CN111805284A - Five-axis high-precision machining system with split drive - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a five-axis high-precision machining system with split transmission. The drive motor is set independently from the machine tool foundation, so that the power source and the machine tool body are set separately, and the single-direction drive adopts the drive mode of double motors and gears. It can eliminate the backlash during the driving process, ensure the driving accuracy, and at the same time avoid the vibration generated by the operation of the power source (motor) from being transmitted to the machine tool itself. Rotation accuracy, thereby ensuring the advantages of five-axis machining systems such as machining accuracy, can obtain higher dynamic characteristics, feed speed and cutting speed, and obtain better machined surface quality and improve machining efficiency; can automatically, high-speed, High-precision and high-efficiency continuous processing of complex surfaces of multiple planes and multiple processes of parts is suitable for aerospace, military, automobile, ship, medical, mold and other fields.

Description

Five-axis high-precision machining system with split drive

technical field

The invention relates to a machine tool, in particular to a five-axis linkage system.

Background technique

Five-axis linkage equipment belongs to the more common equipment in CNC machine tools and is used for the processing of parts with complex structures; in order to ensure the final machining accuracy, high-speed direct-connected spindles and servo systems are generally equipped, and ball screws are equipped in X, Y, and Z directions. and linear guide rails, which are directly driven by servo motors with continuously variable speed, and the B and C rotary axes use servo motors to form direct-drive turntables, which can basically ensure stable accuracy and high dynamic and static characteristics; however, the existing direct-drive structure is used when using Due to the relatively large torsional moment being subjected to a long period of time, the drive shaft of the motor, the internal rotor, and the rotating pair will be slightly deformed, causing corresponding vibrations, which will be transmitted to the linear motions of X, Y, and Z and the rotation of B and C. axis movement, thereby affecting the final machining accuracy.

Therefore, the transmission part of the existing five-axis machining system should be improved, so that the vibration generated by the operation of the power source (motor) will not be transmitted to the machine tool itself, especially to maintain the accuracy of direct linear operation and rotation for a long time, In order to ensure the advantages of the five-axis machining system such as machining accuracy, higher dynamic characteristics, feed speed and cutting speed can be obtained, better machined surface quality can be obtained, and machining efficiency can be improved.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a five-axis high-precision machining system with split transmission, so that the vibration generated by the operation of the power source (motor) will not be transmitted to the machine tool itself, especially the direct straight line can be maintained for a long time. The accuracy of running and rotation can ensure the advantages of the five-axis machining system such as machining accuracy, and can obtain higher dynamic characteristics, feed speed and cutting speed, and obtain better machined surface quality and improve machining efficiency.

The split-drive five-axis high-precision machining system of the present invention includes a basic structure, an X-axis moving assembly, a Y-axis moving assembly, a Z-axis moving assembly, a horizontal rotating assembly and a vertical rotating assembly;

The X-axis moving assembly includes an X-axis carriage assembly and an X-axis driving assembly;

The X-axis carriage assembly is arranged on the basic structure, and the X-axis carriage assembly includes an X-axis carriage and an X-axis ball screw assembly for driving the carriage to reciprocate along the X-axis on the basic structure; the X-axis carriage The lead screw of the shaft ball screw assembly is driven to rotate by the X-axis drive assembly;

The X-axis drive assembly includes an X-axis first drive assembly and an X-axis second drive assembly;

The X-axis first drive assembly includes an X-axis first drive motor, an X-axis first drive gear, and an X-axis first driven gear that is matched with the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly and meshes with the X-axis first drive gear ;

The X-axis second drive assembly includes an X-axis second drive motor, an X-axis second drive gear driven by the X-axis second drive motor, and the X-axis ball screw assembly in cooperation with the X-axis second drive gear. The meshed X-axis second driven gear;

The X-axis first drive motor and the X-axis second drive motor are provided independently of the basic structure;

When the X-axis first drive motor drives the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the X-axis first driving gear and the X-axis first driven gear, the X-axis second drive motor passes the X-axis The second driving gear and the second driven gear of the X-axis form resistance in the opposite direction to eliminate backlash;

And, when the X-axis second drive motor drives the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in another direction through the X-axis second drive gear and the X-axis second driven gear, the X-axis first drive motor The resistance is formed in the opposite direction through the first driving gear of the X-axis and the first driven gear of the X-axis to eliminate the backlash.

Further, the X-axis first driving gear, the X-axis first driven gear, the X-axis second driving gear and the X-axis second driven gear are all bevel gear transmissions, and the X-axis first driven gear and The X-axis second driven gear is arranged on the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly in a manner of opposite gear teeth, and the X-axis first driving gear and the X-axis second driving gear are arranged in a row of the X-axis ball screw assembly. both sides of the bar.

Further, the Y-axis moving assembly includes a Y-axis carriage assembly and a Y-axis driving assembly;

The Y-axis carriage assembly is located on the carriage of the X-axis carriage assembly; the Y-axis carriage assembly includes a Y-axis carriage and a carriage for driving the carriage to reciprocate along the Y circle on the carriage of the X-axis carriage assembly The Y-axis ball screw assembly; the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly is driven to rotate by the Y-axis drive assembly; the Y-axis drive assembly includes a Y-axis first drive assembly and a Y-axis second drive assembly;

The Y-axis first drive assembly includes a Y-axis first drive motor, a Y-axis first drive bevel gear, and a Y-axis first slave drive that cooperates with the screw drive of the Y-axis ball screw assembly and meshes with the Y-axis first drive bevel gear. moving bevel gear;

The Y-axis second drive assembly includes a Y-axis second drive motor, a Y-axis second drive bevel gear driven by the Y-axis second drive motor, and a Y-axis ball screw assembly in cooperation with the lead screw drive and with the Y-axis second drive motor. The second driven bevel gear of the Y-axis meshed by the bevel gear;

The Y-axis first drive motor and the Y-axis second drive motor are provided independently of the basic structure;

When the Y-axis first drive motor drives the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the Y-axis first drive bevel gear and the Y-axis first driven bevel gear, the Y-axis second drive motor passes through the Y-axis. The Y-axis second drive bevel gear and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear form resistance in the opposite direction to eliminate backlash;

And, when the Y-axis second drive motor drives the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in another direction through the Y-axis second driving bevel gear and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear, the Y-axis first The drive motor forms resistance in the opposite direction through the first driving bevel gear of the Y-axis and the first driven bevel gear of the Y-axis to eliminate the backlash;

A Y-axis first drive shaft is provided in cooperation with the Y-axis first drive motor, and a Y-axis first drive shaft sleeve is provided on the Y-axis first drive shaft in a circumferential direction and axially slidable manner , the Y-axis first drive bevel gear is driven to fit on the Y-axis first drive sleeve, and the Y-axis first drive sleeve is applied with a pre-tightening force to the Y-axis first driven bevel gear;

A Y-axis second drive shaft is provided in cooperation with the Y-axis second drive motor, and a Y-axis second drive shaft sleeve is arranged on the Y-axis second drive shaft in a circumferential direction and axially slidable. , the Y-axis second drive bevel gear is driven to fit on the Y-axis second drive sleeve, and the Y-axis second drive sleeve is applied with a pre-tightening force to the Y-axis second driven bevel gear;

The Y-axis first drive shaft and the Y-axis second drive shaft are both parallel to the X-axis direction.

