CN111719203B - Carding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a card for processing fibres, having a drum (3) with a drum circumference, a drum surface (23) and a working width (A). Carding elements (12) and separating elements (13, 14, 15) for parallelizing the fibers are arranged opposite the cylinder surface (23) of the cylinder (3), which can be rotated in the direction of rotation (17) about the axis of rotation (4) Spin to separate out dirt fragments and short fibers. The separating elements (13, 14, 15) are provided with suction ducts (25), and the drum circumference is divided into a pre-carding zone (9), a main carding zone (5), a post-carding zone (10) and a sub-carding zone (11). The carding elements (12) and separating elements (13, 14, 15) span the entire working width (A). At least one separating element (13, 14, 14, 15). The blade element (26) has a plurality of discharge openings (27) and blades (28) relative to the discharge openings (27), at least one air guide element (29) is arranged between the suction channel (25) and the blade element (26). ).

Description

carding machine

technical field

The invention relates to a carding machine for processing fibers having a drum with a working width, a carding element arranged opposite the drum for parallelizing the fibers and for separating out dirt fragments and short fibers by means of a suction duct separate components. The cylinder circumference is divided into a pre-carding zone, a main carding zone, a post-carding zone and a sub-carding zone, with carding and separating elements spanning the entire working width.

Background technique

Carding machines comprising various working elements for cleaning, sorting, opening, carding etc. of the fiber material to be processed are used in spinning preparation systems. Various types of fibers are processed, including cotton fibers or chemical fibers or mixtures thereof. Working elements with blade elements (so-called separating blades) serve to separate short fibers and dirt fragments. The dirt fragments or short fibers are separated from the rotating drum by means of the separating blades, by means of which the fibrous material is conveyed past the separating blades. For this purpose, openings are provided in front of the separating blades in the working element against the surface of the rotating drum and the fibrous material conveyed thereon, which openings serve as discharge openings for the components separated from the fibrous material by the separating knives. After the components that have been separated by the separating blades have passed through the discharge opening, they are fed to the suction duct and sent away. Various types of separating blades are used in carding machines during spinning preparation.

Working elements of this type are known in various designs. For example, document CH639434A5 describes a trash remover with blades spaced radially from the drum of the carding machine and serving as blade elements, as well as collecting tracks also radially spaced. Leave a gap between the capture track and the blade. The space bounded by the blade and the capture track is covered and forms a vacuum suction chamber.

Document DE 3902204 A1 discloses another cleaning element with separate blades. Here, the discharge distance is determined by the distance between the blade and the upstream element. The dirt discharged by means of the blade through the discharge opening is guided along the blade to the suction duct. The guide element is attached to the rear of the upstream element pivotable into the discharge opening and thereby changes the size of the discharge opening and the separation behavior of the cleaning element.

European patent application EP0388791A1 also discloses a device for separating out dirt by means of blades, upstream of the blades a combing element is arranged and downstream of the blades a guide element is arranged.

A disadvantage of the known device is that the structure of the working elements occupies a large part of the available peripheral surface of the drums opposite them, with an upstream guiding surface and a downstream carding surface for separating out dirt and short fibers. Due to the required size of the suction tube, the use of splitting blades or knives requires a lot of space. Therefore, there may only be a limited number of separation points on the available circumference of the drum. This means that a correspondingly large discharge opening or a large distance between the element in front of the blade and the surface of the opposite cylinder must be arranged in front of the separating blade or in front of the blade in order to achieve the required separation rate. The large distance between the element in front of the blade and the surface of the oppositely arranged drum combined with the large discharge opening enables the blade to penetrate deeper into the fiber material. But this increases the risk of increased removal of spinnable fibers. Spinnable fibers are fibers present in a fibrous material which due to their length should not be removed but fed for further processing. Thus, the working elements for separating dirt and short fibers preferably do not remove any spinnable fibers from the fiber material.

Contents of the invention

Now, the object of the present invention is to provide a card of the type mentioned at the outset, which does not have the disadvantages of the known prior art and which makes it possible to increase the number of separation points on the circumference of the drum. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to achieve a flexible design of the discharge distance and an improved separation of dirt and short fibers while reducing the separation of spinnable fibers.

