CN111825211A - An integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an integrated single-household domestic sewage purification device, comprising four-stage pools integrally arranged, which are respectively a first-stage anaerobic pool, a second-stage anaerobic pool, a third-stage facultative aerobic pool and a fourth-stage constructed wetland pool. By setting the device to include a first-level anaerobic tank, a second-level anaerobic tank, and a third-level facultative aerobic tank, a three-level septic tank structure of anaerobic-anaerobic-anoxic is constructed, so that the domestic sewage can be fully fermented; The open four-level constructed wetland pool is equipped with a renewable adsorption matrix and planted wetland emergent and pollution-resistant plants, which can improve the quality of the effluent. The whole device has low cost, is not only convenient for transportation, but also shortens the construction period on site, is simple and practical, and is very suitable for single-family sewage treatment in rural areas.

Description

An integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of rural domestic sewage treatment, in particular to an integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device.

Background technique

Domestic sewage in rural areas in my country is mainly treated by single households, and a single septic tank is widely used to purify domestic sewage. In order to adapt to the rural environment and conditions, most of the domestic sewage purification systems currently used are three-stage septic tank devices with simple structure and low cost. Under anaerobic and anoxic conditions, the anaerobic digestion of N-containing organic matter produces NH ₃ and other odorous gases that are directly discharged, which affects the comfort of the living environment. In addition, the organic matter concentration in the effluent is high, and the black and odor problem is serious. The direct discharge will cause pollution to the receiving water body, and the breeding of mosquitoes will affect the rural living environment.

On the other hand, sewage treatment systems with high effluent quality usually include multiple modules, all of which require on-site construction. The cost is too high, the structure is complex, and the construction period is long, making it unsuitable for rural areas.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an integrated single-family domestic sewage purification capable of improving the effluent quality and low cost, aiming at the problem of black and odor caused by the high concentration of organic matter in the effluent of the conventional single-family sewage treatment device in the prior art device.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is as follows: constructing an integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device, including integrated four-level pools, which are respectively a first-level anaerobic tank, a second-level anaerobic tank, and a third-level anaerobic tank. A level facultative oxygen pool and a level four constructed wetland pool, the top of the level four constructed wetland pool is open, and the interior of the level four constructed wetland pool is provided with a renewable adsorption matrix and planted wetland emergent water and pollution-resistant plants.

In the integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device of the present invention, the adsorption matrix may be ceramsite, zeolite or limestone.

In the integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device of the present invention, the emergent water and pollution-resistant plant may be Acorus calamus, Zailihua or Canna.

In the integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device of the present invention, the adsorption matrix is ceramsite, and the emergent water and pollution-resistant plant is Zailihua.

The integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device of the present invention includes a cylindrical shell as a whole, and the first-level anaerobic tank, the second-level anaerobic tank, the third-level concurrent An oxygen tank and a four-level constructed wetland pool; the first-level anaerobic tank is provided with a water inlet, the first-level anaerobic tank and the second-level anaerobic tank are communicated through a first-level fecal pipe, and the second-level anaerobic tank is connected. It is communicated with the third-level facultative oxygen tank through the second-level manure passage, the third-level facultative oxygen tank and the fourth-level constructed wetland pool are communicated with the water outlet communication pipe, and the fourth-level artificial wetland pool is provided with a water outlet.

In the integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device of the present invention, the four-stage constructed wetland pool is divided into two parts by vertical partitions: a water purification part and a water storage part, the water purification part and the water storage part The bottom is communicated; the adsorption matrix and the emergent and pollution-resistant plants are arranged in the water purification part, the three-stage facultative oxygen tank is communicated with the water purification part through the water outlet communication pipe, and the water outlet is arranged in the water purification part. Water Purification Department.

In the integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device of the present invention, the height between the bottom of the inlet of the first-level manure pipe and the bottom of the first-level anaerobic tank is 1/2 to 3 of the height of the inner cavity of the first-level anaerobic tank /5.

In the integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device of the present invention, the height between the bottom of the entrance of the secondary manure pipe and the bottom of the secondary anaerobic tank is 1/5 to 1 of the height of the inner cavity of the secondary anaerobic tank /3.

