CN111838079A - Method for improving adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy food waste, belonging to the technical field of waste treatment and biological environmental protection. In the invention, the cockroaches are propagated and cultured in the container by configuring the propagation type feed and the screening type feed, and granulating after high-temperature cooking and sterilization. Gradient method is used to fully screen resistant strains to obtain resistant cockroach strains by mixed rearing, mating, stabilization and purification, and screening to obtain resistant cockroach strains with strong reproductive ability. The invention reduces the content of toxic components through the composite treatment of various digestive enzymes and microorganisms in the digestive tract of the cockroach, and is conducive to the smooth development of the next step of anaerobic bacteria fermentation. In addition, deep burial and anaerobic fermentation can effectively kill cockroach eggs, larvae and adults, avoiding the disorderly spread of cockroaches through the production and transportation of food waste bio-fertilizers.

Description

A method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy food waste

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage disposal and biological environmental protection, and in particular relates to a method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy food waste.

Background technique

The middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River in my country include Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou and other regions. Due to climatic and geographical factors, the food tastes are greasy and spicy. Animal and vegetable oils, peppers, peppers, onion peppers, bean paste are the An important seasoning for the people in the region, the corresponding food waste in the region, especially the food waste of hot pot, spicy incense pot, crayfish and barbecue restaurants, has a relatively high content of animal and vegetable oils, peppers, peppers, and onion peppers.

At present, the common treatment schemes for kitchen waste mainly include: landfill, compost, incineration and feed treatment. Using kitchen waste as feed and using cockroaches to treat kitchen waste can not only reduce the cost of waste treatment, but also turn waste into treasure, and produce bio-organic fertilizer, feed protein, chitin and antibacterial peptides at low cost, which is highly economical benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits. However, the content of animal and vegetable oils, peppers, peppercorns, onion peppers, etc. in spicy food waste is relatively high, which contains a large amount of capsaicin, pepper toxins, alkaloids, volatile oils and other components, which can significantly inhibit the growth and development of cockroaches. The inability to deal with high concentrations of spicy food waste limits the application of cockroaches in food waste treatment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy food waste.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has adopted the following technical solutions:

A method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy food waste, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, prepare the feed and prepare it into pellets;

Step 2, cockroach propagation and breeding;

Step 3, mutagenesis and screening of cockroaches;

Step 4, strain stabilization and purification.

Further, in the step 1, the feed includes propagation feed and screening feed;

The multiplication type feed comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of bean cake flour, 20-40 parts of corn flour, 15-25 parts of bran flour, 10-20 parts of rice bran flour and 10-15 parts of water mixed The propagation type feed is the basic feed for cockroach expansion and cultivation. The cockroaches are widely used in cheap bean cake flour, corn flour, bran flour and rice bran flour, which can not only complete the propagation and passage of cockroach strains, but also reduce the production cost.

The screening type feed includes the following substances in parts by weight: 1-50 parts of spicy food waste, 10-15 parts of charcoal particles, 10-15 parts of bean cake flour, 20-40 parts of corn flour, 15-25 parts of The bran flour is mixed with 10-20 parts of rice bran flour; the screening type feed is added with spicy food waste on the basis of the expansion type. In order to avoid the problem of particle adhesion and granulation difficulty caused by adding a large amount of oil, the feed is cheap and cheap. charcoal pellets, auxiliary feed pellets.

The spicy type of kitchen waste is the kitchen waste of hot pot, spicy incense pot, crayfish and barbecue restaurant. First, the kitchen waste is left to stand for stratification and centrifugal dehydration to obtain the upper layer of grease, and then to stand for precipitation, filtration and dehydration. The lower layer of food residues obtained after drying, after the food residues are crushed, the upper layer of fat and the lower layer of food residues are mixed by equal weight. The kitchen waste contains a lot of water. In order to avoid adding excessive water into the feed, which will lead to mildew and spoilage of the feed, the upper layer of oil with lower water content is obtained by standing for stratification and centrifugal dehydration. and drying to obtain dry lower food residues. The upper layer of oil rich in lipophilic volatiles and secondary metabolites such as capsaicin is mixed into the feed, and the lower layer of food residue rich in insoluble compounds such as pepper toxin is added to the feed, which is conducive to screening out all the pungent wastes. Resistant strains that are resistant to the ingredients.

Still further, the method of formulating the feed in step 1 and preparing it into granules is as follows: after high-temperature cooking and sterilization of the expansion-type feed and the screening-type feed, the feed is naturally lowered to room temperature, and granulated in a feed pellet molding machine. In order to avoid mildew and decay caused by fungi and bacteria carried in the raw materials of the feed, especially the pathogens of zoonotic diseases that may be carried in the spicy food waste, it is killed by high-temperature cooking to ensure the cleanliness of the feed and increase the storage. time.

Still further, the temperature of the high-temperature cooking and sterilization is 105-121° C., the cooking and sterilization time is 20-30 minutes, and the diameter of the feed particles is 0.5-5 cm. 105～121℃ is a relatively thorough sterilization and sterilization temperature. At this temperature for 20～30min, the fungi and bacteria carried in the raw materials of the feed will be effectively killed.