This object is achieved by the features in the characterizing parts of the independent claims. In order to achieve this purpose, a novel card for processing fibers is proposed, which has a drum with a drum circumference, a drum surface and a working width, carding elements for parallelizing the fibers and for separating the dirt A separating element with short fibers is arranged opposite the drum, which is rotatable about an axis of rotation in a direction of rotation, and is provided with a suction duct. The cylinder circumference is divided into pre-carding area, main carding area, post-carding area and sub-carding area. The carding and separating elements span the entire working width. In the post-carding area, pre-carding area or sub-carding area, at least one separating element is provided, which has a base body, a suction duct and a blade element, wherein the blade element has a plurality of discharge openings and blades associated with the discharge openings, and wherein at least An air guiding element is arranged between the suction duct and the blade element. By providing a large number of blades in the blade element and thus in the separating element, it is possible to provide a plurality of discharge openings in a narrow space and thus also a plurality of blades acting as knives. This also means that a suction conduit need not be associated with every discharge opening. The discharge openings of all the blades of the blade element can be associated with a single common suction duct, which further saves space. The large number of blades also makes it possible to gently detach dirt particles from the nonwoven fibers passing under the blades, so that separation of the spinnable fibers can be avoided. The combination of a large number of blades in the blade element enables a wide variety of arrangements, shapes and sizes of individual blades. The proposed design of the separation elements increases the number of separation points in the different carding zones or on the licker-in rollers several times.

At least one air guiding element is arranged in the base body between the suction duct and the blade element. The fact that a large number of consecutive blades and discharge openings are provided leads to air turbulence, which is caused by the movement of the suction duct and the fibrous material. In order to minimize the influence of outlet openings or suction points arranged one behind the other and connected by a common suction duct, it is advantageous if the air flowing to the suction duct is guided or guided by an air guiding element.

In a first embodiment, the air guiding elements are advantageously arranged so as to be oppositely inclined at an inclination angle α with respect to the blade elements when viewed in the direction of rotation of the drum. The inclination of the air guiding element is adapted to the design of the suction duct, the inclination angle α is preferably 10 to 50 degrees. An air guiding element is associated with each or every other outlet opening. This configuration is preferably used when the suction conduit is connected directly to the blade element. In an alternative embodiment, the air guiding element is arranged parallel to the blade element at least in the region of the outlet opening, and a delivery space is formed between the blade element and the air guiding element, which delivery space is connected to the suction channel. As a result, a narrow delivery space is formed between the blade element and the suction duct, which delivery space is preferably introduced into the suction duct at the end of the blade element when viewed in the direction of rotation of the drum.

On the side of the blade element opposite the suction duct, a passive air supply is preferably generated in this conveying space between the air guiding element and the blade element, whereby an air flow is generated above the blade element in the direction of the suction duct. Furthermore, it is advantageous if at least one air supply line is arranged in the base body, which opens into the delivery space between the blade element and the flow guiding element. The air supply duct enables a controlled, active air supply to the delivery space, for example by using compressed air. An active air supply into the conveying space is particularly advantageous if the working elements are designed with a large length in the direction of rotation of the drum. The active air supply also offers the option of cleaning the conveying space with pulses of compressed air.

As seen in the direction of rotation of the drum, the length of the separating element is preferably 50 mm to 400 mm, and the side of the separating element opposite to the drum surface is concentric with the drum. The length of the blade elements is structurally adapted to their application. The width of the blade element adapted to the working width enables the blade element to be introduced into the separating element in the module. The use of different blade elements makes it possible to provide various designs of blade elements in the stroke of the working width. By using a longer separating element, several blades can be arranged in a space-saving manner over short distances, since only a single suction duct has to be provided for the entire separating element, irrespective of the number of blades. If the separating element has a large length, it spans a longer sector of the drum surface, whereby it is necessary to mold the separating element against the drum surface so that all blades are spaced a suitably short distance from the drum surface.

The blade element is advantageously formed from a metal plate with a metal gauge of 0.05 mm to 2.0 mm, particularly preferably 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm, from which the discharge opening is cut and the blade is formed by the edge of the discharge opening. The cutouts and thus also the outlet openings and the blades can be produced by stamping processes known from the prior art. The shorter the length or width of the blade elements is chosen, the smaller the plate thickness can be chosen, which has advantages in terms of carrying out the production engineering of the edges of the discharge openings in order to form the individual blades. The slit forming the discharge opening can be provided as a simple punched opening, or on the side opposite the blade with a radius of 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm. Rounding off the edge from the punching process on the side of the blade element facing away from the drum surface results in the detached chips being advantageously removed into the discharge duct. It is also conceivable that the outlet opening is embodied as a so-called "bead". One edge of the discharge opening is slightly bent out of the plane of the plate and forms a blade. The individual blades protrude from the plane of the outlet opening by 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm, particularly preferably by 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm, and produce the previously used effect of the individual blades penetrating into the fiber material.

