CN111803503A - 吡咯喹啉醌在制备抗疲劳及缓解氧化应激损伤的产品中的应用 - Google Patents
吡咯喹啉醌在制备抗疲劳及缓解氧化应激损伤的产品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及吡咯喹啉醌在制备抗疲劳及缓解氧化应激损伤的产品中的应用。经实验表明吡咯喹啉醌具有明显的抗疲劳、延长运动时间的作用,并不同程度地下调了氧化应激,减少了氧化应激引起的组织损伤,减轻了氧化应激引起的炎症反应,维持了机体的正常代谢;在长时间收缩肌管模型中,吡咯喹啉醌维持了正常的线粒体形态,稳定了线粒体功能,抑制了活性氧自由基(ROS,reactive oxygen species)的产生,进而减小了氧化应激引起的损伤,延缓了疲劳的发生,其效果非常优秀。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药学领域,具体涉及吡咯喹啉醌在制备抗疲劳及缓解氧化应激损伤的产品中的应用。
背景技术
随着竞争的日益激烈,疲劳已成为危害人类身心健康的主要因素之一。疲劳如果得不到及时消除,将逐渐积累,导致情绪变差,进而加重疲劳感,久而久之便会形成慢性疲劳综合症,极大影响普通人的工作效率、运动员的运动能力和军队的战斗力。近年来,“过劳死”的现象层出不穷,并日趋年轻化,引起了全社会的广泛关注。因此,如何依据疲劳的氧化应激、线粒体损伤等发生机制,科学、有效地缓解氧化应激引起的损伤,推迟疲劳的出现,促进疲劳的消除,一直以来都是航天医学、军事医学及运动医学等领域的研究热点。
西药抗疲劳具有作用明显、起效快等优点,但往往会伴随一些不良影响和副作用。而营养干预疲劳,以其安全可靠、简便易行受到众多研究者的青睐。然而有些营养添加剂,如木黄酮、白藜芦醇等不溶于水,极大影响了其吸收率;而且,木黄酮等很有可能会因为活化雌激素受体,而产生一定的副作用。因此,探索新型的、易吸收的抗疲劳营养因子,开发安全、高效的抗疲劳功能食品,对促进大众身心健康具有重要意义。
吡咯喹啉醌是动物繁殖、生长、发育必需的营养因子,同时也被认为是具有最强催化氧化还原反应能力的生物活性物质,在自然界分布广泛,食物来源丰富。吡咯喹啉醌具有独特的理化性质,其在清除自由基、抗氧化、抑制炎症反应、调节线粒体功能及能量代谢、营养和促进生长等多方面的效应,及其在防治心脏病、肝病、神经系统疾病、骨质疏松和癌症等多系统多器官相关疾病的功效,使其在医学、食品以及农业等方面具有良好的应用前景和广阔的市场前景。
但吡咯喹啉醌在在延缓疲劳及缓解氧化应激损伤方面的应用国内外尚未见到相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供吡咯喹啉醌的医药新用途。
本发明所提供的吡咯喹啉醌的医药新用途,为,吡咯喹啉醌在制备具有如下1)-4)中任一项所述的功能的产品中的应用:
1)增强哺乳动物抗疲劳能力;
2)减少氧化应激引起的损伤。
所述应用中,所述产品可为保健食品、功能饮料或药品。
所述疲劳具体可为运动疲劳。
本发明还提供一种抗疲劳保健食品,所述抗疲劳保健食品含有吡咯喹啉醌。
本发明还提供一种抗疲劳功能饮料,所述抗疲劳功能饮料含有吡咯喹啉醌。
本发明还提供一种抗疲劳药品,所述抗疲劳药品含有吡咯喹啉醌。
在所述抗疲劳保健食品、抗疲劳功能饮料或抗疲劳药品的使用中,吡咯喹啉醌的建议剂量为5.0mg/kg·d至20mg/kg·d,具体可为10mg/kg·d。
本发明的第一选例,吡咯喹啉醌用于提高哺乳动物抗疲劳及运动的能力,能够延长哺乳动物61%的运动时间。
