CN111848258A - Rapid conversion system of biomass to gas-liquid solid fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The rapid conversion system of biomass to gas-liquid solid fertilizer is composed of two parts: anaerobic fermentation tank and biogas slurry residue tank. Among them, the fermentation tank can meet the requirements of batch, intermittent and continuous anaerobic fermentation. A small amount of additives rich in N, P, K elements are used as fermentation raw materials, which not only promotes the anaerobic fermentation process, but also increases the total nutrient content of the feed liquid. The biogas generated by fermentation is quickly converted into light energy, heat energy and CO ₂ gas fertilizer, the material liquid discharged from the overflow port of the fermentation tank is aerobic treated by hot air in the biogas slurry residue tank, which can effectively speed up the degradation rate of BOD and COD, and quickly convert it into liquid fertilizer with high decomposing degree. At the end of fermentation, the discharged biogas residue can be directly used as solid fertilizer. At the same time, the PV/T system converts light energy into heat energy and electricity, providing sufficient heat for the fermentation tank and the electricity required to start the control box and water pump. It can realize the efficient recycling of energy resources.

Description

Rapid conversion system of biomass to gas-liquid solid fertilizer

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of biogas, in particular to the rapid conversion technology of biomass to gas-liquid solid fertilizer.

Background technique

Vegetable waste has the characteristics of high moisture content and rich nutrition. Usually, the solid (dry matter) content in the tail vegetable garbage is 8% to 15%, and the organic matter in the dry matter accounts for 80% to 95%.

The traditional way of dealing with organic waste is mainly landfill or incineration. Landfilling is easy to operate, but it usually consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, occupies valuable land resources, and the input cost is getting higher and higher. Incineration can quickly reduce the volume of waste, and the heat generated can be used as thermal energy for power generation, but it often causes air pollution problems due to improper incineration conditions and methods.

Anaerobic fermentation technology can degrade the solid waste of tail vegetable, and can generate biogas energy at the same time, which has great economic benefits. However, due to the high water content in tail vegetables, a large amount of biogas slurry is produced and the utilization rate of biogas slurry is low, and it is easily hydrolyzed and acidified during the anaerobic fermentation process, and the volatile fatty acids produced inhibit the process of methane production. In addition, anaerobic fermentation technology requires a stable heat source for constant temperature heating, and most of the treatment methods have high heat loss and investment costs.

The growth of crops in the greenhouse requires the application of organic fertilizer and carbon dioxide gas fertilizer. In the prior art, the preparation cost of organic fertilizer is relatively high, and the fermentation of organic fertilizer is incomplete after fertilization, and the maturity of fertilizer is low, which is easy to cause adverse effects such as burning seedlings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rapid conversion system of biomass to gas-liquid solid fertilizer.

The present invention is a rapid conversion system of biomass to gas-liquid solid fertilizer, including an anaerobic fermentation tank 1 for fermenting raw materials of tail vegetables, a biogas slurry and biogas residue tank 2 for producing liquid organic fertilizer, and a biogas slurry tank for storing hot air. Greenhouse keel 3, ventilation pipe 4 for maturing biogas slurry and residue, PV/T board 5 for photothermal and photoelectric conversion, hot water storage tank 6 for storing hot water and heating fermentation tank, for heating fermentation The coil 14 of the tank 1, the gas collection bag 7 for collecting biogas, the biogas lamp 8 for igniting the biogas, the control box 9 for controlling the start and stop of the water pump and the fan, for regulating and protecting the PV/T board circuit 5 The control inverter integrated machine 40, and the battery pack 39 for storing electrical energy, the anaerobic fermentation tank 1 includes an input port and an output port, the input port of the anaerobic fermentation tank 1 is the feed port 10, and the anaerobic fermentation tank 1 The output port of the fermentation tank includes a biogas output port 11, a biogas residue discharge port 12 and a biogas slurry overflow port 13. The biogas output port 11 is connected to the gas collecting bag 7, and the output end of the gas collecting bag 7 is connected to the biogas lamp 8, so The biogas slurry overflow port 13 is connected to the biogas slurry and biogas residue tank 2, and the biogas slurry and biogas residue tank 2 includes an air inlet 43, a feed port 21, an exhaust port 42 and a discharge port 18. The PV/T The plate 5 is connected to the hot water storage tank 6, the hot water storage tank 6 is connected to the heating coil 14 of the anaerobic fermentation tank, the input port of the ventilation pipe 4 is connected to the greenhouse keel 3, and the output port of the ventilation pipe 4 is connected to the biogas slurry and biogas residue Tank 2.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The system degrades the tail vegetable by anaerobic fermentation, turns waste into treasure, and realizes the recycling of resources. 2. The system makes full use of solar radiation heat. The PV/T system not only provides shade for the greenhouse, but also converts light energy into heat energy and electrical energy. The converted heat energy is stored in the water tank with water as the medium to provide The fermentation tank provides heat, and the converted electrical energy is stored in the battery pack for starting the control box and water pump. 3. Put the urea fertilizer and the tail vegetable into the fermentation tank in proportion to adjust the fermentation pH and C/N, ease the acid inhibition process, promote gas production, and also increase the N, P, K and other nutrients in the discharged biogas slurry and residue. Huge improvements. And the hot air in the greenhouse keel is passed into the biogas slurry and biogas residue tank by the fan to speed up the degradation rate of BOD and COD of the feed liquid, so that the biogas slurry and biogas residue is deeply matured, and the effect of rapid production of liquid fertilizer and solid fertilizer is achieved. 4. The biogas produced by anaerobic fermentation is quickly converted into carbon dioxide gas fertilizer by lighting the biogas lamp, and the greenhouse is heated and supplemented with light, which strengthens photosynthesis and promotes the growth of crops.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a system structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an anaerobic fermentation tank of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a biogas slurry and biogas residue tank of the present invention.

