CN111816897A - Fuel cell stack performance detection method - Google Patents
Fuel cell stack performance detection method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04305—Modeling, demonstration models of fuel cells, e.g. for training purposes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04432—Pressure differences, e.g. between anode and cathode
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04455—Concentration; Density of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
- H01M8/045—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04507—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The application discloses a fuel cell stack performance detection method. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a target stack performance detection model, wherein the input of the target stack performance detection model is specifically any three or more than three operating condition parameters: coolant temperature at the coolant inlet, cathode gas inlet pressure, cathode stoichiometry, cathode inlet gas humidity, anode stoichiometry, differential pressure between the anode gas inlet and the cathode gas inlet; and inputting the corresponding operating condition parameters of the galvanic pile to be detected into the target galvanic pile performance detection model, and acquiring a detection result. Therefore, the performance of the to-be-detected electric pile can be rapidly detected by utilizing the target electric pile performance detection model, so that the problems in the prior art are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell stack performance detection method.
Background
A stack of a fuel cell is generally formed by stacking a plurality of fuel cells. When the fuel cell discharges, the electrochemical reaction generated in the electric pile is utilized to directly convert the chemical energy in the fuel into the electric energy, thereby having higher energy conversion efficiency. At present, as fuel cells are gradually popularized and applied in a plurality of fields such as vehicles, the performance of the galvanic pile needs to be estimated quickly under different application conditions. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a method that can quickly detect the performance of a fuel cell stack.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a fuel cell stack performance detection method which can be used for solving the problems in the prior art.
The embodiment of the application provides a method for detecting the performance of a fuel cell stack, wherein the stack comprises a cathode gas inlet, a cathode gas outlet, an anode gas inlet, an anode gas outlet, a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a target stack performance detection model, wherein the input of the target stack performance detection model is specifically any three or more than three operating condition parameters: coolant temperature at the coolant inlet, cathode gas inlet pressure, cathode stoichiometry, cathode inlet gas humidity, anode stoichiometry, differential pressure between the anode gas inlet and the cathode gas inlet;
and inputting the corresponding operating condition parameters of the galvanic pile to be detected into the target galvanic pile performance detection model, and acquiring a detection result.
Preferably, the target stack performance detection model is specifically a two-level, three-level or four-level stack performance detection model.
Preferably, the obtaining of the target stack performance detection model specifically includes: screening the target pile performance detection model from a plurality of pile performance detection models, wherein for each pile performance detection model in the plurality of pile performance detection models, the input of the pile performance detection model is specifically any three or more than three of the following operating condition parameters: coolant temperature at the coolant inlet, cathode gas inlet pressure, cathode stoichiometry, cathode inlet gas humidity, anode stoichiometry, and pressure differential between the anode gas inlet and the cathode gas inlet.
Preferably, the target galvanic pile performance detection model is screened from a plurality of galvanic pile performance detection models, and specifically:
and for each electric pile performance detection model in the plurality of electric pile performance detection models, comparing the estimation result of the electric pile performance detection model on the electric pile performance with the actual detection result of the electric pile performance, and screening the electric pile performance detection model meeting preset conditions as the target electric pile performance detection model according to the comparison result.
Preferably, the input of the target stack performance detection model is specifically: coolant temperature at the coolant inlet, cathode gas inlet pressure, cathode stoichiometry, cathode inlet gas humidity, anode stoichiometry, and pressure differential between the anode gas inlet and the cathode gas inlet.
Preferably, the method for obtaining the target galvanic pile performance detection model specifically comprises the following steps: and generating a three-level target electric pile performance detection model by using central composite design software.
Preferably, the coolant temperature at the coolant inlet is: 55-65 ℃;
the values of the cathode gas inlet pressure are as follows: 50-70 kPa;
the cathode stoichiometric ratio takes the following values: 2.0 to 2.5;
the value of the cathode inlet gas humidity is as follows: 30% -50%;
the value of the anode inlet gas humidity is as follows: 30% -70%;
the stoichiometric ratio of the anode takes the following values: 1.4 to 1.5; and the number of the first and second groups,
the pressure difference between the anode gas inlet and the cathode gas inlet takes the following values: 7 to 15 kPa.
Preferably, the value of the anode stoichiometric ratio is 1.5; and the number of the first and second groups,
the pressure difference between the anode gas inlet and the cathode gas inlet is 10 kPa.
