CN111803831A - Fire prevention and control system and control method for lithium ion battery prefabricated cabin - Google Patents

Abstract

A fire prevention and control system and a control method for a lithium ion battery prefabricated cabin comprise a control assembly, an air inlet and exhaust device and a fire extinguishing device; each battery energy storage cabinet is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet and a liquid nitrogen injection device, and a lithium ion battery cluster is arranged in each battery energy storage cabinet; the air inlet and exhaust device comprises a nitrogen storage tank, the output end of the nitrogen storage tank is communicated with each air inlet, and each air outlet is connected with the input end of the nitrogen storage tank; the fire extinguishing device comprises a liquid nitrogen storage tank, the output end of the liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected with each liquid nitrogen injection device, and the input end of the liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected with the nitrogen generator; the control assembly comprises a controller and a plurality of detection devices, and each detection device is correspondingly arranged in the battery energy storage cabinet and used for monitoring the fire condition; the controller is connected with the liquid nitrogen storage tank, the liquid nitrogen injection device, the nitrogen storage tank, the exhaust assembly and the air inlet assembly. The system not only cools down the normal operation of the lithium ion battery cluster, but also carries out high-efficiency fire extinguishing prevention and control on the lithium ion battery cluster, and the nitrogen and liquid nitrogen are mutually converted, so that the efficiency is higher.

Description

Fire prevention and control system and control method for lithium-ion battery prefabricated cabin

technical field

The invention relates to the field of fire extinguishing, in particular to a fire prevention and control system and a control method for a lithium ion battery prefabricated cabin.

Background technique

In order to promote the transformation and upgrading of my country's energy consumption industry structure and improve energy utilization, the planning and construction of lithium battery energy storage power stations based on lithium ion batteries have been vigorously developed.

Due to the inherent energy storage characteristics of lithium-ion batteries, when a large number of lithium-ion batteries in the energy storage station continue to operate, a large amount of heat will be generated, which will increase the temperature, and the energy storage systems of lithium-ion batteries are mostly small and closed spaces, which cannot be timely. heat dissipation, so there is a great danger;

The research on lithium-ion battery fires at home and abroad is in the exploratory stage, and a relatively complete technical system has not been established for the prevention and control measures of lithium-ion battery fires. At present, most of the cooling and heat dissipation measures taken for the battery cluster in the lithium battery prefabricated compartment are to install additional heat dissipation devices outside the lithium battery pack, which increases the volume of the lithium battery pack to a certain extent. In addition, effective measures have not been taken for the fire separation between lithium-ion battery clusters, and the chain propagation of a single lithium-ion battery cluster after thermal runaway cannot be effectively stopped in time;

In addition, while considering the cooling and heat dissipation of the lithium-ion battery cluster, it is also necessary to carry out fire prevention and control for the lithium-ion battery energy storage power station. The existing fire prevention and control is to use external fire protection facilities to extinguish the entire battery energy storage box; Taking the traditional building fire protection system as the model, a small fire protection system is arranged inside the box, and the automatic alarm device and the internal fire extinguishing system are used for the linkage operation to control and extinguish the fire; these two methods also occupy space separately, It cannot be matched with the cooling and heat dissipation of the lithium-ion battery cluster at the same time, resulting in a waste of resources. In addition, the traditional water-based fire extinguishing device is used, and the battery may be damaged after the fire is sprayed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a fire prevention and control system and a control method for a lithium-ion battery prefabricated cabin, which not only cools and dissipates heat for the operation of the lithium-ion battery cluster, but also performs efficient fire prevention and control. Heat dissipation and fire extinguishing prevention and control work together, the overall footprint is small, the efficiency is higher, and the resources are saved.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the fire prevention and control system for a lithium-ion battery prefabricated cabin includes a battery assembly, the battery assembly is arranged in the battery prefabricated cabin body, and includes a plurality of battery energy storage cabinets arranged in a row, each battery The energy storage cabinet is divided into a plurality of grids arranged up and down, and each grid is provided with an air inlet, an exhaust port and a liquid nitrogen injection device, and a lithium ion battery cluster is arranged in it;

The device also includes a control assembly, an air intake and exhaust device and a fire extinguishing device;

