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CN111800175B - Codebook-based precoding and time slot allocation method for multi-antenna finite character input - Google Patents

Codebook-based precoding and time slot allocation method for multi-antenna finite character input Download PDF

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CN111800175B
CN111800175B CN202010483718.6A CN202010483718A CN111800175B CN 111800175 B CN111800175 B CN 111800175B CN 202010483718 A CN202010483718 A CN 202010483718A CN 111800175 B CN111800175 B CN 111800175B
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柯峰
彭一鸣
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/542—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using measured or perceived quality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/56—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria

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Abstract

本发明公开了基于码本的多天线有限字符输入预编码和时隙分配方法，包含以下步骤：收集用户的信道状态矩阵及其进行特征值分解后的特征值，统计其分布规律，存储一系列典型信道的预编码矩阵的码本；初始化用户的发射功率、能量收集时隙和信息发射时隙；从码本提取出预估信息量，将初始化结果代入效用函数计算用户优先度，得到用户的发射排序策略；在此发射排序策略下，根据弹性方程从码本坐标中解出用户的信息发射功率；查找出码本中最接近的预编码矩阵；迭代地求解用户的发射时隙。本发明能够极大地降低有限字符输入的MIMO系统在线求解预编码矩阵和时隙分配运算的复杂度，同时保证系统获得较高的和吞吐量。

Figure 202010483718

The invention discloses a multi-antenna finite character input precoding and time slot allocation method based on a codebook, which comprises the following steps: collecting a user's channel state matrix and its eigenvalues after eigenvalue decomposition, counting the distribution rules, and storing a series of The codebook of the precoding matrix of a typical channel; initialize the user's transmit power, energy collection time slot and information transmission time slot; extract the estimated amount of information from the codebook, and substitute the initialization result into the utility function to calculate the user's priority, and obtain the user's priority. Transmission sequencing strategy; under this transmission sequencing strategy, the user's information transmission power is solved from the codebook coordinates according to the elastic equation; the closest precoding matrix in the codebook is found; the user's transmission time slot is iteratively solved. The invention can greatly reduce the complexity of online calculation of precoding matrix and time slot allocation in a MIMO system with limited character input, and at the same time ensure that the system obtains a higher sum throughput.