However, for smaller blade elements it is also conceivable to machine said blade elements from thicker sheet metal up to 40 mm. By machining the outlet openings, the outlet openings can be arranged obliquely at an angle β of 10 to 80 degrees, particularly preferably 30 to 70 degrees, relative to the plate surface. Due to the small plate thickness, it is possible to design blade elements covering a larger part of the drum circumference, since the blade elements can be molded to the shape of the drum surface. It has been found that a plate thickness of 0.3 mm leads to good ductility with sufficient stability. In the case of small plate thicknesses, or for reasons of assembly engineering, it is advantageous if the blade element comprises a frame into which the metal plates are inserted. The required means for attaching the blade elements or the required through-holes for the bolting can be provided on the frame. Also, where a seal is required between the blade element and the base body, the blade element preferably has a frame. With this construction, even for high loads, a small plate thickness can be selected for the blade element.

The outlet openings are preferably distributed regularly over the working width and arranged in rows. When viewed in the direction of rotation of the drum, rows of discharge openings are arranged consecutively in the blade element. The regular arrangement of the discharge openings and thus of the blades leads to a uniform effect of the separation over the working width and also has advantages from a production engineering point of view. It is also advantageous if the outlet openings of the blade elements have a length of 5 mm to 200 mm and a width of 2 mm to 15 mm and each outlet opening has a distance of 0.1 mm to 20.0 mm. Preferably, the discharge opening has an aspect ratio of less than 20 to 1, the width of the discharge opening being viewed in the direction of rotation of the drum. In order that the edges formed by the discharge opening and serving as blades have a corresponding effect to the separating blades, the long sides of the discharge opening extend in the direction of the working width. It has been found that a square discharge opening with a corresponding edge length still suffices. The close arrangement of large discharge openings affects the stability of the blade element and may have to be compensated by selecting the size of the blade element or increasing the metal gauge. The discharge opening can be designed in various geometric shapes, preferably rectangular or rectangular with rounded ends. This also results in a correspondingly long blade relative to the length of the outlet opening. However, trapezoidal or triangular outlet openings are also conceivable.

Various variants are possible for the arrangement of the discharge opening and thus the arrangement of the blades within the blade element. In a preferred embodiment, the width of the successive discharge openings decreases gradually in the working direction. As a result, the discharge opening becomes narrower in the working direction. This results in less separation when viewed in the working direction and improves fiber guidance. It has been found that a good compromise between fiber guidance and separation is achieved with decreasing discharge opening widths, with a maximum width of 2 mm to 20 mm, preferably 3 mm to 10 mm, and a minimum width of 0.1 mm to 12 mm , preferably 2.0 mm to 5.0 mm. A further variant consists in that, viewed in the working direction, the outlet openings arranged one behind the other have an offset in the working width direction. This ensures that there are no blade-free areas across the working width. Various variants can also be combined; for example, a first discharge opening can be arranged without offset, after which an offset and narrowed discharge opening can be provided.

Advantageously, at least two guide elements are arranged on the blade element in the working direction, the guide elements being arranged on the side facing the drum surface. The guide element prevents the blade element from getting too close to the opposing cylinder surface when the blade element is used in a carding machine. The guide element consists of a narrow strip of metal plate attached to the blade element by welding, soldering or gluing. The guide elements are only a few tenths of a millimeter high so as not to interfere with the separation process. The guide element can be arranged linearly, obliquely, angled, curved or offset along its course in the working direction. The guide element can be made from the same material as the blade element, or from plastic. Alternatively, the function of the guide element can be fulfilled by suitably embossing the blade element. In this case, raised areas, for example in the form of protrusions, are formed in the blade elements between the discharge openings by means of an embossing process, which prevent the blade elements from being too close to the opposite drum surface when they are used in the machine.

