CN111810104B - Crack simulation device capable of dynamically deforming - Google Patents
Crack simulation device capable of dynamically deforming Download PDFInfo
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- CN111810104B CN111810104B CN202010675013.4A CN202010675013A CN111810104B CN 111810104 B CN111810104 B CN 111810104B CN 202010675013 A CN202010675013 A CN 202010675013A CN 111810104 B CN111810104 B CN 111810104B
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 72
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 65
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/04—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of buildings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamically deformable crack simulation device, which comprises a crack simulation body and a support for supporting the crack simulation body, wherein the crack simulation body is in a flexible plate shape and is vertically arranged, and the upper edge and the lower edge of the crack simulation body are respectively connected with the support through a plane sliding mechanism so as to allow the upper edge and the lower edge of the crack simulation body to locally or integrally move transversely or longitudinally in the horizontal direction, so that the crack simulation body is bent or deformed in a torsion mode. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the fracture simulator has form adaptability, can simulate various fractures in different forms, is convenient to research the mutual influence between the migration and the laying of the propping agent and the fracture form, can also research the influence of an external force on the laying rule of the propping agent in the fracture by simulating the ground stress, and provides more complex test conditions closer to the actual situation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas reservoir fracturing experimental devices, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional movable flexible fracture simulation device.
Background
The proportion of unconventional oil gas with low permeability and low porosity in total oil gas resources is large, and currently, the main means for effectively developing the unconventional oil gas resources is a horizontal well and hydraulic fracturing technology. However, for the hydraulic fracturing technology, it is particularly important to accurately evaluate different fracturing modes and know the process of the proppant in the fracture transmission laying process. Therefore, the visual fracture evaluation under the laboratory condition is developed, the research has important significance for optimizing the fracturing scheme, the existing laboratory fracture simulation device simulates the transmission of a propping agent along with fracturing fluid under the existing fracture form under the inherent condition, and the form characteristics of the fracture are fixed. On one hand, only the migration and the laying of the propping agent in the inherent cracks can be researched, and for the cracks with different shapes, corresponding devices need to be designed and manufactured respectively, so that the method is very inconvenient; on the other hand, in the real fracturing process, under the influence of formation stress anisotropy and natural fractures developed by a reservoir, the hydraulic fracture propagation mode and direction have great randomness and secondary fractures are possibly generated, so that the overall morphology of the fractures is greatly changed, the change adversely affects the migration of the propping agent, and the conventional device cannot simulate the process.
For example, patent document CN104237460A discloses a device for simulating the sedimentation law of proppant in a complex fracture network of volume fracturing, which comprises a main fracture composed of barriers, a secondary fracture vertically connected with the main fracture, and a tertiary fracture parallel with the main fracture and connected with the main fracture through the secondary fracture. The device overall structure can fully simulate different types of fracture networks of underground reservoirs, can visually observe the sedimentation process of the propping agent, but the fracture form does not change, and can not simulate the natural expansion and form change process of the fracture when the propping agent is conveyed and laid.
Patent document CN105275444A discloses a device for visually simulating proppant sedimentation rule in a dynamic single slit, which forms an artificial crack by two panels connected by a silica gel ring in a closed manner, and utilizes the elasticity of the silica gel ring to realize the process from initial closing to opening by the impact of fluid pressure, so as to realize and record the visual dynamic laying of proppant under the condition that the crack is dynamically opened. However, the shape of the crack is still fixed as a whole, and the process of crack propagation deformation in actual conditions cannot be reflected.
