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CN1118650A - Storage method for pollen of crops - Google Patents

Storage method for pollen of crops Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1118650A
CN1118650A CN 94111165 CN94111165A CN1118650A CN 1118650 A CN1118650 A CN 1118650A CN 94111165 CN94111165 CN 94111165 CN 94111165 A CN94111165 A CN 94111165A CN 1118650 A CN1118650 A CN 1118650A
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Prior art keywords
pollen
storage
temperature
crops
term
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CN 94111165
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Chinese (zh)
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周广洽
李训贞
谭周镃
陈良碧
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Hunan Normal University
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Hunan Normal University
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Priority to CN 94111165 priority Critical patent/CN1118650A/en
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Abstract

Pollen is stored in ultra-low temperature and dark condition, controlling humidity range being 25-35%. The thickness of pollen layer is controlled within 5mm in storage. Actinomycin is used as respiration inhibiting agent, and DMSO4 as anti-freezing agent. There is also provided a kind of germination culture medium for examining the fertility of the stored pollen.

Description

The storage practice of pollen of crops
The storage practice of pollen of crops relates to the cultivation method of crop, especially the crossbreeding producing method for seed of crop.
In general, after pollen maturation is split from flower pesticide, as the sprouting condition that can not get suiting, will very fast forfeiture vitality, after leaving flower pesticide as the paddy rice mature pollen, sprouting power just greatly reduced in about 5~10 minutes, the sprouting power of pollen total loss almost after 15 minutes; This does not become restraining factors in conventional crop production.Since China's hybrid rice three series mating success and since being applied to produce, when hybrid seeding, father and mother's florescence and blooming time overslip originally usually occur, thereby cause the pollen amount deficiency, outcrossing seed-setting rate is low, the situation that output is not high even mistake is received.The approach that solves paddy rice cross breeding production of hybrid seeds low yield is this alternate plantation of father and mother with paddy rice, and regulate father and mother's florescence originally, disclosed as United States Patent (USP) 4305225 is this alternate plantation of father and mother of paddy rice, then with the control field water yield with use gibberellin to regulate the synchronous to reach the purpose of flower synchronization of this heading of father and mother and pollination; CN92106819.0 is disclosed to be to catch up with powder and improve maternal stigma exposing ratio in the peak period unification of male parent loose powder, creates best different friendship situation and maternal openness angle of flag leaf is changed, and gets rid of the pollination obstacle, in the time of need not regulating father's flower of female parent and reach the method for high-yield seeds production; CN92111766.3 is disclosed when being the more complete comprehensive adjusting flower of a cover, improves the pollen availability, realizes the high-yield seeds production method.But how fundamentally to solve this florescence, flower of hybrid seeding father and mother the time meet, reduce simultaneously as catch up with artificial loaded down with trivial details production of hybrid seeds programs such as powder, this kind of father and mother to reach stable high-yield seeds production, the road of walking to utilize storage pollen is a valid approach.
The present invention is intended to propose a whole set of pollen storage technology, to prolong the pollen life-span, makes the pollen of storage a period of time that sprouting power not only be arranged, and has the insemination ability, can be normally solid after the pollination; Especially for setting up one " world crop pollen storehouse ", supply all over the world merit or the kind pollen of beneficial gene technical parameter that science is provided for breeding men at any time.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is: place following condition to preserve the pollen of gathering, (1) low temperature storage, the reserve temperature of the short-term storage of pollen is 0~5 ℃, reserve temperature is-196 ℃ during long term storage, (2) humidity control: during the storage of pollen short-term, temperature is 30~35%, during long term storage, humidity is 25~30%, (3) lucifuge storage: the pollen that leaves flower pesticide must place absolute dark lucifuge storage until use immediately, (4) use during pollen storage the actinomycin (Actinomycin) 0 of 1~5ppm to make the pollen respiration inhibitor, the pollen thickness during (5) storage should be controlled at below the 5mm; Pollen in the medium-term and long-term storage of ultralow temperature needs precooling treatment before storage, promptly earlier pollen was placed under 0 ℃ of temperature condition 1~2 hour, places under-80 ℃ of temperature condition 3~4 hours again, enters ultralow temperature (196 ℃) storage again; Simultaneously, at the pollen of the medium-term and long-term storage of ultralow temperature, during storage, use 2~5%DMSO4 (dimethyl alum) or 5% glucose to add 2~5%DMSO4 and make antifreezing agent; For the detection of storage pollen fertility, the artificial germination medium prescription of employing is:
Starch 0.05g/ml
Sucrose 40~50%
MnSO 4?????8~10 -5
Agar 0.5~1.0%
H 3BO 3????50~100ppm
PH?????????5.6~6.0
Be that example is described in further detail the present invention below with the paddy rice.