Further, the method for cockroach propagation and breeding in the step 2 is: set up a concealed living environment in the box-shaped container, and prevent the cockroaches from escaping, place propagation-type feed particles on one side of the box-shaped container, and place a water container on the other side. , place a water-retaining substance in the water container; then adjust the environment in the box-type container.

Still further, the method for adjusting the environment in the box-shaped container is as follows: maintaining a temperature of 25° C. to 30° C., a relative humidity of 30% to 70%, and a day and night light cycle of 12h light treatment and 12h dark treatment; the box-shaped container is long, The width and height are 30-60cm; the water-retaining material is cotton or sponge. The regulating box-shaped container can provide the cockroaches with a relatively suitable temperature, humidity and light cycle, while providing the cockroaches with drinking water and humidity conditions, and at the same time, the cockroaches can be prevented from drowning.

Further, in the step 3, the method for mutagenesis and screening of cockroaches is: when the number of cockroaches reaches a density of 500-1000/box, placing ethyl methanesulfonate with a concentration of one thousandth in the water container solution; spray the cockroach colony with 1/1,000 ethyl methanesulfonate solution every 24 hours inside the box-shaped container; replace the propagation-type feed pellets at the bottom of the box-type container with screening-type feed pellets; then The resistant strains were fully screened by the one-step method and the gradient method, and the mixed breeding and mating of the resistant cockroach strains were obtained. This scheme can fully combine the advantages of one-step efficient screening of resistance genes and gradient methods to efficiently screen combinations of resistance genes, and quickly screen out target resistant strains.

Further, the one-step method is to put 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 screening-type feeds into the bottom of each box-type container, and the cockroach colonies that can survive and pass on for a long time are the one-step antibiotics. Sex cockroaches;

The gradient method is to replace the one-step screening type feed with the propagation type feed after completing the one-step method. If the cockroach population can survive and pass for a long time, the new screening type feed is further replaced, and the spicy food is replaced with each feed change. The content of type kitchen waste is increased by 2 to 5 parts, until the content of spicy type waste in the screening type feed is increased to the highest concentration that cockroaches can survive and reproduce normally. In order to prevent the content of spicy food waste from increasing too fast, causing excessive death of cockroaches, and hindering the gene exchange and recombination between resistant strains, in this method, the content of spicy food waste is increased by 2~ 5 copies, so that the cockroach population will gradually develop resistance to the spicy garbage, and the success rate of screening of resistant strains will be improved.

Further, the method for stabilizing and purifying the strain in the step 4 is: pairing the male and female cockroaches of the resistant strain with a single head, and cultivating them in a screening medium containing 50 parts of spicy food waste, and selecting the cockroaches with strong individuals and flexible responses. Progeny, continue to be single-headed, and continue to propagate for more than ten generations in the screening medium containing 50 copies of spicy food waste; by recording and comparing the number of surviving cockroach progeny, screen and obtain resistant cockroach strains with strong reproductive ability . In order to reduce and avoid insufficient genotype purity of the resistant strains and strain deterioration in the process of subsequent variety expansion and garbage disposal, this method adopts a scheme of multiple rounds of single-head pairing, so as to screen out highly purified and completely consistent offspring genotypes. A resistant cockroach strain with high reproductive capacity.

A method for applying the cockroaches described in claim 1 to treat spicy food waste, comprising the steps of: pre-processing garbage: collecting and storing the spicy food waste in a centralized manner, adding 4 parts of charcoal particles to each part of the spicy food waste, Add 5 parts of bran powder and 5 parts of rice bran powder, stir and mix, extrude and granulate; spread the pre-treated garbage on a square plate, and arrange the square plates on a shelf. A gauze is set around the shelf to prevent cockroaches from escaping. Set up zippers to facilitate entry and exit; inoculate the resistant strains of cockroaches on the pretreated garbage to feed and reproduce, and the breeding conditions are to maintain the temperature at 25°C to 30°C, relative humidity of 30% to 70%, and a day and night light cycle of 12h light treatment , 12h dark treatment; when the garbage disposal is completed, continue to process by adding new garbage, or take out all the square discs, and drive most of the cockroaches by shaking during the process of taking out, and the individual cockroaches remaining in the square disc are killed by deep burial; The spicy garbage treated by cockroaches is added with anaerobic fermentation compound strains and then buried deeply. After 10-30 days of anaerobic fermentation of the garbage after the cockroach treatment, it will be the finished bio-organic fertilizer after being dug out again; the rest in the gauze Cockroach colonies can be used directly for the production of feed protein, chitin and antimicrobial peptides. The cockroach-treated garbage inevitably contains cockroach eggs and a small amount of live cockroaches. In order to avoid the disorderly spread of cockroaches in the process of recycling the above-mentioned garbage, this solution provides a low-cost deep burial solution. Oxygen fermentation, while further decomposing kitchen waste, completely kills cockroach eggs and live cockroaches.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