Therefore, the design of the flexible deformable crack simulation device is very significant, the migration rule of the propping agent in different-form cracks can be preset, the crack form can be quickly and flexibly adjusted in the experimental process, the influence of the random expansion characteristic of the crack on the migration of the propping agent can be simulated, and the free deformation of a local crack area under the interference of the ground stress can be simulated, so that the influence of the dynamic deformation of the crack on the migration rule of the propping agent can be better researched under the laboratory condition.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a dynamically deformable crack simulator.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a crack simulation device capable of dynamically deforming comprises a crack simulation body and a support for supporting the crack simulation body, and is characterized in that the support comprises two substrates which are arranged oppositely up and down and connected through an upright post;
the crack simulator is in a flexible plate shape, the crack simulator is vertically arranged, and the upper edge and the lower edge of the crack simulator are respectively connected with the support through a plane sliding mechanism;
the plane sliding mechanism comprises a sliding head and a guide rail array, the sliding head is respectively arranged at the upper edge and the lower edge of the crack simulator, and the guide rail array is respectively arranged on the substrate;
each guide rail array comprises at least two mutually communicated slide ways which are arranged on the same surface of the same substrate in a crossed manner, and the sliding heads are embedded in the slide ways.
By adopting the design, the fracture simulation device has the advantages that the support and the plane sliding mechanism play a supporting role for the fracture simulation body, and the upper edge and the lower edge of the fracture simulation body are allowed to move locally or integrally in the horizontal direction, so that the fracture simulation body is caused to bend or deform in a torsion mode, the fracture simulation body has form adaptability, cracks in different forms can be simulated, and meanwhile, the mutual influence between the migration and laying of a propping agent and the fracture form is convenient to study.
As a preferred technical scheme, guide track balls are distributed on one surface of the substrate facing the crack simulator in an array mode, and the areas between any two adjacent guide track balls and the substrate are communicated to form the slide way;
the sliding head is spherical and is connected to the edge of the crack simulator through a first connecting column, and the sliding head is embedded between the guide rail balls adjacent to the sliding head.
With the above design, the sliding head is restrained from falling out by the guide balls distributed in the array, and is allowed to freely move along the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction.
As a preferred technical solution, all the guide rail balls on the same side of the substrate are arranged in a rectangular array to form the transverse and longitudinal slide ways.
By adopting the design, the sliding head can freely slide along the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction.
As a preferred technical scheme, the guide rail ball is integrally formed with a connecting neck and a base, the connecting neck is vertically arranged, two ends of the connecting neck are respectively connected with the guide rail ball and the base, and the base is fixedly connected with the base plate.
By adopting the design, the guide rail ball is convenient to be arranged on the substrate.
As a preferred technical scheme, the outer surface of the guide rail ball is covered with a metal ball shell, the metal ball shell is provided with an opening, the connecting neck is arranged through the opening, and the metal ball shell can rotate around the guide rail ball.
By adopting the design, the sliding friction between the guide rail ball and the sliding head is favorably converted into rolling friction, and the friction resistance is reduced.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the guide rail ball is connected to the corresponding base plate through a vertically arranged second connecting column, one end of the second connecting column is hinged with the guide rail ball, and the other end of the second connecting column is fixedly connected with the base plate.
Design more than adopting, the second spliced pole adopts the ball pivot mode with the guide rail ball to be connected, allows the guide rail ball free rotation to facilitate for the slip of sliding head.
As a preferred technical solution, at least one of the first connecting column and the second connecting column is an elastic rod or a spring.
By adopting the design, when the sliding head moves, the first connecting column or/and the second connecting column can elastically deform, so that the sliding head or the guide rail ball can adaptively yield, and the free movement of the sliding head is facilitated.
As a preferred technical scheme, the crack simulator comprises a flexible rectangular crack plate, a thin-layer cavity for simulating a crack gap is arranged in the crack plate, a row of clamping blocks are respectively arranged on the upper edge and the lower edge of the crack plate, and the clamping blocks are connected with the bracket through the plane sliding mechanism;
two vertical edges of the crack plate are respectively buckled with a liquid channel seal, one liquid channel seal is provided with a fracturing fluid inlet, the other liquid channel seal is provided with a fracturing fluid outlet, and the fracturing fluid inlet and the fracturing fluid outlet are communicated with the thin layer cavity.
