CN111749814B - Cross-medium dual-mode ramjet based on metal fuel and control method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a cross-medium dual-mode ramjet engine based on metal fuel and a control method. The engine can be freely switched between two modes by adopting the air inlet channel and the water inlet pipe which comprise the valve. The preset oxidant storage tank provides oxidant for the afterburning chamber in the mode conversion stage, so that the continuous supply of thrust in the mode conversion process of the engine in the water inlet and outlet stage is ensured, the stalling of the navigation body in the medium crossing process can be effectively avoided, the high-speed water inlet and outlet process of the medium crossing navigation body is realized, and the reliability of the navigation body is greatly improved.

Description

A metal-fuel-based dual-mode ramjet engine and its control method

technical field

The invention relates to a metal fuel-based cross-medium dual-mode ramjet engine and a control method, and belongs to the technical field of cross-medium navigation power.

Background technique

Entering the 21st century, the tasks and exploration activities performed by humans relying on unmanned aerial vehicles have become increasingly diversified. There are two types of unmanned aerial vehicles commonly used in modern times: unmanned aerial vehicles and underwater unmanned submersibles. However, the single navigation mode of traditional UAVs is often difficult to cope with the complex and changeable natural environment.

The air-sea cross-medium vehicle adopts the third flight mode that combines high-speed flight in the whole airspace and high-speed underwater diving. By using (multiple) switching between air and underwater navigation, it can greatly improve the performance of the vehicle in the face of various complex situations. coping ability. At present, the existing air-sea cross-medium vehicles are generally propelled by a solid rocket motor to boost the vehicle to the target airspace, and then decelerate into the water with the help of a parachute, and then the underwater propulsion system provides thrust to complete the navigation task. However, the solid rocket motor has a short working time, which greatly reduces the improvement space for the voyage. At the same time, it is difficult for traditional trans-medium vehicles to switch between different propulsion systems, and accidents are prone to occur during the process of unpowered deceleration into the water. Therefore, in order to improve the long-distance navigation capability of the air-sea cross-medium vehicle and enhance the flexibility of navigation, a cross-media dynamic system that can maintain high-speed navigation in the air and underwater and has the ability to enter and exit the water multiple times is designed. significant.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the defect that the flexibility and maneuverability of the current single-medium vehicle is not strong enough, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a metal-fuel-based cross-medium dual-mode ramjet and a control method, which can meet the requirements of two different working modes in the air and underwater. It can achieve high-speed navigation in the air and underwater of the vehicle, and at the same time, it can realize air-water mode conversion, provide continuous thrust during the entry and exit of the vehicle, and greatly improve the reliability of the power system.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved as follows: it includes a water inlet pipeline, a preset oxidant storage device, an air intake device and an engine main body. The engine main body includes a gas generator, a supplementary combustion chamber communicated with the gas generator, and is arranged in the supplementary combustion chamber. The tail nozzle at the end is provided with a metal-based solid propellant in the gas generator. The water inlet pipeline includes a main water inlet pipe, a water inlet pipe buffer chamber connected with the main water inlet pipe, a primary water inlet pipe connected with the water inlet pipe buffer chamber and The ends of the secondary water inlet pipe, the primary water inlet pipe and the secondary water inlet pipe are respectively connected with the supplementary combustion chamber, and a water inlet pipe spherical valve is arranged on the pipeline, and the end surface of the preset oxidant storage device is provided with a preset oxidant discharge pipe. The number of oxidant discharge pipes is equal to the total number of primary water inlet pipes and secondary water inlet pipes. The oxidant storage tank spherical valve, the air intake device comprises an intake pipe symmetrically arranged on the outer surface of the supplementary combustion chamber along the circumferential direction, and an intake port spherical valve arranged on the intake pipe.

The present invention also includes such structural features:

1. There are four primary water inlet pipes and four secondary water inlet pipes respectively and are arranged alternately, and the length of the secondary water inlet pipe is greater than that of the primary water inlet pipe.