The air intake and exhaust device includes a nitrogen storage tank, an exhaust assembly and an intake assembly. After the output end of the nitrogen storage tank is connected to the intake assembly, it is communicated with each intake port through an intake pipeline. The air port is connected with the exhaust component and the input end of the nitrogen storage tank through the exhaust pipeline;

The fire extinguishing device includes a liquid nitrogen storage tank, the output end of the liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected with each liquid nitrogen injection device through a conveying pipeline, and the input end is connected with the nitrogen generator;

The control assembly includes a controller and a plurality of detection devices, the plurality of detection devices are all connected to the controller, and each detection device is correspondingly arranged in each grid for monitoring the fire situation in the corresponding battery energy storage cabinet;

The controller is connected with the liquid nitrogen storage tank and the liquid nitrogen injection device, which is used to transport the liquid nitrogen from the liquid nitrogen storage tank to the liquid nitrogen injection device and spray fire extinguishing, and is connected with the nitrogen storage tank, the exhaust component and the air intake component. The nitrogen is transported from the nitrogen storage tank to the battery energy storage cabinet for cooling and cooling, and then discharged to the nitrogen storage tank for circulation.

Further, the output end of the liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected with the input end of the nitrogen storage tank, and there is a one-way valve between them, the liquid nitrogen storage tank is provided with a first pressure gauge, and the one-way valve is connected to the first pressure gauge. Both are connected to the controller. When the value of the first pressure gauge is not in the set value range, the controller controls the opening and closing of the nitrogen generator and the opening and closing of the one-way valve.

Further, the nitrogen storage tank is provided with a second pressure gauge and an exhaust valve that are both connected to the controller, and when the pressure value exceeds the set value, the controller controls the exhaust valve to open;

The output end of the nitrogen storage tank is connected with the input end of the nitrogen generator, and a valve is arranged between them, and the controller controls the opening and closing of the valve.

Further, each exhaust port is provided with an exhaust shut-off valve, each air inlet is provided with an intake shut-off valve, and the controller controls the opening and closing of the exhaust shut-off valve and the intake shut-off valve.

Further, a filtering device and a cooling device are arranged between the exhaust assembly and the nitrogen storage tank in sequence.

Further, the control assembly also includes a sound and light alarm connected to the controller, and the sound and light alarm is used to issue sound and light alarm signals.

Further, the detection device is a temperature sensor and a light sensor, and the exhaust port on each grid is located above the corresponding air intake port.

Further, the battery energy storage cabinet and the divided grids all adopt a lightweight fireproof partition structure.

A control method for fire prevention and control for a lithium-ion battery prefabricated cabin, which specifically includes the following steps:

a. In normal state, the air intake assembly starts, and the nitrogen in the nitrogen storage tank is transferred to the grid of each battery energy storage cabinet through the air intake pipeline to cool down the lithium-ion battery cluster and absorb the lithium-ion battery cluster operation. heat; the exhaust component is activated, and the nitrogen in the battery energy storage cabinet is re-transported to the nitrogen storage tank through the exhaust pipeline;

When the nitrogen pressure in the nitrogen storage tank is insufficient, the controller controls the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank to be transported to the nitrogen storage tank, and the liquid nitrogen is converted into nitrogen for filling, so that the pressure in the nitrogen storage tank reaches the set range. When the nitrogen pressure in the nitrogen storage tank is too high, the nitrogen in the nitrogen storage tank is converted into liquid nitrogen through the nitrogen generator and sent to the liquid nitrogen storage tank for replenishment of liquid nitrogen, or the nitrogen in the nitrogen storage tank is directly discharged;

b. When a fire occurs in the lithium-ion battery cluster in the battery energy storage cabinet, the corresponding detection device detects the fire signal and feeds it back to the controller. On the one hand, the controller controls the sound and light alarm to send out an alarm signal, exhaust components, inlet On the other hand, the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank is transported to the liquid nitrogen injection device through the conveying pipeline, and the liquid nitrogen injection device releases the liquid nitrogen to the corresponding battery In the energy storage cabinet, quickly extinguish the lithium-ion battery cluster;