Detailed ways

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the present invention is a rapid conversion system of biomass to gas-liquid solid fertilizer, including an anaerobic fermentation tank 1 for fermenting raw materials of tail vegetables, and a biogas slurry and biogas residue for producing liquid organic fertilizer Tank 2, greenhouse keel 3 for storing hot air, ventilation duct 4 for maturing biogas slurry and residue, PV/T board 5 for photothermal and photoelectric conversion, and storage for hot water heating fermentation tank. The hot water tank 6, the coil 14 for heating the fermentation tank 1, the gas collecting bag 7 for collecting the biogas, the biogas lamp 8 for igniting the biogas, the control box 9 for controlling the start and stop of the water pump and the fan, for The control and inverter integrated machine 40 for regulating and protecting the PV/T board circuit 5, and the battery pack 39 for storing electrical energy, the anaerobic fermentation tank 1 includes an input port and an output port, and the input port of the anaerobic fermentation tank 1 is Feed port 10, the output port of the anaerobic fermentation tank includes a biogas output port 11, a biogas residue discharge port 12 and a biogas slurry overflow port 13, the biogas output port 11 is connected to a gas collection bag 7, the gas collection bag 7. The output end is connected to the biogas lamp 8, and the biogas slurry overflow port 13 is connected to the biogas slurry and biogas residue tank 2. The biogas slurry and biogas residue tank 2 includes an air inlet 43, a feeding port 21, an exhaust port 42 and a discharge port 42. The material port 18, the PV/T plate 5 is connected to the hot water storage tank 6, the hot water storage tank 6 is connected to the anaerobic fermentation tank heating coil 14, the input port of the ventilation pipe 4 is connected to the greenhouse keel 3, and the ventilation The output port of the pipeline 4 is connected to the biogas slurry and biogas residue tank 2 .

The method can solve the problem that the traditional anaerobic fermentation of tail vegetables is easy to acidify and inhibit the process of anaerobic methane production, and the addition of exogenous additives such as urea in the anaerobic fermentation tank can not only promote gas production, but also greatly improve the biogas slurry. The nutrients of the digestate. In addition, the solar radiation heat energy is effectively utilized, and through the photothermal and photoelectric conversion principle of the PV/T system, sufficient heat is provided for the fermentation tank and the electricity required to start the control box and the water pump is provided. The system not only realizes the efficient recycling of cauliflower resources, but also efficiently utilizes energy, quickly converts cauliflower waste into gas-liquid solid fertilizer, and promotes high-quality growth of greenhouse crops.

As shown in FIG. 1 , a heating coil 14 and a temperature sensor 15 are provided outside the anaerobic fermentation tank 1 , and the temperature sensor 15 is connected to the control box 9 . The volume of the anaerobic fermentation tank 1 is 0.56 m ³ .