The one-step screening progeny is mainly a single strong resistance gene mutation, while the multi-step screening progeny has the possibility of multiple weak resistance gene compound mutations. Based on the artificial mutagenesis of ethyl methanesulfonate, the invention comprehensively utilizes the advantages of one-step method and multi-step method, and can screen out high-resistance cockroach strains more quickly;

In order to achieve resistance to toxic substances, resistant strains of insects often need to consume energy and express detoxification proteins/enzymes at high doses, resulting in a decline in the ecological adaptability and reproductive capacity of resistant strains of insects, which is not conducive to the efficient treatment of food waste. Through the one-step method and multi-step method screening, the present invention further selects the resistance with strong body, sensitive activity and strong reproductive ability through the scheme of single-head pairing of male and female cockroaches under the selection pressure of spicy food waste. strains, which can effectively increase the reproduction rate of resistant strains of cockroaches.

Spicy kitchen waste contains a lot of water and tends to be liquid, and cockroaches are easy to drown in the process of feeding. The present invention makes it appear as solid feed by adding cheap charcoal particles, bran powder, rice bran powder and other materials, which is convenient for cockroaches to eat. At the same time, charcoal particles are also a good substrate for organic fertilizers, which help to improve the support, water retention and ventilation performance of organic fertilizers.

Spicy kitchen waste contains a large amount of capsaicin, pepper toxin, alkaloids, volatile oils and other toxic components, and direct fermentation can significantly inhibit the growth of anaerobic bacteria. The invention reduces the content of toxic components through the composite treatment of various digestive enzymes and microorganisms in the digestive tract of the cockroach, and is conducive to the smooth development of the next step of anaerobic bacteria fermentation.

In addition, deep burial and anaerobic fermentation can effectively kill cockroach eggs, larvae and adults, avoiding the disorderly spread of cockroaches through the production and transportation of food waste bio-fertilizers.

Detailed ways

Example 1

A method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy food waste, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, prepare the feed and prepare it into pellets;

The expansion type feed includes the following substances in parts by weight: 10 parts of soybean meal flour, 20 parts of corn flour, 15 parts of bran flour, 10 parts of rice bran flour and 10 parts of water;

The screening type feed includes the following substances in parts by weight: 1 part of spicy food waste, mixed with 10 parts of charcoal particles, 10 parts of bean cake flour, 20 parts of corn flour, 15 parts of bran flour and 10 parts of rice bran flour;

Spicy kitchen waste is the kitchen waste of hot pot, spicy incense pot, crayfish and barbecue restaurants. First, the kitchen waste is left to stand for stratification and centrifugal dehydration to obtain the upper layer of grease, and then it is left to stand for stratification and centrifugal dehydration. The lower layer of food residues obtained after drying, and finally the upper layer of grease and the lower layer of food residues are mixed by weight.

The expansion-type feed and the screening-type feed were respectively cooked and sterilized at a high temperature of 100°C for 30 minutes, then naturally lowered to room temperature, and granulated in a feed pellet molding machine. The diameter of the feed pellet was 0.5 cm.

Step 2, cockroaches multiply and breed; set up a concealed living environment in a box-shaped container with a length, width and height of 30cm, and prevent cockroaches from escaping, place the expansion-type feed pellets on one side of the box-shaped container, and place the feed pellets on the other side. Water container, place water-retaining material cotton or sponge in the water container; then adjust the environment in the box-shaped container, keep the temperature at 25°C, relative humidity at 30%, and the light cycle of day and night is 12h light treatment and 12h dark treatment.

Step 3, mutagenesis and screening of cockroaches; when the number of cockroaches reaches the density of 500/box, place a solution of ethyl methanesulfonate with a concentration of one thousandth in the water container; The cockroach population was sprayed with 1/1,000 ethyl methanesulfonate solution for 24 hours; the propagating feed pellets at the bottom of the box-shaped container were replaced with screening feed pellets; then the resistance was fully screened by one-step method and gradient method To obtain resistant cockroach strains, mixed rearing and mating were carried out, and the offspring were screened by one-step method and gradient method respectively, and the resistant strains of cockroaches were obtained by repeated 5 times.

The one-step method is to put 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 portions of screening feed into the bottom of each box-shaped container, and the cockroaches that can survive and pass for a long time are the one-step resistant cockroaches;

The gradient method is to replace the one-step screening type feed with the propagation type feed after completing the one-step method. If the cockroach population can survive and pass for a long time, the new screening type feed is further replaced, and the spicy food is replaced with each feed change. The content of kitchen waste is increased by 2 parts until the content of spicy waste in the screening feed is increased to the highest concentration that cockroaches can survive and reproduce normally.

Step 4: Stabilization and purification of strains: Single-head pairing of male and female cockroaches of resistant strains was carried out, and cultured in a screening medium containing 50 copies of spicy food waste, and the offspring of cockroaches with strong individuals and flexible responses were selected, and single-head pairing was continued. , and continued to propagate for more than ten generations in the screening medium containing 50 copies of spicy food waste; by recording and comparing the number of surviving cockroach progeny, the resistant cockroach strain with strong reproductive ability was obtained by screening.