Further, the Y-axis first driven bevel gear and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear are arranged on the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly in a manner in which gear teeth are opposite, and the Y-axis first drive bevel gear and the Y-axis The second drive bevel gear of the shaft is arranged on both sides of the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly.

Further, the Z-axis moving assembly includes a Z-axis carriage assembly and a Z-axis driving assembly;

The Z-axis carriage assembly is located on the carriage of the Y-axis carriage assembly; the Z-axis carriage assembly includes a Z-axis carriage and a Z-axis carriage for driving the Z-axis carriage to reciprocate along the Z-axis on the Y-axis carriage. A-axis ball screw assembly; the lead screw of the Z-axis ball screw assembly is driven to rotate by a Z-axis drive assembly; the Z-axis drive assembly includes a Z-axis first drive assembly and a Z-axis second drive assembly;

The Z-axis first drive assembly includes a Z-axis first drive motor, a Z-axis first drive bevel gear, and a Z-axis first slave drive that cooperates with the Z-axis ball screw assembly and meshes with the Z-axis first drive bevel gear. moving bevel gear;

The Z-axis second drive assembly includes a Z-axis second drive motor, a Z-axis second drive bevel gear driven by the Z-axis second drive motor, and a Z-axis ball screw assembly in cooperation with the Z-axis second drive motor. The Z-axis second driven gear meshed by the gear;

The Z-axis first drive motor and the Z-axis second drive motor are arranged on the X-axis carriage;

When the Z-axis first drive motor drives the lead screw of the Z-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the Z-axis first driving gear and the Z-axis first driven gear, the Z-axis second drive motor rotates through the Z-axis The second driving gear and the Z-axis second driven gear form resistance in the opposite direction to eliminate backlash;

When the Z-axis second drive motor drives the lead screw of the Z-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in the other direction through the Z-axis second driving gear and the Z-axis second driven gear, the Z-axis first drive motor passes through the Z-axis. The first driving gear of the axis and the first driven gear of the Z axis form resistance in the opposite direction to eliminate the backlash;

A Z-axis first drive shaft is arranged in cooperation with the Z-axis first drive motor, and a Z-axis first drive shaft sleeve is provided on the Z-axis first drive shaft in a circumferential direction and axially slidable manner , the Z-axis first driving bevel gear is arranged in cooperation with the Z-axis first driving bushing, and the Z-axis first driving bushing is applied with a pre-tightening force to the Z-axis first driven bevel gear;

A Z-axis second drive shaft is provided in cooperation with the Z-axis second drive motor, and a Z-axis second drive shaft sleeve is arranged on the Z-axis second drive shaft in a circumferential direction and axially slidable manner , the Z-axis second driving bevel gear is driven and arranged on the Z-axis second driving bushing, and the Z-axis second driving bushing is applied with a pre-tightening force to the Z-axis second driven bevel gear;

The Z-axis first drive shaft and the Z-axis second drive shaft are both parallel to the Y-axis direction.

Further, the basic structure is provided with an X-axis screw seat for rotatingly supporting the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly; the X-axis carriage is provided with a rotating support for the Y-axis ball screw assembly The Y-axis screw seat of the lead screw; the Y-axis carriage is provided with a Z-axis screw seat for rotating and supporting the lead screw of the Z-axis ball screw assembly.

Further, the X-axis drive assembly further includes an X-axis drive motor seat for installing the X-axis first drive motor and the X-axis second drive motor, and the X-axis drive motor seat is independent of the basic structure;

The Y-axis drive assembly further includes a Y-axis drive motor seat for installing the Y-axis first drive motor and the Y-axis second drive motor, and the Y-axis drive motor seat is independent of the basic structure;

The Z-axis drive assembly further includes a Z-axis drive motor seat for installing the Z-axis first drive motor and the Z-axis second drive motor, and the Z-axis drive motor seat is fixed to the X-axis carriage.

Further, the X-axis drive assembly further includes an X-axis gearbox arranged on the basic structure, the X-axis first driving gear, the X-axis second driving gear, the X-axis first driven gear and the X-axis second driven gear The gears are all located in the X-axis gearbox; the Y-axis drive assembly further includes a Y-axis gearbox arranged on the X-axis carriage, the Y-axis first drive bevel gear, the Y-axis second drive bevel gear, the Y-axis drive The first driven bevel gear of the shaft and the second driven bevel gear of the Y-axis are located in the Y-axis gearbox; the Z-axis drive assembly also includes a Z-axis gearbox arranged on the Y-axis carriage, the Z-axis The first driving gear, the Z-axis second driving gear, the Z-axis first driven gear and the Z-axis second driven gear are all located in the Z-axis gearbox.

Further, the outer circle of the first drive shaft of the Y axis, the second drive shaft of the Y axis, the first drive shaft of the Z axis and the second drive shaft of the Z axis are respectively provided with a plurality of axial directions with arc-shaped cross-sections arranged along the circumferential direction. The outer groove, the Y-axis first drive sleeve, the Y-axis second drive sleeve, the Z-axis first drive sleeve and the Z-axis second drive sleeve are respectively provided with a plurality of cross-sections arranged along the circumferential direction. Arc-shaped axial inner groove, the Y-axis first drive sleeve, the Y-axis second drive sleeve, the Z-axis first drive sleeve and the Z-axis second drive sleeve are correspondingly sleeved on the Y-axis first After the drive shaft, the second drive shaft of the Y axis, the first drive shaft of the Z axis and the second drive shaft of the Z axis, the axial inner groove and the axial outer groove are matched in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of balls placed therebetween.