The blade element is preferably releasably attached to the base body. The structure of the separate element with the detachable blade element connected thereto has the effect that blade adjustment can be performed by simply exchanging the blade element, thus making it possible to dispense with the tedious adjustment of the blade known in the prior art. The blade element can be attached to the base body through the use of supports to facilitate assembly and disassembly. Due to the novel structure according to the invention, the same principle can also be applied to the variation of the discharge distance. If a larger or smaller discharge distance is set due to changes in the product to be processed, or if the separating element is limited to a small number of blades, this can be achieved by simply changing the blade elements. It is also not necessary to pre-set the separating element by precisely measuring the position of the blade relative to the bearing point of the separating element over the entire working width. Due to the use of a blade element whose height is not adjustable relative to the bearing point of the separating element, it is only possible to set the distance between the blade and the drum surface by adjusting the separating element in the bearing point.

The blade element is preferably composed of a plurality of sub-elements which are individually fastened to the base body. This has the advantage that only the elements affected by wear and tear need to be replaced.

It is also advantageous if two blade elements, viewed in the direction of rotation of the drum, are arranged adjacent to each other on the base body of the separating element, the blade elements having the same or different features as the discharge opening. This design enables the length of the separating element to increase in the direction of rotation of the drum without increasing the length of the individual blade elements. An associated suction channel is preferably provided for each blade element.

The carding elements or sliding elements are advantageously fastened to the base body between the blade elements when viewed in the direction of rotation of the drum. This arrangement of different elements corresponds to the current arrangement of cutting, carding and sliding elements in common high performance cards, but has the advantage that a larger number of blades can be used and the whole element can be preassembled outside the card.

Advantageously, an air supply opening extending across the working width is provided before or after the separating element, which allows an air exchange between the drum and ambient air. It has been found that this air exchange can calm the flow conditions on the drum surface when long separating elements are used.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be explained below based on exemplary embodiments and illustrated by the accompanying drawings. In the attached picture,

Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a conventional carding machine according to the prior art;

Figure 2 shows an enlarged view of the post-carding area according to Figure 1;

Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a separating element according to the invention;

Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a separation element;

Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a view X of the separation element according to Fig. 4;

Figure 6 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a blade element;

Figure 7 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a blade element; and

8 to 11 show cross-sectional views of various embodiments of the blade element at point Y according to FIG. 6 .

Detailed ways

FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of a per se known rotary flat card. The fiber bundle 1 to be carded, which may consist of natural fibers or chemical fibers or mixtures thereof, is filled in a hopper (not shown) in the form of cleaned and split fiber bundles. Thus, the fiber bundle is taken from the hopper by the licker-in 2 and fed to the drum 3 . On drum 3 the fiber bundle is split, parallelized and cleaned. With the upstream arrangement of the licker-in roller 2, partial splitting and cleaning of the fiber bundle 1 is already carried out by this licker-in roller. These processes take place through the interaction of the cylinder 3 and the licker-in 2 with the various stationary working elements 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 and the revolving flat carding unit 5 . Stationary working elements 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 are arranged on the drum circumference in four main zones: a pre-carding zone 9 , a post-carding zone 10 , and a sub-carding zone 11 . The main carding area is formed by the revolving flat carding unit 5 . The cylinder 3 is provided with card clothing on its surface and rotates about its axis of rotation 4 in the direction of rotation 17 from the licker-in 2 through the main carding area to the doffing cylinder 6 . By treating the fibers between the clothing of the cylinder 3 and fixed or mobile working elements 5, 12, 13, 14, 15 arranged opposite the clothing of the cylinder, the fibers on the cylinder 3 form a nonwoven fabric, which It is removed from the doffing cylinder 6 and then formed into a carded sliver 8 in a sliver forming unit 7 comprising various cylinders in an per se known manner. Stationary working elements in the different carding areas 9 , 10 , 11 are eg carding elements 12 , working elements 13 , 14 , 15 with separate blades, or guiding or covering elements.

The working elements 13 , 14 , 15 with knives serve to separate dirt, impurities and short fibers. Working elements 13 , 14 , 15 with separating blades are used in the pre-carding zone 9 , post-carding zone 10 , sub-carding zone 11 and also in the licker-in 2 . By means of the separating blades, dirt fragments, impurities and short fibers are separated from the fiber fleece by the surface of the drum 3 as well as by the surface of the licker-in roller 15 and sent away.