Paddy pollen to be preserved, collection should be the male parent full-bloom stage period, and acquisition time is the morning 10~12 points, and in afternoon 1~3 points, pollen will enter in the low temperature bottle (temperature is about 0 ℃) after leaving flower pesticide immediately, and is in the dark condition; The pollen germination rate that attention machinery is adopted behind the powder is not less than 40%.Remove foreign material with sieve or manual method before the pollen storage of gathering, as flower pesticide, other impurity of clever collection; And with germination rate in the lower pollen classification storage of the golden yellow pollen more than 40% and germination rate; Adopt in the powder process at machinery, sometimes owing to the rotating speed of adopting powder machinery is too fast, it is strong that pollen was moved, cause temporary transient " shock ", but as long as pollen grain does not break, through restorative processing, promptly under dark condition, change over to and in 3-4 hours, can sprout under 25 ℃ of normal temperature conditions from low temperature, still can preserve as pollination and use.
The low temperature storage of pollen is divided into common low temperature storage and ultralow temperature is preserved two kinds, when time of pollen storage during at 7~15 days, can take common low temperature storage, promptly place 0~5 ℃ refrigerator to preserve, and, can place storage in the liquid nitrogen container (196 ℃) for the pollen of need storage more than 60 days; In liquid nitrogen container, preserved 60 days pollen, the pollen tube length of each kind pollen germination rate and sprouting pollen, the level that has almost kept fresh pollen, and place pollen in 5~7 ℃ of refrigerators, pollen germination rate after 60 days has reduced by 30~40% than the germination rate of fresh pollen mostly, the reduction that has (seeing Table 1) over half.
Table 1 low temperature storage is to the influence of pollen germination
(storage time 60 days)
Kind ?????????1R26 ??????????1R38 2.6 narrow morning ????????TO498
The project holding conditions Germination rate (%) Pollen tube length (μ) Germination rate (%) Pollen tube length (μ) Germination rate (%) Pollen tube length (μ) Germination rate (%) Pollen tube length (μ)
Fresh pollen (28~30 ℃) ??32.75 ??10±3 ????31.37 ??8±3.0 ???36.00 ???9±2.1 ???28.85 ??6±3.1
Refrigerator (5-7 ℃) ??26.61 ??7.5±1 ????12.13 ??3.5-7 ???12.30 ???7.5±1.0 ???16.56 ??7±1.0
Liquid nitrogen container (196 ℃) ??31.63 ??10± ?????1.5 ????32.75 ??7.5±2 ???5.29 ???7.0±1.0 ???26.40 ??5±1.5
Under cryogenic conditions, the vitality of pollen is to reduce gradually with the prolongation of storage time.Under 2~5 ℃ of conditions, at preceding 60 days of storage, pollen viability fell significantly, and the attenuating of later decrease speed also can keep about germination rate below 10% after 180 days, and storage time is after 365 days, the pollen viability total loss of all kinds.Yet the vitality of storage pollen keeps better in liquid nitrogen container (196 ℃), preserves 180 days pollen, and germination rate only reduces about about 20% than fresh pollen, still have higher germination rate after 365 days, is equivalent to about 70% (seeing Table 2) of fresh pollen.