Further, between the Y-axis first drive shaft and the Y-axis first drive shaft sleeve, between the Y-axis second drive shaft and the Y-axis second drive shaft sleeve, the Z-axis first drive shaft and the Z-axis first drive shaft Retaining sleeves for holding the balls are respectively provided between the driving shaft sleeves and between the Z-axis second driving shaft and the Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention is a five-axis high-precision machining system with split transmission, the drive motor is set independently of the machine tool foundation, so that the power source and the machine tool body are set separately, and the single-direction drive adopts dual motors with gears. The driving mode can eliminate the hysteresis during the driving process, ensure the driving accuracy, and at the same time avoid the vibration generated by the operation of the power source (motor) from being transmitted to the machine tool itself. The accuracy of linear running and rotation, so as to ensure the advantages of the five-axis machining system such as machining accuracy, can obtain higher dynamic characteristics, feed speed and cutting speed, and obtain better machined surface quality and improve machining efficiency; can automatically , High-speed, high-precision, high-efficiency and continuous completion of complex surface processing of multiple planes and multiple processes of parts, suitable for aerospace, military, automobile, ship, medical, mold and other fields.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Figure 1 is an axonometric view of a five-axis machining device (without a drive system installed);

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the X-axis drive structure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the drive structure of the Y-axis and the Z-axis;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view at Fig. 3A;

Fig. 5 is the front view of the machine tool of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a side view of the processing machine tool of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Figure 1 is an axonometric view of a five-axis machining device (no drive system is installed), Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the X-axis drive structure, and Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the Y-axis and Z-axis drive structures, as shown in the figure: the split transmission of this embodiment The five-axis high-precision machining system includes basic structure 1, X-axis moving assembly 2, Y-axis moving assembly 3, Z-axis moving assembly 4, horizontal rotation assembly 5 and vertical rotation assembly 6; five-axis machining system (machine tool) The X-axis moving component, the Y-axis moving component, and the Z-axis moving component refer to the three-dimensional movement in the direction of the three-dimensional coordinates; the horizontal rotation component and the vertical rotation component are arranged on the worktable, and the horizontal rotation component refers to the movement around the horizontal axis B The axis rotates, and the vertical rotation component refers to the rotation around the vertical axis C axis; the above structure forms multi-directional adaptive characteristics, which is conducive to the processing of workpieces with complex surfaces; the basic structure refers to the movement of degrees of freedom in all directions on the machine tool Or rotating parts to form a complete machine tool structure, which can be designed into the required structural form according to needs, which will not be repeated here; of course, the five-axis machining system also includes a spindle 8 installed on the Z-axis moving assembly repeat;

The X-axis moving assembly 2 includes an X-axis carriage assembly and an X-axis driving assembly;

The X-axis carriage assembly is arranged on the basic structure 1, and the X-axis carriage assembly includes an X-axis carriage 2a and an X-axis ball screw for driving the X-axis carriage 2a to reciprocate along the X-axis on the basic structure. assembly; the lead screw 201 of the X-axis ball screw assembly is driven to rotate by the X-axis drive assembly; the X-axis ball screw assembly includes a lead screw 201 and a nut arranged on the X-axis carriage to match the lead screw, and the lead screw is driven When rotating, the nut drives the X-axis carriage to slide back and forth along the axis of the screw with a single degree of freedom to form a linear motion on the X-axis;

The X-axis drive assembly includes an X-axis first drive assembly and an X-axis second drive assembly;

The X-axis first drive assembly includes an X-axis first drive motor 202, an X-axis first drive gear 204, and is in driving cooperation with the lead screw 201 of the X-axis ball screw assembly (it can also be driven to the lead screw through a transmission shaft, not here The first X-axis driven gear 206 meshes with the X-axis first driving gear 204; the X-axis first drive motor 202 drives the X-axis first driving gear 204 through the output shaft, and the X-axis first driven gear 206 The existing mechanical transmission structure can be used for the transmission with the lead screw 201, which is generally interference plus key connection, which will not be repeated here;

The X-axis second drive assembly includes the X-axis second drive motor 203, the X-axis second drive gear 205 driven by the X-axis second drive motor, and the lead screw 201 of the X-axis ball screw assembly in driving cooperation with the X-axis first drive gear 205. The X-axis second driven gear 207 meshing with the two driving gears; this structure is similar to the connection structure of the X-axis first drive assembly, and will not be repeated here;

The X-axis first drive motor 202 and the X-axis second drive motor 203 are set independently of the basic structure, which means that the X-axis first drive motor and the X-axis second drive motor are not fixed on the base structure. In terms of basic structure, it is fixed at the set position separately. Although the final machine tool is a whole, the first drive motor of X-axis and the second drive motor of X-axis are fixed on a separate basis; this structure can reduce the vibration of the motor. Independent of the basic structure, so as to avoid interference with the processing part and create conditions for improving accuracy;

When the X-axis first drive motor 202 drives the lead screw 201 of the X-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the X-axis first driving gear 204 and the X-axis first driven gear 206, the X-axis second drive The motor 203 forms resistance in the opposite direction through the X-axis second driving gear 205 and the X-axis second driven gear 207 to eliminate the hysteresis; the resistance here refers to the small torque resistance, which is only used to eliminate the transmission hysteresis of the gear, and will not adversely affect the normal driving process;

And, when the X-axis second drive motor 203 drives the lead screw 201 of the X-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in another direction through the X-axis second driving gear 205 and the X-axis second driven gear 207, the X-axis The first driving motor 202 forms resistance in the opposite direction through the X-axis first driving gear 204 and the X-axis first driven gear 206 for eliminating the backlash.

It can be seen that in the process of transmission and driving of this structure, since the driving motor and the moving pair do not directly form a drive, the vibration process will not be directly transmitted, which ensures the accuracy of the transmission and is naturally conducive to ensuring the final machining accuracy; at the same time, the use of two The set of gears forms a transmission pair, which can be driven respectively to form forward and reverse rotation and eliminate the hysteresis of each other, ensuring that the hysteresis of the gear transmission is eliminated under the condition of not transmitting vibration, and finally the transmission accuracy is guaranteed;

In the present invention, two motors are used to complete two directions of rotational driving, thereby completing the reciprocating movement of the X-axis carriage 2a, and during the driving process, the other motor forms resistance, which is used to eliminate hysteresis and ensure high driving accuracy. .

In this embodiment, the X-axis first driving gear 204 , the X-axis first driven gear 206 , the X-axis second driving gear 205 and the X-axis second driven gear 207 are all bevel gear transmissions, and the X-axis The first driven gear 206 of the X-axis and the second driven gear 207 of the X-axis are arranged on the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly in the manner of gear teeth facing each other, the first driving gear 204 of the X-axis and the second driving gear of the X-axis 205 are arranged on both sides of the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly; the bevel gear transmission structure is adopted, which is conducive to interrupting and eliminating the transmission of vibration, and has the adaptability of the transmission process; the first driven gear of the X-axis and the second driven gear of the X-axis The gear teeth of the driven gear are opposite to each other, which can offset the axial component force generated in the transmission process, so as to balance the excess external force and ensure the stability of the transmission; the X-axis first driving gear and the X-axis second driving gear are arranged on both sides The structure is conducive to the layout of the overall structure, and is conducive to ensuring the balance of force transmission.