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the post-carding area according to FIG. 1 . In the exemplary embodiment shown, three working elements 15 with separating blades 18 and suction tubes 19 are shown in the design. The separating blades 19 remove impurities and dirt from the surface of the fibrous material which is guided past the working element 15 in the direction of rotation 17 of the drum 3 , which is carried away by the suction pipe 20 . The working elements 15 are fixed in place by their separating blades 19 and suction tubes 20 on the side plates 18 of the carding machine. The side plates 18 are supported on the frame (not shown) on both sides of the drum 3 . The drum 3 , shown in FIG. 2 with its longitudinal axis 4 , is mounted between left and right side plates 18 and has a direction of rotation 17 during operation. The axial length of the cylinder 3 equipped with the cylinder clothing and thus available for conveying the fiber material is referred to as the working width. The working element 15 arranged opposite the drum surface 23 spans the drum 3 over its entire working width. In the illustrated embodiment, the working element 15 is provided with a carding strip 21 and a sliding element 22 . It is also possible to omit the embodiment of the side panels 18 and to use a vertical structure to support the various fixing elements and the drum 3 .

FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a first embodiment of the separating element 15 . The separating element 15 has a working width A and is formed from a base body 24 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, is formed from two parts and connected together by clamps. The matrix is formed into the suction conduit 25 . The blade element 26 is fastened to the base body 24 below the suction duct 25 . The attachment of the blade element 26 to the base body 24 itself is not shown, and consistent with known prior art, the attachment may be by a releasable connection (for example, screws or clips) or by a non-releasable connection (for example, formed by welding or gluing). A discharge opening 27 is provided in the blade element 26 , which forms a connection from the suction duct 25 to the surface of the drum (not shown) situated opposite the separating element 15 . The edge of the outlet opening 27 , which is situated opposite the direction of rotation 17 of the drum, is embodied as a blade 28 . A plurality of blades 28 and a discharge opening 27 each associated with a blade 28 are arranged one behind the other when viewed in the direction of rotation 17 of the drum. All discharge openings 27 are connected to the suction duct 25 , resulting in a large number of blades 28 with only one suction duct 25 . To improve the flow from the outlet opening 27 into the suction line 25 , an air guide element 29 is provided. The air guide element 29 is held in the base body 24 at an angle α so as to be inclined opposite to the direction of rotation 17 of the drum.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of the separating element 14 . The separating element 15 is shown to have a substantially greater length C than in the embodiment according to FIG. 3 . A suction conduit 25 is attached to the base body 24 . The suction conduit 25 is fastened to the base body 24 at one end of the separation element 15 . The contact surface between the base body 24 and the suction conduit 25 is provided with a seal 33 . A blade element 26 is attached to the side of the base body 24 opposite the suction conduit 25 . The blade element 26 has a shape curved in the direction of rotation 17 of the drum, adapted to the oppositely positioned drum surface in the operating state. In the embodiment shown by way of example, the blade element 26 is connected to the base element 24 via a support body 34 . Associated with the blade element 26 is an air guide element 29 which is arranged over the effective width of the blade element 26 such that a conveying space 30 is formed along the blade element 26 in the direction of rotation 17 of the drum. The delivery space 30 is connected to the suction line 25 via the base body 24 . At the end of the working element 15 viewed opposite the direction of rotation 17 of the drum, the delivery space 30 is connected to the surroundings via an air supply opening 32 provided in the base body 24 . Due to the arrangement shown, the negative pressure prevailing in the suction duct 25 causes air to flow from the air supply opening 32 along the blade elements 26 in the direction of rotation 17 of the drum through the delivery space 30 to the suction duct 25 . The dirt fragments and short fibers separated by the blade elements 26 are guided into the suction duct 25 along with the air flow. When processing heavily soiled fiber material, compressed air can additionally be introduced into the conveying space 30 via the air supply line 31 . The air supply duct 31 is arranged such that the air flow generated in the delivery space 30 by the underpressure in the suction duct 25 is increased or supported.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4 , the base body 24 is designed such that the suction duct 25 can be moved from the position shown in FIG. 4 to a relative position above the air supply opening 32 viewed in the direction of rotation 17 of the drum. As a result, the direction of the air flow in the delivery space 30 is reversed relative to the direction of rotation 17 of the drum.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a partial view of the separating element 15 in the X direction according to FIG. 4 . The separating element 15 shown has a base body 24 which has a length C viewed in the direction of rotation 17 of the drum and a width which extends beyond the working width A. As shown in FIG. The area of the separating element 15 for supporting the separating element 15 on a side plate (not shown) of the card lies outside the working width A. The separating element 15 is positioned on the side plate by fastening means 37 . The blade element 26 is fastened within the working width A to the base body 24 . When viewed in the direction of rotation 17 of the drum, two blade elements 26 are arranged consecutively, wherein the carding strip 21 is arranged between the blade elements 26 . A plurality of blade elements 26 are also arranged across the working width. The blade element has rows 35 of discharge openings 27 . The edge of the discharge opening 27 , which is located opposite to the direction of rotation 17 of the drum, forms a plurality of blades 28 . Furthermore, a guide element 36 is arranged above the discharge opening 27 and thus also above the blade 28 .