2. The gas generator includes the front head of the gas generator, the cylinder of the gas generator and the nozzle of the gas generator, which are connected in sequence. The metal-based solid propellant is connected to the front head of the gas generator through the front support of the grain column; afterburning The chamber includes a front cover of the supplementary combustion chamber connected with the nozzle pipe of the gas generator, and a barrel of the supplementary combustion chamber connected to the front cover of the supplementary combustion chamber; The expansion section of the tail nozzle connected to the convergent section of the nozzle.

3. The preset oxidant storage device includes the preset oxidant storage tank front cover, the preset oxidant storage tank cylinder, the preset oxidant storage tank rear cover, and the preset oxidant discharge pipe is connected with the opening on the preset oxidant storage tank rear cover .

4. There are four air intake pipes.

5. A control method for a metal-fuel-based cross-media dual-mode ramjet, the control process is as follows:

(1) Air ramming stage: the main water inlet pipe, primary water inlet pipe, secondary water inlet pipe and the preset oxidant storage tank do not work, and the air entering the air inlet reacts with the gas generated by the gas generator to generate thrust;

(2) Water entry stage: the main water inlet pipe and the air inlet do not work, the oxidant in the preset oxidant storage tank enters the supplementary combustion chamber through the primary water inlet pipe and the secondary water inlet pipe and reacts with the gas generated by the gas generator to generate thrust;

(3) Water ramming stage: the air inlet and the preset oxidant storage tank do not work, the seawater enters the supplementary combustion chamber through the water inlet pipe, the primary water inlet pipe and the secondary water inlet pipe, and reacts with the gas generated by the gas generator to generate thrust;

(4) Acceleration stage of water outlet: the main water inlet pipe and the air inlet pipe do not work, the oxidant in the preset oxidant storage tank enters the supplementary combustion chamber through the primary water inlet pipe and the secondary water inlet pipe again and reacts with the gas generated by the gas generator to generate thrust. When the vehicle accelerates to the speed required for air ramming, the primary water inlet pipe, the secondary water inlet pipe and the preset oxidant storage tank stop working, the air inlet port starts to work, and the engine returns to the air ramming stage.

(5) Return to the air ram stage: the engine re-enters the air ram mode; after the water outlet of the vehicle is accelerated to reach the speed required by the air ram, the water inlet pipe ball valve: and the oxidant storage tank ball valve are closed, and the intake port ball valve is opened. , the engine returns to the air ram mode and continues to generate thrust.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the four different working stages involved in the metal-fuel-based cross-media dual-mode ramjet engine provided by the present invention can be cycled in sequence after starting, and can realize The cross-media navigation of the air vehicle avoids the opponent's anti-missile system as much as possible, and greatly improves the success rate of combat missions.

The present invention has the following advantages:

The invention provides a metal-fuel-based cross-media dual-mode ramjet, which uses an aluminum-based or aluminum-magnesium alloy solid propellant that can react with air and water at the same time as a fuel, and combines a solid air ramjet with a solid water ramjet. , to achieve the goal of continuous supply of thrust for a single propulsion system in both air and underwater working environments, and to meet the requirements of continuous high-speed navigation of the vehicle in the air and underwater. Aiming at the problem that the external air or seawater cannot be supplied to the supplementary combustion chamber in a short time during the process of crossing the medium to maintain combustion, a scheme of setting a preset oxidant inside the vehicle is proposed to ensure the continuous supply of thrust during the process of crossing the medium.

In the air ram stage, the engine enters the air ram mode to provide thrust for the vehicle. Since the propellant reacts with the air in the atmosphere, there is no need to carry an oxidant in the propellant, which greatly reduces the occupation of the interior space of the vehicle and reduces the weight of the vehicle.

In the air-water mode conversion stage, the air and seawater cannot enter the supplementary combustion chamber to react with the propellant in a short time. The present invention adopts the scheme of reacting the preset oxidant and the propellant to generate thrust, so as to ensure the thrust in the process of entering and leaving the water. continuous supply. The preset oxidant can be water, liquid oxygen or hydrogen peroxide and other oxidants.