本发明的另一选例,吡咯喹啉醌用于减少氧化应激引起的组织损伤,维持组织的正常形态,抑制组织损伤引起的血清CK、LDH及cTnI等关键酶活性的升高,血清CK和LDH及cTnI的活力水平分别下降32.64%(p<0.05)、11.60%(p<0.05)和21.64%(p<0.05),从而增强抗疲劳能力。
本发明的另一选例,吡咯喹啉醌增加组织中主要抗氧化酶SOD和GSH-PX活性,抑制哺乳动物血清、组织中的脂质过氧化物MDA的产生,发挥强大的抗氧化作用。其中,抗氧化酶SOD和GSH-PX活性分别增加2.79倍和1.64倍,脂质过氧化物MDA则降低了88%。
本发明的另一选例,吡咯喹啉醌用于下调相关炎症反应,显著抑制组织中氧化应激的敏感通路NF-κB的过表达和活化(p<0.01),减少TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、CXCL-10等炎症介质的表达和释放((p<0.01),发挥抗炎保护作用,进一步降低氧化应激引起的组织损伤。
本发明的另一选例,吡咯喹啉醌用于维持正常的血清代谢水平,从而发挥抗疲劳及减轻氧化应激损伤的作用。其中,运动疲劳使血清代谢组发生了异常变化;而补充吡咯喹啉醌后,能够使其趋向正常,特别是木糖醇、柠檬酸、L-脯氨酸、N-乙酰-L-苯丙氨酸等代谢标志物,具有不同程度的回调,其血清浓度分别是过度运动组(没有补充吡咯喹啉醌)的321373.57,0.64,0.47,4.48*10-6倍。
本发明的另一选例,吡咯喹啉醌用于稳定线粒体正常形态和功能,调节线粒体复合物的活性,抑制了ROS的大量积累,保证了机体的正常代谢和能量供应,进而延缓疲劳及缓解氧化应激损伤。其中,线粒体膜电位增高了23.95%,基础呼吸和最大呼吸功能明显提高,ATP的合成增加1.05倍,线粒体复合物的活性显著提高,ROS生成显著减少(p<0.01)。
本发明的选例中,对于哺乳动物,建议剂量为5.0mg/kg·d至20mg/kg·d,优选剂量范围是10mg/kg·d。
本发明的发明人紧密追踪疲劳发生机制研究新进展的基础上,发现了吡咯喹啉醌能够显著抑制疲劳的发生发展,从而用于制备针对延缓疲劳及缓解氧化应激损伤的高效产品。
附图说明
图1为PQQ对小鼠力竭时间的影响;其中E:反复力竭游泳组;LE、ME和HE:反复力竭游泳+5、10和20mg/kg PQQ干预组;*p<0.05,与E组相比;
图2表明PQQ能够减轻力竭小鼠的组织损伤;A-C:PQQ对小鼠血清CK、LDH活力水平cTnI含量的影响;D:肝组织HE染色;NC:正常无干预组;E:力竭游泳组;LE、ME和HE:力竭游泳+5、10和20mg/kg PQQ干预组;##p<0.01,与NC组相比;*p<0.05,**p<0.01,与E组相比;
图3为PQQ对力竭小鼠氧化应激指标的影响;A:PQQ对小鼠血清MDA含量的影响;B-C:PQQ对小鼠心肌GSH-Px和SOD活力的影响;D-G:PQQ对小鼠肝组织GSH-Px和SOD活力及MDA的影响;NC:正常无干预组;E:力竭游泳组;LE、ME和HE:力竭游泳+5、10和20mg/kg PQQ干预组;##p<0.01,与NC组相比;*p<0.05,**p<0.01,与E组相比;
图4为PQQ对NF-κB介导的炎症反应的影响;A-B:PQQ对小鼠血清TNF-α和IL-1β水平的影响;C-D:PQQ对肝组织NF-κB(p65)和p-NF-κB(p65)表达的影响;F-I:PQQ对小鼠肝组织细胞因子mRNA水平的影响;NC:正常无干预组;E:力竭游泳组;LE、ME和HE:力竭游泳+5、10和20mg/kg PQQ干预组;##p<0.01,与NC组相比;*p<0.05,**p<0.01,与E组相比;