In the integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device of the present invention, a water distribution pipe is provided at the top of the three-stage facultative oxygen tank, and the water distribution pipe is integrally arranged at the end of the outlet end of the second-stage fecal pipe. The wall of the water distribution pipe is provided with a horizontal through hole perpendicular to the axis of the water distribution pipe.

In the integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device of the present invention, the top of the three-stage facultative oxygen tank is provided with an air-pulling pipe, and the bottom end of the air-pulling pipe is disposed at the end of the outlet end of the secondary manure pipe. , the top of the air pulling pipe extends to the outside of the three-level aerobic tank through the tank wall of the three-level aerobic tank.

The implementation of the three-stage septic tank device of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: by setting the device to include a first-level anaerobic tank, a second-level anaerobic tank, and a third-level facultative aerobic tank, a three-level anaerobic-anaerobic-anoxic tank is constructed. The first-level septic tank structure enables domestic sewage to be fully fermented; by setting up a four-level constructed wetland pool with an open top, and planting emergent and pollution-resistant plants in the pool, the quality of the effluent can be improved. The substrate can further strengthen the purification effect of the whole device on the organic matter in the sewage, and the cost is low. By integrating the four-stage pool body into a whole, it is not only convenient for transportation, but also reduces the construction period on site. It is simple and practical, and is very suitable for single-family sewage treatment in rural areas.

Further, by setting up a three-stage septic tank device, it includes three-stage tank bodies, which are respectively a first-level anaerobic tank, a second-level anaerobic tank and a third-level facultative aerobic tank. The first-level anaerobic tank and the second-level anaerobic tank are communicated through the first-level fecal pipe. Considering the blockage problem and anaerobic digestion time comprehensively, set the height between the bottom of the first-level manure pipe inlet and the bottom of the first-level anaerobic tank to 1/2 to 3/5 of the height of the inner cavity of the first-level anaerobic tank, and increase the height of the first-level anaerobic tank by one level. The distance from the bottom of the fecal pipe to the bottom of the septic tank can alleviate the blockage problem, reduce the fecal residue in the secondary anaerobic tank, and then reduce the pollution load of the subsequent units. This not only ensures the anaerobic digestion time, but also ensures the smooth flow of the system.

Further, by setting the secondary anaerobic tank and the third-level facultative aerobic tank to communicate through the secondary manure pipe, and the height between the bottom of the entrance of the secondary manure pipe and the bottom of the secondary anaerobic tank is within the secondary anaerobic tank. 1/5 to 1/3 of the cavity height. Without changing the water flow and anaerobic operating conditions, by reducing the bottom height of the secondary manure pipe, the fluidity and uniformity of wastewater in the secondary anaerobic tank are improved, and the influence of the accumulation of pollutants at the bottom of the secondary anaerobic tank is avoided. The whole system runs stably.

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows the overall schematic diagram of the preferred embodiment of the three-stage septic tank device according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 .

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device according to the present invention includes four-stage pools integrally arranged, which are respectively a first-level anaerobic tank 11, a second-level anaerobic tank 12, and a third-level anaerobic tank. The first-level facultative oxygen pool 13 and the fourth-level constructed wetland pool 14, the top of the fourth-level constructed wetland pool 14 is open, and the interior of the four-level constructed wetland pool 14 is provided with a regenerable adsorption matrix 41 and planted wetland emergent water pollution-resistant plants 42.

In the preferred embodiment of the integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device of the present invention, the preferred setting device includes a cylindrical shell 10 as a whole, and the shell 10 is divided into the above-mentioned first-level anaerobic tank 11, second-level anaerobic tank 11 in turn Anaerobic tank 12, three-level facultative oxygen tank 13 and four-level constructed wetland tank 14. The first-level anaerobic tank 11 is provided with a water inlet 11a for introducing domestic sewage. The facultative oxygen tank 13 is communicated through the secondary manure passage 22, the third-level facultative oxygen pond 13 and the fourth-level constructed wetland pool 14 are communicated through the water outlet communication pipe 23, and the fourth-level constructed wetland pool 14 is provided with a water outlet 14b. The specific volume and size of the integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device can be determined according to the to-be-treated amount of single-family domestic sewage.