In this embodiment, the Y-axis moving assembly includes a Y-axis carriage assembly and a Y-axis driving assembly;

The Y-axis carriage assembly is located on the X-axis carriage of the X-axis carriage assembly; the Y-axis carriage assembly includes a Y-axis carriage 3a and an X-axis carriage for driving the Y-axis carriage 3a on the X-axis carriage assembly. The Y-axis ball screw assembly that reciprocates along the Y circle on the carriage; the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly is driven to rotate by the Y-axis drive assembly; the Y-axis drive assembly includes a Y-axis first drive assembly and a Y-axis drive assembly. shaft second drive assembly;

The Y-axis first drive assembly includes a Y-axis first drive motor 302, a Y-axis first drive bevel gear 304, and a transmission fit with the lead screw 301 of the Y-axis ball screw assembly (it can also be driven to the lead screw through the transmission shaft, here No further description) and the Y-axis first driven bevel gear 306 meshing with the Y-axis first drive bevel gear 304;

The Y-axis second drive assembly includes the Y-axis second drive motor 303, the Y-axis second drive bevel gear 305 driven by the Y-axis second drive motor, and the Y-axis ball screw assembly in driving engagement with the lead screw 301 of the Y-axis The Y-axis second driven bevel gear 307 meshed with the second driving bevel gear;

The Y-axis first drive motor 302 and the Y-axis second drive motor 303 are provided independently of the basic structure;

When the Y-axis first drive motor 302 drives the lead screw 301 of the Y-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the Y-axis first drive bevel gear 304 and the Y-axis first driven bevel gear 306, the Y-axis The second drive motor 303 forms resistance in the opposite direction through the Y-axis second driving bevel gear 305 and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear 307 to eliminate backlash;

And, when the Y-axis second drive motor 303 drives the lead screw 301 of the Y-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in another direction through the Y-axis second driving bevel gear 305 and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear 307, the The Y-axis first drive motor 302 forms resistance in the opposite direction through the Y-axis first driving bevel gear 304 and the Y-axis first driven bevel gear 306 to eliminate backlash;

The above structure is similar to the structure of the X-axis drive assembly, and the technical effect is similar, so it is not repeated here;

A Y-axis first drive shaft 308 is provided in driving cooperation with the Y-axis first drive motor 302 , and a Y-axis first drive shaft 308 is provided on the Y-axis first drive shaft 308 in a circumferentially driven and axially slidable manner. The drive bushing 3010, the Y-axis first drive bevel gear 304 is arranged in a transmission fit on the Y-axis first drive bushing 3010, and the Y-axis first drive bushing 3010 is applied to the Y-axis first driven bevel gear 306 the preload;

A Y-axis second drive shaft 309 is provided in cooperation with the Y-axis second drive motor 303, and a Y-axis second drive shaft 309 is provided on the Y-axis second drive shaft 309 in a circumferentially driven and axially slidable manner. The drive bushing 3011, the Y-axis second drive bevel gear 305 is drivingly arranged on the Y-axis second drive bushing 3011, the Y-axis second drive bushing 3011 is applied to the Y-axis second driven bevel gear 307 the preload;

The matching method of the drive shaft sleeve and the drive shaft can adopt the existing mechanical cooperation method, for example, the drive shaft has a spline outer circle structure, and the drive shaft sleeve has an inner spline groove, forming an axial reciprocating movement matching;

The Y-axis first drive shaft and the Y-axis second drive shaft are both parallel to the X-axis direction; since the Y-axis first drive shaft and the Y-axis second drive shaft are parallel to the X-axis direction, the Y-axis first drive shaft The reciprocating sliding fit relationship with the first drive bushing of the Y-axis is the same as the moving direction of the X-axis carriage. It is used for transmission and can offset and adapt to the movement of the X-axis carriage to drive the Y-axis lead screw and carriage. Move; the setting of the above pretightening force can push the first driving bevel gear of the Y axis and the second driving bevel gear of the Y axis to the first driven bevel gear of the Y axis and the second driven bevel gear of the Y axis respectively. When the Y-axis carriage and the Y-axis ball screw assembly move under the drive of the X-axis carriage, ensure that the Y-axis first drive bevel gear Y-axis and the second drive bevel gear and the Y-axis first driven bevel gear Y-axis and The meshing relationship of the second driven bevel gear is beneficial to eliminate the backlash and ensure the transmission accuracy; as shown in the figure, taking the first drive shaft of the Y axis and the first drive shaft sleeve of the Y axis as an example, the preload is applied by the outer sleeve to the Y axis. The cylindrical spring 3014 (or disc spring) of the first drive shaft of the axis is applied, and the first drive shaft sleeve of the Y axis is provided with an annular protrusion that resists the spring, and at the same time, the first drive shaft 308 of the Y axis is also provided with a The annular protrusion of the cylindrical spring 3014 is used to apply an axial preload to the Y-axis first drive sleeve, so that the Y-axis first drive sleeve has a tendency to move toward the Y-axis first driven bevel gear. The first drive bevel gear of the axis needs to be fixed on the first drive shaft sleeve of the Y axis in the axial direction, which will not be repeated here. , which will not be repeated here;

In this embodiment, the Y-axis first driven bevel gear 306 and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear 307 are arranged on the lead screw 301 of the Y-axis ball screw assembly in a manner of gear teeth facing each other. A driving bevel gear 304 and a Y-axis second driving bevel gear 303 are arranged on both sides of the lead screw 301 of the Y-axis ball screw assembly; the structure is similar to the X-axis moving assembly, of course, has similar beneficial effects, here No longer.