By adopting the design, the fracturing fluid can be conveniently injected, the thin-layer cavity is used for simulating dynamic cracks, and meanwhile, complex cracks can be simulated when the thin-layer cavity is distorted or bent.
Preferably, the slit plate is a transparent or translucent plate.
By adopting the design, experimenters can observe and research the laying rule of the propping agent conveniently.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the fracture simulator can move or deform, has form adaptability, can simulate various fractures in different forms, is convenient to research the mutual influence between the migration and laying of the propping agent and the fracture form, can also research the influence of an external force on the fracture form and the laying rule of the propping agent by simulating the ground stress, and provides more complex test conditions closer to the actual situation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the portion m in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a metal ball case covering a guide rail ball;
FIG. 5 is a left side view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a crack plate;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a planar slide mechanism;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of another planar slide mechanism;
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fracture simulator with different shapes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 5, a dynamically deformable fracture simulation apparatus includes a fracture simulation body 100 and a support 200 for supporting the fracture simulation body 100, wherein the fracture simulation body 100 is in a flexible plate shape, the fracture simulation body 100 is vertically arranged, and an upper edge and a lower edge of the fracture simulation body 100 are respectively connected with the support 200 through a planar sliding mechanism, so as to allow the upper edge and the lower edge of the fracture simulation body 100 to partially or wholly move laterally or longitudinally in a horizontal direction, thereby causing bending or torsional deformation of the fracture simulation body 100.
Specifically, the support 200 includes two substrates 201 disposed opposite to each other up and down, and the two substrates 201 are connected by a pillar 202. The planar sliding mechanism includes a sliding head 150 and a guide rail array 210, and the guide rail array 210 is respectively disposed on a surface of the substrate 201 facing the fracture simulator 100. Each of the guide rail arrays 210 includes at least two slide rails 211 arranged on the substrate 201 in a crossing manner.
The sliding heads 150 are respectively arranged at the upper edge and the lower edge of the fracture simulator 100 and embedded in the corresponding slide ways 211. Thus, when the split simulation body 100 is subjected to a transverse force perpendicular to the plane of the split simulation body, a part of the sliding head 150 is displaced transversely, and at the same time, a part of the sliding head 150 at a close position is displaced longitudinally, so that the split simulation body 100 is bent or twisted.
The fracture simulator 100 includes a flexible rectangular fracture plate 110, as shown in fig. 6, a thin cavity 111 for simulating a fracture is provided in the fracture plate 110, and the fracture plate 110 is a transparent or translucent plate made of a polymer material. For example, two thin PVC sheets may be overlapped and their edge portions bonded or welded together to form a slit sheet 110 having an internal thin layer cavity 111. The upper edge and the lower edge of the crack plate 110 are respectively provided with a row of clamping blocks 130, the clamping blocks 130 located at the same edge of the crack plate 110 are arranged along the edge of the crack plate 110, the clamping blocks 130 are U-shaped, two arms of the clamping blocks 130 are respectively located at two sides of the crack plate 110, and the clamping blocks 130 are connected with the crack plate 110 through bolts so as to clamp the crack plate 110. At least one of the sliding heads 150 is connected to each clamping block 130. Two vertical edges of the crack plate 110 are respectively buckled with a liquid channel seal 120, one of the liquid channel seals 120 is provided with a fracturing fluid inlet 121, the other liquid channel seal 120 is provided with a fracturing fluid outlet 122, and both the fracturing fluid inlet 121 and the fracturing fluid outlet 122 are communicated with the thin layer cavity 111.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, guide balls 212 are distributed on one surface of the substrate 201 facing the fracture simulator 100 in a rectangular array, and any two adjacent guide balls 212 are communicated with an area between the substrate 201 to form the guide rail array 210. The sliding head 150 is spherical, the sliding head 150 is connected to the edge of the fracture simulator 100 through the first connecting column 140, and the sliding head 150 is embedded between the adjacent guide balls 212. The surfaces of the sliding head 150 and the guide rail ball 212 are smooth surfaces. Thus, slider 150 is free to slide laterally or longitudinally while slider 150 is restrained from backing out by its adjacent track ball 212.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 7, the guide rail ball 212 is integrally formed with a connecting neck 213 and a base 214, the connecting neck 213 is vertically disposed, two ends of the connecting neck are respectively connected with the guide rail ball 212 and the base 214, and the base 214 is fixedly connected with the base plate 201.