图5为PQQ对小鼠血清代谢组学的影响;A:PCA得分散点图;B-C:OPLS-DA得分散点图;D-F:层次聚类分析热力图;NC:正常无干预组;E:力竭游泳组;E+PQQ:力竭游泳+10mg/kgPQQ干预组;
图6为PQQ改善长时间收缩肌管的线粒体形态与功能;A:PQQ对长时间收缩肌管线粒体形态的影响;B:PQQ对长时间收缩肌管线粒体膜电位的影响;C:PQQ对长时间收缩肌管线粒体呼吸功能的影响;D:PQQ对长时间收缩肌管ATP合成的影响;F-G:PQQ对长时间收缩肌管ROS生成的影响;NC:正常对照;E:电刺激;E+PQQ:电刺激+PQQ干预;FITC:绿色荧光;PE:藻红色荧光;##p<0.01,与NC组相比;**p<0.01,与E组相比。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行说明,但本发明并不局限于此。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;下述实施例中所用的试剂、生物材料等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
下述实施例中的定量试验,均设置三次重复实验,结果取平均值。
下述实施例中力竭实验的判断标准主要参考文献:Thomas D.P.,MarshallK.I.Effects of repeated exhaustive exercise on myocardial subcellularmembrane structures[J].Int J Sports Med,1988,9(4):257-60.。
下面实施例中所使用的实验小鼠为SPF级昆明小鼠,雄性,7周龄,购于上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司,动物许可证号:SCXK(沪)2012-0002;合格证编号:2015000528350。按国家级标准分笼饲养,每笼5只,相对湿度45-55%,室温22±2℃,自由进食饮水,每天12h光照,动物使用许可证号:SYXK(闽)2015-0004。
下面通过实施例进一步说明吡咯喹啉醌抗疲劳及缓解氧化应激损伤的作用效果。
实施例1、从小鼠的力竭时间发现,吡咯喹啉醌具有显著的抗疲劳功能
试验方法如下:
1. 45只小鼠适应性喂养1周;
2.实验干预前,进行为期三天,每天20min的适应性游泳,淘汰不适应游泳的小鼠;
3.剩余40只小鼠按体重随机分为五组,每组8只,分别为:正常对照组(NC组)、力竭运动组(E组)、吡咯喹啉醌(pyrroloquinoline quinone,PQQ)干预组(LE组、ME和HE组)。
4.PQQ及力竭干预:LE、ME和HE组每天上午灌胃PQQ的剂量分别为5、10和20mg/kg,NC和E组则灌胃等体积的生理盐水;NC组不进行运动干预,其余四组小鼠每天下午,尾部负自身体重3%的铅皮,在高60cm、直径55cm、水深40cm、水温(32±2)℃的塑料圆桶内进行力竭游泳运动(每次时间应不少于2h);期间认真观察动物身体状况,发现动作极度异常时,立即捞出水面,吹干皮毛,防止溺水或者生病;补剂和运动干预持续进行了2周,6天/周,中间休息1天,记录最后一天的力竭时间。