Figure 202010483718

Description

Multi-antenna finite character input precoding and time slot allocation method based on codebook
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless energy communication, in particular to a codebook-based multi-antenna limited character input precoding and time slot allocation method.
Background
With the development of the internet of things, more and more small sensors are connected to the internet. However, the data access of mass devices will also bring about a huge energy consumption. The problems caused by energy loss such as high power supply equipment deployment difficulty, power supply replacement difficulty, high manager cost and the like have to be paid attention to by people. The energy collection technology is a technology that a wireless device obtains energy from a radio frequency signal and stores the energy and supplies energy. Through the technology, the service life of the sensor node in the Internet of things is not limited by energy storage any more, the sensor node can continuously acquire energy from the environment or artificial energy supply equipment, the traditional battery power supply limitation is separated, and the wireless network design scheme is high in sustainability. In the design of the wireless communication system, the wireless energy acquisition network is adopted, so that the energy loss of network node communication can be reduced, the sustainability of the system network is improved, convenience is provided for a wearable system or an implantable system in engineering application, and the spectrum efficiency and the information transmission performance in the wireless communication system network can be effectively improved. Meanwhile, in a backscattering communication system, a backscattering transmitter performs data transmission by modulating and reflecting a received radio frequency signal, rather than generating the radio frequency signal by the transmitter itself, so that power consumption required by transmission of a communication node can be well reduced. The combination of both enables stable and high throughput communication.
In the existing physical layer research, the vast majority of the research focuses on that the channel input is gaussian distribution, because according to the maximum relative entropy theorem, the output signal can reach the shannon limit of the channel capacity under the gaussian input condition, which is convenient for theoretical analysis. However, the gaussian input signal is an ideal signal, the probability distribution of which is continuous and the signal energy is not limited, and the continuous signal means that the signal detection at the receiving end is difficult. In practical system applications, the signals for transmission are derived from discrete input signals modulated by phase shift keying modulation, quadrature amplitude modulation, and the like. The difference of signal forms brings about the difference of a multi-output (MIMO) channel precoding design method, and the precoding design method based on Gaussian input is not applicable to limited character input. Therefore, the research on wireless energy harvesting networks with limited character input has an indispensable meaning.
Most of MIMO precoding and time slot allocation in the current research only consider to realize the optimal system throughput, often need to perform a large amount of long-time complex operations, such as a gradient descent algorithm requiring iterative loop, neglect that a sensor node in an actual system does not have the capability of performing complex operations, and due to the characteristics of a time-varying channel, the overlong operation time lacks practical significance in application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a codebook-based multi-antenna finite character input precoding and time slot allocation method, which can greatly reduce the complexity of the on-line precoding matrix solving and time slot allocation operation of the MIMO system with finite character input and ensure that the system obtains higher throughput.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a multi-antenna limited character input precoding and time slot allocation method based on a codebook is used for a full-duplex wireless energy communication network with limited character input, the full-duplex wireless energy communication network comprises a mixed access point for broadcasting energy and receiving information and K users for receiving energy and transmitting information, the mixed access point continuously broadcasts energy to the users, the users transmit information to the mixed access point by using the received energy after receiving the energy, and when the energy is lower (the energy is less than a preset value), passive environment backscattering communication is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: before the transmission information precoding and time slot allocation of the user are carried out, the hybrid access point collects the state information of the channel, counts the distribution rule of the characteristic value of the channel, and constructs a codebook used offline;
step 2: appointing initialization precision, initializing the transmitting power, the receiving energy time slot, the generating information time slot and the pre-estimated mutual information quantity of a user by utilizing a codebook, and then calculating the transmitting priority of the user according to a utility function to obtain a transmitting ordering strategy of the user;
and step 3: under the emission sequencing strategy of the users, calculating the energy coordinate of a codebook corresponding to each user by using an elastic equation, namely the information emission power of the user, and searching the closest precoding matrix in the codebook according to the information emission power and the channel matrix of the user; and finally, according to the user transmitting power and the transmitting priority, iteratively solving the user transmitting time slot.
The step 1 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 1-1: before precoding and time slot allocation are started, a hybrid access point collects a plurality of channel state matrixes of users, singular value decomposition is carried out on the channel matrixes, the distribution rule of characteristic values of all positions of the channel matrixes is counted, and the quantization upper limit containing most of characteristic values is obtained;
step 1-2: the hybrid access point sets corresponding transmitting power upper limit uniform quantization transmitting power according to the quantization upper limit uniform quantization eigenvalue to obtain a series of eigenvalue vector and transmitting power combination, solves the information pre-coding matrix and pre-estimated mutual information quantity by using a gradient descent method, and arranges the pre-coding matrices according to the rule to form a codebook; the index of the codebook is a characteristic vector and transmitting power, and the determined position of the codebook stores a corresponding precoding matrix and pre-estimated mutual information quantity.