A method for using cockroaches to treat spicy food waste, comprising the following steps:

Pretreatment garbage: Collect and store spicy food waste in a centralized manner, add 4 parts of charcoal particles to each part of spicy food waste, add 5 parts of bran powder and 5 parts of rice bran powder, stir and mix, and extrude and granulate; The treated garbage is laid flat in a square tray, and the square trays are stacked on a shelf. A gauze is set around the shelf to prevent cockroaches from escaping, and a zipper is set on the gauze to facilitate entry and exit; the resistant strains of cockroaches are inoculated onto the pretreated garbage to feed and Breeding, the breeding conditions are to keep the temperature at 25°C, the relative humidity is 30%, the light cycle of day and night is 12h light treatment, 12h dark treatment; when the garbage disposal is completed, continue to process by adding new garbage, or take out all the square discs, in the process of taking out Most of the cockroaches are driven away by vibration, and the individual cockroaches remaining in the square plate are killed by deep burial method; the spicy garbage after cockroach treatment is added with anaerobic fermentation compound strains and then buried deep for treatment, and after the cockroach treatment, the garbage is anaerobic After 10 days of fermentation, the finished bio-organic fertilizer is dug out again; the remaining cockroach population in the gauze can be directly used for the production of feed protein, chitin and antimicrobial peptides.

Example 2

A method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy food waste, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, prepare the feed and prepare it into pellets;

The expansion type feed includes the following substances in parts by weight: 11 parts of soybean meal powder, 22 parts of corn meal, 17 parts of bran powder, 12 parts of rice bran powder and 14 parts of water;

The screening type feed includes the following substances in parts by weight: 10 parts of spicy food waste, mixed with 12 parts of charcoal particles, 12 parts of bean cake flour, 22 parts of corn flour, 17 parts of bran flour and 17 parts of rice bran flour;

Spicy kitchen waste is the kitchen waste of hot pot, spicy incense pot, crayfish and barbecue restaurants. First, the kitchen waste is left to stand for stratification and centrifugal dehydration to obtain the upper layer of grease, and then it is left to stand for stratification and centrifugal dehydration. The lower layer of food residues obtained after drying, and finally the upper layer of grease and the lower layer of food residues are mixed by weight.

The expansion-type feed and the screening-type feed were retorted and sterilized at 101°C for 15 minutes, then naturally lowered to room temperature, and then granulated in a feed pellet molding machine. The diameter of the feed pellet was 0.9 cm.

Step 2, cockroach propagation and breeding; set up a hidden living environment in a box-shaped container with a length, width and height of 40cm, and prevent the cockroaches from escaping, place the propagation-type feed pellets on one side of the box-shaped container, and place the feed pellets on the other side of the box-shaped container. Water container, place water-retaining material cotton or sponge in the water container; then adjust the environment in the box-shaped container to maintain the temperature of 26, the relative humidity of 40%, and the day and night light cycle of 12h light treatment and 12h dark treatment.

Step 3, mutagenesis and screening of cockroaches; when the number of cockroaches reaches the density of 600/box, place a solution of ethyl methanesulfonate with a concentration of one thousandth in the water container; The cockroach population was sprayed with 1/1,000 ethyl methanesulfonate solution for 24 hours; the propagating feed pellets at the bottom of the box-shaped container were replaced with screening feed pellets; then the resistance was fully screened by one-step method and gradient method To obtain resistant cockroach strains, mixed rearing and mating were carried out, and the offspring were screened by one-step method and gradient method respectively, and the resistant strains of cockroaches were obtained by repeated 6 times.

The one-step method is to put 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 portions of screening feed into the bottom of each box-shaped container, and the cockroaches that can survive and pass for a long time are the one-step resistant cockroaches;

The gradient method is to replace the one-step screening type feed with the propagation type feed after completing the one-step method. If the cockroach population can survive and pass for a long time, the new screening type feed is further replaced, and the spicy food is replaced with each feed change. The content of kitchen waste is increased by 3 parts until the content of spicy waste in the screening feed is increased to the highest concentration that cockroaches can survive and reproduce normally.

Step 4: Stabilization and purification of strains: Single-head pairing of male and female cockroaches of resistant strains was carried out, and cultured in a screening medium containing 50 copies of spicy food waste, and the offspring of cockroaches with strong individuals and flexible responses were selected, and single-head pairing was continued. , and continued to propagate for more than ten generations in the screening medium containing 50 copies of spicy food waste; by recording and comparing the number of surviving cockroach progeny, the resistant cockroach strain with strong reproductive ability was obtained by screening.