5.力竭判断的标准为:小鼠连续三次头部下沉持续超过10s不能露出水面,捞出后无力支撑躯体,无法完成翻正反射。使用IBM SPSS Statistics 22进行数据统计,单因素方差分析组间差异;计算结果以“均数±标准差”表示;P<0.05,具有统计学意义。
试验结果如下:
力竭时间显著延长,表明吡咯喹啉醌具有显著的抗疲劳功能
补剂和力竭运动持续干预2周后,通过检测最后一天游泳的力竭时间(the timeto exhaustion,TTE),评价小鼠的运动能力及PQQ的抗疲劳作用。结果如图1所示,E组、LE组、ME组和HE组最后一天的TTE分别为:89.43±34.16min、142.25±45.77min、144.00±47.09min及136.71±64.09min。与日常没有补充PQQ的力竭游泳E组相比,每天分别补充5、10和20mg/kg PQQ的LE、ME和HE组小鼠,TTE明显较长,特别是每天补充10mg/kg PQQ的ME组小鼠,TTE大约延长了61%,表明PQQ延缓了疲劳的发生,促进了运动能力的提高,其效果非常优秀;同时也说明,当灌胃剂量为5.0mg/kg·d至20mg/kg·d时,优选剂量为10mg/kg·d。
实施例2、从血清生化指标和组织病理切片,发现PQQ能够显著减轻力竭小鼠组织的氧化应激损伤
试验方法如下:
1.实验动物分组和干预情况同实施例1,小鼠最后一次力竭,即刻麻醉,眼眶取血,室温静置20min,3000r/min,4℃离心20min,取上清液,分装,-80℃保存,用于测定CK、LDH及cTnI活性。
2.CK活性的测定:采用血清健康盘片(微纳芯科技有限公司),用全自动生化测试仪检测,按仪器使用说明操作。
3.LDH活性试剂盒购于南京建成,测定严格按照试剂盒的说明操作。
4.cTnI活性的测定:用酶联免疫法(ELISA),测试严格按照试剂盒(南京建成)的说明操作。
5.肝脏组织病理学观察通过常规石蜡切片(LEICA RM2235,德国)和HE(hematoxylin-erosin)染色进行。
6.数据统计同实施例1。
试验结果如下:
PQQ减轻力竭小鼠的组织损伤
当细胞膜结构受损,通透性增加,CK、LDH等酶会释放到血中,因此,运动实践中,常用血清CK、LDH等酶的活性来反映组织的程度损伤和恢复情况。由图2A-B可知,与正常无力竭游泳干预的NC组相比,力竭游泳的E组血清生化指标CK和LDH活力水平皆显著上升,分别上升至1884.43U/L(p<0.05)和5241.96U/L(p<0.05);而与E组相比,每天补充PQQ营养素的各组小鼠,血清CK和LDH活力水平则均显著降低(p<0.05);特别是每天补充10mg/kg PQQ的ME组,与E组相比,血清CK和LDH活力活力水平分别下降了32.64%(p<0.05)和11.60%(p<0.05)。
血清cTnI在临床上是判断心肌损伤程度的重要指标。本研究中,ELISA检测结果(图2C)显示,与正常无力竭运动干预的NC组相比,E组血清cTnI含量明显升高(p<0.05);而相对于日常没有喂养PQQ的E组,LE组、ME组和HE组在补充了PQQ后,可以明显抑制力竭运动引起的血清cTnI含量的增加;特别是LE组和ME组,相对于E组,血清cTnI含量分别降低了19.15%和21.64%(p<0.05)。
此外,肝组织HE染色的结果(图2D)显示,NC对照组小鼠肝小叶结构正常,肝索清晰可见,肝细胞完好,核大,呈圆形;而力竭运动E组,肝小叶轮廓改变,肝窦变窄或者消失,肝细胞肿胀明显,呈空泡状,胞浆疏松不均,核皱缩,呈病理性变化;而补充PQQ营养素的LE、ME和HE组,肝组织形态较E组则明显改善,其中,每天补充10mg/kg剂量PQQ的ME组效果最显著,其肝组织形态接近于正常NC组。
