CN111826530A

CN111826530A - Electroslag remelting equipment

Info

Publication number: CN111826530A
Application number: CN202010576245.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 付锐; 李福林; 尹法杰; 杜金辉; 孟令超; 余斌; 王凯; 郑庆泉; 武涛; 冯滌
Original assignee: Gaona Aero Material Co Ltd
Current assignee: Gaona Aero Material Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-06-22
Filing date: 2020-06-22
Publication date: 2020-10-27
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-22
Also published as: CN111826530B

Abstract

The invention relates to electroslag remelting equipment which comprises a crystallizer, a bottom water tank positioned below the crystallizer and a false electrode positioned above the crystallizer, wherein an overground lifter used for mounting the false electrode is arranged on one side of the crystallizer, an underground lifter used for mounting the bottom water tank is arranged below the bottom water tank, the bottom water tank comprises a base used for connecting the underground lifter, a top cover used for bearing a steel ingot and a cavity formed between the top cover and the base, the cavity is communicated with the outside, and a water inlet pipe used for spraying water into the cavity is fixedly arranged on the bottom water tank. The invention has the effect of accelerating the cooling speed of the steel ingot.

Description

Electroslag remelting equipment

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of high-performance steel processing, in particular to electroslag remelting equipment.

Background

Electroslag remelting steel is a method of melting using resistance heat generated when electric current passes through slag as a heat source. The purpose is to improve the purity of metal and improve ingot casting crystallization.

In the prior art, chinese patent document with the publication number of CN104789788B discloses a bottom water tank structure for electroslag remelting furnace with good heat exchange uniformity, which comprises a tank body, wherein a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are communicated with the side surface of the tank body, an opening is formed in the upper end of the tank body, a bottom water tank panel with a rectangular frame plate structure is horizontally extended from the opening to the periphery, a rubber sealing gasket with a rectangular frame plate structure is correspondingly laid on the upper surface of the bottom water tank panel, and a flat-plate-shaped copper plate is covered and arranged above the rubber sealing gasket; the inside of the box body is also provided with a cooling water diversion structure which is used for enabling cooling water to form vortex flow from the center to the periphery of the box body.

The above prior art solutions have the following drawbacks: in the use process of the existing bottom water tank, because the bottom water tank starts water cooling at the initial stage, but the melting of the consumable electrode and the formation of the steel ingot are not started or the speed is slow, the molten electroslag in the crystallizer can form a thick slag shell at the top end of the bottom water tank, and the thick slag shell can influence the heat dissipation of the liquid steel ball when the subsequent consumable electrode starts to consume and form the liquid steel ball, namely the cooling effect of the bottom water tank on the liquid steel ball is poor, so that the steel ingot forming time is prolonged.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide electroslag remelting equipment capable of shortening the steel ingot forming time.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

the electroslag remelting equipment comprises a crystallizer, a bottom water tank positioned below the crystallizer and a false electrode positioned above the crystallizer, wherein an overground lifter used for installing the false electrode is arranged on one side of the crystallizer, an underground lifter used for installing the bottom water tank is arranged below the bottom water tank, the bottom water tank comprises a base used for connecting the underground lifter, a top cover used for bearing a steel ingot and a cavity formed between the top cover and the base, the cavity is communicated with the outside, and a water inlet pipe used for spraying water to the inside of the cavity is fixedly arranged on the bottom water tank.