When the liquid nitrogen pressure in the liquid nitrogen storage tank is insufficient, the controller controls the nitrogen generator to start, and the nitrogen generator directly generates nitrogen from the air through the compressor, or receives nitrogen from the nitrogen storage tank to liquefy it into liquid nitrogen. The liquid nitrogen storage tank automatically replenishes liquid nitrogen. When the pressure is higher than the set interval, the controller controls the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank to be transported to the nitrogen storage tank;

c. After the fire is extinguished, the controller controls the liquid nitrogen storage tank to stop delivering liquid nitrogen, and when the detection device detects that no fire has occurred, the controller continues to open the intake components, exhaust components, exhaust shut-off valves, and intake shut-off valves. Return to the normal state, and the nitrogen formed after the liquid nitrogen is used is transported to the nitrogen storage tank through the filtering device and the cooling device.

Compared with the prior art, the fire prevention and control system and control method for a lithium-ion battery prefabricated cabin have the following advantages:

(1) Because the present invention is provided with an air intake and exhaust device, in a normal state, the air intake assembly is activated, and the nitrogen in the nitrogen storage tank is transferred to each battery energy storage cabinet through the air intake pipeline to cool the lithium-ion battery cluster. , absorb the heat generated by the operation of the lithium-ion battery cluster, and the exhaust component is activated, and the nitrogen in the battery energy storage cabinet is re-transported to the nitrogen storage tank through the exhaust pipeline, so the intake of the battery energy storage cabinet is realized through the nitrogen cycle. The gas and exhaust are carried out at the same time, so that the lithium-ion battery cluster inside can quickly cool down and dissipate heat, which is more efficient;

(2) In the present invention, due to the fire extinguishing device and the control assembly, when a fire occurs, the corresponding detection device monitors the fire signal and feeds it back to the controller. On the one hand, the controller controls the sound and light alarm to issue an alarm signal, and the intake and exhaust devices are closed On the other hand, the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank is transported to the liquid nitrogen injection device, and the liquid nitrogen is released into the corresponding battery energy storage cabinet. Therefore, the rapid heat absorption of liquid nitrogen is used to quickly extinguish the lithium-ion battery cluster. And the liquid nitrogen will not cause damage to the battery body after the fire is completed;

(3) In the present invention, because the output end of the nitrogen storage tank is connected with the input end of the nitrogen generator, and the output end of the liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected with the input end of the nitrogen storage tank, when the nitrogen pressure in the nitrogen storage tank is insufficient, the controller controls the liquid nitrogen The liquid nitrogen in the nitrogen storage tank is transported to the nitrogen storage tank, and the liquid nitrogen is converted into nitrogen for filling. When the nitrogen pressure in the nitrogen storage tank is too high, the controller controls the nitrogen generator to convert the nitrogen into liquid nitrogen and transport it to the liquid nitrogen. Nitrogen is replenished in the nitrogen storage tank or discharged directly, and the liquid nitrogen pressure in the liquid nitrogen storage tank can also be adjusted by the nitrogen in the nitrogen storage tank, so the mutual conversion and recycling of nitrogen and liquid nitrogen are realized, so that the lithium ion The cooling and heat dissipation of the battery cluster and the prevention and control of fire extinguishing cooperate with each other. The overall footprint is small, the efficiency is higher, and the resources are saved.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the principle structure diagram of the present invention;

In the picture: 11, battery prefabricated cabin body, 12, battery energy storage cabinet, 13, lithium ion battery cluster, 14, exhaust port, 15, air inlet, 16, liquid nitrogen injection device, 21, nitrogen storage tank, 22 , Nitrogen generator, 23, Liquid nitrogen storage tank, 24, Air intake assembly, 25, Exhaust assembly, 26, Filter device, 27, Cooling device, 31, Delivery pipeline, 32, Exhaust pipeline, 33, Control Line, 34, intake pipeline, 41, controller, 42, sound and light alarm, 43, exhaust shut-off valve, 44, intake shut-off valve, 45, detection device.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, the fire prevention and control system for a lithium-ion battery prefabricated cabin includes a battery assembly, a control assembly, an air intake and exhaust device, and a fire extinguishing device;

The battery assembly is arranged in the battery prefabricated cabin body 11, and includes a plurality of battery energy storage cabinets 12 arranged in rows. Each battery energy storage cabinet 12 is divided into a plurality of grids arranged up and down, and each grid is provided with an air inlet 15, an air outlet 14 and a liquid nitrogen injection device 16, in which a lithium-ion battery cluster 13 is arranged;