In the preferred embodiment of the integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device of the present invention, the height h1 between the bottom of the first-level manure pipe inlet and the bottom of the first-level anaerobic tank is set to be equal to the height H1 of the inner cavity of the first-level anaerobic tank. 1/2 to 3/5, preferably, the height between the bottom of the inlet of the first-level manure pipe and the bottom of the first-level anaerobic tank is set to 1/2 of the height of the inner cavity of the first-level anaerobic tank; thus reducing the second-level anaerobic tank 12% of fecal residue, greatly reducing the pollution load of subsequent units.

The height h2 between the bottom of the entrance of the secondary fecal pipe 22 and the bottom of the secondary anaerobic tank can also be set to be 1/5 to 1/3 of the height H2 of the inner cavity of the secondary anaerobic tank, preferably the secondary fecal pipe 22 The height between the bottom of the inlet and the bottom of the secondary anaerobic tank is set to 1/3 of the height of the inner cavity of the secondary anaerobic tank; thus prolonging the time of anaerobic digestion.

In the preferred embodiment of the integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device of the present invention, the four-stage constructed wetland pool 14 can be divided into two parts by the vertical partition 45: the water purification part 43 and the water storage part 44, wherein the purification part 43 and the water storage part 44 The water part 43 is communicated with the bottom of the water storage part 44 , the above-mentioned adsorption matrix 41 and the emergent and foul-resistant plants 42 are arranged in the water purification part 43 , and the three-stage facultative oxygen tank 13 is connected to the The water purification part 43 communicates with each other, and the water outlet 14b is provided on the side wall of the water storage part 44 .

In the above-mentioned preferred embodiment of the present invention, a water inlet pipe 11 a may be provided in the first-level anaerobic tank 11 , and a water outlet pipe 14 b may be provided in the fourth-level constructed wetland tank 14 . The water head height difference between the four-stage pools can be set to 10 cm, and the powerless operation is implemented. Specifically, the end of the water inlet pipe in the first-level anaerobic tank is 10 cm higher than the outlet of the first-level manure pipe 21 in the second-level anaerobic tank, and the outlet of the first-level manure pipe 21 in the second-level anaerobic tank is higher than the outlet of the first-level manure pipe 21 in the second-level anaerobic tank. The outlet of the secondary manure passage 22 is 10cm high, and the outlet of the secondary manure passage 22 in the third-grade facultative pond is 10cm higher than the outlet of the water outlet communication pipe 23 in the fourth-grade constructed wetland pool, and the water outlet communication pipe 23 in the fourth-grade constructed wetland basin is at the same time. The outlet of the water outlet is 10cm higher than the outlet of the outlet pipe in the fourth-level constructed wetland pool.

Preferably, a water distribution pipe 31 is arranged at the top of the third-stage facultative oxygen tank 13 , and the water distribution pipe is integrally arranged at the end of the outlet end of the secondary manure passage pipe 22 . Specifically, a horizontal through hole 31b perpendicular to the axis of the water distribution pipe is opened on the wall of the water distribution pipe. The number of horizontal through holes is set to at least 3, and the size of the hole diameter increases in turn along the flow direction of the liquid in the water pipe.

Preferably, an air pulling pipe 32 is arranged on the top of the third-stage facultative oxygen tank 13, the bottom end of the air pulling pipe is arranged at the end of the outlet end of the secondary fecal pipe 22, and the top of the air pulling pipe extends through the wall of the third-stage facultative oxygen tank 13 to external. The number of extraction pipes can be set from 1 to 5. Preferably, a pair of parallel air-pulling holes 32a are provided on the wall of each air-pulling pipe located outside the tertiary facultative oxygen tank 13, and preferably the axis of the air-pulling holes is set to be horizontal. In the above-mentioned embodiment, preferably at least three air extraction pipes are provided, and the axes of the air extraction holes provided on two adjacent air extraction pipes are arranged to cross each other, so that the directions of the air extraction holes on the adjacent two air extraction pipes are staggered, and the its ventilation effect.