Preferably, the input of the target stack performance detection model is specifically: coolant inlet coolant temperature, cathode gas inlet pressure, cathode stoichiometry, cathode inlet gas humidity, and anode inlet gas humidity.
Preferably, the working current density of the target stack performance detection model is specifically: 0.7 to 1.8A/cm2。
The embodiment of the application adopts at least one technical scheme which can achieve the following beneficial effects:
by adopting the fuel cell stack performance detection method provided by the embodiment of the application, after the target stack performance detection model is obtained, the corresponding operation condition parameters of the stack to be detected can be input into the target stack performance detection model, so as to obtain the detection result, wherein the input of the target stack performance detection model is specifically any three or more than three of the following operation condition parameters: t-w, P-c, St-c, RH-a, St-a, Δ P. Therefore, the performance of the to-be-detected electric pile can be rapidly detected by utilizing the target electric pile performance detection model, so that the problems in the prior art are solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic specific flowchart of a method for detecting performance of a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As previously indicated, as fuel cells are gradually popularized and applied in various fields, a method capable of rapidly detecting the performance of a fuel cell stack is required due to different application conditions. Based on this, the embodiment of the application provides a fuel cell stack performance detection method, which can quickly detect the performance of a fuel cell stack, thereby solving the problems in the prior art.
The fuel cell stack generally includes a cathode gas inlet, a cathode gas outlet, an anode gas inlet, an anode gas outlet, a coolant inlet, and a coolant outlet, wherein an oxidizing gas such as oxygen may be introduced into the cathode of the stack through the cathode gas inlet to cause a reduction reaction at the cathode of the stack, and the cathode gas outlet may be used to discharge the gas therefrom.
Fuel such as hydrogen can be introduced into the anode of the electric pile through the anode gas inlet to enable the fuel to generate oxidation reaction at the anode of the electric pile, and the anode gas outlet can be used for leading out the gas in the anode gas outlet.
The temperature of the electric pile can be controlled by introducing a coolant such as mixed liquid of ethylene glycol and deionized water into the electric pile through a coolant inlet, and a coolant outlet can be used for leading out the coolant in the electric pile.
The discharge current density of the pile can be 0.1-1.8A/cm2For example, 0.5A/cm2、0.7A/cm2、0.9A/cm2、1.3A/cm2、1.5A/cm2、1.8A/cm2Or other values in between, wherein A/cm2Expressed in amperes per square centimeter.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic flow chart of the method, which specifically includes the following steps:
step S11: and acquiring a target electric pile performance detection model.
The input of the target stack performance detection model is specifically any three or more than three operating condition parameters as follows: coolant temperature at coolant inlet (T-w), cathode gas inlet pressure (P-c), cathode stoichiometry (St-c), cathode inlet gas humidity (RH-c), anode inlet gas humidity (RH-a), anode stoichiometry (St-a), pressure differential between anode and cathode gas inlets (Δ P).
For example, the inputs of the target stack performance detection model can be T-w, P-c, St-c, RH-c and RH-a; or, T-w, P-c, St-c, RH-a, St-a, and Δ P; alternatively, T-w, St-c, RH-a, and the like may be used.
In addition, the target stack performance detection model may be specifically a two-level, three-level or four-level stack performance detection model. For example, the target stack performance detection model may be a three-level stack performance detection model considering that the accuracy of the two-level stack performance detection model is relatively poor, and the data amount of the four-level stack performance detection model is large.
As for the method for obtaining the target stack performance detection model, the method may be a method for screening out the target stack performance detection model from a plurality of pre-generated stack performance detection models, wherein in the pre-generated stack performance detection models, each stack performance detection model has input of any three or more independent operating condition parameters selected from the following: t-w, P-c, St-c, RH-a, St-a, Δ P.
The specific mode may be that, for each of the plurality of cell stack performance detection models, the estimation result of the cell stack performance detection model on the cell stack performance is compared with the actual detection result of the cell stack performance, and the cell stack performance detection model meeting the preset condition is screened out according to the comparison result and used as the target cell stack performance detection model.