A method for using cockroaches to treat spicy food waste, comprising the following steps:

Pretreatment garbage: Collect and store spicy food waste in a centralized manner, add 4 parts of charcoal particles to each part of spicy food waste, add 5 parts of bran powder and 5 parts of rice bran powder, stir and mix, and extrude and granulate; The treated garbage is laid flat in a square tray, and the square trays are stacked on a shelf. A gauze is set around the shelf to prevent cockroaches from escaping, and a zipper is set on the gauze to facilitate entry and exit; the resistant strains of cockroaches are inoculated onto the pretreated garbage to feed and Breeding, the breeding conditions are to keep the temperature at 26°C, the relative humidity is 40%, the day and night light cycle is 12h light treatment, 12h dark treatment; when the garbage disposal is completed, continue to process by adding new garbage, or take out all the square discs, in the process of taking out Most of the cockroaches are driven away by vibration, and the individual cockroaches remaining in the square plate are killed by deep burial method; the spicy garbage after cockroach treatment is added with anaerobic fermentation compound strains and then buried deep for treatment, and after the cockroach treatment, the garbage is anaerobic After 15 days of fermentation, the finished bio-organic fertilizer is dug out again; the remaining cockroach population in the gauze can be directly used for the production of feed protein, chitin and antimicrobial peptides.

Example 3

A method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy food waste, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, prepare the feed and prepare it into pellets;

The expansion type feed includes the following substances in parts by weight: 13 parts of soybean meal powder, 30 parts of corn meal, 20 parts of bran powder, 15 parts of rice bran powder and 15 parts of water;

The screening type feed includes the following substances in parts by weight: 30 parts of spicy food waste, mixed with 15 parts of charcoal particles, 10 parts of bean cake flour, 30 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of bran flour and 25 parts of rice bran flour;

Spicy kitchen waste is the kitchen waste of hot pot, spicy incense pot, crayfish and barbecue restaurants. First, the kitchen waste is left to stand for stratification and centrifugal dehydration to obtain the upper layer of grease, and then it is left to stand for stratification and centrifugal dehydration. The lower layer of food residues obtained after drying, and finally the upper layer of grease and the lower layer of food residues are mixed by weight.

The propagation-type feed and the screening-type feed were respectively cooked and sterilized at 103°C for 22 min, and then naturally lowered to room temperature, and then granulated in a feed pellet molding machine. The diameter of the feed pellet was 3 cm.

Step 2, cockroaches multiply and breed; set up a concealed living environment in a box-shaped container with a length, width and height of 45cm, and prevent cockroaches from escaping, place the expansion-type feed pellets on one side of the box-shaped container, and place the feed pellets on the other side. Water container, place water-retaining material cotton or sponge in the water container; then adjust the environment in the box-shaped container, keep the temperature at 27°C, relative humidity at 50%, and the light cycle of day and night is 12h light treatment and 12h dark treatment.

Step 3, mutagenesis and screening of cockroaches; when the number of cockroaches reaches a density of 700/box, place a solution of ethyl methanesulfonate with a concentration of one thousandth in a water container; The cockroach population was sprayed with a concentration of 1/1000 ethyl methanesulfonate solution for 24 hours; the propagation-type feed pellets at the bottom of the box-shaped container were replaced with screening-type feed pellets; To obtain resistant cockroach strains, mixed breeding and mating were obtained, and the offspring were screened by one-step method and gradient method respectively, and the resistant strains of cockroaches were obtained by repeated 7 times.

The one-step method is to put 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 portions of screening feed into the bottom of each box-shaped container, and the cockroaches that can survive and pass for a long time are the one-step resistant cockroaches;

The gradient method is to replace the one-step screening type feed with the propagation type feed after completing the one-step method. If the cockroach population can survive and pass for a long time, the new screening type feed is further replaced, and the spicy food is replaced with each feed change. The content of kitchen waste was increased by 4 parts until the content of spicy waste in the screening feed was increased to the highest concentration that cockroaches can survive and reproduce normally.

Step 4: Stabilization and purification of strains: Single-head pairing of male and female cockroaches of resistant strains was carried out, and cultured in a screening medium containing 50 copies of spicy food waste, and the offspring of cockroaches with strong individuals and flexible responses were selected, and single-head pairing was continued. , and continued to propagate for more than ten generations in the screening medium containing 50 copies of spicy food waste; by recording and comparing the number of surviving cockroach progeny, the resistant cockroach strain with strong reproductive ability was obtained by screening.

A method for using cockroaches to treat spicy food waste, comprising the following steps:

Pretreatment garbage: Collect and store spicy food waste in a centralized manner, add 4 parts of charcoal particles to each part of spicy food waste, add 5 parts of bran powder and 5 parts of rice bran powder, stir and mix, and extrude and granulate; The treated garbage is laid flat in a square tray, and the square trays are stacked on a shelf. A gauze is set around the shelf to prevent cockroaches from escaping, and a zipper is set on the gauze to facilitate entry and exit; the resistant strains of cockroaches are inoculated onto the pretreated garbage to feed and Breeding, the breeding conditions are to keep the temperature at 27 °C, the relative humidity is 45%, the day and night light cycle is 12h light treatment, 12h dark treatment; when the garbage treatment is completed, continue to process by adding new garbage, or take out all the square discs, in the process of taking out Most of the cockroaches are driven away by vibration, and the individual cockroaches remaining in the square plate are killed by deep burial method; the spicy garbage after cockroach treatment is added with anaerobic fermentation compound strains and then buried deep for treatment, and after the cockroach treatment, the garbage is anaerobic After 15 days of fermentation, the finished bio-organic fertilizer is dug out again; the remaining cockroach population in the gauze can be directly used for the production of feed protein, chitin and antimicrobial peptides.

