensor circular polarization so as to pass through the display polarizing layer,
the inductive sensor circular polarized light is converted by the display retardation layer into an inductive display linear polarized light having the same polarization axis as that of the display polarizing layer.
4. The lower display sensor of claim 1, wherein the display is a touch screen,
the slow axis of the sensor retarder is parallel to the slow axis of the display retarder,
the polarizing axis of the display polarizing layer is tilted at a second angle relative to the slow axis of the display retardation layer.
5. The lower display sensor of claim 4, wherein the display is a touch screen,
the difference between the second angle and the first angle is 90 degrees.
6. A sensor for a lower part of a display, the sensor for the lower part of the display being arranged at a lower part of the display comprising pixels for generating light, a display retardation layer arranged at an upper part of the pixels, and a display polarizing layer, characterized in that,
the sensor at the lower portion of the display includes:
an optical sensor including a light irradiation portion that irradiates sensing light for sensing an object located outside the display, a first light receiving portion and a second light receiving portion that detect external reflected light in which the sensing light is reflected from the object and internal reflected light in which the sensing light is reflected inside the display;
a sensor polarizing layer disposed on an upper portion of the optical sensor and having a polarizing axis inclined at a first angle;
a first sensor retardation layer disposed above the sensor polarizing layer corresponding to the first photoreceivers, and having a slow axis inclined at a first angle with respect to the polarizing axis; and
a second sensor retardation layer disposed above the sensor polarizing layer corresponding to the second photoreceivers and having a slow axis inclined at a second angle with respect to the polarizing axis,
the sensor polarizing layer and the first sensor retardation layer pass the externally reflected light and pass the internally reflected light at a blocking transmittance ratio of the internal reflection,
the sensor polarizing layer and the second sensor retardation layer pass a blocking transmittance of external light other than the external reflected light and pass the internal reflected light.
7. The lower display sensor of claim 6,
the brightness of the external reflection light is calculated by using a blocking transmission ratio of the external light and a blocking transmission ratio of the internal reflection light.
8. The lower display sensor of claim 6,
the sensor polarizing layer and the first sensor retardation layer convert the sensing light into sensing sensor circular polarization so as to pass through the display polarizing layer,
the inductive sensor circular polarized light is converted by the display retarder layer into an inductive display linear polarized light having the same polarization axis as the display polarizing layer.
9. The lower display sensor of claim 6,
the slow axis of the first sensor retardation layer is parallel to the slow axis of the display retardation layer,
the polarizing axis of the display polarizing layer is tilted at a second angle relative to the slow axis of the display retardation layer.
10. Sensor at the lower part of a display according to claim 1 or 6,
the block transmission ratio of the external light is measured in a state where the light irradiation section is turned off, and the block transmission ratio of the internal reflection is measured in a state where the external reflection light is not present.
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| CN112924023B (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2024-08-13 | 杭州芯格微电子有限公司 | Sensor below display screen and method for measuring intensity of external light by using sensor |
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