FIG. 6 shows a uniform distribution of the outlet openings 27 in the embodiment of the blade element 26 . The discharge openings 27 have edges positioned in the direction of rotation 17 of the drum and formed as blades 28 , all having the same length D, the same width E and the same spacing F. By way of example, the outlet opening 27 is embodied in its geometry as a rectangle with rounded ends.

In a second embodiment of the blade element 26 shown in FIG. 7 , a rectangular discharge opening 27 having an edge pointing in the direction of rotation 17 of the drum and formed as a blade 28 is arranged transverse to the direction of rotation 17 of the drum. Multiple rows. The width E of the outlet openings 27 decreases row by row from a maximum width to a minimum width in the direction of rotation 17 of the drum. The length D of all outlet openings 27 in a row and the spacing F of the outlet openings 27 are the same. The spacing of the rows following one another in the direction of rotation 17 of the drum decreases continuously in the working direction from a maximum distance to a minimum distance.

8 to 11 show cross-sectional views of various embodiments of the blade element 26 at point X according to FIG. 6 . FIG. 8 shows a blade element 26 with a discharge opening 27 of width E, the edge of which forms a blade 28 . The outlet openings 27 are embodied as through-openings in a metal sheet of metal specification B, which openings have a distance F from one another. In order to be able to use the smallest possible metal gauge, the blade element 26 is provided with a frame 38 on its outer edge in order to increase its dimensional stability. The frame 38 is connected to the plate by fastening means, such as screw connections, so as to form the blade element 26 .

FIG. 9 shows a blade element 26 with a discharge opening 27 of width E, the edge of which forms a blade 28 . The outlet openings 27 are embodied as through-openings in a metal sheet of metal specification B, which openings have a distance F from one another. On the side of the blade element 26 facing away from the blade 28 the edge of the outlet opening 27 is rounded with a certain radius. The rounding of the edges of the discharge opening 27 facilitates the removal of separated dirt fragments and short fibers and thus prevents clogging.

FIG. 10 shows a blade element 26 with a discharge opening 27 of width E, the edge of which forms the blade 27 . The outlet openings 27 are embodied as through-openings in a metal sheet of metal specification B, which openings have a distance F from one another. The blade element 26 is made of a metal sheet with large metal gauge B, from which the discharge opening 27 is cut, for example by laser cutting or milling. This enables the outlet opening 27 to be arranged obliquely at an angle β in its course through the metal plate.

FIG. 11 shows a blade element 26 with a discharge opening 27 of width E. As shown in FIG. The outlet openings 27 are embodied as through-openings in a metal sheet of metal specification B, which openings have a distance F from one another. In this case, the through-opening is embodied as a bead, wherein the outer edge of the bead forms the blade 28 . As a result of this manufacturing method, the blade 28 protrudes by a protruding length G from the surface of the blade element 26 . This in turn leads to an increase in the separation rate.

The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments that have been illustrated and described. Modifications are also possible and combinations of features are possible within the scope of the claims, even if they are shown and described in different exemplary embodiments.