During the water ram stage, the engine enters the water ram mode. Seawater enters the supplementary combustion chamber through the water inlet pipeline and reacts with the propellant. Due to the excessive water inflow in the water stamping stage, the amount of water inflow is greater than the chemical equivalence ratio of the aluminum-water reaction, so a single water inflow is likely to cause the engine to stall. In order to solve this problem, the present invention adopts the scheme of secondary water feeding. The primary water feeding is mainly used for the reaction and exothermic. While the secondary water feeding continues the reaction, the excess seawater absorbs the heat released by the reaction and vaporizes into gas, which is then converted into gas with the subsequent reaction. The reaction products are ejected from the tail nozzle to do work and generate thrust.

In the water-air mode conversion stage, the external seawater injection is stopped, and the preset oxidant is restarted to be injected into the supplementary combustion chamber for reaction. After the sailing body exits the water, the preset oxidant is continuously supplied, and the sailing body enters the acceleration stage. When the flight speed of the vehicle reaches the air ram requirements, the supply of the preset oxidant is stopped, the intake port starts to work, and the engine returns to the air ram mode.

Description of drawings

1 is a perspective view of a metal-fuel-based cross-media dual-mode ramjet engine of the present invention;

2 is a cross-sectional view of a metal-fuel-based dual-mode ramjet engine of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional view between the preset oxidant storage tank and the gas generator;

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the supplementary combustion chamber B-B;

Among them, 1- gas generator, 2- supplementary combustion chamber, 3- tail nozzle, 4- preset oxidant storage tank, 5- main water inlet pipe, 6- primary water inlet pipe, 7- secondary water inlet pipe, 8- pre-installation Oxidant discharge pipe, 9-inlet port, 10-inlet pipe ball valve I, 11-metal-based solid propellant, 12-inlet pipe buffer chamber, 13-oxidant storage tank ball valve, 14-inlet port ball valve, 15- front support of grain column, 16- ball valve II of water inlet pipe, 17- front cover of preset oxidant storage tank, 18- cylinder of preset oxidant storage tank, 19- rear cover of preset oxidant storage tank, 20- gas generator Front head, 21-gas generator cylinder, 22-gas generator nozzle, 23-supplementary combustion chamber front cover, 24-supplementary combustion chamber cylinder, 25- tail nozzle convergence section, 26- tail nozzle expansion section.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

1 and 2, a metal fuel-based cross-media dual-mode ramjet engine provided by the present invention includes a water inlet pipeline, a preset oxidant storage device, an air intake device and an engine body arranged in sequence.

The water inlet pipeline includes the main water inlet pipe 5, the water inlet pipe buffer chamber 12, the primary water inlet pipe 6, the secondary water inlet pipe 7, the water inlet pipe ball valve I10, the water inlet pipe ball valve II 16 and the oxidant storage tank ball valve 13. One side of the main water inlet pipe 5 is connected to the opening in the center of the buffer chamber 12 of the water inlet pipe. One end of the four primary water inlet pipes 6 and four secondary water inlet pipes 7 is connected to the eight openings on the side of the buffer chamber 12 of the water inlet pipe, and the other end is connected to the eight openings on the side of the supplementary combustion chamber 2 . The preset oxidant discharge pipe 8 connects the preset oxidant storage tank with the primary water inlet pipe 6 and the secondary water inlet pipe 7, and the oxidant storage tank spherical valve 13 for opening and closing the pipeline is provided at the connection. The connections between all parts of the water inlet pipeline are threaded.

The preset oxidant storage device includes a preset oxidant storage tank 4 and a preset oxidant discharge pipe 8; the preset oxidant storage tank front cover 17, the preset oxidant storage tank cylinder 18 and the preset oxidant storage tank rear cover 19 are connected and assembled in sequence It becomes the pre-oxidant storage tank 4. The connections between all components of the pre-installed oxidant storage tank 4 are flange connections. That is, the front cover (17) of the preset oxidant storage tank, the rear cover (19) of the preset oxidant storage tank and the cylinder body (18) of the preset oxidant storage tank are connected by flanges; ) has eight openings arranged in a ring shape along the central axis, and eight preset oxidant discharge pipes (8) are connected with the preset oxidant storage tank back cover (19) through threads at the opening;

The intake device includes an intake port 9 and an intake port spherical valve 14, which are mainly used to collect air in the atmosphere during the air ramming stage.