The preset condition may be that the deviation between the predicted result and the actual detection result is minimum, or the deviation is smaller than a preset value (e.g. 1%, 1.5%, 3%, etc.), where the deviation may be a relative deviation, for example, the relative deviation of a certain predicted result may be a percentage of a ratio of an absolute deviation of the predicted result to the actual detection result.
In practical application, when describing the performance of the stack of a certain fuel cell, the generally adopted index may be the average voltage output by the stack, the range of the stack unit cell, the impedance of the stack, and the like, and therefore the estimation result may be an estimation result of the average voltage output by the stack, an estimation result of the range of the stack unit cell, and an estimation result of the impedance of the stack, which is not limited herein, and it is only required that the predicted index can be used for reflecting the performance of the stack.
For example, when the deviation between the estimated result and the actual detection result is the minimum, the stack performance detection model with the minimum deviation between the estimated result and the actual detection result is screened out according to the comparison result and is used as the target stack performance detection model.
When the deviation is smaller than a certain preset value, screening a galvanic pile performance detection model with the deviation smaller than the certain preset value according to a comparison result to serve as the target galvanic pile performance detection model; in particular, when there are a plurality of cell stack performance detection models having deviations smaller than a predetermined value, one of the cell stack performance detection models may be arbitrarily selected as the target cell stack performance detection model.
In practical applications, the stack performance detection model may be generated in advance in a variety of ways, one way may be that the stack performance detection model is generated by using central composite Design software, such as Design expert software. For example, the Design expert software is used for generating a plurality of electric pile performance detection models of three levels, and a target electric pile performance detection model is screened out.
For example, 3 electric pile performance detection models of three levels are generated in advance by using Design expert software, wherein the models are respectively a model 1, a model 2 and a model 3, and the input of the model 1 is T-w, P-c, St-c, RH-a, St-a and delta P; the inputs of model 2 are specifically T-w, P-c, St-c, RH-c and RH-a; the inputs for model 3 are specifically T-w, St-c, RH-c, and RH-a.
The model 1, the model 2 and the model 3 can be used for comparing the estimation result of the performance of the galvanic pile with the actual detection result of the performance of the galvanic pile, so that a target galvanic pile performance detection model is screened out.
In the screening process, the value of T-w can be 55-65 ℃, such as 55 ℃, 56 ℃, 58 ℃, 63 ℃, 65 ℃ or a value in between, in consideration of the actual situation. The value of P-c can be 50-70 kPa, such as 50kPa, 55kPa, 58kPa, 62kPa, 66kPa, 70kPa or a value in between. St-c can be 2.0-2.5, such as 2, 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, or a value in between. RH-c can be 30% to 50%, such as 30%, 35%, 37%, 40%, 43%, 45%, 47%, 50% or values in between. RH-a may be 30% to 70%, such as 30%, 35%, 49%, 55%, 65%, 70% or values in between. St-a can be 1.4-1.5, such as 1.4, 1.45, 1.5, or a value in between. The value of Δ P may be 7-15 kPa, such as 7kPa, 9kPa, 10kPa, 12kPa, 15kPa or a value in between.
Table 1: test results of model 1
As shown in Table 1 above, the model 1 was found to have a discharge current density of 0.7A/cm2And testing multiple groups of experiments under the condition that the average voltage error is +/-2 mV. Wherein, the value of delta P is fixed to 10kPa, and the value of St-a is fixed to 1.5. In table 1, V is represented as the average voltage of the stack output, which has a unit of volts (V).
The following Table 2 shows the model 1, in which the discharge current density of the pile is 0.7A/cm2And comparing the actual detection result with the estimated result under the condition that the average voltage error is +/-2 mV, wherein the comparison index is the average voltage V output by the galvanic pile and the unit of the average voltage V is volt (V), and the preset condition is that the relative deviation between the actual detection result and the estimated result is less than 1%.
Table 2: comparison of actual measurement and estimation results of model 1
As can be seen from table 2, the relative deviation of the average voltage output by the stack is less than 1%, which reflects that the deviation of the estimation result of the model 1 from the actual detection result is the smallest, and the model 1 is practically usable.
Step S12: and inputting the corresponding operating condition parameters of the electric pile to be detected into a target electric pile performance detection model, and acquiring the output of the target electric pile performance detection model as a detection result.
For example, if the input of the target stack performance detection model is T-w, P-c, St-c, RH-c, and RH-a, 5 operating condition parameters corresponding to the stack to be detected may be input to the target stack performance detection model, so as to obtain the output of the target stack performance detection model as the detection result.