Example 4

A method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy food waste, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, prepare the feed and prepare it into pellets;

The multiplication feed includes the following substances in parts by weight: 14 parts of soybean meal flour, 36 parts of corn flour, 24 parts of bran flour, 16 parts of rice bran flour and 13 parts of water;

The screening type feed includes the following substances in parts by weight: 40 parts of spicy food waste, mixed with 14 parts of charcoal particles, 14 parts of bean cake flour, 40 parts of corn flour, 18 parts of bran flour and 12 parts of rice bran flour;

Spicy kitchen waste is the kitchen waste of hot pot, spicy incense pot, crayfish and barbecue restaurants. First, the kitchen waste is left to stand for stratification and centrifugal dehydration to obtain the upper layer of grease, and then it is left to stand for stratification and centrifugal dehydration. The lower layer of food residues obtained after drying, and finally the upper layer of grease and the lower layer of food residues are mixed by weight.

The expansion-type feed and the screening-type feed were respectively cooked and sterilized at a high temperature of 104 °C for 25 minutes, then naturally lowered to room temperature, and granulated in a feed pellet molding machine. The diameter of the feed pellet was 4 cm.

Step 2, cockroaches multiply and breed; set up a hidden living environment in a box-shaped container with a length, width and height of 55cm, and prevent cockroaches from escaping, place the expansion-type feed pellets on one side of the box-shaped container, and place the feed pellets on the other side. Water container, place water-retaining material cotton or sponge in the water container; then adjust the environment in the box-shaped container, keep the temperature at 28°C, relative humidity at 60%, and the day and night light cycle is 12h light treatment and 12h dark treatment.

Step 3, mutagenesis and screening of cockroaches; when the number of cockroaches reaches the density of 900/box, place a solution of ethyl methanesulfonate with a concentration of one thousandth in the water container; The cockroach population was sprayed with a concentration of 1/1000 ethyl methanesulfonate solution for 24 hours; the propagation-type feed pellets at the bottom of the box-shaped container were replaced with screening-type feed pellets; To obtain resistant cockroaches strains, mixed breeding and mating were obtained, and their offspring were screened by one-step method and gradient method respectively, and the resistant strains of cockroaches were obtained by repeated 9 times.

The one-step method is to put 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 portions of screening feed into the bottom of each box-shaped container, and the cockroaches that can survive and pass for a long time are the one-step resistant cockroaches;

The gradient method is to replace the one-step screening type feed with the propagation type feed after completing the one-step method. If the cockroach population can survive and pass for a long time, the new screening type feed is further replaced, and the spicy food is replaced with each feed change. The content of kitchen waste is increased by 5 parts until the content of spicy waste in the screening feed is increased to the highest concentration that cockroaches can survive and reproduce normally.

Step 4: Stabilization and purification of strains: Single-head pairing of male and female cockroaches of resistant strains was carried out, and cultured in a screening medium containing 50 copies of spicy food waste, and the offspring of cockroaches with strong individuals and flexible responses were selected, and single-head pairing was continued. , and continued to propagate for more than ten generations in the screening medium containing 50 copies of spicy food waste; by recording and comparing the number of surviving cockroach progeny, the resistant cockroach strain with strong reproductive ability was obtained by screening.

A method for using cockroaches to treat spicy food waste, comprising the following steps:

Pretreatment garbage: Collect and store spicy food waste in a centralized manner, add 4 parts of charcoal particles to each part of spicy food waste, add 5 parts of bran powder and 5 parts of rice bran powder, stir and mix, and extrude and granulate; The treated garbage is laid flat in a square tray, and the square trays are stacked on a shelf. A gauze is set around the shelf to prevent cockroaches from escaping, and a zipper is set on the gauze to facilitate entry and exit; the resistant strains of cockroaches are inoculated onto the pretreated garbage to feed and Breeding, the breeding conditions are to keep the temperature at 28 °C, the relative humidity is 60%, the light cycle of day and night is 12h light treatment, 12h dark treatment; when the garbage treatment is completed, continue to process by adding new garbage, or take out all the square discs, in the process of taking out Most of the cockroaches are driven away by vibration, and the individual cockroaches remaining in the square plate are killed by deep burial method; the spicy garbage after cockroach treatment is added with anaerobic fermentation compound strains and then buried deep for treatment, and after the cockroach treatment, the garbage is anaerobic After 20 days of fermentation, the finished bio-organic fertilizer is dug out again; the remaining cockroach population in the gauze can be directly used for the production of feed protein, chitin and antimicrobial peptides.