The engine body includes a gas generator 1 , a metal-based solid propellant 11 , a propellant 15 in front of the grain, a supplementary combustion chamber 2 and a tail nozzle 3 .

The gas generator front head 20 , the gas generator cylinder 21 and the gas generator nozzle 22 are sequentially combined to form the gas generator 1 . The supplementary combustion chamber front cover 23 and the supplementary combustion chamber cylinder 24 are sequentially combined to form the supplementary combustion chamber 2 . The connections between all the components of the gas generator 1 and the supplementary combustion chamber 2 are flange connections. The metal-based solid propellant 11 is embedded in the cylinder body 21 of the gas generator, and is connected to the front head 20 of the gas generator through the front support member 15 of the grain column. One end of the supplementary combustion chamber front cover (23) is connected with the gas generator nozzle (22) by a thread, and the other end is connected with the supplementary combustion chamber cylinder (24) by a flange; the air inlet (9) is connected to the supplementary combustion chamber The sides of the cylinder (24) are connected by flanges.

The tail nozzle converging section 25 and the tail nozzle expansion section 26 are sequentially combined to form the tail nozzle 3 . One end of the tail nozzle converging section 25 is connected to the cylinder body 24 of the supplementary combustion chamber through a flange, and the other end is connected to the tail nozzle expansion section 26 through a thread.

Referring to FIG. 4 , the rear cover 19 of the preset oxidant storage tank has eight openings arranged in a ring shape along the central axis, and the eight preset oxidant discharge pipes 8 are threaded at the openings and the rear cover 19 of the preset oxidant storage tank is threaded. connect.

The invention adopts the scheme of secondary combustion. After self-sustained combustion in the gas generator, the high-temperature metal droplets enter the supplementary combustion chamber and then react with the oxidant, thereby greatly improving the combustion efficiency of the propellant. When the supply of water/air is stopped in the transitional stage of water entry/exit, the method of providing a preset oxidant is adopted to ensure that the engine provides continuous thrust, and the aircraft can continue to sail at high speed. In the transition stage of water entry/exit, the provided preset oxidant is water, liquid oxygen or hydrogen peroxide and other oxidants. The supplementary combustion chamber adopts the method of entering water twice to ensure that the aluminum particles in the high-temperature gas of the propellant and the seawater are fully mixed and burned.

A control method for a metal-fuel-based cross-media dual-mode ramjet, comprising:

1. In the air ram stage, the engine is in the air ram mode; the metal-based solid propellant 11 in the gas generator 1 continues to burn, producing high-temperature and high-pressure gas that carries a large number of unburned aluminum particles, and enters through the gas generator nozzle 22 Supplementary combustion chamber 2; water inlet pipe ball valve I10, water inlet pipe ball valve II 16 and oxidant storage tank ball valve 13 are closed, and the water inlet pipe does not work; the air inlet ball valve 14 is opened, and the air inlet is in a working state; the air ram passes through The intake port enters the supplementary combustion chamber and reacts with the gas entering the supplementary combustion chamber through the gas generator nozzle 22, and the gas generated by the combustion is discharged outward through the expansion section 26 of the tail nozzle to generate a driving force.

2. In the water entry stage, the engine is in the air-water mode conversion stage; the gas generator 1 generates continuous high temperature and high pressure gas carrying a large number of unburned aluminum particles, and the gas enters the supplementary combustion chamber 2 through the gas generator nozzle 22; The air port ball valve 14 is closed, and the air inlet port stops working; the water inlet pipe ball valve II 16 remains closed; the water inlet pipe ball valve I10 and the oxidant storage tank ball valve 13 are opened; the preset oxidant is pressurized and enters the supplementary combustion through the water inlet pipe. The chamber 2 reacts with the gas entering the supplementary combustion chamber through the gas generator nozzle 22, and the gas generated by the combustion is discharged through the expansion section 26 of the tail nozzle to continuously generate a driving force.