By adopting the technical scheme, when in use, cold water is not led into the bottom water tank as in the prior art, the heat is naturally dissipated by a copper top cover of the crystallizer, molten electroslag in the crystallizer can exchange heat with the top cover to form a thin slag shell on the top cover, the top cover can carry high temperature due to absorption of a large amount of heat, cold water is sprayed into a cavity between the top cover and the base through the water inlet pipe, the cold water can be rapidly vaporized after contacting the top cover carrying high temperature, and a large amount of pressure is generated in a short time. And the steel ingot forming speed is improved.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the top cap is the disc structure that the opening set up towards the base, and top cap bottom opening edge extends to base top end face edge outside.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can make the cavity that forms between top cap and the base have bigger volume for inlet tube spun cooling water can be more held inside the top cap, reach the quick refrigerated purpose to the steel ingot, the lateral wall that is equipped with open-ended disc structure simultaneously can make the more lasting of cooling water stop in the cavity region, make cooling water can be better with the steel ingot heat transfer, accelerate liquid steel ball to solid-state conversion.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: a plurality of water outlets which are uniformly distributed are formed in the end face of the top end of the base, and water in the water inlet pipe is uniformly sprayed into a cavity formed by the top cover and the end face of the top end of the base through the water outlets.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the delivery port that sets up a plurality of even settings can make the even injection of cooling water that the inlet tube erupted on the top cap for every region on the top cap can both receive more even cooling effect, when making liquid steel ball fall in any one region on the skull of top cap top, can both be relatively quick carry out the heat transfer with end water tank, and then the quick solid-state steel ingot that changes into.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the ground elevator comprises a ground upright post positioned on one side of the crystallizer and a clamp connected to the ground upright post in a sliding mode along the vertical direction, a plurality of protruding guide rails are arranged on the side wall of the ground upright post, a plurality of guide wheels used for clamping the guide rails on two sides are arranged on the clamp, a lead screw for driving the clamp to ascend and descend is connected to the clamp in a threaded mode, and a motor for driving the lead screw to rotate is fixedly connected to the ground upright post.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the setting up of leading wheel and guide rail can make anchor clamps more stable vertical removal on the ground stand, has reduced the possibility that anchor clamps take place lateral displacement or deflect, makes anchor clamps pass through the principle of lead screw slip table through motor and lead screw simultaneously, and the running noise is little and stable.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the clamp comprises a moving frame sleeved on the ground upright post, a rotating sleeve rotatably connected with the moving frame, a rotating oil cylinder hinged on the moving frame and driving the rotating sleeve to rotate, a supporting body fixedly arranged on the rotating sleeve, a moving sleeve sleeved on the supporting body, a linear oil cylinder fixedly arranged on the supporting body and driving the moving sleeve to move, a clamping plate hinged at one end of the moving sleeve and a clamping oil cylinder hinged on the supporting body and used for driving the clamping plate to rotate.

By adopting the technical scheme, the clamp can rotate relative to the ground upright post by rotating the sleeve, so that a worker can clamp the false electrode and the consumable electrode conveniently; the hinged clamping plate and the clamping oil cylinder can be convenient for workers to stably clamp the false electrode; the movable sleeve can enable the clamping plate to generate horizontal displacement, so that a worker can conveniently adjust the position after the false electrode and the consumable electrode are additionally arranged and move the false electrode and the consumable electrode to the position above the crystallizer.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the guide rails are four and are evenly distributed on the side wall of the ground upright post along the circumferential direction, two guide wheels are divided into two groups and are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the movable frame, and the guide wheels are arranged on two sides of each guide rail.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the upper and lower both ends of removing the frame are located to two liang of components of leading wheel, and the both sides of each guide rail all have the leading wheel, can make the leading wheel exert stable direction and limiting displacement to anchor clamps, have further improved the stability in the anchor clamps use.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and an air suction assembly which generates negative pressure at an opening at the top end of the crystallizer is arranged on one side of the crystallizer.

By adopting the technical scheme, the consumable electrode can be desulfurized in the electroslag remelting process, so harmful gas with sulfur can be generated, the harmful gas can be collected in a concentrated manner through the air suction assembly, and the possibility that the harmful gas is diffused in a working area to influence the health of workers is reduced.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the air suction assembly comprises a collector and an air pipe, wherein the collector is located at the opening at the top end of the crystallizer, the collector is of a semi-surrounding structure, and a negative pressure fan is connected to the air pipe.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, negative-pressure air fan source is extensive, the maintenance of being convenient for, and the collector of half encirclement column structure can carry out more comprehensive collection to the gas that overflows at crystallizer top opening part, has further reduced harmful gas's diffusion.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: still including being located the electroslag melting furnace of crystallizer one side, electroslag melting furnace top is equipped with the graphite electrode that can insert the inside arc that is used for of electroslag melting furnace, and the tuber pipe includes the bellows, and the collector can be placed in the fire door one side of electroslag melting furnace.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the electroslag melting furnace is placed in crystallizer one side can be convenient for the staff and is shifting the electroslag of molten state to the crystallizer fast after with the electroslag melting, and the bellows of connecting on the collector can be convenient for the staff and prevent the waste gas that the electroslag melting process produced at electroslag melting furnace department with the collector simultaneously for whole working process is convenient more, safety.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the electroslag melting furnace comprises a bracket fixedly arranged on one side of the crystallizer and a furnace body hinged on the bracket, a clamp type mounting piece communicated with an external power supply is further arranged at the electroslag melting furnace, a conductive plate extending out of the furnace body is fixedly arranged on the furnace body, and a single-pole single-throw switch-shaped structure is formed between the clamp type mounting piece and the conductive plate.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the formula of clamp installed part and the current conducting plate that form the single-pole single-throw switch can be convenient for the staff to heel the furnace body, if adopt prior art directly again to connect the water-cooled cable on the furnace body, then the staff need consume a large amount of strength when heeling the furnace body, and the structure of this application is lighter more, and can reach the same effect of prior art kind.