It is preferable to fill the bottom of the three-stage facultative oxygen tank 13 with a fiber composite filler 33, which is beneficial to the film hanging treatment, and its filling height preferably does not exceed the water outlet pipe. The filler is preferably a plastic fiber strip, which is fixed in the three-stage facultative oxygen tank 13 through a grid, and each fiber strip is bundled by steel wires in a snowflake shape. Preferably, a cleaning opening 34 is arranged on the top of the tertiary tank body, so as to facilitate the regular cleaning of sediments.

In the preferred embodiment of the integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device of the present invention, it is preferable to place the adsorption matrix 41 and the emergent pollution-resistant plants 42 in the four-stage constructed wetland pool 14, wherein the adsorption matrix 41 can be ceramsite, zeolite Or limestone, the emergent water-tolerant plant 42 can be iris, jasper or canna. It is preferable to select a combination of ceramsite and Zailihua in the four-level constructed wetland pool 14 . The following experiments prove the effect of arranging the adsorption matrix 41 and the emergent and fouling-resistant plants 42 in the device:

(1) Experimental setup

In the experiment, nine groups of adsorption substrates 41 and emergent and pollution-resistant plants 42 were set up in the four-level constructed wetland pool of the above-mentioned device: calamus + ceramsite, Zailihua + ceramsite, canna + ceramsite, calamus + zeolite, Lihua + zeolite, canna + zeolite, yellow calamus + limestone, Zaili flower + limestone, canna + limestone, of which there are 48 yellow calamus plants, the average plant height is (21.12±1.36) cm, and the planting density is 16 clumps/㎡. There are 36 plants of Zailihua, with an average plant height of (23.24±3.19) cm and a planting density of 12 clumps/㎡, and a total of 48 canna plants with an average plant height of (22.33±4.15) cm and a planting density of 6 clumps/㎡. The average fresh weights are 150.33g, 180.53g, and 143.4g respectively, and the water is fed by a PVC pipe with a diameter of 10cm;

(2) Experimental method:

The water inlet simulates the effluent configuration of the three-stage facultative oxygen tank. The hydraulic retention time is two days. The water samples are measured every two weeks and continuously monitored for one year. The detected water quality includes CODcr, TN, TP, NH ₃ -N and SS. The results The membership function method was used to analyze the influent water quality as shown in Table 1:

Table 1 Constructed wetland influent water quality

(3) Data analysis:

The pollution removal rate of sewage is calculated by R=(C ₀ -C _i )/C ₀ × 100%, where C ₀ and C _i represent the pollutant concentrations of the influent and effluent, respectively. Convert it into membership function value, and take the average value of membership degree of each index as the comprehensive identification standard of sewage purification capacity) formula: (Xi-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin) to analyze the purification effect of the system.

(4) Experimental results:

Table 2 Pollutant removal rates of each combination of adsorption substrates and emergent and fouling-tolerant plants:

Table 3 Concentrations of pollutants in effluent of each combination of adsorption substrates and emergent and fouling-tolerant plants

(5) Experimental conclusion

It can be seen from the above that different adsorption substrates 41 and different emergent and pollution-resistant plants 42 are arranged in the four-level constructed wetland pool 14, wherein the emergent and pollution-resistant plants 42 increase the dissolved oxygen concentration in the wetland and strengthen the degradation path of aerobic microorganisms. Through the porous adsorption matrix to strengthen the adsorption path, and the secondary interception matrix to improve the transparency of the effluent, the combination of the above-mentioned adsorption matrix 41 and the emergent and pollution-resistant plants 42 has obvious decontamination effect, and finally achieves the discharge of effluent up to the standard.

Among them, considering that although the membership function value of the zeolite + canna system is slightly larger than that of the ceramsite + Zailihua system, its annual average removal rate for TP is negative, and it is prone to saturated phosphorus release, making it difficult for the effluent to reach the standard; In the preferred embodiment, the combination of ceramsite + reliflower is selected, which has high removal of CODcr, TN, TP, NH ₃ -N, and SS, stronger decontamination ability, and longer system operation.