The step 2 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 2-1: searching a codebook index closest to a user channel matrix characteristic value, extracting the maximum estimated mutual information quantity under the index, calculating the initialized mutual information quantity according to the initialization precision, determining the energy index of the user, obtaining the transmitting power of the user, and then initializing a receiving energy time slot and an information generating time slot;
step 2-2: and calculating the emission priority of the user according to the utility function to obtain an emission sequencing strategy of the user.
The step 3 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 3-1: setting an elastic equation to calculate the energy index of a user in a codebook, wherein for the user with low transmission priority, the lower the transmission power is, the smaller the energy index is;
step 3-2: searching the closest precoding from the codebook according to the energy index of the user and the eigenvalue of the channel matrix;
step 3-3: according to the user energy receiving power, the information transmitting power and the transmitting priority, starting from the user with the lowest priority, solving the transmitting time slot of the user, and subtracting the length of the transmitting time slot of the user from the rest transmitting time blocks until the transmitting time slots of all the users are solved when the transmitting time slot of one user is solved; if the estimated mutual information quantity of the communication is lower than the communication rate of the backscattering, a backscattering communication mode is adopted.
The codebook-based multi-antenna finite character input precoding and time slot allocation method further comprises the steps of completing complex operations (including solving gradients and the like) before the network formally starts to communicate, and storing the complex operations in a codebook form in an off-line manner to a user; when formal communication starts, a user utilizes a precoding matrix stored in a codebook and the estimated mutual information quantity to elastically search the codebook to directly obtain the precoding matrix, and reversely resolves the transmission power and the time slot from the codebook index.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention collects the state information of the channel before the communication starts, quantizes the eigenvalue vector of the channel and the information transmitting power of the user according to the statistical channel characteristics, calculates the corresponding precoding matrix, and constructs the codebook capable of off-line storage by taking the eigenvector and the transmitting power as indexes. After communication starts, the transmitting priority of the user is calculated according to the codebook and the initialization result to obtain a transmitting ordering strategy of the user, then a pre-coding matrix corresponding to the user is searched from the codebook elastically, and the transmitting time slot of the user is solved reversely by using the transmitting power index of the codebook and the energy collecting power of the user, so that the system and the throughput are as high as possible, and the operation can be finished simply and quickly.
2. The invention is based on the offline stored codebook, fully utilizes the eigenvector index and the transmitting power index of the codebook and the precoding matrix uniquely determined by the index of the codebook, elastically searches the codebook according to the elastic equation with adjustable coefficient to obtain the precoding matrix, and reversely solves the transmitting time slot from the codebook index and the user energy receiving power, thereby greatly improving the operation speed and ensuring that the system obtains higher throughput.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a codebook-based multi-antenna finite character input precoding and time slot allocation method according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a full-duplex wireless energy communication network system model according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a wireless energy communication network operating protocol according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a distribution diagram of eigenvalue size of the channel matrix according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the variation of system and throughput with the number of users obtained by using different precoding and slot allocation algorithms according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph of the system and throughput obtained by different precoding and slot allocation algorithms according to the present invention as a function of the energy broadcast power of the hybrid access point.
Fig. 7 is a graph of the time over which the different precoding and slot allocation algorithms described in the present invention operate as a function of the number of users.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, a codebook-based multi-antenna finite character input precoding and timeslot allocation method is used for a backscattering cooperative wireless energy communication network. As shown in FIG. 2, the system model is a MIMO FD-WPCN model with causal property, and the network model is composed of 2N antennaehAnd K end users. 2N of hybrid access pointhAnd the root antenna, wherein half of the antennas are used for energy broadcasting, and the other half of the antennas are used for information receiving. Each user has 2Nu+1 antennas, where NuRoot antenna for energy reception, another NuThe root antenna is used for multi-antenna information transmission, and the remaining 1 antenna is used for backscatter communication. The modulation base is M. As shown in fig. 3, the hybrid access point broadcasts energy and receives information simultaneously through full duplex operation. The uplink channel of the terminal user transmits information in a time division multiple access mode, the hybrid access point and the K terminal users work in the same frequency band, the users always receive and store energy before the self-allocated information transmission time slot arrives, and finally, all the received energy is used for multi-antenna information transmission.
The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: before the transmission information precoding and time slot allocation of the user, the hybrid access point collects the state information of the channel, counts the distribution rule of the characteristic value of the channel, and constructs a codebook used offline.