To reduce the friction between the slider 150 and the track ball 212, a metal ball shell 212a is covered on the outer surface of the track ball 212, the metal ball shell 212a has an opening, the metal ball shell (212a) wraps around the track ball 212, and the opening allows the connecting neck 213 to freely pass through, as shown in fig. 4. The metal ball housing 212a is able to rotate about the guide ball 212, which converts rolling friction between the slider 150 and the guide ball 212 into sliding friction, thereby facilitating movement of the slider 150.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the guide rail ball 212 is connected to the corresponding base plate 201 through a second connecting column 215 vertically arranged, one end of the second connecting column 215 is connected to the guide rail ball 212 in a spherical hinge or fixed manner, and the other end is fixedly connected to the base plate 201. Further, at least one of the first connecting column 140 and the second connecting column 215 is an elastic rod or spring, which has the function that when the sliding head 150 slides between the track balls 212, the first connecting column 140 and the second connecting column 215 can deform to a certain extent, so that the sliding head 150 can slide freely, and blocking is prevented.
When a fracturing fluid injection experiment is performed, the end of the fracturing fluid inlet 121 of the fracture simulator 100 can be fixed with the support, and the end of the fracturing fluid outlet 122 can be kept to move freely. The fracture simulation body 100 is shaped in advance, such as the planar fracture and the curved fracture shown in fig. 9, and fig. 9 is a schematic top cross-sectional view of the fracture simulation body 100 with different shapes. And injecting fracturing fluid and proppant through a fracturing fluid inlet 121, observing the laying condition of the proppant in the fracture, and comparing and analyzing the laying condition of the proppant in the fractures with different shapes.
In the experimental process, no external force is applied to intervene in the fracture simulation body 100, the form of the fracture simulation body 100 may dynamically change along with the migration and laying of the propping agent, particularly the change of a bent fracture is easy to occur, and the change of the fracture form by the fracturing fluid in the injection process of the fracturing fluid under the natural condition can be simulated in the scene;
the method can also be used for intervening by locally applying a constant external force to the fracture simulator 100, and the form of the fracture simulator 100 can be slightly changed along with the migration of the proppant, so that the changes of the fracture form caused by the injection of the fracturing fluid and the migration of the proppant under the condition of stable stress are simulated;
in addition, a dynamic external force can be applied to the local or the whole of the fracture simulation body 100 for intervention, in the process, the form of the fracture simulation body 100 can be dynamically changed, the migration and the laying of the propping agent can be dynamically changed, and the two dynamic changes interact with each other, so that the fracture form change and the migration change of the propping agent and the mutual influence of the two changes under the ground stress change environment can be simulated, and a complex experimental model closer to the real condition can be provided.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the fracture simulator provided by the invention skillfully utilizes the deformability of the fracture simulator 100, provides a fracture simulator capable of dynamically changing in an experimental process, can simulate the phenomena of development, turning, generation of secondary fractures and the like of fractures under the action of multiple factors such as injection of fracturing fluid, migration and laying of proppant, and ground stress change in a real environment, and researches the interaction relationship among multidimensional factors such as fracture morphology and change thereof, proppant migration and laying rules, and ground stress change in a fracturing system.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various similar representations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A dynamically deformable fracture simulation device comprising a fracture simulation body (100) and a support (200) for supporting the fracture simulation body (100), characterized in that: the support (200) comprises two substrates (201) which are arranged oppositely up and down, and the two substrates (201) are connected through an upright post (202);
the crack simulation body (100) is in a flexible plate shape, the crack simulation body (100) is vertically arranged, and the upper edge and the lower edge of the crack simulation body (100) are respectively connected with the support (200) through a plane sliding mechanism;
the plane sliding mechanism comprises a sliding head (150) and a guide rail array (210), the sliding head (150) is respectively arranged at the upper edge and the lower edge of the fracture simulation body (100), and the guide rail array (210) is respectively arranged on the substrate (201);
each guide rail array (210) comprises at least two mutually communicated slide ways (211) which are arranged on the same surface of the same substrate (201) in a crossed manner, and the sliding heads (150) are embedded in the slide ways (211).