实施例3、从血清和组织中的氧化应激指标,发现PQQ能够显著提高力竭小鼠的抗氧化应激能力,降低氧化应激损伤
试验方法如下:
1.实验动物分组和干预情况同实施例1,麻醉取材同实施例2。
2.血清和组织中的MDA、SOD、GSH-PX等生化指标的测定试剂盒购于南京建成,操作严格按照试剂盒的说明。
3.数据统计同实施例1。
试验结果如下:
PQQ对力竭小鼠氧化应激指标的影响
为了进一步验证PQQ在运动性疲劳的抗氧化作用,检测了心肌、肝组织GSH-Px、SOD活力及MDA水平。结果如图3所示,与NC组相比,E组在两周的力竭运动干预后,心肌和肝组织的GSH-Px及SOD活力均显著下降,与之相对应,MDA含量显著上升;而与E组相比,补充PQQ营养素的各组小鼠心肌和肝组织的GSH-Px及SOD活力则显著上升,MDA含量显著下降;特别是在ME组中,心肌的GSH-Px及SOD活力分别是E组的1.88倍和1.64倍(p<0.01),肝组织的GSH-Px及SOD活力分别是E组的2.79倍和1.55倍(p<0.01),肝组织MDA则降为E组的12%(p<0.01)。
实施例4、从NF-κB介导的炎症反应中发现,PQQ能够显著减轻NF-κB介导的炎症反应,降低力竭小鼠的氧化应激损伤
试验方法如下:
1.实验动物分组和干预情况同实施例1,麻醉取材同实施例1。
2.用ELISA和Real-time PCR检测血清和组织中炎症因子的表达情况,测试严格按照试剂盒的说明操作,用到的引物有β-actin–F:CCAGAGCTGAACGGGAAGCTCAC;β-actin–R:CCATGTAGGCCATGAGGTCCACC;IL-6-F:TAGTCCTTCCTACCCCAATTTCC;IL-6-R:CCTCTCGGCAGTGGATAAAG;IL-1β-F:AGGACAGGATGAACTTTGAC;IL-1β-R:TGATAGACATTAGCCAGGAG;CXCL10-F:GTGGCATTCAAGGAGTACCTC;CXCL10-R:TGATGGCCTTCGATTCTGGATT。
3.NF-κB、p-NF-κB的蛋白表达检测按常规Western blotting进行。
4.数据统计同实施例1。
试验结果如下:
PQQ对NF-κB介导的炎症反应的影响
NF-κB介导的炎症反应在病理生理学的异常改变中发挥着重要作用,而TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6及CXCL-10等炎症介质的高表达和释放在高强度运动诱发的损伤中起着关键作用。我们的Western blot结果显示,力竭运动使E组肝组织中NF-κB(p65)蛋白表达及活化程度均明显高于NC组;而补充PQQ后,LE组、ME组和HE组,特别是ME组,肝组织中NF-κB(p65)蛋白表达及磷酸化程度则显著低于没有喂养PQQ的E组(图4C-D)。ELISA数据显示,两周反复力竭干预后,小鼠血清促炎因子IL-1β和TNF-α水平均明显上升(图4A-B);与之相一致,肝组织中的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6及CXCL-10等细胞因子的转录水平,在大强度运动后也明显上调。而PQQ干预后,炎性因子在血清中的释放,及肝组织的表达均显著降低(图4F-I),表明PQQ能够抑制NF-κB的过表达和活化,下调相关炎症反应,发挥抗炎保护作用,从而减轻大强度剧烈运动对机体产生的损伤。