Example 5

A method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy food waste, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, prepare the feed and prepare it into pellets;

The multiplication feed includes the following substances in parts by weight: 15 parts of soybean meal powder, 40 parts of corn meal, 25 parts of bran powder, 20 parts of rice bran powder and 15 parts of water;

The screening type feed includes the following substances in parts by weight: 50 parts of spicy food waste, mixed with 12 parts of charcoal particles, 13 parts of bean cake flour, 27 parts of corn flour, 22 parts of bran flour and 18 parts of rice bran flour;

Spicy kitchen waste is the kitchen waste of hot pot, spicy incense pot, crayfish and barbecue restaurants. First, the kitchen waste is left to stand for stratification and centrifugal dehydration to obtain the upper layer of grease, and then it is left to stand for stratification and centrifugal dehydration. The lower layer of food residues obtained after drying, and finally the upper layer of grease and the lower layer of food residues are mixed by weight.

The expansion type feed and the screening type feed are respectively cooked and sterilized at a high temperature of 100 to 105 ° C for 10 to 30 minutes, then naturally lowered to room temperature, and granulated in a feed pellet molding machine. The diameter of the feed pellet is 5cm.

Step 2, cockroach propagation and breeding; set up a hidden living environment in a box-shaped container with a length, width and height of 60cm, and prevent the cockroaches from escaping, place the propagation-type feed pellets on one side of the box-shaped container, and place the feed pellets on the other side of the box-shaped container. Water container, place water-retaining material cotton or sponge in the water container; then adjust the environment in the box-shaped container, keep the temperature at 30°C, relative humidity at 70%, and the day and night light cycle is 12h light treatment and 12h dark treatment.

Step 3, mutagenesis and screening of cockroaches; when the number of cockroaches reaches the density of 1000/box, place a solution of ethyl methanesulfonate with a concentration of one thousandth in the water container; The cockroach population was sprayed with a concentration of 1/1000 ethyl methanesulfonate solution for 24 hours; the propagation-type feed pellets at the bottom of the box-shaped container were replaced with screening-type feed pellets; To obtain resistant cockroach strains, mix breeding and mating, and screen their offspring through the one-step method and the gradient method, respectively, and repeat 10 times to obtain the resistant strains of cockroaches.

The one-step method is to put 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 portions of screening feed into the bottom of each box-shaped container, and the cockroaches that can survive and pass for a long time are the one-step resistant cockroaches;

The gradient method is to replace the one-step screening type feed with the propagation type feed after completing the one-step method. If the cockroach population can survive and pass for a long time, the new screening type feed is further replaced, and the spicy food is replaced with each feed change. The content of kitchen waste is increased by 5 parts until the content of spicy waste in the screening feed is increased to the highest concentration that cockroaches can survive and reproduce normally.

Step 4: Stabilization and purification of strains: Single-head pairing of male and female cockroaches of resistant strains was carried out, and cultured in a screening medium containing 50 copies of spicy food waste, and the offspring of cockroaches with strong individuals and flexible responses were selected, and single-head pairing was continued. , and continued to propagate for more than ten generations in the screening medium containing 50 copies of spicy food waste; by recording and comparing the number of surviving cockroach progeny, the resistant cockroach strain with strong reproductive ability was obtained by screening.

A method for using cockroaches to treat spicy food waste, comprising the following steps:

Pretreatment garbage: Collect and store spicy food waste in a centralized manner, add 4 parts of charcoal particles to each part of spicy food waste, add 5 parts of bran powder and 5 parts of rice bran powder, stir and mix, and extrude and granulate; The treated garbage is laid flat in a square tray, and the square trays are stacked on a shelf. A gauze is set around the shelf to prevent cockroaches from escaping, and a zipper is set on the gauze to facilitate entry and exit; the resistant strains of cockroaches are inoculated onto the pretreated garbage to feed and Breeding, the breeding conditions are to keep the temperature at 30 °C, the relative humidity is 70%, the day and night light cycle is 12h light treatment, 12h dark treatment; when the garbage treatment is completed, continue to process by adding new garbage, or take out all the square discs, in the process of taking out Most of the cockroaches are driven away by vibration, and the individual cockroaches remaining in the square plate are killed by deep burial method; the spicy garbage after cockroach treatment is added with anaerobic fermentation compound strains and then buried deep for treatment, and after the cockroach treatment, the garbage is anaerobic After 30 days of fermentation, the finished bio-organic fertilizer is dug out again; the remaining cockroach population in the gauze can be directly used for the production of feed protein, chitin and antimicrobial peptides.

Contents that are not described in detail in the specification of the present invention belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art. Although the illustrative specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art, As long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the inventive concept are included in the protection list.

Claims (10)

1. A method for improving adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

step 1, preparing feed and preparing granules;

step 2, propagating and culturing cockroaches;

step 3, mutagenesis and screening of cockroaches;

and 4, strain stabilization and purification.