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the fermenter feed port 10 is in the shape of a funnel with an inclined angle, and the vertical direction deviates by 15°, and the fermentation raw materials are cauliflower waste and a small amount of urea rich in N, P, K, etc. Exogenous additions to elements.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , a gas valve 41 is connected behind the biogas output port 11 , and a gas collecting bag 7 is connected behind the gas valve 41 .

As shown in FIG. 1 , the output port of the gas collection bag 7 is connected to a valve 16 , the valve 16 is connected to a biogas booster pump 17 , and the biogas booster pump 17 is connected to a biogas lamp 8 .

As shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the output end of the biogas slurry overflow port 13 is connected to the input port 21 of the biogas slurry and biogas residue tank.

As shown in FIG. 1 , a temperature sensor 22 is provided in the biogas slurry tank 2 . Among them, the volume of the biogas slurry and biogas residue tank 2 is 0.27 m ³ .

As shown in Figure 1, the greenhouse keel 3 is a hollow pipe, the output port of the hollow pipe of the greenhouse keel 3 is connected to a valve 23, the valve 23 is connected to a fan 24, and the air outlet of the fan 24 is connected to the air inlet of the biogas slurry and residue tank Pipe 25.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the hot water storage tank 6 is provided with a water inlet and outlet, and the water outlet 26 at one end of the hot water storage tank is connected to a valve 27, the valve 27 is connected to a water pump 28, and the water pump 28 is connected to the PV/T board inlet and outlet. The water inlet 29, the water inlet 30 at one end of the hot water storage tank is connected to the PV/T board water outlet 31. One end of the water outlet 32 of the hot water storage tank is connected to the valve 33, the valve 33 is connected to the water pump 34, the water pump 34 is connected to the water inlet 35 of the fermenter coil, and the water inlet 36 of one end of the hot water tank is connected to the fermenter coil Water outlet 37.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the hot water storage tank 6 is provided with a temperature sensor 38 , and the temperature sensor 38 is connected to the control box 9 .

As shown in FIG. 1 , the PV/T board 5 is connected to an integrated control and inverter machine 40 , and the integrated control and inverter machine 40 is respectively connected to the control box 9 and the battery pack 39 .

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. It should be noted that, if there is no conflict, various features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, which are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

The organic fertilizer mentioned in the present invention is commonly known as farmyard manure, including various animal and plant residues or metabolites, such as human and animal manure, straw, animal residues, slaughterhouse waste and the like. Organic fertilizer is a kind of fertilizer that is formed by using physical, chemical, biological or all three treatment technologies, through certain processing technology, to achieve harmless standards, and in line with relevant national standards and regulations. The nutrient requirements of the organic fertilizer mentioned in the present invention mainly follow the standard of "Organic-Inorganic Compound Liquid Fertilizer", wherein the organic matter is greater than or equal to 150 g/L, and the total nutrients are greater than or equal to 110 g/L.

The requirements for aerobic treatment of biogas slurry mentioned in the present invention mainly follow the "Water Quality Standard for Farmland Irrigation", wherein the chemical oxygen demand of processed, cooked and peeled vegetables is ≤100 mg/L, raw vegetables, melons and herbal fruits are chemically Oxygen demand ≤ 60 mg/L, Kjeldahl nitrogen ≤ 30 mg/L, total phosphorus ≤ 10 mg/L, water temperature ≤ 35 ℃, pH 5.8~8.5.

In this embodiment, a heating coil 14 is provided in the anaerobic fermentation tank 1 for heating the fermentation tank, and a temperature sensor (15) is built in to control the temperature in the tank to be constant. Among them, the heating coil is placed on the side wall of the fermentation tank, which is beneficial to the uniform heating of the tank. As for the temperature sensor 15 in the middle of the side wall of the fermenter, the temperature error measured is relatively small. The temperature sensor 15 feeds back the measured temperature signal to the control box 9, and then the control box 9 controls the start and stop of the water pump to realize the constant temperature heating effect of the fermentation tank. The temperature in the fermentation tank (1) should be kept at 37±1℃. As shown in Figure 2, the anaerobic fermentation tank 1 is 1 m long, 0.7 m wide, 0.8 m high, and has a volume of 0.56 m ³ , which can absorb the tail vegetable waste produced by general greenhouses, and the effective volume of the fermenting tank 1 is generally the volume of the tank. 80% ~ 85%.