In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. when the steel ingot forming device is used, cold water is not led into the bottom water tank firstly, molten electroslag in the crystallizer can exchange heat with the top cover to form a thin slag shell on the top cover, at the moment, the top cover can carry high temperature due to the absorption of a large amount of heat, at the moment, cold water is sprayed to a cavity between the top cover and the base through the water inlet pipe, the cold water can be quickly vaporized after contacting the top cover carrying high temperature, and a large amount of pressure is generated in a short time;

2. the double-layered installed part and the current conducting plate that form the single-pole single-throw switch can be convenient for the staff to heels the furnace body, if adopt prior art directly to connect the water-cooling cable on the furnace body again, then the staff need consume a large amount of strength when heeling the furnace body, and the structure of this application is lighter more, and can reach the same effect of prior art kind.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of a jig according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of an electroslag melting furnace in the example;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the bottom water tank in the embodiment.

In the figure, 1, an above-ground elevator; 11. an above-ground upright post; 111. a guide rail; 12. a clamp; 121. moving the frame; 122. rotating the sleeve; 123. a support body; 124. a linear oil cylinder; 125. moving the sleeve; 126. clamping the oil cylinder; 127. a splint; 128. a base plate; 129. rotating the oil cylinder; 2. an air suction assembly; 21. an air duct; 211. a bellows; 22. a collector; 3. a support bar; 31. a moving beam; 32. a graphite electrode; 33. placing a rack; 34. a negative pressure fan; 35. an electroslag melting furnace; 351. a furnace body; 352. a support; 36. a conductive plate; 37. a clip-on mount; 38. a handle; 4. an underground lift; 41. an underground upright post; 42. a mobile platform; 5. a motor; 51. a screw rod; 6. a bottom water tank; 61. a top cover; 62. a cavity; 63. a base; 64. the end of the spray pipe; 65. a water inlet pipe; 7. a dummy electrode; 8. a guide wheel; 81. a limiting groove; 82. a guide groove; 9. a crystallizer.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, the electroslag remelting apparatus disclosed by the present invention comprises an upper ground elevator 1 vertically arranged, an underground elevator 4 vertically arranged, a bottom water tank 6 connected with the underground elevator 4 in a sliding manner along the vertical direction, a crystallizer 9 located on one side of the upper ground elevator 1, an air suction assembly 2 located on one side of the crystallizer 9, and an electroslag melting furnace 35 located on one side of the crystallizer 9.

The crystallizer 9 is buried in the ground, the top end of the crystallizer is flush with the ground, and an underground pit is formed below the crystallizer 9 and used for containing a gradually formed steel ingot. An electroslag melting furnace 35 for melting solid electroslag into a molten state is disposed on one side of the crystallizer 9. The support rod 3 of vertical setting has set firmly on one side of electroslag melting furnace 35, slides along vertical direction on the support rod 3 and is connected with the walking beam 31 of horizontal setting, and the one end of walking beam 31 is located directly over electroslag melting furnace 35 and centre gripping has graphite electrode 32. The graphite electrode 32 is used to initiate an arc at the beginning of melting of the electroslag. Since the macroscopic relative motion between the movable beam 31 and the support rod 3 is only a simple vertical motion, the embodiment only provides a connection and transmission manner that the movable beam 31 can be driven by the hydraulic cylinder to move, that is, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with the support rod 3, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with the movable beam 31. Similarly, the installation of the graphite electrode 32 also belongs to the mature prior art in the field, and the embodiment only provides an explanation of the implementation manner of installing the graphite electrode 32 through the hoop fixedly arranged at the end of the movable beam 31, that is, the hoop is fixedly arranged on the movable beam 31, and the graphite electrode 32 is tightly held through the hoop.