The pollen viability of table 2 ultralow temperature (196 ℃) storage
Kind Prestige excellent 35 Prestige excellent 64 2.6 narrow morning Surplus red 236-8 Farming tiger No. 6 ???????IR26
Project (storage time) Germination rate (%) Relative percentage Germination rate (%) Relative percentage Germination rate (%) Relative percentage Germination rate Relative percentage Germination rate Relative percentage Germination rate Relative percentage
Fresh pollen (28-30 ℃) ?38.64 ???100 ??40.94 ??100 ??41.00 ???100 ??41.42 ??100 ??41.86 ??100 ??32.95 ??100
In the liquid nitrogen (180 days) ?29.75 ???77.35 ??34.41 ??84.04 ??35.52 ???86.63 ??33.20 ??80.15 ??62.60 ??77.87 ??28.30 ??85.88
In the liquid nitrogen (365 days) ?26.55 ???69.03 ??28.66 ??70.00 ??29.70 ???72.43 ??27.74 ??66.97 ??29.32 ??70.04 ??24.20 ??73.44
Temperature mainly be that high temperature can make the enzymic activity of pollen reduce rapidly, and low temperature helps the maintenance that enzymic activity particularly helps the cytochrome oxidase activity to the influence of pollen viability.
The pollen of storage must be dry, could keep the vitality of long period, and germination rate is higher when pollinating, and fertility is good.Therefore the pollen of gathering dried 2~3 hours in the atmosphere of 25 ℃ of left and right sides temperature, relative moisture 60%, or through Cacl 2Dehydrate with silica gel, pollen water content is reduced could be preserved, the pollen of short-term storage, and humidity is controlled at 30~35%, and the pollen of long term storage, humidity should be controlled at 25~30%.
The pollen of storage should place under the dark condition immediately from just collecting, and the overall process of storage can not be seen light, absolute lucifuge, one when pollen uses till; Dark storage pollen also is to improve the blodynamic essential condition of storage pollen, because paddy pollen is relatively more responsive to light radiation, even faint light radiation also has destruction to the vitality of pollen, mainly shows the sprouting that suppresses pollen and the elongation of pollen tube.
During storage pollen, use 1~5ppm actinomycin O (Actinomycin 0) can reduce the pollen respiratory intensity, to prolong the pollen life-span, this is because actinomycin 0 is the mRNA transcription inhibitor, and the mRNA that pollen germination need newly be transcribed, so the actinomycin 0 of pollen storage use low concentration is one of measure that prolongs the pollen life-span.
The THICKNESS CONTROL of storage pollen layer is in order to prevent the blocked up pollen that causes of pollen layer " self-heating " phenomenon below 5mm, causes local temperature high and influence the pollen life-span.
Pollen for the medium-term and long-term storage of ultralow temperature (196 ℃) liquid nitrogen container, in order to prevent the cold shock of fast cooling, should carry out precooling treatment, i.e. precooling 1~2 hour in 0 ℃ of temperature earlier, enter under-80 ℃ of temperature condition 3~4 hours again, move into storage in liquid jar at last, the freeze injury in order to prevent that low overtemperature storage from causing can be used 2~5%DMSO simultaneously 4Or 5% glucose+2~5%DMSO 4Make antifreezing agent.
The detection of pollen fertility is an indispensable part in the pollen storage technology, once reported a kind of paddy pollen germination medium in the past, but pollen is at the germination rate on this medium only about 5%, and the pollen germination rate on the column cap is up to 60~70%, and therefore this medium can not detect as the fertility of pollen.The fertility that the present invention proposes detects medium, and therefore its pollen germination rate can detect as the fertility of pollen near the pollen germination rate on the column cap.On synthetic medium, do sprouting test with IR26 pollen, simultaneously at IR 26The observation of pollinating on the column cap, the result shows, fresh pollen and leave in the pollen 5 minutes pollen the germination rate on the synthetic medium be respectively 40.61% and 31.52% and column cap on germination rate 50.60% more approaching.
The purpose of storage pollen is in order to improve the ripening rate of the breeding of hybridized rice and the production of hybrid seeds.Studies show that paddy pollen is preserved the higher germination rate that also has more than 2 months, still can keep certain sprouting level in 1 year.Yet reflect that really pollen fertility is a test of pollination, the storage pollen fertility test in 87~88 years shows, through preserving 2 months pollen, except that the ripening rate low slightly (6.25%) that Xian * round-grained rice is handed over, all more than 10%, illustrate that storage pollen has kept fertility preferably, reached ripening rate level (seeing Table 3) with the fresh pollen pollination.