The input of the target galvanic pile performance detection model is T-w, P-c, St-c, RH-a, St-a and delta P, and then 7 corresponding operating condition parameters of the galvanic pile to be detected can be input into the target galvanic pile performance detection model, so that the detection result is obtained.
Correspondingly, if the input of the target stack performance detection model is T-w, St-c, RH-c and RH-a, 4 corresponding operating condition parameters of the stack to be detected can be input into the target stack performance detection model, so as to obtain a detection result.
By adopting the fuel cell stack performance detection method provided by the embodiment of the application, after the target stack performance detection model is obtained, the corresponding operation condition parameters of the stack to be detected can be input into the target stack performance detection model, so as to obtain the detection result, wherein the input of the target stack performance detection model is specifically any three or more than three of the following operation condition parameters: t-w, P-c, St-c, RH-a, St-a, and Δ P. Therefore, the performance of the to-be-detected electric pile can be rapidly detected by utilizing the target electric pile performance detection model, so that the problems in the prior art are solved.
It is to be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for testing the performance of a fuel cell stack, the stack including a cathode gas inlet, a cathode gas outlet, an anode gas inlet, an anode gas outlet, a coolant inlet, and a coolant outlet, the method comprising:
acquiring a target stack performance detection model, wherein the input of the target stack performance detection model is specifically any three or more than three operating condition parameters: coolant temperature at the coolant inlet, cathode gas inlet pressure, cathode stoichiometry, cathode inlet gas humidity, anode stoichiometry, differential pressure between the anode gas inlet and the cathode gas inlet;
and inputting the corresponding operating condition parameters of the galvanic pile to be detected into the target galvanic pile performance detection model, and acquiring a detection result.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the target stack performance detection model is in particular a two-level, three-level or four-level stack performance detection model.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein obtaining a target stack performance detection model specifically comprises: screening the target pile performance detection model from a plurality of pile performance detection models, wherein for each pile performance detection model in the plurality of pile performance detection models, the input of the pile performance detection model is specifically any three or more than three of the following operating condition parameters: coolant temperature at the coolant inlet, cathode gas inlet pressure, cathode stoichiometry, cathode inlet gas humidity, anode stoichiometry, and pressure differential between the anode gas inlet and the cathode gas inlet.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the target stack performance detection model is selected from a plurality of stack performance detection models, in particular:
and for each electric pile performance detection model in the plurality of electric pile performance detection models, comparing the estimation result of the electric pile performance detection model on the electric pile performance with the actual detection result of the electric pile performance, and screening the electric pile performance detection model meeting preset conditions as the target electric pile performance detection model according to the comparison result.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inputs of the target stack performance detection model are specifically: coolant temperature at the coolant inlet, cathode gas inlet pressure, cathode stoichiometry, cathode inlet gas humidity, anode stoichiometry, and pressure differential between the anode gas inlet and the cathode gas inlet.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the obtaining of the target stack performance detection model specifically comprises: and generating a three-level target electric pile performance detection model by using central composite design software.
7. The method of claim 5,
the coolant temperature at the coolant inlet takes the following values: 55-65 ℃;
the values of the cathode gas inlet pressure are as follows: 50-70 kPa;
the cathode stoichiometric ratio takes the following values: 2.0 to 2.5;
the value of the cathode inlet gas humidity is as follows: 30% -50%;
the value of the anode inlet gas humidity is as follows: 30% -70%;
the stoichiometric ratio of the anode takes the following values: 1.4 to 1.5; and the number of the first and second groups,
the pressure difference between the anode gas inlet and the cathode gas inlet takes the following values: 7 to 15 kPa.
8. The method of claim 7,
the value of the anode stoichiometric ratio is 1.5; and the number of the first and second groups,
the pressure difference between the anode gas inlet and the cathode gas inlet is 10 kPa.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inputs of the target stack performance detection model are specifically: coolant inlet coolant temperature, cathode gas inlet pressure, cathode stoichiometry, cathode inlet gas humidity, and anode inlet gas humidity.
10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge current density of the galvanic pile is in particular: 0.7 to 1.8A/cm2。
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Cited By (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113238151A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-08-10 | 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 | Method for testing performance of fuel cell stack |
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