In the present embodiment, the feed port 10 of the fermenter tank is added with substances rich in N, P, K elements such as cauliflower and urea, which can adjust the pH and C/N of the feed liquid, relieve the acid inhibition process, promote gas production, and also make The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and other nutrients in the discharged biogas slurry and residue are greatly improved. In addition, the feeding port 10 of the fermentation tank is in the shape of a funnel with an inclined angle, and the vertical direction is deviated by 15°, so that the material slides into the tank and is convenient for feeding.

In this embodiment, the biogas output port 11 is connected to the gas valve 12, the gas valve 12 is connected to the gas collecting bag 7, the output port of the gas collecting bag 7 is connected to the valve 16, the valve 16 is connected to the biogas booster pump 17, and the biogas booster pump 17 Connect the biogas lamp 8. Among them, the biogas booster pump can increase the pressure of the biogas, so that the biogas lamp can be easily ignited.

In this embodiment, the output end of the biogas slurry overflow port 13 is connected to the input port 21 of the biogas slurry and biogas residue tank. In the continuous and batch fermentation modes, when the water level reaches the overflow port position during feeding, the biogas slurry will automatically It is discharged into the biogas slurry and residue tank 2, which can meet the requirements of continuous/intermittent feeding and discharging.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 , the biogas slurry residue tank 2 is 0.6 m long, 0.6 m wide, 0.75 m high, and has a volume of 0.27 m ³ , which can handle the biogas slurry overflowing from the fermentation tank 1 . The biogas slurry and biogas residue tank 2 is provided with a temperature sensor 22 , and the temperature sensor 22 is connected to the control box 9 . Among them, the temperature sensor 22 is located in the middle of the side wall of the tank, and the temperature error measured is relatively small. The temperature sensor 22 feeds back the measured temperature signal to the control box 9 , and then the control box 9 controls the fan to start and stop, so as to realize the temperature control of the feed liquid in the biogas slurry and residue tank 2 . The upper side of the biogas slurry and biogas residue tank 2 is provided with an exhaust port 42 for discharging air and nitrogen and ammonia generated by the reaction. In addition, the heat required for aerobic treatment is provided by the residual heat of biogas slurry and hot air, which can meet the aerobic temperature requirements.

In this embodiment, the greenhouse keel 3 is a hollow pipe, and the surface is coated with heat-absorbing material. The output port of the greenhouse keel 3 hollow pipe is connected to the valve 23, the valve 23 is connected to the fan 24, and the air outlet of the fan 24 is connected to the inlet pipe of the biogas slurry and biogas residue tank. 25. Among them, the keel 3 absorbs the solar radiation heat and the heat on the back of the PV/T board 5 to heat the air in the keel, and the surface of the keel is coated with heat-absorbing material to enhance the heat exchange effect.

In this embodiment, the hot water storage tank 6 is provided with a water inlet and outlet, the water outlet 26 of one end of the hot water storage tank is connected to the valve 27, the valve 27 is connected to the water pump 28, the water pump 28 is connected to the PV/T board water inlet 29, and one end of the hot water storage tank is connected to the water pump 28. The water inlet 30 is connected to the PV/T board water outlet 31 . Using the principle of light-to-heat conversion of PV/T panels, the water in the hot water storage tank is circulated and heated by the water pump. The water outlet 32 of one end of the hot water storage tank is connected to the valve 33, the valve 33 is connected to the water pump 34, the water pump 34 is connected to the water inlet 35 of the fermenter coil, and the water inlet 36 of one end of the hot water tank is connected to the water outlet 37 of the fermenter coil. The water in the hot water storage tank is pumped by the water pump to the water inlet of the heating coil to heat the fermentation tank, and then flows into the water tank from the water outlet of the coil to form a cycle.

In this embodiment, the hot water storage tank 6 is provided with a temperature sensor 38 , and the temperature sensor 38 is connected to the control box 9 . As for the temperature sensor 38 in the middle of the side wall of the water tank, the temperature error measured is small. The temperature sensor 38 feeds back the measured temperature signal to the control box 9, and the control box 9 controls the start and stop of the low-speed running water pump to improve the heating effect of the hot water in the water tank.