In this embodiment, the Z-axis moving assembly includes a Z-axis carriage assembly and a Z-axis driving assembly;

The Z-axis carriage assembly is located on the Y-axis of the Y-axis carriage assembly; the Z-axis carriage assembly includes a Z-axis carriage 4a and is used to drive the Z-axis carriage 4a to reciprocate along the Z-axis on the Y-axis carriage The Z-axis ball screw assembly; the screw of the Z-axis ball screw assembly is driven to rotate by the Z-axis drive assembly; the Z-axis drive assembly includes a Z-axis first drive assembly and a Z-axis second drive assembly;

The Z-axis first drive assembly includes a Z-axis first drive motor 402, a Z-axis first drive bevel gear 404, and a transmission fit with the lead screw 401 of the Z-axis ball screw assembly (it can also be driven to the lead screw through the transmission shaft, here No further description) and the Z-axis first driven bevel gear 406 meshing with the Z-axis first driving bevel gear;

The Z-axis second drive assembly includes a Z-axis second drive motor 403, a Z-axis second drive bevel gear 405 driven by the Z-axis second drive motor, and a Z-axis ball screw assembly in driving engagement with the lead screw 401 of the Z-axis The Z-axis second driven gear 407 meshed with the second driving gear;

The Z-axis first drive motor 402 and the Z-axis second drive motor 403 are arranged on the X-axis carriage;

When the Z-axis first drive motor 402 drives the lead screw 401 of the Z-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the Z-axis first driving gear 404 and the Z-axis first driven gear 406, the Z-axis second drive The motor 403 forms resistance in the opposite direction through the Z-axis second driving gear 405 and the Z-axis second driven gear 407 to eliminate backlash;

When the Z-axis second drive motor 403 drives the lead screw 401 of the Z-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in another direction through the Z-axis second driving gear 405 and the Z-axis second driven gear 407, the Z-axis first The drive motor 402 forms resistance in the opposite direction through the Z-axis first driving gear 404 and the Z-axis first driven gear 406 for eliminating backlash;

A Z-axis first drive shaft 408 is provided in cooperation with the Z-axis first drive motor 402, and the Z-axis first drive shaft 408 is provided with a Z-axis first drive shaft 408 in a circumferential direction and axially slidable. The drive bushing 4010, the Z-axis first drive bevel gear 404 is arranged in a transmission fit on the Z-axis first drive bushing 4010, and the Z-axis first drive bushing 4010 is applied to the Z-axis first driven bevel gear 406 the preload;

A Z-axis second drive shaft 409 is provided in driving cooperation with the Z-axis second drive motor 403 , and a Z-axis second drive shaft 409 is provided on the Z-axis second drive shaft 409 in a circumferential direction and in an axially slidable manner. The drive bushing 4011, the Z-axis second drive bevel gear 405 is arranged in a transmission fit on the Z-axis second drive bushing 4011, and the Z-axis second drive bush is applied to the Z-axis second driven bevel gear. Tightening force; this structure is similar to the structure of the Y-axis first drive shaft sleeve and the Y-axis first drive shaft shown in the figure, and will not be repeated here;

The Z-axis first drive shaft 408 and the Z-axis second drive shaft 409 are both parallel to the Y-axis direction, and have a similar effect of canceling the Y-axis motion as the Y-axis drive assembly;

The structure of the Z-axis moving assembly is similar to the structure of the Y-axis moving assembly. The preload is applied by the cylindrical spring 4014, except that the Z-axis first drive motor and the Z-axis first drive motor of the Z-axis moving assembly are arranged on the X-axis carriage , to avoid the transmission vibration of the motor directly acting on the Z-axis carriage, so as to avoid affecting the transmission accuracy.

In this embodiment, the basic structure 1 is provided with an X-axis screw seat for rotating and supporting the screw 201 of the X-axis ball screw assembly, and the X-axis screw seat is located at the bottom of the X-axis ball screw assembly. The outer end of the lead screw is used to rotate and support the lead screw; the X-axis carriage is provided with a Y-axis lead screw seat for rotating and supporting the lead screw 301 of the Y-axis ball screw assembly; the Y-axis carriage There is a Z-axis screw seat for rotating and supporting the screw 401 of the Z-axis ball screw assembly; similarly, the Y-axis screw seat is located at the outer end of the screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly and is used for Rotate the support screw, the Z-axis screw seat is located at the outer end of the screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly and is used to rotate the support screw; this structure enables the screw to have a stable support structure to ensure that it can withstand radial loads. It does not affect the transmission accuracy; the X-axis screw seat can support the X-axis screw through rolling bearings, and can be installed on the basic structure with a detachable structure, while the Y-axis screw seat and the Z-axis screw seat are supported by their own rolling bearings. The Y-axis lead screw and the Z-axis lead screw are integrally formed or detachably arranged on the corresponding X-axis carriage and Y-axis carriage, which will not be repeated here.

In this embodiment, the X-axis drive assembly further includes an X-axis drive motor seat for installing the X-axis first drive motor and the X-axis second drive motor (there are two X-axis drive motor seats, corresponding to the installation of the X-axis The first drive motor 202 and the X-axis second drive motor 203, which will not be repeated here), the X-axis drive motor seat is independent of the basic structure, that is, the X-axis first drive motor and the X-axis drive motor are connected outside the basic structure. The second drive motor of the shaft is fixed. As shown in the figure, the motor is fixed by an independent foundation and bracket, that is, the motor base includes a support frame 209 and a motor bracket 2010, and the fixing method adopts the existing mechanical fixing method such as welding, bolt fixing, etc. That is, to avoid the direct transmission of vibration to the carriage, to ensure the final transmission and processing accuracy; of course, each motor is provided with a drive motor seat, which will not be repeated here;

The Y-axis drive assembly also includes a Y-axis drive motor seat for installing the Y-axis first drive motor and the Y-axis second drive motor (there are two Y-axis drive motor seats, respectively corresponding to the installation of the Y-axis first drive motor 302 . and Y-axis second drive motor 303, which will not be repeated here), the Y-axis drive motor base is independent of the basic structure; as shown in the figure, the Y-axis drive motor base includes a support frame 3018 and a motor bracket 3019, The fixing method can use the existing mechanical fixing methods such as welding, bolt fixing, etc., so as to avoid the direct transmission of vibration to the carriage, and ensure the final transmission and processing accuracy; of course, each motor is provided with a drive motor seat, which is no longer here. Repeat.

The Z-axis drive assembly also includes a Z-axis drive motor seat for installing the Z-axis first drive motor and the Z-axis second drive motor (there are two Z-axis drive motor seats, respectively corresponding to the installation of the Z-axis first drive motor 402 . and Z-axis second drive motor 403, which will not be repeated here), the Z-axis drive motor base is fixed on the X-axis carriage; as shown in the figure, the Z-axis drive motor base includes a support frame 4018 and a motor bracket 4019, the existing mechanical fixing methods such as welding, bolting, etc. can be used for the fixing method, so as to avoid the direct transmission of vibration to the carriage and ensure the final transmission and processing accuracy; of course, each motor is provided with a drive motor seat, here No further description; the structure and function are to reduce the vibration transmission chain and avoid affecting the machining accuracy.