The air intake and exhaust device includes a nitrogen storage tank 21, an exhaust assembly 25 and an intake assembly 24. After the output end of the nitrogen storage tank 21 is connected to the intake assembly 24, it is connected to each intake through the intake pipeline 34. The ports 15 are connected, and each exhaust port 14 is connected to the exhaust assembly 25 and the input end of the nitrogen storage tank 21 after being communicated through the exhaust pipeline 32;

The fire extinguishing device includes a liquid nitrogen storage tank 23, the output end of the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 is connected with each liquid nitrogen injection device 16 through the conveying pipeline 31, and the input end is connected with the nitrogen generator 22;

The control assembly includes a controller 41 and a plurality of detection devices 45, the plurality of detection devices 45 are all connected to the controller 41, and each detection device 45 is correspondingly disposed in each grid for monitoring the corresponding battery energy storage cabinet 12. fire in the

The controller 41 is respectively connected with the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 and the liquid nitrogen injection device 16, and is used to transport the liquid nitrogen from the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 to the liquid nitrogen injection device 16 and spray to extinguish the fire; it is connected with the nitrogen storage tank 21 and the exhaust assembly. 25. The air intake assembly 24 is connected to transport nitrogen from the nitrogen storage tank 21 to the battery energy storage cabinet 12 for cooling and cooling, and then discharged to the nitrogen storage tank 21 for circulation;

Further, the output end of the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 is connected to the input end of the nitrogen storage tank 21, and there is a one-way valve therebetween. The liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 is provided with a first pressure gauge, and the one-way valve is connected to the A pressure gauge is connected to the controller 41. When the value of the first pressure gauge is not within the set value range, the controller 41 controls the opening and closing of the nitrogen generator 22 and the opening and closing of the one-way valve;

The first pressure gauge in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 monitors the pressure in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 in real time. When the pressure value is lower than the set interval, it means that the amount of liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 is less, and the controller 41 The nitrogen generator 22 is controlled to start, and the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 is automatically replenished with liquid nitrogen. When the pressure value is higher than the set interval, it means that the amount of liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 is large, and the controller 41 controls the one-way valve. Open, so that the liquid nitrogen enters the nitrogen storage tank 21;

Further, the nitrogen storage tank 21 is provided with a second pressure gauge and an exhaust valve that are both connected to the controller 41, and when the pressure value exceeds the set value, the controller 41 controls the exhaust valve to open;

The output end of the nitrogen storage tank 21 is connected with the input end of the nitrogen generator 22, and a valve is arranged therebetween, and the controller 41 controls the opening and closing of the valve;

The pressure in the nitrogen storage tank 21 is monitored in real time through the second pressure gauge. When the pressure value exceeds the set interval, the controller 41 controls the exhaust valve to open to discharge the excess nitrogen for pressure relief. When the pressure value is within the set interval When the pressure value is lower than the set interval, the controller 41 controls the one-way valve to open, so that the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 enters the nitrogen storage tank 21 to supplement nitrogen;

When the amount of liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 is small, the controller 41 controls the start-up of the nitrogen generator 22 to replenish liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23, and the controller 41 controls the valve to open, and the nitrogen generator 21 in the nitrogen storage tank 21 is opened. Nitrogen is delivered to the nitrogen generator 22, so the nitrogen generator 22 can directly generate nitrogen from the air through the compressor, or can directly receive nitrogen from the nitrogen storage tank 21 to liquefy it into liquid nitrogen, so the overall realization of nitrogen to liquid nitrogen is realized. Nitrogen, the mutual conversion of liquid nitrogen to nitrogen, realize recycling, and the efficiency is higher.

Further, a filter device 26 and a cooling device 27 are arranged between the exhaust assembly 25 and the input end of the nitrogen storage tank 21 in sequence;

The discharged nitrogen is filtered by the filtering device 26 to remove impurities therein, and the nitrogen is cooled by the cooling device 27, which is more convenient for the storage of the nitrogen storage tank 21;

Further, the control assembly also includes an acousto-optic alarm 42 connected to the controller 41, and the acousto-optic alarm 42 is used to issue alarm signals of sound and light;

When the high temperature of the lithium-ion battery cluster 13 is too high or an open fire occurs, the detection device 45 is activated to transmit the fire signal to the controller 41, and the controller 41 controls the sound and light alarm 42 to issue alarm signals such as sound and light to remind personnel to check or For fire extinguishing treatment, the sound and light alarm 42 is set in a position that is obvious and convenient for personnel to observe.