3. In the water ramming stage, the engine is in the water ramming mode; the gas generator 1 continuously generates high temperature and high pressure gas carrying a large number of unburned aluminum particles, and the gas enters the supplementary combustion chamber 2 through the gas generator nozzle 22; the air inlet is spherical The valve 14 is kept closed, and the air inlet does not work; the spherical valve 13 of the oxidant storage tank is closed, and the supply of the preset oxidant is stopped; the spherical valve I10 of the water inlet pipe and the spherical valve II 16 of the water inlet pipe are opened; It enters the supplementary combustion chamber 2 through the four primary water inlet pipes 6 and the four secondary water inlet pipes 7, and reacts with the gas entering the supplementary combustion chamber through the gas generator nozzle 22. It is discharged out, and the driving force is continuously generated.

4. In the acceleration stage of the water outlet, the engine is in the water-air mode conversion stage; the gas generator 1 continuously generates gas with high temperature and high pressure and carries a large number of unburned aluminum particles, and the gas enters the supplementary combustion chamber 2 through the gas generator nozzle 22; The airway ball valve 14 remains closed, and the air inlet does not work; the water inlet pipe ball valve II 16 remains closed; the water inlet pipe ball valve I10 and the oxidant storage tank ball valve 13 are opened; the preset oxidant is again pressurized and enters through the water inlet pipe The supplementary combustion chamber 2 reacts with the gas entering the supplementary combustion chamber through the gas generator nozzle 22, and the gas generated by the combustion is discharged outward through the expansion section 26 of the tail nozzle, and continuously generates a driving force, which pushes the sailing body to exit water and accelerate.

5. Returning to the air ram stage, the engine re-enters the air ram mode; after the water outlet of the vehicle is accelerated to reach the speed required by the air ram, the water inlet pipe ball valve I10, the water inlet pipe ball valve II 16 and the oxidant tank ball valve 13 are closed , the inlet spherical valve 14 is opened, and the engine returns to the air ramming mode to continuously generate thrust.

In summary, the present invention relates to a metal-fuel-based trans-media dual-mode ramjet. Using a metal-based solid propellant that can react with air and water, a dual-mode ramjet is designed by combining the solid-air ramjet and the solid-water ramjet. The intake port and water inlet pipe with valves are used to realize the free switching of the engine between the two modes. The pre-installed oxidant storage tank provides oxidant for the supplementary combustion chamber in the modal conversion stage, which ensures the continuous supply of thrust during the modal conversion process of the engine in the water entry and exit stage, which can effectively avoid the stall of the vehicle in the process of crossing the medium, and realize the crossing of the medium. The high-speed water entry and exit process of the body greatly improves the reliability of the sailing body.

Claims (10)

1. A metal fuel based cross-media dual-modality ramjet engine characterized by: the fuel gas pre-set oxidizer comprises a water inlet pipeline, a pre-set oxidizer storage device, an air inlet device and an engine main body, wherein the engine main body comprises a fuel gas generator, a post-combustion chamber communicated with the fuel gas generator and a tail spray pipe arranged at the end part of the post-combustion chamber, a metal-based solid propellant is arranged in the fuel gas generator, the water inlet pipeline comprises a main water inlet pipe, a water inlet pipe buffer chamber connected with the main water inlet pipe, a primary water inlet pipe and a secondary water inlet pipe connected with the water inlet pipe buffer chamber, the end parts of the primary water inlet pipe and the secondary water inlet pipe are respectively communicated with the post-combustion chamber, a water inlet pipe spherical valve is arranged on the pipeline, a pre-set oxidizer discharge pipe is arranged on the end surface of the pre-set oxidizer storage device, the number of the pre-set oxidizer discharge pipes is equal to the total number of the primary water inlet pipe and the secondary water inlet pipe, the end part of the pre-set oxidizer discharge pipe is connected with the corresponding primary water inlet pipe and secondary water inlet pipe, and the joints are provided with spherical valves of the oxidant storage tanks, and the air inlet device comprises air inlet pipes symmetrically arranged on the outer surface of the afterburning chamber along the circumferential direction and air inlet channel spherical valves arranged on the air inlet pipes.