In this embodiment, the X-axis drive assembly further includes an X-axis gear box 208 that is fixedly arranged (the fixing method is the existing mechanical fixing method, generally bolted) to the basic structure 1. The X-axis first driving gear 204. The X-axis second driving gear 205, the X-axis first driven gear 206 and the X-axis second driven gear 207 are all located in the X-axis gearbox, and the X-axis screw seat can be arranged in the X-axis gearbox, It can also be directly formed by the side wall of the X-axis gearbox, which will not be repeated here; the Y-axis drive assembly also includes a fixed setting (the fixing method is the existing mechanical fixing method, generally bolted) on the X-axis carriage. Y-axis gearbox 3017, the Y-axis first driving bevel gear 304, the Y-axis second driving bevel gear 305, the Y-axis first driven bevel gear 306 and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear 307 are all located in the Y-axis In the shaft gear box, the Y-axis screw seat can be arranged in the Y-axis gear box, or can be directly formed by the side wall of the Y-axis gear box, which will not be repeated here; the Z-axis drive assembly also includes a fixed setting (the fixing method is The existing mechanical fixing method is generally bolted) to the Z-axis gearbox 4017 of the Y-axis carriage. The Z-axis first driving gear 404, the Z-axis second driving gear 405, and the Z-axis first driven gear 406 The Z-axis second driven gear 407 and the Z-axis second driven gear 407 are both located in the Z-axis gearbox. The Z-axis screw seat can be disposed in the Z-axis gearbox, or can be directly formed by the side wall of the Z-axis gearbox, which will not be repeated here.

In this embodiment, the Y-axis first drive shaft 308 , the Y-axis second drive shaft 309 , the Z-axis first drive shaft 408 and the Z-axis second drive shaft 409 are respectively provided with a plurality of outer circles arranged in the circumferential direction. The cross-section is an arc-shaped axial outer groove, and the inner circles of the Y-axis first drive sleeve 3010, the Y-axis second drive sleeve 3011, the Z-axis first drive sleeve 4010 and the Z-axis second drive sleeve 4011 are respectively A plurality of axial inner grooves with arc-shaped cross-sections arranged along the circumferential direction are provided. After the shaft sleeve is correspondingly sleeved on the Y-axis first drive shaft, the Y-axis second drive shaft, the Z-axis first drive shaft and the Z-axis second drive shaft, the axial inner grooves correspond to the axial outer grooves one-to-one There are a plurality of balls 3012 (4012) placed between them; as shown in the figure, the arc-shaped axial outer groove and the arc-shaped axial inner groove are used to form a circular track for accommodating the balls after matching, which is conducive to forming a small gap Or no clearance fit, and the arrangement of multiple balls is conducive to ensuring the stability of the transmission;

The structure of axial reciprocating sliding is realized by ball matching, which is conducive to eliminating the matching gap in the circumferential direction and ensuring the accuracy of transmission. At the same time, the relative sliding in the axial direction is relatively smooth.

In this embodiment, between the Y-axis first drive shaft 308 and the Y-axis first drive shaft sleeve 3010 , between the Y-axis second drive shaft 309 and the Y-axis second drive shaft sleeve 3011 , the Z-axis first drive shaft Between the drive shaft 408 and the Z-axis first drive shaft sleeve 4010 and between the Z-axis second drive shaft 409 and the Z-axis second drive shaft sleeve 4011 are respectively provided holding sleeves 3013 (4013) for holding the balls; As shown in the figure, the retaining sleeve is a shaft-shaped hollow sleeve, and the side wall is provided with a round hole for matching with the ball; as shown in the figure, taking the Y-axis structure as an example, the entire retaining sleeve is located on the first drive shaft of the Y-axis and the first drive shaft of the Y-axis. Between a driving bushing, the balls used to keep the same track do not interfere; of course, the end of the Y-axis first driving bushing 3010 (Z-axis is 4010) in this structure forms a blocking cover 3015 (4015) for The inner cavity of the first drive shaft sleeve of the Y-axis is sealed, and at the same time, a packing cavity for sealing the lubricating grease is provided, and a sealing packing 3016 (4016) is filled in it, preferably carbon fiber.

In this embodiment, the horizontal rotation component 5 is arranged on the basic structure, and the vertical rotation component is arranged on the rotation output part of the horizontal rotation component to form a turning platform, thereby forming horizontal rotation (around the horizontal axis) and vertical rotation (around the horizontal axis) vertical axis) two degrees of freedom; wherein the horizontal rotation component includes a horizontal rotation component and a horizontal rotation table, and the horizontal rotation component includes a horizontal rotation axis and a horizontal rotation drive component;

The horizontal rotating shaft 501 is rotatably arranged on the base structure, and its end is provided with a horizontal rotating platform for installing the vertical rotating assembly;

The horizontal swivel drive assembly 5 adopts a structure similar to that of the X-axis drive assembly, that is, it includes a horizontal swivel first drive assembly and a horizontal swivel second drive assembly;

The first horizontal rotation drive assembly includes a first horizontal rotation driving motor 502, a first horizontal rotation driving gear 504 driven by the first horizontal rotation driving motor, and a first horizontal rotation driven gear 506 meshing with the first horizontal rotation driving gear;

The horizontally rotating second driving assembly includes a horizontally rotating second driving motor 503, a horizontally rotating second driving gear 505 driven by the horizontally rotating second driving motor, and a horizontally rotating second driven gear 507 meshing with the horizontally rotating second driving gear;

The horizontal rotation first drive motor 502 and the horizontal rotation second drive motor 503 are provided independently of the basic structure; as shown in the figure, the horizontal rotation drive assembly also includes a horizontal rotation first drive motor 502 and a horizontal rotation The horizontal rotation driving motor base for rotating the second driving motor 503 (there are two horizontal rotation driving motor bases, corresponding to the installation of the horizontal rotation first driving motor 502 and the horizontal rotation second driving motor 503, which will not be repeated here). The horizontal rotary drive motor base is fixed outside the basic structure; as shown in the figure, the horizontal rotary drive motor base includes a support frame 509 and a motor bracket 5010, and the fixing method adopts the existing mechanical fixing methods such as welding, bolt fixing, etc. Avoid the direct transmission of vibration to the carriage to ensure the final transmission and machining accuracy; of course, each motor is provided with a drive motor seat, which will not be repeated here; the structure and function are to reduce the vibration transmission chain and avoid affecting the machining accuracy

When the horizontal rotation first driving motor 502 drives the horizontal rotation shaft 501 to rotate in one direction through the horizontal rotation first driving gear 504 and the horizontal rotation first driven gear 504, the horizontal rotation shaft second driving motor 503 passes the horizontal rotation shaft 501. The second driving gear 505 of the rotating shaft 501 and the second driven gear 507 of the horizontal rotating shaft form resistance in the opposite direction to eliminate backlash;

And, when the horizontally rotating second driving motor drives the horizontally rotating shaft to rotate in the other direction through the horizontally rotating second driving gear and the horizontally rotating second driven gear, the horizontally rotating first driving motor is driven by the horizontally rotating first driving motor. The gear and the first driven gear of horizontal rotation form resistance in the opposite direction to eliminate the backlash;

The horizontally rotating first driving gear, the horizontally rotating first driven gear, the horizontally rotating second driving gear and the horizontally rotating second driven gear are generally bevel gears, which have good vibration reduction adaptation characteristics.