The step 1 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 1-1: before starting precoding and time slot allocation, the hybrid access point collects a plurality of channel state matrixes of users, carries out singular value decomposition on the channel matrixes, and counts characteristic values of all positions of the channel matrixes
Figure BDA0002518340580000051
The distribution rule of (1). FIG. 4 reflects the distribution rule of the first eigenvalue after eigenvalue decomposition of 2 × 2 dual correlation channel matrix, and 90% quantiles of the quantiles are selected as the quantization upper limit λthI.e. P { lambdai≤λth,k}＝0.9,k＝1,2,L,min(Nh,Nu)；
Step 1-2: the hybrid access point sets corresponding transmitting power upper limit uniform quantization transmitting power according to the quantization upper limit uniform quantization eigenvalue, the quantization interval of energy is I, a series of eigenvalue vector and transmitting power combination is obtained, an information precoding matrix and pre-estimated mutual information quantity of the information precoding matrix are solved by a gradient descent method, and the precoding matrices are arranged according to a rule to form a codebook T. The index of the codebook is a characteristic vector index c and a transmitting power e, and the determined position of the codebook stores a corresponding precoding matrix sigmaG,iPredicted mutual information amount under the coding
Figure BDA0002518340580000061
Step 2: appointing initialization precision E, initializing transmitting power, initial transmitting power and transmitting information time slot of user i by codebook
Figure BDA0002518340580000062
And estimate the mutual information quantity
Figure BDA0002518340580000063
Then, the emission priority of the user is calculated according to the utility function
Figure BDA0002518340580000064
Obtaining the emission ordering strategy of the users according to the ordering of the priority degrees of the users from big to small, namely, the reverse order pi of the emission order of the userso
The step 2 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 2-1: searching codebook index closest to the characteristic value of user channel matrix, extracting maximum predicted mutual information under the index, and calculating initialized mutual information according to the initialized precision, thereby determining userI.e. deriving the transmit power of the user
Figure BDA0002518340580000065
Then initializing the transmission information time slot
Figure BDA0002518340580000066
Step 2-2: and calculating the emission priority of the user according to the utility function to obtain an emission sequencing strategy of the user.
And step 3: under the emission sequencing strategy of the users, the energy coordinate of the codebook corresponding to each user, namely the information emission power of the user, is calculated by using an elastic equation, and then the closest precoding matrix is searched in the codebook according to the information emission power and the channel matrix of the user. And finally, according to the user transmitting power and the transmitting priority, iteratively solving the user transmitting time slot.
The step 3 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 3-1: setting elastic equation λ as P0(ω1n-ω2)/ω3Wherein ω is1，ω2And ω3For adjustable elasticity factor, calculating energy index of user in codebook
Figure BDA0002518340580000067
For users with low transmission priority, the lower the transmission power, i.e. the smaller the energy index, i.e. the information transmission power of the user
Figure BDA0002518340580000071
Step 3-2: searching the closest precoding from the codebook according to the energy index of the user and the eigenvalue of the channel matrix;
step 3-3: according to the user energy receiving power, information transmitting power and transmitting priority, starting from the user with the lowest priority, solving the transmitting time slot of the user
Figure BDA0002518340580000072
Each time a user's transmission time slot is solved, the user's transmission time slot length is subtracted from the remaining transmission time blocks
Figure BDA0002518340580000073
Until the transmit time slots for all users are found. If the estimated mutual information quantity of the communication is lower than the communication rate of the backscattering, a backscattering communication mode is adopted.
The simulation results of this example were obtained using the simulation software Matlab.
The basic parameters of the simulation experiment are set as follows: considering 2 x 2 MIMO channels, i.e. number of antennas Nu＝N h2. Without loss of generality, the length of each communication frame is normalized to be 1, the quantization level number of characteristic value vectors of a codebook is 10, the quantization level number of energy indexes is 80, and parameters of an elastic equation are respectively set to be omega1＝10，ω235 and ω 325. Noise power σ 21 mW. Legend abbreviations for the simulated figures have the following meanings: FD denotes full duplex, HD denotes half duplex, with CB abbreviation meaning the result of a codebook based algorithm (the present algorithm), otherwise conventional gradient based algorithm, WPCN is multi-antenna wireless energy communication mode, BAWPCN is backscatter coordinated wireless energy communication mode.
FIG. 5 shows that different pre-coding and time slot allocation algorithms are adopted to obtain a system throughput curve along with the number of users, and the system throughput gradually increases along with the increase of the number of users, and then gradually approaches the theoretical upper limit N of the limited character input2log2M is 4 bps/Hz. Based on the algorithm (the algorithm) of the codebook, namely the results of FD-CB-BAWPCN and FD-CB-WPCN curves, the obtained sum throughput can obtain higher sum throughput when the number of users is less, because the traditional gradient algorithm sinks into the result of local optimization in the non-convex problem of jointly solving precoding and time slot allocation, the algorithm can reversely solve better results from the codebook under the appropriate elastic coefficient, and the potential of the algorithm is further reflected. As the number of users increases, the results of the present algorithm and the gradient-based algorithm go further togetherAnd (6) approaching a step. The results of half-duplex systems, i.e. the HD-WPCN and HD-BAWPCN curves, are used as a comparison, and the throughput is always smaller than that of a full-duplex system, thus reflecting the necessity of the application of the invention and the scene of the full-duplex system.