Further, the detection device 45 is a temperature sensor and a light sensor; the temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the battery energy storage cabinet 12, and the light sensor monitors the light and flame of the battery energy storage cabinet 12;

Further, each exhaust port 14 is provided with an exhaust shut-off valve 43, and each air inlet 15 is provided with an intake shut-off valve 44, and the controller 41 controls the exhaust shut-off valve 43 and the intake shut-off valve 44. opening and closing;

The exhaust port 14 is opened and closed by the exhaust shut-off valve 43, and the exhaust port 14 is opened and closed by the intake shut-off valve 44, and the intake and exhaust system is closed in real time according to the usage;

Further, the battery energy storage cabinet 12 adopts a lightweight fireproof partition structure, and is divided into a plurality of grids arranged up and down by using the fireproof partition structure, and the lithium ion battery clusters 13 are placed on the grids in the battery energy storage cabinet 12 . In the grid, the fire prevention and heat insulation treatment is effectively carried out to avoid the mutual influence between the grids in the event of a fire, which is safer and more reliable.

Further, the exhaust port 14 on each battery energy storage cabinet 12 is located above the corresponding air inlet 15;

When the fire prevention and control system and control method for a lithium-ion battery prefabricated cabin is in a normal state, the air intake assembly 24 is activated, and the nitrogen in the nitrogen storage tank 21 is transmitted to the grid of each battery energy storage cabinet 12 through the air intake pipeline 34 In the process, the lithium ion battery cluster 13 is cooled down to absorb the heat generated by the operation of the lithium ion battery cluster 13, and the excess nitrogen gas is re-transported from the exhaust pipe 32 to the nitrogen storage tank 21 through the gas outlet device, so the circulation is realized. Ensure the cooling of the lithium-ion battery cluster 13;

When the nitrogen pressure in the nitrogen storage tank 21 is insufficient, the controller 41 controls the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 to be transported into the nitrogen storage tank 21, and the liquid nitrogen is converted into nitrogen for filling, so that the pressure in the nitrogen storage tank 21 reaches In the setting interval, when the nitrogen pressure in the nitrogen storage tank 21 is too high, the nitrogen in the nitrogen storage tank 21 can be transferred to the nitrogen generator 22 first, and then the nitrogen can be converted into liquid nitrogen through the nitrogen generator 22 and transported to the liquid nitrogen. Nitrogen is replenished in the nitrogen storage tank 23. Since the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 is provided with a first pressure gauge, when the pressure monitored by the first pressure gauge also exceeds the set interval at the same time, the controller 41 controls the discharge on the nitrogen storage tank 21. The air valve is opened to release pressure, so the device realizes the mutual conversion of nitrogen to liquid nitrogen and liquid nitrogen to nitrogen, and the recycling is more efficient;

When a fire occurs in the lithium-ion battery cluster 13 in the grid of the battery energy storage cabinet 12, the corresponding detection device 45 monitors the fire signal. For example, the controller 41 receives the fire signal by means of temperature, light sensing, etc. The light alarm 42 sends out an alarm signal to remind personnel that there is a fire inside. On the other hand, the exhaust assembly 25 and the intake assembly 24 are controlled to close, the intake cut-off valve 44 at the intake port 15 and the exhaust at the exhaust port 14 are cut off. The valve 43 is closed, that is, the entire air intake and exhaust device is closed, and the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device is activated;

Under the control of the controller 41, the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 in the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device transports the liquid nitrogen to the liquid nitrogen injection device 16 of the corresponding grid through the conveying pipeline 31 and releases it, and the liquid nitrogen will permeate the lithium-ion battery cluster. 13, that is to achieve rapid fire extinguishing through the characteristics of liquid nitrogen low temperature absorption and other characteristics, and because the battery energy storage cabinet 12 and the grid are both light-weight fireproof baffle structures, the heat is effectively prevented from spreading to the adjacent lithium-ion battery clusters 13. Therefore, Achieve targeted rapid fire extinguishing of multi-lithium-ion battery clusters 13;