实施例5、从血清代谢组学发现,PQQ能够调节力竭小鼠的代谢通路,维持正常的血清代谢水平,发挥抗疲劳及减轻氧化应激损伤的作用
1.实验动物分组和干预情况同实施例1,麻醉取材同实施例1,在NC组、E组和ME组中,每组各随机选取6只小鼠的血清样本,用于代谢组学分析。
2.代谢物萃取:(1)从每个血清样本中各取出15μL,用于混合制成质控(qualitycontrol,QC)样本。然后每个样本(包括QC样本)各取100μL放于2mL EP管,接着加入0.35mL甲醇提取液,再加入L-2-氯苯丙氨酸20μL,涡旋30s;(2)13000rpm,4℃,离心15min;(3)离心后,小心取出0.4mL上清放于2mL甲烷硅基化的进样瓶中。
3.代谢物衍生化:(1)将提取物放于真空浓缩器中干燥;(2)用吡啶溶解甲氧胺盐酸盐,配制成20mg/mL的甲氧胺盐试剂,然后从中取出60μL,加入干燥后的代谢物,小心混匀,放入80℃烘箱中,孵育30min;(3)每个样品中加入80μL含有1%TMCS,v/v的BSTFA,然后将混合物放于烘箱,70℃孵育1.5h;(4)孵育后,将混合的样本放置室温冷却,再加入10μL饱和脂肪酸甲酯标准混合液FAMEs(溶于氯仿C18-C24:0.5mg/mL;C8-C16:1mg/mL)。(5)上机检测。
4.仪器参数:使用Agilent 7890的气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC-TOFMS)仪进行样品检测,该仪器配有30m×250μm×0.25μm的Agilent DB-5MS毛细管柱(J&W Scientific,Folsom,CA,USA)。
5.原始数据预处理:原始数据包含了6个QC和30个实验样本,从测试结果中提取了629个峰。为了更好地分析代谢组学数据,首先使用LECO公司的LECO-fiehn rtx5数据库和Chroma TOF 4.3软件包,对原始数据进行了一系列的整理。
6.主成分分析:主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)属于常用的无监督的多元变量模式识别分析方法,利用降维思想,使得多个数值变量成为一组局维变量,而一个局维变量即为一个主成分(principal component,PC)[162]。其中,数据中最大的变化量用第一主成分(PC1)反映,数据中第二大的变化量用第二个主成分(PC2)反映。本研究在PCA分析中,采用SIMCA V14.1软件(MKS Data Analytics Solutions,Umea,Sweden),对整理好的数据进行对数转换加中心化格式化处理,进行自动建模分析。
7.正交偏最小二乘法判别分析:通过正交偏最小二乘法判别分析方法(Orthogonal Partial Least Square-Discriminate Analysis,OPLS-DA)可以过滤掉与分类不相关的正交变量,并分别分析正交和非正交变量,从而获取更加可靠有效的组间差异及相关程度信息。
8.差异代谢物的筛选:本研究使用的差异代谢物筛选标准为:OPLS-DA分析模型中,PC1变量投影重要度的值(Variable Importance in the Projection,VIP)大于1,与此同时,学生t检验的p值小于0.05。此外,对两组代谢物的定量比值FOLD CHANGE也进行关注。
9.差异代谢物的层次聚类分析:两组对比时,将差异代谢物的定量值进行欧式距离矩阵(Euclidean distance matrix)计算,采用完全连锁方法,聚类差异代谢物,以热力图形式进行结果展示。