And the horizontal rotation first driven gear 506 and the horizontal rotation second driven gear 507 are arranged on the horizontal rotation shaft 501 in a transmission and cooperation manner in a manner of opposite gear teeth (it can also be driven and matched with the horizontal rotation shaft 501 through an intermediate transmission shaft. This will not be repeated here), the horizontal rotation first driving gear and the horizontal rotation second driving gear are arranged on both sides of the horizontal rotation; the structure of bevel gear transmission is adopted, which is conducive to interrupting and eliminating the transmission of vibration, and has the adaptability of the transmission process ;The gear teeth of the first driven gear of horizontal rotation and the second driven gear of horizontal rotation are opposite, which can offset the axial component force generated in the transmission process, thereby balancing the excess external force and ensuring the stability of transmission; the horizontal rotation first driven gear The drive gear and the horizontal rotating second drive gear are arranged on both sides of the structure, which is conducive to the arrangement of the overall structure and is conducive to ensuring the balance of force transmission;

The horizontal slewing drive assembly also includes a horizontal slewing gear box 508 fixedly arranged (the fixing method is the existing mechanical fixing method, generally bolted) on the basic structure 1, the horizontal slewing first driving gear 504, the horizontal slewing No. 1 The second driving gear 505, the first driven gear 506 for horizontal rotation and the second driven gear 507 for horizontal rotation are all located in the horizontal rotation gearbox. The sidewall of the gear box is formed, which will not be repeated here;