The above-ground elevator 1 is located at the side of the crystallizer 9. The ground elevator 1 comprises a ground upright post 11 fixedly arranged on the ground and a clamp 12 connected with the ground upright post 11 in a sliding manner along the vertical direction, the ground upright post 11 is in a vertically arranged cuboid shape, a dummy electrode 7 capable of moving right above the crystallizer 9 is clamped on the clamp 12, and after a consumable electrode is welded at the bottom end of the dummy electrode 7, the consumable electrode is placed in the crystallizer 9 and used for forming a steel ingot in an electroslag remelting process.

The air suction assembly 2 comprises a collector 22 arranged on one side of the crystallizer 9 and an air pipe 21 fixedly connected with the collector 22, one end of the air pipe 21 is fixedly connected with the collector 22, and the other end of the air pipe 21 is fixedly connected with a negative pressure fan 34. Because the liquid steel balls after the consumable electrode is melted exist in the electroslag remelting process, the sulfur-containing gas scattered from the upper end port of the crystallizer 9 can be collected intensively by the air suction assembly 2, so that the sulfur-containing gas is convenient to treat. The collector 22 in this embodiment is a square box with an opening facing the mold 9, and a semicircular groove is formed at the opening of the collector 22 facing the mold 9 to surround the mold 9 in half for better matching with the mold 9. The placing frame 33 formed by welding steel pipes is placed on one side of the electroslag melting furnace 35, and the placing frame 33 is of a structure that three steel pipes are used as supporting legs and a circular ring is welded on the three supporting legs and used as a placing platform. Because flue gas can also be produced in the electroslag melting process, the air pipe 21 in the embodiment comprises the corrugated pipe 211, so that a worker can place the collector 22 on the placing frame 33 on one side of the electroslag melting furnace 35 when melting electroslag, and the air inlet of the collector 22 is aligned with the top end port of the electroslag melting furnace 35 and used for collecting the flue gas in a centralized manner.

The underground lift 4 is located directly below the above-ground lift 1. The underground lifting machine 4 comprises an underground upright column 41 vertically and fixedly arranged in an underground deep pit and a moving platform 42 connected with the underground upright column 41 in a sliding mode along the vertical direction, the underground upright column 41 is in a vertically arranged cuboid shape, and the moving platform 42 is fixedly provided with a bottom water tank 6 used for receiving and cooling steel ingots. Set firmly the vertical motor 5 that upwards sets up of output shaft on the lateral wall of underground upright 41, coaxial line has set firmly lead screw 51 on motor 5's the output shaft, lead screw 51 and moving platform 42 threaded connection, moving platform 42 cover is established on underground upright 41, because underground upright 41 is squarely, and moving platform 42 is connected the shape fit that is in underground upright 41 with underground upright 41, so can drive moving platform 42 through electrode and lead screw 51 and remove along the length direction of underground upright 41, and obvious horizontal displacement and rotation do not take place, can guarantee that end water tank 6 is stable to remove along vertical direction.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the clamp 12 includes a moving frame 121 sleeved on the ground upright 11, a rotating sleeve 122 hinged to the moving frame 121, a rotating cylinder 129 hinged to the moving frame 121 and the rotating sleeve 122, a support body 123 fixed on the rotating sleeve 122, a moving sleeve 125 connected to the support body 123 in a sliding manner, a linear cylinder 124 hinged to the support body 123 and the moving sleeve 125, a clamp plate 127 hinged to an end of the moving sleeve 125 opposite to the rotating sleeve 122, and a clamping cylinder 126 hinged to the clamp plate 127. The cylinder body of the clamping cylinder 126 is hinged with the movable sleeve 125, the piston rod is hinged with the clamping plate 127, the middle position of the clamping plate 127 is hinged on the end face, back to the rotating sleeve 122, of the movable sleeve 125, the backing plate 128 is fixedly arranged on the end face, back to the rotating sleeve 122, of the movable sleeve 125, a space for clamping the false electrode 7 is formed between the backing plate 128 and the clamping plate 127, and the clamping cylinder 126 is used for driving one side of the clamping plate 127 to approach the backing plate 128 and clamping the false electrode 7. The cylinder body of the linear oil cylinder 124 is hinged with the support body 123, and the piston rod is hinged with the moving sleeve 125 and used for driving the moving sleeve 125 to slide along the length direction of the support body 123. The cylinder body of the rotating cylinder 129 is hinged with the moving frame 121 through a connecting rod, and the piston rod is hinged with the rotating sleeve 122 and used for driving the rotating sleeve 122 to rotate around a vertically arranged axis. In this embodiment, the rotation axes of the rotation cylinder 129, the rotation sleeve 122, the clamp plate 127, and the rotation cylinder 129 are all vertically disposed, the linear cylinder 124 is located on the top surface of the jig 12, and the rotation axis of the linear cylinder 124 is horizontally disposed.