2. The metal-fuel based cross-media dual-modality ramjet engine of claim 1, characterized in that: the primary water inlet pipe and the secondary water inlet pipe are respectively provided with four water inlet pipes and are alternately arranged, and the length of the secondary water inlet pipe is larger than that of the primary water inlet pipe.

3. A metal fuel based cross-media dual-modality ramjet engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the fuel gas generator comprises a fuel gas generator front seal head, a fuel gas generator barrel and a fuel gas generator spray pipe which are connected in sequence, and the metal-based solid propellant is connected with the fuel gas generator front seal head through a front support piece of the explosive column; the afterburning chamber comprises an afterburning chamber front cover connected with a gas generator spray pipe and an afterburning chamber barrel connected with the afterburning chamber front cover; the tail nozzle comprises a tail nozzle convergent section connected with the afterburning chamber cylinder and a tail nozzle expansion section connected with the tail nozzle convergent section.

4. A metal fuel based cross-media dual-modality ramjet engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the preset oxidant storage device comprises a preset oxidant storage tank front cover, a preset oxidant storage tank cylinder body and a preset oxidant storage tank rear cover, and the preset oxidant discharge pipe is connected with an opening on the preset oxidant storage tank rear cover.

5. A metal-fuel based cross-media dual-modality ramjet engine according to claim 3, characterized in that: the preset oxidant storage device comprises a preset oxidant storage tank front cover, a preset oxidant storage tank cylinder body and a preset oxidant storage tank rear cover, and the preset oxidant discharge pipe is connected with an opening on the preset oxidant storage tank rear cover.

6. A metal fuel based cross-media dual-modality ramjet engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the number of the air inlet pipes is four.

7. A metal-fuel based cross-media dual-modality ramjet engine according to claim 3, characterized in that: the number of the air inlet pipes is four.

8. The metal-fuel based cross-media dual-modality ramjet engine of claim 4, characterized in that: the number of the air inlet pipes is four.

9. The metal-fuel based cross-media dual-modality ramjet engine of claim 5, characterized in that: the number of the air inlet pipes is four.

10. A control method of a cross-medium dual-mode ramjet engine based on metal fuel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the cross-medium dual-mode ramjet engine comprises the following control processes:

(1) an air stamping stage: the main water inlet pipe, the primary water inlet pipe, the secondary water inlet pipe and the preset oxidant storage tank do not work, and air entering the air inlet channel reacts with fuel gas generated by the fuel gas generator to generate thrust;

(2) and (3) entering water: the main water inlet pipe and the air inlet pipe do not work, and the oxidant in the preset oxidant storage tank enters the afterburning chamber through the primary water inlet pipe and the secondary water inlet pipe to react with the fuel gas generated by the fuel gas generator to generate thrust;

(3) a water stamping stage: the air inlet channel and the preset oxidant storage tank do not work, seawater enters the afterburning chamber through the water inlet pipe, the primary water inlet pipe and the secondary water inlet pipe and reacts with fuel gas generated by the fuel gas generator to generate thrust;

(4) and (3) water outlet acceleration stage: the main water inlet pipe and the air inlet channel do not work, oxidant in the preset oxidant storage tank enters the afterburning chamber again through the primary water inlet pipe and the secondary water inlet pipe to react with fuel gas generated by the fuel gas generator to generate thrust, when the navigation body accelerates to the speed required by air punching, the primary water inlet pipe, the secondary water inlet pipe and the preset oxidant storage tank stop working, the air inlet channel starts working, and the engine returns to the air punching stage again;

(5) and a return air stamping stage: the engine reenters the air ram mode; after the water outlet of the aircraft body is accelerated to reach the speed required by air ram, the water inlet pipe ball valve and the oxidant storage tank ball valve are closed, the air inlet pipe ball valve is opened, and the engine returns to the air ram mode to continuously generate thrust.

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