After the fire is extinguished, the controller 41 controls the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 to stop delivering liquid nitrogen. When the temperature drops to a certain level, that is, when the detection device 45 monitors that no fire has occurred, the controller 41 continues to open the air intake assembly 24 and the exhaust assembly. 25. The exhaust shut-off valve 43 and the intake shut-off valve 44 are opened to realize the startup of the intake and exhaust system; and the nitrogen formed after the liquid nitrogen is used is transported to the nitrogen storage tank 21 through the filter device 26 and the cooling device 27.

The first pressure gauge in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 monitors the pressure in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 in real time. When the pressure value is lower than the set interval, it means that the amount of liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 is less, and the controller 41 Control the start of the nitrogen generator 22 to automatically replenish liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23. When the pressure value is higher than the set interval, it means that the amount of liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 23 is large, and the controller 41 controls the one-way The valve opens, allowing liquid nitrogen to enter the nitrogen storage tank 21 .

Claims (9)

1. A fire prevention and control system for a lithium ion battery prefabricated cabin comprises a battery assembly, wherein the battery assembly is arranged in a battery prefabricated cabin body (11) and comprises a plurality of battery energy storage cabinets (12) arranged in rows, a plurality of grids arranged up and down are divided in each battery energy storage cabinet (12), and the fire prevention and control system is characterized in that,

the fire extinguishing device also comprises a control assembly, an air inlet and exhaust device and a fire extinguishing device; each grid is provided with an air inlet (15), an air outlet (14) and a liquid nitrogen injection device (16), and a lithium ion battery cluster (13) is arranged in each grid;

the air inlet and exhaust device comprises a nitrogen storage tank (21), an exhaust assembly (25) and an air inlet assembly (24), the output end of the nitrogen storage tank (21) is connected with the air inlet assembly (24) and then communicated with each air inlet (15) through an air inlet pipeline (34), and each exhaust port (14) is connected with the exhaust assembly (25) and the input end of the nitrogen storage tank (21) through an exhaust pipeline (32);

the fire extinguishing device comprises liquid nitrogen storage tanks (23), the output ends of the liquid nitrogen storage tanks (23) are connected with each liquid nitrogen injection device (16) through conveying pipelines (31), and the input ends of the liquid nitrogen injection devices are connected with a nitrogen generator (22);

the control assembly comprises a controller (41) and a plurality of detection devices (45), the detection devices (45) are all connected with the controller (41), and each detection device (45) is correspondingly arranged in each grid and used for monitoring the fire condition in the corresponding battery energy storage cabinet (12);

the controller (41) is connected with the liquid nitrogen storage tank (23) and the liquid nitrogen injection device (16) and used for conveying liquid nitrogen from the liquid nitrogen storage tank (23) into the liquid nitrogen injection device (16) and injecting the liquid nitrogen for fire extinguishing, is connected with the nitrogen storage tank (21), the exhaust assembly (25) and the air inlet assembly (24) and used for conveying nitrogen from the nitrogen storage tank (21) into the battery energy storage cabinet (12) to be cooled and cooled, and then is discharged into the nitrogen storage tank (21) to be circulated.

2. The fire prevention and control system for the lithium ion battery prefabricated cabin is characterized in that the output end of the liquid nitrogen storage tank (23) is connected with the input end of the nitrogen storage tank (21), a one-way valve is arranged between the output end of the liquid nitrogen storage tank and the input end of the nitrogen storage tank, a first pressure gauge is arranged on the liquid nitrogen storage tank (23), the one-way valve and the first pressure gauge are both connected with the controller (41), and when the value of the first pressure gauge is not within a set value range, the controller (41) controls the nitrogen generator (22) to be opened and closed and the one-way valve to be opened and closed.

3. The fire prevention and control system for the lithium ion battery prefabricated cabin is characterized in that a second pressure gauge and an exhaust valve which are connected with a controller (41) are arranged on the nitrogen storage tank (21), and when the pressure value exceeds a set value, the controller (41) controls the exhaust valve to be opened;

the output end of the nitrogen storage tank (21) is connected with the input end of the nitrogen generator (22), a valve is arranged between the output end of the nitrogen storage tank and the input end of the nitrogen generator, and the controller (41) controls the valve to be opened and closed.