The outer contour of the movable frame 121 is flange-shaped, the rotating sleeve 122 is sleeved on a portion between two end faces of the movable frame 121, and the vertical direction limitation is realized through the two end faces of the flange-shaped movable frame 121. All set firmly the guide rail 111 of vertical setting on four lateral walls of post 11 on the ground, remove frame 121 inside set up the vertical setting of length direction and with post 11 lateral wall shape fit's spacing groove 81 on the ground, and offer on the inner wall of spacing groove 81 and be used for holding guide rail 111 with guide rail 111 cooperation guide way 82, it has the leading wheel 8 that the axis level of rotation set up all to articulate on two terminal surfaces of frame 121, and limit leading wheel 8 all has four groups eight and the branch to locate guide rail 111 both sides on every terminal surface. In this embodiment, the motor 5 is also fixedly disposed on the sidewall of the upper vertical column 11, the screw rod 51 is also fixedly disposed on the output shaft of the motor 5, and the screw rod 51 is in threaded connection with the moving frame 121, that is, the lifting principle of the clamp 12 is the same as the moving principle of the moving platform 42, and will not be described herein again.

Referring to fig. 3, the electroslag melting furnace 35 includes a support 352 disposed or fixed on the ground and a furnace body 351 hinged on the support 352, the rotation axis of the furnace body 351 is horizontally disposed, and the hinge point between the furnace body 351 and the support 352 is located at the upper half of the furnace body 351 in the length direction, that is, the furnace body 351 is in a state of opening vertically upward in a natural state. The side wall of the furnace body 351 is fixedly connected with an L-shaped handle 38, which is convenient for the staff to rotate the furnace body 351. The bottom surface of the furnace body 351 is fixedly connected with a C-shaped conductive plate 36, current can be transmitted between the conductive plate 36 and the bottom surface inside the furnace body 351, when the furnace body 351 is vertically arranged, the opening of the C-shaped conductive plate 36 is arranged towards the horizontal direction and is positioned below the bottom surface of the furnace body 351, the clamp-type mounting piece 37 is fixedly connected to the support 352, the combination of the conductive plate 36 and the clamp-type mounting piece 37 is the same as a single-pole single-throw switch structure in the prior art, when the furnace body 351 is vertically arranged, a closed single-pole single-throw switch shape is formed between the conductive plate 36 and the clamp-type mounting piece 37, a user can fix a water-cooling cable on the side wall of the furnace body 351 and enable the water-cooling cable to be conducted with the inner wall of the furnace body 351, meanwhile, another water-cooling cable. Likewise, other shock protection arrangements made by those skilled in the art, such as arrangements that separate the furnace body 351 into an outer wall that is non-conductive and an outer wall of the clip mounts 37 that is non-conductive, need not be described herein in order to ensure safety.

Referring to fig. 4, the bottom water tank 6 includes a base 63, a top cover 61 located above the top end surface of the base 63, and a cavity 62 formed between the top cover 61 and the base 63, the top end surface of the base 63 vertically protrudes upward to form a supporting structure with an outer diameter smaller than that of the top end surface of the base 63, and the top cover 61 is fixedly arranged on the supporting structure. In this embodiment, since all parts of the bottom water tank 6 are fixedly connected, the bottom water tank 6 can be fixed by welding or bolting, and any position of the bottom water tank 6 except the top cover 61 can be fixedly connected. The top cover 61 in this embodiment is in a circular box shape with an opening facing the base 63, and the cavity 62 includes a space formed inside the top cover 61. The vertical projection of the inner wall edge of the round box-shaped top cover 61 is positioned outside the end face edge at the top end of the base 63. Fixedly connected with is used for letting in the inlet tube 65 of cooling water on the base 63, the one end and the base 63 fixed connection of inlet tube 65, and a plurality of spray tubes of the inside fixedly connected with of base 63, these spray tubes are fixed connection simultaneously and are connected with the tip of base 63 at inlet tube 65, and the other end stretch out inside base 63 top terminal surface gets into cavity 62, these spray tubes are located the inside tip evenly distributed of cavity 62 and all blow towards top cap 61 inner wall for cool off top cap 61 steel ingot promptly. Of course, in other embodiments, the top cover 61 may have other shapes, such as a flat plate structure fixed above the base 63; meanwhile, a groove for guiding water flow can be formed in the inner side wall of the top cover 61 of the box, water flow is driven to be blown inwards from one side of the top cover 61, more water flow can be in contact with the inner wall of the top cover 61 for a longer time, and the cooling effect is improved.