2. A dynamically deformable fracture simulator as defined in claim 1, wherein: guide rail balls (212) are distributed on one surface of the substrate (201) facing the crack simulator body (100) in an array mode, and the area between any two adjacent guide rail balls (212) and the substrate (201) is communicated to form the slide way (211);
the sliding head (150) is spherical, the sliding head (150) is connected to the edge of the crack simulator (100) through a first connecting column (140), and the sliding head (150) is embedded between the guide rail balls (212) adjacent to the sliding head.
3. A dynamically deformable fracture simulator as defined in claim 2, wherein: all the guide rail balls (212) positioned on the same surface of the base plate (201) are arranged in a rectangular array to form the transverse and longitudinal slide ways (211).
4. A dynamically deformable fracture simulator as defined in claim 2, wherein: guide rail ball (212) integrated into one piece has connection neck (213) and base (214), connect neck (213) vertical setting, its both ends respectively with guide rail ball (212) with base (214) are connected, base (214) with base plate (201) fixed connection.
5. A dynamically deformable fracture simulator as defined in claim 4, wherein: the outer surface of the guide rail ball (212) is covered with a metal ball shell (212a), the metal ball shell (212a) is provided with an opening, the connecting neck (213) is arranged through the opening, and the metal ball shell (212a) can rotate around the guide rail ball (212).
6. A dynamically deformable fracture simulator as defined in claim 2, wherein: the guide rail ball (212) is connected on the corresponding base plate (201) through a vertically arranged second connecting column (215), one end of the second connecting column (215) is connected with the guide rail ball (212) in a spherical hinge mode, and the other end of the second connecting column is fixedly connected with the base plate (201).
7. A dynamically deformable fracture simulator as defined in claim 6, wherein: at least one of the first connecting post (140) and the second connecting post (215) is a resilient bar or spring.
8. A dynamically deformable crack simulator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the crack simulator (100) comprises a flexible rectangular crack plate (110), a thin-layer cavity (111) for simulating a crack gap is arranged in the crack plate (110), a row of clamping blocks (130) are respectively arranged on the upper edge and the lower edge of the crack plate (110), and the clamping blocks (130) are connected with the support (200) through the plane sliding mechanism;
two vertical edges of the crack plate (110) are respectively buckled with liquid channel sealing strips (120), one of the liquid channel sealing strips (120) is provided with a fracturing fluid inlet (121), the other liquid channel sealing strip (120) is provided with a fracturing fluid outlet (122), and the fracturing fluid inlet (121) and the fracturing fluid outlet (122) are communicated with the thin layer cavity (111).
9. A dynamically deformable fracture simulator as defined in claim 8, wherein: the slit plate (110) is a transparent or translucent plate.
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| CN114592844B (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2024-07-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Reservoir fracture simulation device and application thereof |
| CN114199510B (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2024-04-12 | 西南石油大学 | Integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device and preparation method thereof |
| CN115898375B (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2024-06-18 | 西南石油大学 | Particle migration visualization experiment device and method for simulating fracture fluid-solid coupling deformation |
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