Fig. 6 is a graph of energy broadcast power variation curves of systems and throughputs along with hybrid access points obtained by adopting different precoding and time slot allocation algorithms, when the transmission energy of the hybrid access points is low, all nodes of the FD-BAWPCN and the HD-BAWPCN adopt a backscattering working mode, the sum throughput of the systems is kept unchanged, and the sum throughput of the systems, which is not a backscattering cooperative system, is increased along with the increase of the energy transmission power. And the algorithm (the algorithm) based on the codebook can well approach the existing gradient-based algorithm under various conditions of generated energy power.
Fig. 7 reflects the time of operation with different precoding and slot allocation algorithms as a function of the number of users, with the vertical axis running in seconds as a logarithm of 10, BPSK for the modulation base M2 and QPSK for the modulation base M4. The running time of the algorithm and the gradient-based algorithm is increased along with the increase of the number of users, but the running time required by the algorithm is more than three orders of magnitude smaller than that of the gradient-based algorithm, and when the modulation base number is increased, the running time required by the algorithm is not obviously changed, and the running time required by the gradient-based algorithm is obviously increased. The above shows that the operation speed of the algorithm is much higher than that of the gradient-based algorithm, and the advantages can be further expanded when the number of antennas is increased.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A codebook-based multi-antenna finite character input precoding and time slot allocation method is characterized in that: a full-duplex wireless energy communication network for limited character input, said full-duplex wireless energy communication network comprising a hybrid access point broadcasting energy and receiving information and K users receiving energy and transmitting information, the hybrid access point continuously broadcasting energy to the users, the users transmitting information to the hybrid access point using the received energy after receiving energy, and employing passive ambient backscatter communication when energy is low, comprising the sequential steps of:
step 1: before the transmission information precoding and time slot allocation of the user are carried out, the hybrid access point collects the state information of the channel, counts the distribution rule of the characteristic value of the channel, and constructs a codebook used offline;
step 2: appointing initialization precision, initializing the transmitting power, the receiving energy time slot, the generating information time slot and the pre-estimated mutual information quantity of a user by utilizing a codebook, and then calculating the transmitting priority of the user according to a utility function to obtain a transmitting ordering strategy of the user;
and step 3: under the emission sequencing strategy of the users, calculating the energy coordinate of a codebook corresponding to each user by using an elastic equation, namely the information emission power of the user, and searching the closest precoding matrix in the codebook according to the information emission power and the channel matrix of the user; finally, according to the user transmitting power and the transmitting priority, the user transmitting time slot is solved in an iterative manner;
the step 3 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 3-1: setting an elastic equation to calculate the energy index of a user in a codebook, wherein for the user with low transmission priority, the lower the transmission power is, the smaller the energy index is;
step 3-2: searching the closest precoding from the codebook according to the energy index of the user and the eigenvalue of the channel matrix;
step 3-3: according to the user energy receiving power, the information transmitting power and the transmitting priority, starting from the user with the lowest priority, solving the transmitting time slot of the user, and subtracting the length of the transmitting time slot of the user from the rest transmitting time blocks until the transmitting time slots of all the users are solved when the transmitting time slot of one user is solved; if the estimated mutual information quantity of the communication is lower than the communication rate of the backscattering, a backscattering communication mode is adopted.
2. The codebook-based multiple antenna finite character input precoding and slot assignment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step 1 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 1-1: before precoding and time slot allocation are started, a hybrid access point collects a plurality of channel state matrixes of users, singular value decomposition is carried out on the channel matrixes, the distribution rule of characteristic values of all positions of the channel matrixes is counted, and the quantization upper limit containing most of characteristic values is obtained;
step 1-2: the hybrid access point sets corresponding transmitting power upper limit uniform quantization transmitting power according to the quantization upper limit uniform quantization eigenvalue to obtain a series of eigenvalue vector and transmitting power combination, solves the information pre-coding matrix and pre-estimated mutual information quantity by using a gradient descent method, and arranges the pre-coding matrices according to the rule to form a codebook; the index of the codebook is a characteristic vector and transmitting power, and the determined position of the codebook stores a corresponding precoding matrix and pre-estimated mutual information quantity.
3. The codebook-based multiple antenna finite character input precoding and slot assignment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step 2 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 2-1: searching a codebook index closest to a user channel matrix characteristic value, extracting the maximum estimated mutual information quantity under the index, calculating the initialized mutual information quantity according to the initialization precision, determining the energy index of the user, obtaining the transmitting power of the user, and then initializing a receiving energy time slot and an information generating time slot;
step 2-2: and calculating the emission priority of the user according to the utility function to obtain an emission sequencing strategy of the user.
4. The codebook-based multiple antenna finite character input precoding and slot assignment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the complex operation is completed before the network formally starts to communicate, and is stored in the user in an offline manner in a codebook form; when formal communication starts, a user utilizes a precoding matrix stored in a codebook and the estimated mutual information quantity to elastically search the codebook to directly obtain the precoding matrix, and reversely resolves the transmission power and the time slot from the codebook index.
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