In the integrated rural single-family domestic sewage purification device according to the present invention, compared with the traditional three-stage septic tank device, by improving the height of the fecal pipe, the sedimentation and filtration effects of the first-stage anaerobic tank are enhanced, and the two-stage anaerobic tank is improved. The hydrolysis and digestion effect of the first-level anaerobic tank; the air-pulling pipe set in the third-level facultative tank is enriched with oxygen to reduce the malodorous gas generated during the anaerobic effect of the second-level anaerobic tank; the fiber combination filler is set to promote facultative oxygen and anaerobic effect. The reproduction of oxygen bacteria enhances the efficiency of microorganisms in degrading organic matter in sewage; the fourth-level constructed wetlands increase the dissolved oxygen concentration in the wetland by setting up water drops and planting emergent water pollution-resistant plants and other measures, strengthen the degradation path of aerobic microorganisms, and strengthen the porous adsorption matrix The adsorption path and the secondary retention matrix improve the transparency of the effluent, and finally achieve the discharge of the effluent up to the standard. The integrated rural single-family domestic sewage purification device gives full play to the functions of microbial aerobic oxidation and anaerobic digestion, as well as physical adsorption and interception in sewage treatment; the device has high sewage purification efficiency and simple operation.

The above-mentioned embodiments only represent several embodiments of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are specific and detailed, but should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device is characterized by comprising four stages of integrally arranged tank bodies, namely a first-stage anaerobic tank, a second-stage anaerobic tank, a third-stage facultative tank and a fourth-stage artificial wetland tank, wherein the top of the fourth-stage artificial wetland tank is open, and a reproducible adsorption matrix and planted wetland emergent water and stain-resistant plants are arranged in the four-stage artificial wetland tank.

2. The integrated single household sewage purification apparatus of claim 1, wherein the adsorption matrix is ceramsite, zeolite or limestone.

3. The integrated single-family domestic sewage treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said emergent aquatic fouling resistant plant can be Acorus calamus, Thalia schrenki or canna.

4. The integrated single household sewage purification device of claim 3, wherein the adsorption substrate is ceramsite and the emergent water and stain resistant plant is Reli flower.

5. The integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a cylindrical shell, wherein the primary anaerobic tank, the secondary anaerobic tank, the tertiary facultative tank and the quaternary artificial wetland tank are sequentially arranged in the shell in a dividing manner; the one-level anaerobism pond is equipped with the water inlet, cross excrement pipe UNICOM through the one-level between one-level anaerobism pond and the second grade anaerobism pond, excrement pipe intercommunication is crossed through the second grade to second grade anaerobism pond and tertiary facultative anaerobic pond, tertiary facultative anaerobic pond and the artifical wetland pond of level four are through going out water communicating pipe intercommunication, the artifical wetland pond of level four is equipped with the delivery port.

6. The integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device according to claim 5, wherein said four-stage artificial wetland tank is divided into two parts by a vertical partition: the water purifying part is communicated with the bottom of the water storage part; the adsorption substrate and the emergent water stain-resistant plants are arranged at the water purification part, the three-stage facultative tank is communicated with the water purification part through the water outlet communicating pipe, and the water outlet is arranged at the water purification part.

7. The integrated single household sewage purification device of claim 6, wherein the height from the bottom of the primary manure passing pipe inlet to the bottom of the primary anaerobic tank is 1/2-3/5 of the height of the inner cavity of the primary anaerobic tank.

8. The integrated single household sewage purification device of claim 6, wherein the height from the bottom of the secondary manure passing pipe inlet to the bottom of the secondary anaerobic tank is 1/5-1/3 of the height of the inner cavity of the secondary anaerobic tank.

9. The integrated single-family domestic sewage purification device according to claim 6, wherein a water distribution pipe is arranged at the top of the third-stage facultative tank, the water distribution pipe is integrally arranged at the tail end of the outlet end of the second-stage fecal sewage treatment pipe, and a horizontal through hole perpendicular to the axis of the water distribution pipe is arranged on the wall of the water distribution pipe.

10. The integrated single household sewage purification device according to claim 6, wherein a draft tube is arranged at the top of the tertiary facultative tank, the bottom end of the draft tube is arranged at the tail end of the outlet end of the secondary feces passing tube, and the top end of the draft tube passes through the wall of the tertiary facultative tank and extends to the outside of the tertiary facultative tank.

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