试验结果如下:
PQQ调节力竭小鼠的血清代谢组学
通过组间两两比较发现,两周反复力竭干预后,小鼠血清代谢组发生了异常变化;而补充PQQ后,与正常对照组比较接近(图5A-C),表明PQQ干预具有维持运动性疲劳机体内环境稳态的作用。反复力竭运动E组和正常对照NC组之间的差异代谢物较多,有柠檬酸、脯氨酸、延胡索酸、赖氨酸、苹果酸、丁二酸、2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖、N-乙酰-L-苯丙氨酸、来苏糖、木糖醇、丙二酸、甘油二酯、尿素等等,涉及到糖类、氨基酸、核酸、脂肪等诸多物质的代谢。E+PQQ组与E组之间贡献较大的差异代谢物主要有柠檬酸、脯氨酸、苏糖酸、6-磷酸葡萄糖酸、N-乙酰-L-苯丙氨酸、木糖醇等10种。不难发现,柠檬酸、L-脯氨酸、木糖醇及N-乙酰-L-苯丙氨酸为组间共有的4种差异化合物。而且,运动性疲劳模型中,柠檬酸、L-脯氨酸及N-乙酰-L-苯丙氨酸等的血清水平升高,木糖醇下降;PQQ的干预具有不同程度的回调作用(图5D-F)。表明PQQ主要通过调节柠檬酸、L-脯氨酸、木糖醇及N-乙酰-L-苯丙氨酸等4种代谢标志物及其所在代谢通路,发挥抗运动性疲劳作用。
实施例6、从长时间收缩肌管的线粒体形态与功能变化中发现,PQQ通过调节线粒体复合物的活性,稳定了线粒体功能,抑制了ROS的生成,进而减小氧化应激损伤,延缓疲劳
试验方法如下:
1.C2C12细胞(小鼠骨骼肌肌母细胞系)购自美国ATCC细胞库(编号:No:CRL-1772)。C2C12细胞在培养过程中可以进行分化,待细胞长满皿底后,换成含2%马血清的培养基,进行分化;分化6天后形成具有收缩能力的骨骼肌肌管。
2.电刺激方式:使用Master-8电刺激器,对分化6天的肌管进行电刺激,使之持续收缩,刺激强度为45V、20ms、5Hz。正常对照组NC组不进行电刺激,实验组分为单纯电刺激组(E组)和PQQ预孵育+电刺激组(E+PQQ组)。
3.ROS含量的检测:使用ROS检测试剂盒(碧云天)进行检测,严格按照操作说明装载探针,然后用荧光显微镜直接观察后,收集细胞,用流式细胞仪或荧光酶标仪检测。激发波长和发射波长分别为488nm和525nm
5.线粒体膜电位的检测:采用JC-1线粒体膜电位荧光探针(碧云天)进行检测,严格按照操作说明装载探针,采用流式细胞仪分析。绿色荧光表明线粒体膜电位下降,该细胞可能处于凋亡早期。红色荧光表明膜电位较正常,细胞状态也较正常。
6.线粒体呼吸功能的测定:使用线粒体功能测定仪(OROBOROS Oxygraph-2k,奥地利),严格按照仪器操作说明进行。①加入106细胞,测定其基础呼吸值;②待平衡后,加入ATP合成酶(线粒体复合物V)的抑制剂寡霉素,降低细胞耗氧率(oxygen consumptionrate,OCR);③待平衡后,加入呼吸链解偶联剂FCCP,作用于线粒体内膜,使线粒体内外膜间的质子势能去除,OCR增加,呼吸达到最大的呼吸值,能量均以热能形式释放,不产生ATP,而产生大量热量;④加入线粒体复合物I抑制剂——鱼藤酮,呼吸被抑制,此时的OCR值为非线粒体呼吸的OCR。
7.ATP含量的测定:使用ATP检测试剂盒(碧云天)进行检测,严格按照操作说明进行。①取100μlATP检测工作液,加入到检测孔,室温放置5min,消耗掉全部本底性的ATP,降低本底;②加入20μl标准品或样品,用微量移液器迅速混匀,间隔至少2秒后,采用化学发光仪测定ATP浓度。
8.统计与分析:同实施例1.