Generally, the vertical rotation component can be directly controlled by a servo motor in the prior art, and the vertical rotation structure also belongs to the prior art, which will not be repeated here.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be Modifications or equivalent substitutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a five-axis high-precision machining system of split drive, is characterized in that: comprise basic structure, X-axis moving assembly, Y-axis moving assembly, Z-axis moving assembly, horizontal rotation assembly and vertical rotation assembly; The X-axis moving assembly includes an X-axis carriage assembly and an X-axis driving assembly; The X-axis carriage assembly is arranged on the basic structure, and the X-axis carriage assembly includes an X-axis carriage and an X-axis ball screw assembly for driving the carriage to reciprocate along the X-axis on the basic structure; the X-axis carriage The lead screw of the shaft ball screw assembly is driven to rotate by the X-axis drive assembly; The X-axis drive assembly includes an X-axis first drive assembly and an X-axis second drive assembly; The X-axis first drive assembly includes an X-axis first drive motor, an X-axis first drive gear, and an X-axis first driven gear that is matched with the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly and meshes with the X-axis first drive gear ; The X-axis second drive assembly includes an X-axis second drive motor, an X-axis second drive gear driven by the X-axis second drive motor, and the X-axis ball screw assembly in cooperation with the X-axis second drive gear. The meshed X-axis second driven gear; The X-axis first drive motor and the X-axis second drive motor are provided independently of the basic structure; When the X-axis first drive motor drives the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the X-axis first driving gear and the X-axis first driven gear, the X-axis second drive motor passes the X-axis The second driving gear and the second driven gear of the X-axis form resistance in the opposite direction to eliminate backlash; And, when the X-axis second drive motor drives the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in another direction through the X-axis second drive gear and the X-axis second driven gear, the X-axis first drive motor The resistance is formed in the opposite direction through the first driving gear of the X-axis and the first driven gear of the X-axis to eliminate the backlash. 2 . The five-axis high-precision machining system with split transmission according to claim 1 , wherein: the X-axis first driving gear, the X-axis first driven gear, the X-axis second driving gear and the X-axis The second driven gears are all bevel gears, and the X-axis first driven gear and the X-axis second driven gear are arranged on the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly in a manner of opposite gear teeth. The first drive gear of the axis and the second drive gear of the X axis are arranged on both sides of the lead screw of the X axis ball screw assembly. 3. The five-axis high-precision machining system of split transmission according to claim 1, wherein the Y-axis moving assembly comprises a Y-axis carriage assembly and a Y-axis drive assembly; The Y-axis carriage assembly is located on the carriage of the X-axis carriage assembly; the Y-axis carriage assembly includes a Y-axis carriage and a carriage for driving the carriage to reciprocate along the Y circle on the carriage of the X-axis carriage assembly The Y-axis ball screw assembly; the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly is driven to rotate by the Y-axis drive assembly; the Y-axis drive assembly includes a Y-axis first drive assembly and a Y-axis second drive assembly; The Y-axis first drive assembly includes a Y-axis first drive motor, a Y-axis first drive bevel gear, and a Y-axis first slave drive that cooperates with the screw drive of the Y-axis ball screw assembly and meshes with the Y-axis first drive bevel gear. moving bevel gear; The Y-axis second drive assembly includes a Y-axis second drive motor, a Y-axis second drive bevel gear driven by the Y-axis second drive motor, and a Y-axis ball screw assembly in cooperation with the lead screw drive and with the Y-axis second drive motor. The second driven bevel gear of the Y-axis meshed by the bevel gear; The Y-axis first drive motor and the Y-axis second drive motor are provided independently of the basic structure; When the Y-axis first drive motor drives the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the Y-axis first drive bevel gear and the Y-axis first driven bevel gear, the Y-axis second drive motor passes through the Y-axis. The Y-axis second drive bevel gear and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear form resistance in the opposite direction to eliminate backlash; And, when the Y-axis second drive motor drives the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in another direction through the Y-axis second driving bevel gear and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear, the Y-axis first The drive motor forms resistance in the opposite direction through the first driving bevel gear of the Y-axis and the first driven bevel gear of the Y-axis to eliminate the backlash; A Y-axis first drive shaft is provided in cooperation with the Y-axis first drive motor, and a Y-axis first drive shaft sleeve is provided on the Y-axis first drive shaft in a circumferential direction and axially slidable manner , the Y-axis first drive bevel gear is driven to fit on the Y-axis first drive sleeve, and the Y-axis first drive sleeve is applied with a pre-tightening force to the Y-axis first driven bevel gear; A Y-axis second drive shaft is provided in cooperation with the Y-axis second drive motor, and a Y-axis second drive shaft sleeve is arranged on the Y-axis second drive shaft in a circumferential direction and axially slidable. , the Y-axis second drive bevel gear is driven to fit on the Y-axis second drive sleeve, and the Y-axis second drive sleeve is applied with a pre-tightening force to the Y-axis second driven bevel gear; The Y-axis first drive shaft and the Y-axis second drive shaft are both parallel to the X-axis direction. 4 . The five-axis high-precision machining system with split transmission according to claim 3 , wherein the first driven bevel gear of the Y-axis and the second driven bevel gear of the Y-axis are arranged in a manner that the gear teeth are opposite to each other. 5 . For the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly, the Y-axis first drive bevel gear and the Y-axis second drive bevel gear are arranged on both sides of the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly. 5. The five-axis high-precision machining system with split transmission according to claim 3, wherein the Z-axis moving assembly comprises a Z-axis carriage assembly and a Z-axis driving assembly; The Z-axis carriage assembly is located on the carriage of the Y-axis carriage assembly; the Z-axis carriage assembly includes a Z-axis carriage and a Z-axis carriage for driving the Z-axis carriage to reciprocate along the Z-axis on the Y-axis carriage. A-axis ball screw assembly; the lead screw of the Z-axis ball screw assembly is driven to rotate by a Z-axis drive assembly; the Z-axis drive assembly includes a Z-axis first drive assembly and a Z-axis second drive assembly; The Z-axis first drive assembly includes a Z-axis first drive motor, a Z-axis first drive bevel gear, and a Z-axis first slave drive that cooperates with the Z-axis ball screw assembly and meshes with the Z-axis first drive bevel gear. moving bevel gear; The Z-axis second drive assembly includes a Z-axis second drive motor, a Z-axis second drive bevel gear driven by the Z-axis second drive motor, and a Z-axis ball screw assembly in cooperation with the Z-axis second drive motor. The Z-axis second driven gear meshed by the gear; The Z-axis first drive motor and the Z-axis second drive motor are arranged on the X-axis carriage; When the Z-axis first drive motor drives the lead screw of the Z-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the Z-axis first driving gear and the Z-axis first driven gear, the Z-axis second drive motor rotates through the Z-axis The second driving gear and the Z-axis second driven gear form resistance in the opposite direction to eliminate backlash; When the Z-axis second drive motor drives the lead screw of the Z-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in the other direction through the Z-axis second driving gear and the Z-axis second driven gear, the Z-axis first drive motor passes through the Z-axis. The first driving gear of the axis and the first driven gear of the Z axis form resistance in the opposite direction to eliminate the backlash; A Z-axis first drive shaft is arranged in cooperation with the Z-axis first drive motor, and a Z-axis first drive shaft sleeve is provided on the Z-axis first drive shaft in a circumferential direction and axially slidable manner , the Z-axis first driving bevel gear is arranged in cooperation with the Z-axis first driving bushing, and the Z-axis first driving bushing is applied with a pre-tightening force to the Z-axis first driven bevel gear; A Z-axis second drive shaft is provided in cooperation with the Z-axis second drive motor, and a Z-axis second drive shaft sleeve is arranged on the Z-axis second drive shaft in a circumferential direction and axially slidable manner , the Z-axis second driving bevel gear is driven and arranged on the Z-axis second driving bushing, and the Z-axis second driving bushing is applied with a pre-tightening force to the Z-axis second driven bevel gear; The Z-axis first drive shaft and the Z-axis second drive shaft are both parallel to the Y-axis direction. 6 . The five-axis high-precision machining system with split transmission according to claim 5 , wherein the basic structure is provided with an X-axis lead screw for rotating and supporting the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly. 7 . The X-axis carriage is provided with a Y-axis screw seat for rotating and supporting the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly; the Y-axis carriage is provided with a rotatable support for the Z-axis ball screw Z-axis screw seat of the screw of the screw assembly. 7 . The five-axis high-precision machining system with split drive according to claim 5 , wherein the X-axis drive assembly further comprises an X-axis for installing the X-axis first drive motor and the X-axis second drive motor. 8 . an axis drive motor base, the X-axis drive motor base is independent of the basic structure; The Y-axis drive assembly further includes a Y-axis drive motor seat for installing the Y-axis first drive motor and the Y-axis second drive motor, and the Y-axis drive motor seat is independent of the basic structure; The Z-axis drive assembly further includes a Z-axis drive motor seat for installing the Z-axis first drive motor and the Z-axis second drive motor, and the Z-axis drive motor seat is fixed to the X-axis carriage. 8 . The five-axis high-precision machining system with split transmission according to claim 6 , wherein the X-axis drive assembly further comprises an X-axis gearbox arranged on the basic structure, and the X-axis first driving gear , X-axis second driving gear, X-axis first driven gear and X-axis second driven gear are all located in the X-axis gearbox; the Y-axis drive assembly also includes a Y-axis arranged on the X-axis carriage a gear box, the Y-axis first driving bevel gear, the Y-axis second driving bevel gear, the Y-axis first driven bevel gear and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear are all located in the Y-axis gear box; the The Z-axis drive assembly further includes a Z-axis gearbox arranged on the Y-axis carriage, the Z-axis first driving gear, the Z-axis second driving gear, the Z-axis first driven gear and the Z-axis second driven gear are all located in the Z-axis gearbox. 9 . The five-axis high-precision machining system with split transmission according to claim 6 , wherein the Y-axis first drive shaft, the Y-axis second drive shaft, the Z-axis first drive shaft and the Z-axis first drive shaft The outer circles of the two drive shafts are respectively provided with a plurality of axial outer grooves with arc-shaped cross-sections arranged along the circumferential direction. The Y-axis first drive sleeve, the Y-axis second drive sleeve, and the Z-axis first drive sleeve The inner circle of the Z-axis and the second drive shaft sleeve are respectively provided with a plurality of axial inner grooves with arc-shaped cross-sections arranged along the circumferential direction. The Y-axis first drive shaft sleeve, the Y-axis second drive shaft sleeve, the Z-axis After the first drive shaft sleeve and the Z-axis second drive shaft sleeve are correspondingly sleeved on the Y-axis first drive shaft, the Y-axis second drive shaft, the Z-axis first drive shaft, and the Z-axis second drive shaft, the shaft The inward grooves are matched with the axial outward grooves one-to-one, and a plurality of balls are placed between them. 10 . The five-axis high-precision machining system with split transmission according to claim 9 , wherein: between the Y-axis first drive shaft and the Y-axis first drive bushing, the Y-axis second drive shaft and the second drive shaft sleeve of the Y axis, between the first drive shaft of the Z axis and the first drive shaft sleeve of the Z axis, and between the second drive shaft of the Z axis and the second drive shaft sleeve of the Z axis The retaining sleeve for the balls described above.

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