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CN111867758B - 涂层刀具和具备它的切削刀具 - Google Patents

涂层刀具和具备它的切削刀具 Download PDF

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CN111867758B
CN111867758B CN201980019713.3A CN201980019713A CN111867758B CN 111867758 B CN111867758 B CN 111867758B CN 201980019713 A CN201980019713 A CN 201980019713A CN 111867758 B CN111867758 B CN 111867758B
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cutting tool
ticn
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田中绫乃
野见山凉马
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Kyocera Corp
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Abstract

本发明的涂层刀具具备：基体、和覆盖该基体的至少一部分的涂层。所述基体具有：含Ti的碳氮化物的硬质相、和含Co和Ni中的至少任意一个的粘结相，25～1000℃下的热膨胀系数为9.0×10－6/℃以上。所述涂层中，具有TiCN层、和位于该TiCN层之上的Al2O3层。所述TiCN层，压应力为250～500MPa。所述Al2O3层具有2μm以上的厚度，压应力为450MPa以上，压应力的值大于所述TiCN层。另外，本发明的切削刀具具备：从第一端朝向第二端延伸，在所述第一端侧具有卡槽的刀柄；和位于所述卡槽的上述的涂层刀具。

Description

涂层刀具和具备它的切削刀具
技术领域
本发明涉及在切削加工中使用的涂层刀具和具备它的切削刀具。
背景技术
现在，作为切削刀具、耐磨耗性构件和滑动构件等需要耐磨耗性、滑动性和耐缺损性的构件的基体，广泛使用以钛(Ti)为主成分的金属陶瓷。
在专利文献1中记载有在由金属陶瓷构成的基体的表面形成被膜，对于基体表面施加30kgf/mm2以上的压应力，对于被膜施加50kgf/mm2以上的压应力，从而使被膜的耐剥离性、耐冲击性和耐缺损性提高。
另外，在专利文献2中记载有在钛基碳氮化物的表面设置耐磨耗性CVD膜，使该CVD膜的压应力为0～1000MPa，从而提供一种具有无冷却裂纹的CVD膜的切削刀具刀片，该冷却裂纹是使性能降低的原因。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开平8－92685号公报
专利文献2：日本特表平11－511078号公报
发明内容
本发明的涂层刀具具备：基体、和覆盖该基体的至少一部分的涂层。所述基体具有：含Ti的碳氮化物的硬质相；和含Co和Ni中的至少任意一种的粘结相，25～1000℃下的热膨胀系数为9.0×10－6/℃以上。所述涂层中具有：TiCN层、和位于该TiCN层之上的Al2O3层。所述TiCN层，压应力为250～500MPa。所述Al2O3层具有2μm以上的厚度，压应力为450MPa以上，压应力的值大于所述TiCN层。
另外，本发明的切削刀具具备：从第一端朝向第二端延伸，在所述第一端侧具有卡槽的刀柄；和位于所述卡槽的上述的涂层刀具。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的涂层刀具的一例的立体图。
图2是表示本发明的涂层刀具的表面附近的剖面的放大概要图。
图3是表示本发明的切削刀具的一例的俯视图。
具体实施方式
＜涂层刀具＞
以下，对于本发明的涂层刀具，使用附图详细说明。但是，以下参照的各图，为了便于说明，只将实施方式在说明上必要的主要构件简略化表示。因此，本发明的涂层刀具，能够具备参照的各图中未展示的任意的结构构件。另外，各图中的构件的尺寸，并非忠实表达实际的结构构件的尺寸和各构件的尺寸比率等。这些方面在后述的切削刀具中也同样。
本发明的涂层刀具1，如图1、2所示，具备基体3、和覆盖基体3的至少一部分的涂层5。
本发明的涂层刀具1的形状，例如，是四边形板状，图1中的上表面，是所谓的前刀面。另外，与上表面相反具有下表面，在上表面和下表面之间具有分别与之相连的侧面。侧面至少一部分是所谓的后刀面。
本发明的涂层刀具1具有位于上表面与侧面相交的棱线的至少一部分上的刃口7。换言之，就是具有位于前刀面与后刀面相交的棱线的至少一部分上的刃口7。
在涂层刀具1中，可以是前刀面的外周的整体成为刃口7，但涂层刀具1不受这样的构成限定，例如，也可以只在四边形的前刀面的一边上具有刃口7，或者部分性地具有刃口7。
涂层刀具1的大小没有特别限定，例如，前刀面的一边的长度可设定3～20mm左右。另外，涂层刀具1的厚度，例如可设定为5～20mm左右。