2. The method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feed in the step 1 comprises a propagation type feed and a screening type feed;

the propagation type feed comprises the following substances in parts by weight: mixing 10-15 parts of bean cake powder, 20-40 parts of corn flour, 15-25 parts of bran powder, 10-20 parts of rice bran powder and 10-15 parts of water;

the screening type feed comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 1-50 parts of spicy kitchen waste, and 10-15 parts of charcoal particles, 10-15 parts of bean cake powder, 20-40 parts of corn flour, 15-25 parts of bran powder and 10-20 parts of rice bran powder are mixed;

the spicy kitchen waste is kitchen waste of chafing dish, spicy hot pot, crawfish and barbecue store, and is characterized in that the kitchen waste is subjected to standing layering and centrifugal dehydration to obtain upper-layer grease, is subjected to standing layering, centrifugal dehydration and drying to obtain lower-layer food residue, and is finally mixed with the upper-layer grease, the lower-layer food residue and other weight mixtures.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the cockroach's adaptability to spicy kitchen waste is improved by: the method for preparing the feed and preparing the granules in the step 1 comprises the following steps: and (3) steaming and sterilizing the propagation type feed and the screening type feed at high temperature respectively, naturally cooling to room temperature, and granulating and molding in a feed particle molding machine.

4. The method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the high-temperature cooking sterilization temperature is 100-105 ℃, the cooking sterilization time is 10-30 min, and the diameter of the feed particles is 0.5-5 cm.

5. The method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for propagating and breeding the cockroaches in the step 2 comprises the following steps: setting a hidden living environment in the box-shaped container and preventing cockroaches from escaping, placing expanded breeding type feed particles on one side of the box-shaped container, placing a water container on the other side of the box-shaped container, and placing water retention substances in the water container; the environment in the box-type container is then adjusted.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste is improved by: the method for adjusting the environment in the box-type container comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃, the relative humidity at 30-70%, and carrying out illumination treatment for 12h and dark treatment for 12h in day and night illumination period; the length, the width and the height of the box-shaped container are 30-60 cm; the water-retaining substance is cotton or sponge.

7. The method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3, the method for mutagenesis and screening of the cockroaches comprises the following steps: when the number of the cockroaches reaches the density of 500-1000 cockroaches per box, placing a one-thousandth ethyl methanesulfonate solution in a water container; spraying ethyl methanesulfonate solution with the concentration of one thousandth to the cockroach colony every 24 hours in a box-shaped container; replacing the expanded propagation type feed particles at the bottom of the box-shaped container with screening type feed particles; and then fully screening the resistant strain by a one-step method and a gradient method to obtain a resistant cockroach strain, carrying out mixed feeding and mating, screening the offspring by the one-step method and the gradient method respectively, and repeating for 5-10 times to obtain the resistant strain cockroach.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste is improved by: the one-step method is that 10 parts, 20 parts, 30 parts, 40 parts and 50 parts of screened feed are respectively put at the bottom of each box-type container, and cockroach groups which can survive and passage for a long time are the one-step method resistant cockroaches;

the gradient method is characterized in that the one-step method screening feed is replaced by the propagation-expanding feed after the one-step method is completed, if the cockroach colony can survive and passage for a long time, the new screening feed is further replaced, the content of spicy kitchen waste is increased by 2-5 parts while the feed is replaced every time, and the content of spicy waste in the screening feed is increased to the highest concentration at which the cockroach can normally survive and propagate.

9. The method for improving the adaptability of cockroaches to spicy kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for stabilizing and purifying the strain in the step 4 comprises the following steps: single-head pairing of male and female cockroaches of a resistant strain, breeding in a screening culture medium containing 50 parts of spicy kitchen waste, selecting offspring of the cockroaches which are strong and flexible in response, continuing single-head pairing, and continuing propagation for more than ten generations in the screening culture medium containing 50 parts of spicy kitchen waste; and (3) screening to obtain the resistant cockroach strain with strong reproductive capacity by recording and comparing the generation number of the surviving cockroaches.

10. A method for treating spicy kitchen waste by using the cockroach according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: the method comprises the following steps: pretreating garbage, collecting spicy kitchen garbage in a centralized manner, adding 4 parts of charcoal particles into each part of spicy kitchen garbage, adding 5 parts of bran powder and 5 parts of rice bran powder, stirring and mixing, and extruding, granulating and molding; the pretreated garbage is flatly laid in square discs, the square discs are arranged on a rack in a stacking mode, a gauze is arranged on the periphery of the rack to prevent cockroaches from escaping, and a zipper is arranged on the gauze to facilitate entering and exiting; inoculating the resistant strain cockroach to the pretreated garbage for feeding and breeding, wherein the breeding conditions are that the temperature is kept at 25-30 ℃, the relative humidity is 30-70%, the day and night illumination period is 12h of illumination treatment, and 12h of dark treatment; after the garbage is treated, new garbage is added for continuous treatment, or the square tray is completely taken out, most of cockroaches are repelled by oscillation in the taking-out process, and residual individual cockroaches in the square tray are killed by a deep burying method; adding anaerobic fermentation composite strains into spicy garbage after the cockroach treatment, deeply burying, and digging out the garbage after the garbage is subjected to anaerobic fermentation for 10-30 days after the cockroach treatment to obtain a finished product of the bio-organic fertilizer; the remaining cockroach population in the gauze can be directly used for the production of feed protein, chitin and antibacterial peptide.