The fertility of table 3 storage pollen (60 days) is identified (Changsha in 1987)
Ripening rate (%)
Normal luxuriant and rich with fragrance 22A * 79-85 (Xian) 11.5
Normal luxuriant and rich with fragrance 22A * pollen mixture (kind) 14.0
No. 2 (round-grained rice) 6.25 of normal luxuriant and rich with fragrance 22A * Yue Nong
Normal luxuriant and rich with fragrance 22A * pollen mixture (fresh pollen) 12.08
(C.K)
The pollen of four strains carries out the field test of pollination 2~5 ℃ of low temperature storages after 7 days, ripening rate average out to 9.41%, wherein with the pollen pollination rate of kind up to 18.81% (seeing Table 4).The fertility of table 4 storage pollen is identified (1988)
Hybrid combination Hybridization grain number The mature grain number Ripening rate %
29 rich 305 * 29 rich 305 ????101 ????19 ????18.81
Dragon excellent 48 * 84-66 ????52 ????5 ????9.62
84—66×84—66 ????148 ????13 ????8.78
Hunan is Xian No. 1 * 84 * 66 early ????81 ????7 ????8.64
29 rich 305 * 84-66 ????90 ????7 ????7.78
Amount to ????542 ????51 ????9.41
Contrast (not pollinating) is castrated ????400 ????0 ????0
Parent's difference of hybrid combination, the ripening rate of pollination has certain difference, and is general with the ripening rate height of inter breed crossing than different inter breed crossing.
The storage pollen fertility experiment of carrying out in the breeding of hybrid rice field in August, 88, result's following (seeing Table 5),
The fertility of table 5 storage (preserving seven days) pollen is identified
Male sterile line * male parent Hybridization grain number The mature grain number Ripening rate %
The positive A of dragon * 403 ????85 ????5 ????5.88
The positive A of dragon * bright extensive 63 ????100 ????10 ????10.00
Positive A * the Milyang 46 of dragon ????40 ????3 ????7.50
Positive A * the Milyang 46 of dragon ????34 ????3 ????8.82
The positive A of dragon * bright extensive 63 ????57 ????3 ????5.26
The positive A of dragon * unknown rice ????61 ????13 ????21.31
Amount to ????377 ????37 ????9.81
Positive A is a female parent with dragon, awards the storage pollen that recovers system with difference, and ripening rate on average reaches 9.81%.What will propose especially is, when at a time when the rare autumn flood in Hunan, the natural outcrossing rate of general seed farm approaches zero, almost lose and receive, and utilize the storage pollen pollination can obtain higher ripening rate, and prove that storage practice of the present invention is reliably, illustrate that also storage pollen not only can be used for crossbreeding simultaneously, also can be used for the production of hybrid seeds, improve hybrid seed yield.
Temperature was lower when wheat was bloomed, so pollen is when storing, can be not with respiration inhibitor; When gathering owing to pollen simultaneously, field relative moisture is 70~80%, and when therefore entering storage, pollen water content can be higher slightly, but should continue after the storage to dewater, and water content is remained on below 30%.The ripening rate (seeing Table 6) of the wheat pollen of (0-7 ℃) storage under cryogenic conditions.
The ripening rate of table 6 wheat storage pollen
????2 ????3 ????4 ????5 ????7 ????10
Storage pollen ?83.5% ?80.5% ??80.0% ??75.5% ?70.5% ??65.7%
CK (at every turn with fresh pollen pollination on the same day) ?65.3% ?66.3% ??63.7% ??62.1% ?61.5% ??63.7%
Wheat pollen is to H 3BO 3Insensitive, so the artificial germination medium that adopts in the detection of the fertility of wheat storage pollen needn't add H 3BO 3
The rape pollen of preserving under 0~5 ℃ of temperature condition was preserved after 16 days, and pollen germination rate still can reach 53.2% (seeing Table 7).
The storage time of table 7 rape pollen and germination rate
Storage time (my god) Pollen germination rate (%) Pollen tube (μ)
?????0 ????70.2 ???168
?????4 ????43.4 ???131
?????8 ????62.8 ???117
?????12 ????57.9 ???108
?????16 ????53.2 ???99
Rape when the full exhibition of petal, the maturity height of pollen, the rape pollen that gather this moment is energetic, the germination rate height.
Zasiokaurin (196 ℃) in liquid jar was preserved 15-18 days, and the germination rate of pollen is 55~65%.
Therefore the storage practice of pollen of crops can be applied to the pollen storage of various crops, the crossbreeding production of hybrid seeds ripening rate that improves crops has been opened up new approach, and lays a solid foundation for the foundation in pollen of crops storehouse.