本发明的涂层刀具1的基体3具有：含Ti的碳氮化物的硬质相；和含有Co和Ni中的至少任意一种的粘结相，25～1000℃下的热膨胀系数为9.0×10－6以上。硬质相，例如为TiCN。基体3是所谓的金属陶瓷，含有TiCN、和热膨胀系数大于TiCN的Co、Ni，由此被调整为25～1000℃下的热膨胀系数达到9.0×10－6/℃以上。
金属陶瓷是使金属复合于陶瓷成分而成的烧结复合材料。具体来说，作为金属陶瓷，可列举以TiCN、TiC或TiN等为主成分的化合物等。另外，在基体3中，作为硬质相也可以还含有WC。
如图2所示，本发明的涂层刀具1在基体3之上具有TiCN层5a。在TiCN层5a中包含TiCN结晶。TiCN结晶的热膨胀系数为8×10－6/℃左右，比热膨胀系数为9.0×10－6/℃以上的基体3的热膨胀系数小。
Al2O3层5b位于TiCN层5a之上。Al2O3层5b中包含Al2O3结晶。Al2O3结晶的热膨胀系数是7.2×10－6/℃左右，比基体3和TiCN层5a的热膨胀系数小。
基体3与TiCN层5a可以直接接触，也可以例如有TiN层(未图示)位于两者之间。另外，TiCN层5a与Al2O3层5b可以直接接触，也可以例如有TiN层(未图示)位于两者之间。
在具有这样构成的涂层刀具1中，通过调整基体3的热膨胀系数和Al2O3层5b的厚度，能够对于TiCN层5a和Al2O3层5b施加适度的压应力。
于是，使施加于TiCN层5a的压应力为250～500MPa，施加于Al2O3层5b的压应力为450MPa以上，使Al2O3层5b的厚度为2μm以上，使施加于Al2O3层5b的压应力比施加于TiCN层5a的压应力的值大时，会成为耐磨耗性和耐久性优异的涂层刀具。
还有，施加于TiCN层5a和Al2O3层5b的压应力，例如，可以基于使用了2D法的测量进行判断。具体来说，将后刀面的距刃口7离开1mm以上的部分作为测量位置，测量X射线衍射峰。关于由测量结果确定的晶体结构，能够通过确认测量结果中的2θ的值，相对于作为JCPDS卡所记述的标准的2θ的值如何偏离而求得。
还有，残余应力为负值时，残余应力是压应力。表示压应力的值时，不带负号，而是以绝对值表现。
若基体3的热膨胀系数大，则施加于TiCN层5a和Al2O3层5b的压应力的值处于变大的倾向。
若比较构成涂层5的TiCN层5a与Al2O3层5b，则Al2O3层5b处于远离基体3的位置。因此，使用本发明的切削刀具101加工被加工物时，Al2O3层5b会先于TiCN层5a与被加工物接触。Al2O3层5b因为硬度高，具有2μm以上的厚度，所以耐磨耗性、耐氧化性高。另外，如果Al2O3层5b的厚度为2.5μm以上且8.0μm以下，则耐磨耗性和耐氧化性更优异。
TiCN层5a，厚度可以为5μm以上且10μm以下。若在这样的范围，则涂层刀具1的耐磨耗性和耐缺损性优异。
另外，Al2O3层5b的厚度相对于TiCN层5a的厚度与Al2O3层5b的厚度之和可以为0.2～0.4倍。这种构成的涂层刀具1，耐磨耗性、耐缺损性优异。
另外，Al2O3层5b，可以以沿着与基体3的主面垂直的方向的方式定向Al2O3结晶的C轴。若换种说法，就是含有α－Al2O3结晶，该α－Al2O3结晶可以成为相对于基体3的主面在垂直方向上延伸的柱状。
如果其他的条件相同，若增加Al2O3层5b的厚度，则施加于Al2O3层5b的压应力的值处于变小的倾向。
TiCN层5a，处于基体3与Al2O3层5b之间，抑制Al2O3层5b剥落，并且抑制磨料磨损。
如果其他的条件相同，若增加TiCN层5a的厚度，则施加于TiCN层5a的压应力的值处于变小的倾向。
若考虑TiCN层5a和Al2O3层5b的功能，则TiCN层5a的厚度与Al2O3层5b的厚度之和可以为7μm以上且18μm以下。另外，也可以为8μm以上且16μm以下。
另外，在本发明的涂层刀具1的基体3中，也可以在表面上存在粘结相的比例比基体3的内部多的粘结相富化层。该粘结相富化层的厚度可以为1μm以上且10μm以下。
以下说明本发明的切削刀具的制造方法。
首先，准备如下基体，所述基体具有：含Ti的碳氮化物的硬质相、和含Co和Ni中的至少任意一个的粘结相，25～1000℃下的热膨胀系数为9.0×10－6以上。基体只要热膨胀系数满足上述条件即可，可以使用所谓的金属陶瓷。基体的形状可以根据需要调整。
粘结相可以只由Co构成。另外，基体3可以含有W和Co，包含Co0.93W0.07。在原料的调合时，通过调整所含有的C量，能够得到含有Co0.93W0.07的基体。原料中的C量，可以以调合组成比计C/(硬质相)＝8.0～9.1。若使C/(硬质相)为9.1以下，则能够得到含有Co0.93W0.07的基体。若使C/(硬质相)为8.0以上，则能够抑制η相增加，因此能够抑制Co0.93W0.07相对减少。
还有，所谓原料中的C量，除了添加的碳以外，例如，也包括各原料粉末中包含的C。另外，所谓硬质相，是指在刀片中能够作为硬质相存在的，例如，不包括Fe、Ni、Co和Mn、Mo的金属、氧化物和碳氧化物。
在这样的组成范围的原料粉末中添加粘结剂后，例如，通过冲压成形，整理成希望的形状，在除去粘结剂成分的脱脂工序之后，例如，在氮或真空气氛中，于1500～1550℃的温度区域烧成，从而得到致密质的基体。