4. The fire prevention and control system for the lithium ion battery prefabricated cabin is characterized in that an exhaust stop valve (43) is arranged at each exhaust port (14), an intake stop valve (44) is arranged at each intake port (15), and the controller (41) controls the opening and closing of the exhaust stop valve (43) and the intake stop valve (44).

5. The fire prevention and control system for the lithium ion battery prefabricated cabin is characterized in that a filtering device (26) and a cooling device (27) are sequentially arranged between the exhaust assembly (25) and the nitrogen storage tank (21).

6. The fire prevention and control system for the lithium ion battery prefabricated cabin is characterized in that the control assembly further comprises an audible and visual alarm (42) connected with the controller (41), and the audible and visual alarm (42) is used for emitting an audible and visual alarm signal.

7. The fire prevention and control system for the prefabricated lithium ion battery compartment as claimed in claim 5, wherein the detection device (45) is a temperature sensor and a light sensor, and the air outlet (14) on each grid is positioned above the corresponding air inlet (15).

8. The fire prevention and control system for the lithium ion battery prefabricated cabin is characterized in that the battery energy storage cabinet (12) and the divided grids are of a light fireproof partition plate structure.

9. A fire prevention and control method for a lithium ion battery prefabricated cabin is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a. in a normal state, the air inlet assembly (24) is started, nitrogen in the nitrogen storage tank (21) is transmitted to grids of each battery energy storage cabinet (12) through the air inlet pipeline (34), the lithium ion battery cluster (13) is cooled, and heat generated by the operation of the lithium ion battery cluster (13) is absorbed; the exhaust assembly (25) is started, and nitrogen in the battery energy storage cabinet (12) is conveyed to the nitrogen storage tank (21) again through the exhaust pipeline (32);

when the pressure of nitrogen in the nitrogen storage tank (21) is insufficient, the controller (41) controls liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank (23) to be conveyed into the nitrogen storage tank (21), the liquid nitrogen is converted into nitrogen to be filled, so that the pressure in the nitrogen storage tank (21) reaches a set interval, when the pressure of the nitrogen in the nitrogen storage tank (21) is too high, the nitrogen in the nitrogen storage tank (21) is converted into liquid nitrogen through the nitrogen generator (22) and conveyed into the liquid nitrogen storage tank (23) to be supplemented with the liquid nitrogen, or the nitrogen in the nitrogen storage tank (21) is directly discharged;

b. when a lithium ion battery cluster (13) in the battery energy storage cabinet (12) is in a fire, a corresponding detection device (45) monitors a fire signal and feeds the fire signal back to the controller (41), the controller (41) controls the audible and visual alarm (42) to send out an alarm signal on one hand, the exhaust assembly (25), the air inlet assembly (24), the air inlet stop valve (44) and the exhaust stop valve (43) are closed, on the other hand, liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank (23) is conveyed to the liquid nitrogen injection device (16) through the conveying pipeline (31), and the liquid nitrogen injection device (16) releases the liquid nitrogen into the corresponding battery energy storage cabinet (12) to rapidly extinguish the fire of the lithium ion battery cluster (13);

when the pressure of liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank (23) is insufficient, the controller (41) controls the nitrogen generator (22) to be started, the nitrogen generator (22) directly generates nitrogen from air through a compressor, or receives the nitrogen from the nitrogen storage tank (21) to liquefy the nitrogen into the liquid nitrogen, the liquid nitrogen is automatically supplemented to the liquid nitrogen storage tank (23), and when the pressure is higher than a set interval, the controller (41) controls the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank (23) to be conveyed into the nitrogen storage tank (21);

c. after the fire is extinguished, the controller (41) controls the liquid nitrogen storage tank (23) to stop conveying liquid nitrogen, when the detection device (45) monitors that a fire disaster does not occur, the controller (41) continues to open the air inlet assembly (24), the air outlet assembly (25), the air outlet stop valve (43) and the air inlet stop valve (44) to recover to a normal state, and nitrogen formed after the liquid nitrogen is acted is conveyed into the nitrogen storage tank (21) through the filtering device (26) and the cooling device (27).

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