The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an electroslag remelting device, includes crystallizer (9), is located bottom water tank (6) of crystallizer (9) below and is located false electrode (7) of crystallizer (9) top, and crystallizer (9) one side is equipped with above ground lift (1) that is used for installing false electrode (7), and bottom water tank (6) below is equipped with underground lift (4) that are used for installing bottom water tank (6), its characterized in that: the bottom water tank (6) comprises a base (63) used for being connected with the underground lifter (4), a top cover (61) used for bearing a steel ingot and a cavity (62) formed between the top cover (61) and the base (63), the cavity (62) is communicated with the outside, and a water inlet pipe (65) used for spraying water to the inside of the cavity (62) is fixedly arranged on the bottom water tank (6).

2. The electroslag remelting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the top cover (61) is a disc-shaped structure with an opening arranged towards the base (63), and the edge of the opening at the bottom end of the top cover (61) extends to the outer part of the edge of the end face at the top end of the base (63).

3. The electroslag remelting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: a plurality of water outlets which are uniformly distributed are formed in the end face of the top end of the base (63), and water in the water inlet pipe (65) is uniformly sprayed into a cavity (62) formed by the top cover (61) and the end face of the top end of the base (63) through the water outlets.

4. The electroslag remelting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the ground lifting machine (1) comprises a ground upright post (11) positioned on one side of the crystallizer (9) and a clamp (12) connected onto the ground upright post (11) in a sliding mode along the vertical direction, a plurality of raised guide rails (111) are arranged on the side wall of the ground upright post (11), a plurality of guide wheels (8) used for clamping two sides of the guide rails (111) are arranged on the clamp (12), a screw rod (51) for driving the clamp to lift is connected onto the clamp (12) in a threaded mode, and a motor (5) for driving the screw rod (51) to rotate is fixedly connected onto the ground upright post (11).

5. An electroslag remelting apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the clamp (12) comprises a moving frame (121) sleeved on the ground upright post (11), a rotating sleeve (122) rotatably connected with the moving frame (121), a rotating oil cylinder (129) hinged on the moving frame (121) and used for driving the rotating sleeve (122) to rotate, a supporting body (123) fixedly arranged on the rotating sleeve (122), a moving sleeve (125) sleeved on the supporting body (123), a linear oil cylinder (124) fixedly arranged on the supporting body (123) and used for driving the moving sleeve (125) to move, a clamping plate (127) hinged at one end of the moving sleeve (125) and a clamping oil cylinder (126) hinged on the supporting body (123) and used for driving the clamping plate (127) to rotate.

6. An electroslag remelting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the guide rails (111) are four and are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the ground upright post (11) along the circumferential direction, two guide wheels (8) are divided into two parts and are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the movable frame (121), and the guide wheels (8) are arranged on two sides of each guide rail (111).

7. The electroslag remelting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: and an air suction assembly (2) generating negative pressure at an opening at the top end of the crystallizer (9) is arranged at one side of the crystallizer.

8. An electroslag remelting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the air suction assembly (2) comprises a collector (22) and an air pipe (21), wherein the collector (22) is located at the opening at the top end of the crystallizer (9), the collector (22) is of a semi-surrounding structure, and a negative pressure fan (34) is connected to the air pipe (21).

9. The electroslag remelting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: still including being located electroslag melting furnace (35) of crystallizer (9) one side, electroslag melting furnace (35) top is equipped with can insert inside graphite electrode (32) that are used for the arcing of electroslag melting furnace (35), and tuber pipe (21) include bellows (211), and collector (22) can be placed in the fire door one side of electroslag melting furnace (35).

10. An electroslag remelting apparatus according to claim 9, wherein: the electroslag melting furnace (35) comprises a support (352) fixedly arranged on one side of the crystallizer (9) and a furnace body (351) hinged on the support (352), a clamping type mounting piece (37) communicated with an external power supply is further arranged at the position of the electroslag melting furnace (35), a conductive plate (36) extending out of the area where the furnace body (351) is located is fixedly arranged on the furnace body (351), and a single-pole single-throw switch-shaped structure is formed between the clamping type mounting piece (37) and the conductive plate (36).