还有，在脱脂工序中，可以在真空中分别以200℃、300℃保持1小时，其后，升温至450℃，保持1小时。这时，在450℃的工序中，为了抑制作为原料添加的C减少，使CO2气达到1～5kPa的压力而将其导入脱脂炉。如此能够精密地控制C量。还有，也可以预先准备Co0.93W0.07，作为原料粉末使用。
接着，在基体的表面形成TiCN层。再在其上形成Al2O3层。TiCN层和Al2O3层，可以由化学蒸镀(CVD)法形成。通过此CVD蒸镀法，成膜时的成膜温度越高，施加于所形成的膜的压应力越大。因此，可以根据需要调整成膜温度。
另外，如上述，控制TiCN层、Al2O3层的厚度，也能够控制施加于TiCN层、Al2O3层的压应力。
先测量所制作的涂层刀具的TiCN层、Al2O3层的压应力，基于此结果，调整成膜温度和成膜时间，能够制造具有希望的压应力的涂层刀具。
＜切削刀具＞
接下来，使用附图对于本发明的切削刀具进行说明。
本发明的切削刀具101，如图3所示，例如，是从第一端(图3中的上端)朝向第二端(图3中的下端)延伸的棒状体。切削刀具101，如图3所示，具备：在第一端侧(前端侧)具有卡槽103的刀柄105；和位于卡槽103的上述的涂层刀具1。切削刀具101，因为具备涂层刀具1，所以能够长期进行稳定的切削加工。
卡槽103是安装涂层刀具1的部分，具有相对于刀柄105的下表面平行的支承面，和相对于支承面倾斜的限制侧面。另外，卡槽103在刀柄105的第一端侧开口。
涂层刀具1位于卡槽103。这时，涂层刀具1的下表面可以直接接触卡槽103，另外，在涂层刀具1与卡槽103之间也可以夹隔垫片(未图示)。
涂层刀具1以使前刀面和后刀面相交的棱线中作为刃口7被使用的部分的至少一部分，从刀柄105向外方突出的方式被安装在刀柄105上。在本实施方式中，涂层刀具1由固定螺栓107安装在刀柄105上。即，在涂层刀具1的贯通孔17中插入固定螺栓107，将该固定螺栓107的前端插入形成于卡槽103的螺丝孔(未图示)而使螺栓部之间拧紧，由此，涂层刀具1被安装在刀柄105上。
作为刀柄105的材质，能够使用钢、铸铁等。在这些构件之中也可以使用韧性高的钢。
在本实施方式中，例示的是用于所谓的车削加工的切削刀具。作为车削加工，例如，可列举内径加工、外径加工、开槽加工及端面加工等。还有，作为切削刀具不限定用于车削加工。例如，用于滚削加工的切削刀具也可以使用上述的实施方式的涂层刀具1。
实施例
以下，对于本发明的涂层刀具进行说明。
基体以如下方式制作。
使用表1所示的比例的原料粉末制作刀具形状的成形体，脱脂工序之后，烧成，制作基体。还有，在脱脂工序中，在真空中分别以200℃、300℃保持1小时，其后，升温至450℃，保持1小时。这时，在450℃的工序中，以3kPa的压力将CO2气导入脱脂炉。基体的热膨胀系数，如表1所示。基体具有粘结相富化层。
【表1】
Figure GDA0002684742090000071
在该基体的表面，以CVD蒸镀法，形成表2所示的厚度的TiCN层。再在TiCN层之上形成表2所示的厚度的Al2O3层。TiCN层和Al2O3层的厚度调整成膜时间来进行控制。
TiCN层和Al2O3层的残余应力的测量，使用2D法测量。具体来说，就是将后刀面的距刃口7离开1mm以上的部分作为测量位置，从制作的涂层刀具的表面侧，测量X射线衍射峰。残余应力，是关于由测量结果特定的晶体结构，确认测量结果中的2θ值，相对于作为JCPDS卡所记述的标准的2θ值的偏离而求得。还有，关于TiCN层，以422面为基准而求得残余应力。另外，关于Al2O3层，以1310面为基准而求得残余应力。所求得的残余应力显示在表2中。
得到的涂层刀具，按以下的条件，进行切削试验。其结果显示在表2中。
(耐磨耗性试验)
被切削材：SAPH440
切削速度：1000m/min
进刀：0.15mm/rev
进刀量：0.25mm
切削状态：湿式
评价方法：在切削了切削长度5.0km的时刻的后刀面磨耗宽度(μm)(抗崩刃性试验)
被切削材：SAPH440 12条开槽(10mm宽)
切削速度：1000m/min
进刀：0.15mm/rev
进刀量：0.25mm
切削状态：湿式
评价方法：至崩刃发生的冲击次数(次)
【表2】
Figure GDA0002684742090000091
根据表2，基体的热膨胀系数低于9.0×10－6/℃的试料No.12、18中，基体与TiCN层和Al2O3层的热膨胀差小，因此施加于TiCN层和Al2O3层的压应力的值小。这些试料中，施加于TiCN层的压应力的值低于250MPa，施加于Al2O3层的压应力的值也低于450MPa。其结果是，耐缺损性差。
另一方面，基体的热膨胀系数为9.0×10－6/℃以上，施加于TiCN层的压应力为250～500MPa，Al2O3层的厚度为2μm以上，施加于Al2O3层的压应力为450MPa以上，压应力的值大于TiCN层的试料，耐磨耗性、耐缺损性均优异。
符号说明
1…涂层刀具
3…基体
5…涂层
5a…TiCN层
5b…Al2O3层
7…刃口
17…贯通孔
101…切削刀具
103…卡槽
105…刀柄
107…固定螺栓