试验结果如下:
PQQ改善长时间收缩肌管的线粒体形态与功能
用45V,20ms,5Hz的强度电刺激肌管细胞,可以模拟在体神经电活动,诱导肌细胞收缩,从而在细胞水平上重现“运动训练”模型,为在体研究提供辅助平台,为探究运动性疲劳机制、探索高效的抗运动性疲劳因子提供全面、有效的研究途径。
由图6A可知,正常对照NC组,肌管线粒体呈线状或丝状,且分布均匀,大部分连接形成网络状;而当肌管长时间收缩时,线粒体发生凝集,形态显著改变,呈现不规则的片段化(大小不一的点状或小环状);PQQ的干预则明显抑制了线粒体形态异常现象的发生。
图6B显示,在E组中,绿色荧光相对比列为36.14%,说明长时间收缩使线粒体ΔΨm较低;而经PQQ预孵育的肌管,跟E组相比,在同样的刺激条件下,绿色荧光降低,红色荧光增强,红色荧光相对比列增高了23.95%,表明PQQ干预能够抑制长时间收缩肌管线粒体ΔΨm的下降。
由测试结果(图6C)可知,肌管长时间收缩后,线粒体呼吸功能出现了异常,基础呼吸和最大呼吸均明显减弱,而PQQ干预能够提高基础呼吸和最大呼吸功能,在一定程度上阻止了这种呼吸功能异常现象的发生。
此外,合成ATP,为提供机体所需能量,是线粒体的重要功能之一。由图6D可知,E组肌管在长时间收缩后,ATP水平较正常对照组显著降低(p<0.01),表明肌管线粒体功能受损;而经PQQ预孵育的肌管,ATP合成则显著上调(p<0.01),进一步表明PQQ能够增强长时间收缩肌管的线粒体功能。
在ATP合成的过程中,线粒体也会产生大量ROS,当过多的ROS诱发氧化应激时,ROS又会反过来攻击线粒体,降低线粒体正常功能,造成各种损伤,形成恶性循环。从图6F-G中可知,长时间收缩后,肌管ROS的生成显著增多(p<0.01);而PQQ可以明显抑制由此引起的ROS的大量积累(p<0.01)。
综上所述,吡咯喹啉醌稳定了线粒体功能,增加了ATP的合成,维持了机体的正常代谢和能量供应;与此同时,吡咯喹啉醌抑制了ROS的生成,下调了ROS介导的氧化应激,减轻了ROS敏感通路NF-κB参与的炎症反应,减少了疲劳引起的组织损伤,进而延缓了疲劳的发生,促进了运动能力的提高,延长了其运动时间,其效果非常优秀。
Claims (8)
1.吡咯喹啉醌在制备具有如下1)-4)中任一项所述的功能的产品中的应用:
1)增强哺乳动物抗疲劳能力;
2)减少氧化应激引起的损伤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述应用中,所述产品为保健食品、功能饮料或药品。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于:所述疲劳为运动疲劳。
4.一种抗疲劳保健食品,含有吡咯喹啉醌。
5.一种抗疲劳功能饮料,含有吡咯喹啉醌。
6.一种抗疲劳药品,含有吡咯喹啉醌。
7.根据权利要求4所述的抗疲劳保健食品、权利要求5所述的抗疲劳功能饮料、权利要求6所述的抗疲劳药品,其特征在于:在所述抗疲劳保健食品、抗疲劳功能饮料或抗疲劳药品的使用中,吡咯喹啉醌的建议剂量为5.0mg/kg·d至20mg/kg·d。
8.根据权利要求4所述的抗疲劳保健食品、权利要求5所述的抗疲劳功能饮料、权利要求6所述的抗疲劳药品,其特征在于:在所述抗疲劳保健食品、抗疲劳功能饮料或抗疲劳药品的使用中,吡咯喹啉醌的建议剂量为10mg/kg·d。
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| CN112617194A (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-09 | 杭州医学院 | 一种提高人体体能及耐力的保健品 |
| CN115918904A (zh) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-04-07 | 青岛康迈臣生物科技有限责任公司 | 一种提高有氧供能能力的组合物、其制备方法和应用 |
| NL2035081A (en) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-07-11 | Eternal Grace Pte Ltd | Composition promoting absorption and utilization of nutrients and intervention factors |
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| NL2035081A (en) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-07-11 | Eternal Grace Pte Ltd | Composition promoting absorption and utilization of nutrients and intervention factors |
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