Claims (4)

1, the supporting pollen of crops storage practice of a kind of and cross-breeding technology is characterized in that: the pollen of gathering is placed under the following condition preserve:
(1) reserve temperature of pollen short-term storage is 0-5 ℃, and during long term storage, reserve temperature is-196 ℃,
(2), humidity control, during the storage of pollen short-term, humidity is 30-35%, the humidity of long term storage is 25~30%.
(3), lucifuge storage, the pollen that leaves flower pesticide must place absolute dark lucifuge storage until use immediately.
(4), when storage use 1-5ppm actinomycin (Actinomycin) 0 as the pollen respiration inhibitor,
The pollen layer thickness is controlled at below the 5mm when (5), preserving.
2, by the described pollen of crops storage practice of claim 1, the pollen that it is characterized in that the medium-term and long-term storage of ultralow temperature needs precooling treatment before storage, promptly earlier pollen was placed under 0 ℃ of temperature condition 1-2 hours, placed again under-80 ℃ of conditions 3-4 hours, enter the ultralow temperature storage at last again.
3, by claim 1,2 described pollen of crops storage practices, when it is characterized in that the ultralow temperature long term storage, with 2-5%DMSO 4(dimethyl alum) or glucose+2-5%DMSO of 5% 4Make antifreezing agent.
4, a kind of method that is specifically designed to the detection of storage pollen fertility is characterized in that the artificial sprouting cultivation prescription that adopts is:
Starch 0.05g/ml
Sucrose 40~50%
MnSO 4??????8~10 -5
Agar 0.5~1.0%
H 3Bo 3?????50~100ppm
PH??????????56~6.0
CN 94111165 1994-09-15 1994-09-15 Storage method for pollen of crops Pending CN1118650A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1094037C (en) * 1999-11-23 2002-11-13 雷州市科技服务中心 Ultra-low temperature breeding method
CN1102021C (en) * 1999-05-26 2003-02-26 陈家桢 Method for long-term storage of pollen activity
WO2019010360A1 (en) * 2017-07-06 2019-01-10 Accelerated Ag Technologies, Llc Pollen preservation method
CN114698631A (en) * 2022-04-25 2022-07-05 青岛金妈妈农业科技有限公司 Corn pollen storage method
CN115500348A (en) * 2022-10-31 2022-12-23 湖南省蔬菜研究所 Storage method of towel gourd pollen
RU2799580C2 (en) * 2017-07-06 2023-07-06 Акселерейтед Эй Джи Текнолоджиз, Ллк Pollen preservation method
EP4304327A4 (en) * 2021-03-08 2025-03-26 Monsanto Technology LLC SOLUTIONS AND METHODS FOR LONG-TERM STORAGE OF POLLEN

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1102021C (en) * 1999-05-26 2003-02-26 陈家桢 Method for long-term storage of pollen activity
CN1094037C (en) * 1999-11-23 2002-11-13 雷州市科技服务中心 Ultra-low temperature breeding method
WO2019010360A1 (en) * 2017-07-06 2019-01-10 Accelerated Ag Technologies, Llc Pollen preservation method
CN110868855A (en) * 2017-07-06 2020-03-06 艾乐速Ag技术有限公司 How to store pollen
RU2799580C2 (en) * 2017-07-06 2023-07-06 Акселерейтед Эй Джи Текнолоджиз, Ллк Pollen preservation method
EP4371402A3 (en) * 2017-07-06 2024-09-25 Accelerated AG Technologies, LLC Pollen preservation method
US12245587B2 (en) 2017-07-06 2025-03-11 Accelerated Ag Technologies, Llc Pollen preservation method
EP4304327A4 (en) * 2021-03-08 2025-03-26 Monsanto Technology LLC SOLUTIONS AND METHODS FOR LONG-TERM STORAGE OF POLLEN
CN114698631A (en) * 2022-04-25 2022-07-05 青岛金妈妈农业科技有限公司 Corn pollen storage method
CN115500348A (en) * 2022-10-31 2022-12-23 湖南省蔬菜研究所 Storage method of towel gourd pollen
CN115500348B (en) * 2022-10-31 2023-11-07 湖南省蔬菜研究所 Method for storing towel gourd pollen

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