Claims (7)

1.一种涂层刀具，其具备：基体、和覆盖该基体的至少一部分的涂层，
所述基体具有：
含Ti的碳氮化物的硬质相；和
含Co和Ni中的至少任意一个的粘结相，
并且，25℃～1000℃下的热膨胀系数为9.0×10－6/℃以上，
所述涂层具有：TiCN层、和位于该TiCN层之上的Al2O3层，
所述TiCN层，压应力为250MPa～500MPa，
所述Al2O3层，具有2μm以上的厚度，压应力为450MPa以上，与所述TiCN层相比压应力的值大。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涂层刀具，其中，所述Al2O3层，厚度为2.5μm以上且8.0μm以下。
3.根据权利要求1所述的涂层刀具，其中，所述TiCN层，厚度为5μm以上且10μm以下。
4.根据权利要求2所述的涂层刀具，其中，所述TiCN层，厚度为5μm以上且10μm以下。
5.根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的涂层刀具，其中，所述Al2O3层的厚度是所述TiCN层的厚度与所述Al2O3层的厚度之和的0.2倍～0.4倍的范围。
6.根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的涂层刀具，其中，所述Al2O3层含有α－Al2O3结晶，该α－Al2O3结晶在相对于基体的主面垂直方向上延伸。
7.一种切削刀具，其具备：
从第一端朝向第二端延伸，在所述第一端侧具有卡槽的刀柄；和
位于所述卡槽的权利要求1～6中任一项所述的涂层刀具。
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