In addition, the outside of the fermentation tank 1, the hot water storage tank 6, and the biogas slurry and biogas residue tank 2 are all wrapped with thermal insulation cotton to reduce heat loss.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, as long as the technical effects of the present invention are achieved by the same means, they should all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A rapid conversion system for biomass to gas-liquid solid fertilizer, characterized in that it includes an anaerobic fermentation tank (1) for fermenting raw materials for tail vegetables, and a biogas slurry and biogas residue tank (2) for producing liquid organic fertilizer , greenhouse keel (3) for storing hot air, ventilation duct (4) for maturing biogas slurry and residue, PV/T board (5) for photothermal and photoelectric conversion, for storing hot water for heating The water storage tank (6) for the fermentation tank, the coil (14) for heating the fermentation tank (1), the gas collecting bag (7) for collecting the biogas, the biogas lamp (8) for igniting the biogas, and the The control box (9) for controlling the start and stop of water pumps and fans, the control and inverter integrated machine (40) for regulating and protecting the PV/T board circuit (5), and the battery pack (39) for storing electrical energy. The anaerobic fermenter (1) includes an input port and an output port, the input port of the anaerobic fermenter (1) is a feed port (10), and the output port of the anaerobic fermenter includes a biogas output port (11), A biogas residue discharge port (12) and a biogas slurry overflow port (13), the biogas output port (11) is connected to a gas collecting bag (7), and the output end of the gas collecting bag (7) is connected to a biogas lamp (8), The biogas slurry overflow port (13) is connected to the biogas slurry and biogas residue tank (2), and the biogas slurry and biogas residue tank (2) includes an air inlet (43), a feed port (21), and an exhaust port ( 42) and the discharge port (18), the PV/T plate (5) is connected to the hot water storage tank (6), and the hot water storage tank (6) is connected to the anaerobic fermentation tank heating coil (14), so The input port of the ventilation pipe (4) is connected to the greenhouse keel (3), and the output port of the ventilation pipe (4) is connected to the biogas slurry and residue tank (2). 2. The biomass-to-gas-liquid-solid fertilizer rapid conversion system according to claim 1, wherein the anaerobic fermentation tank (1) is provided with a heating coil (14) and a temperature sensor (15) outside the tank, The temperature sensor (15) is connected to the control box (9). 3. The biomass-to-gas-liquid-solid fertilizer rapid conversion system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the biogas output port (11) is connected to a gas valve (41), and the gas valve (41) is connected to a collector Air bag (7). 4. The biomass-to-gas-liquid-solid fertilizer rapid conversion system according to claim 4, characterized in that: the output end of the gas collection bag (7) is connected to a valve (16), and the valve (16) is connected to a biogas booster A pump (17), the biogas booster pump (17) is connected to the biogas lamp (8). 5. The rapid conversion system of biomass to gas-liquid solid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the output end of the biogas slurry overflow port (13) is connected to the input port (21) of the biogas slurry and biogas residue tank. 6 . The rapid conversion system for biomass to gas-liquid solid fertilizer according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature sensor ( 22 ) is provided in the biogas slurry and biogas residue tank ( 2 ). 7 . 7. The biomass-to-gas-liquid-solid fertilizer rapid conversion system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the greenhouse keel (3) is a hollow pipeline, and the output port of the hollow pipeline of the greenhouse keel (3) is connected to a valve (23) ), the valve (23) is connected to the fan (24), and the air outlet of the fan (24) is connected to the air inlet pipe (25) of the biogas slurry and biogas residue tank. 8. The rapid conversion system of biomass to gas-liquid solid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hot water storage tank (6) is provided with a water inlet and outlet, and one end of the hot water storage tank is provided with a water outlet (26). The valve (27) is connected, the valve (27) is connected to the water pump (28), the water pump (28) is connected to the PV/T board water inlet (29), and the water inlet (30) of the hot water storage tank is connected to the PV/T board water inlet (30). The water outlet (31) of the T plate; the water outlet (32) at one end of the hot water storage tank is connected to a valve (33), the valve (33) is connected to a water pump (34), and the water pump (34) is connected to the fermenter coil inlet The water inlet (35), the water inlet (36) at one end of the hot water storage tank is connected to the water outlet (37) of the fermenter coil. 9. The biomass-to-gas-liquid-solid fertilizer rapid conversion system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hot water storage tank (6) is provided with a temperature sensor (38), and the temperature sensor (38) is connected to control Box (9). 10. The rapid conversion system of biomass to gas-liquid solid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the PV/T board (5) is connected to an integrated control and inverter machine (40), and the integrated control and inverter machine (40) Connect the control box (9) and the battery pack (39) respectively.

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