List of reference signs

1 fiber bundle

2 licker-in rollers

3 rollers

4 Axis of rotation of the drum

5 rotary flat carding unit

6 doffing cylinder

7 sliver forming unit

8 carded sliver

9 pre-combing areas

10 post grooming area

11 sub-grooming areas

12 carding elements

13 licker-in separation element

14 pre-carding zone separation elements

15 post-combing zone separation elements

16 licker-in roller

17 The direction of rotation of the cylinder, the direction of movement of the cylinder clothing

18 side panels

19 separation blades

20 suction fittings

21 carding strips

22 sliding elements

23 drum surface

24 matrix

25 suction catheter

26 blade elements

27 discharge opening

28 blades

29 air guiding element

30 conveying space

31 air supply duct

32 air supply opening

33 seals

34 supports

35 rows of discharge openings

36 guiding elements

37 fastening device

38 frames

A working width

B metal specification

C length of separation element

D The length of the discharge opening

E the width of the discharge opening

F Distance between discharge openings

Protrusion length of G blade

α tilt angle

β Angle of the discharge opening.

Claims (15)

1. A carding machine for processing fibers having a cylinder (3) with a cylinder circumference, a cylinder surface (23) and a working width (A), wherein the carding elements (12) for parallelizing the fibers ) and separating elements (13, 14, 15) for separating dirt and short fibers are arranged opposite to the drum (3), which can rotate in the direction of rotation (17) around the axis of rotation (4), wherein the separating elements (13, 14, 15) are provided with suction ducts (25), wherein the drum circumference is divided into a pre-carding zone (9), a main carding zone, a post-carding zone (10) and a sub-carding zone (11) , and wherein said carding elements (12) and separating elements (13, 14, 15) span the entire working width (A), characterized in that in said post-carding zone (10), pre-carding zone (9) or In the sub-carding area (11), at least one separating element (13, 14, 15) is arranged, said at least one separating element having a base body (24), a suction duct (25) and a blade element (26), said blade element (26) has a plurality of discharge openings (27) and blades (28) associated with said discharge openings (27), and at least one air guiding element (29) is arranged between said suction duct (25) and said between the blade elements (26). 2. The carding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the air guiding element (29) is arranged so as to be aligned with the blade element (26) when viewed in the direction of rotation (17) of the drum (3). ) are oppositely inclined at an inclination angle (α). 3. Carding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that at least in the region of the outlet opening (27) the air guiding element (29) is arranged parallel to the blade element (26) and in A delivery space (30) is formed between the blade element (26) and the air guide element (29), which delivery space (30) is connected to the suction duct (25). 4. The carding machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separating elements (13, 14, 15) have a diameter of 50 mm to 400 mm in the direction of rotation (17) of the drum (3). length (C), and the side of said separating element (13, 14, 15) positioned opposite to said drum surface (23) is concentric with said drum surface (23). 5. The carding machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one air supply duct (31 ) is arranged in the base body (24), the air supply duct (31 ) leading to the In the delivery space (30) between the blade element (26) and the air guide element (29). 6. Carding machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blade element (26) is formed from a sheet metal with a metal gauge (B) of 0.05 mm to 2.0 mm, the discharge opening (27 ) is cut out from the metal plate, and a blade (28) is formed by the edge of the discharge opening (27). 7. The carding machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the discharge openings (27) are regularly distributed over the working width (A) and arranged in rows (35), when along the Several rows (35) of discharge openings (27) are arranged consecutively in said blade element (26), viewed in the direction of rotation (17) of said drum (3). 8. Carding machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the discharge opening (27) of the blade element (26) has a length (D) of 5 mm to 200 mm and a width of 2 mm to 15 mm (E), and each discharge opening has a pitch (F) of 0.1 mm to 20.0 mm. 9. The carding machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two guide elements (36) are arranged on the blade element (26), the guide elements (36) being arranged facing on one side of the drum surface (23). 10. Carding machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blade element (26) is releasably attached to the base body (24). 11. Carding machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blade element (26) consists of a plurality of sub-elements which are individually fastened to the base body (24). 12. The carding machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two blade elements (26) are arranged next to each other at On the base body (24) of the separating element (13, 14, 15), the blade element (26) has the same or different features as the discharge opening (27). 13. Carding machine according to claim 12, characterized in that each blade element (26) is provided with a respective suction duct (25). 14. The carding machine according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the carding strip (21 ) or the sliding element (22) is in the Between the blade elements (26) are fastened to said base body (24). 15. Carding machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an air supply opening extending across the working width (A) is provided before or after the separating element (13, 14, 15) (32), said air supply openings allow air exchange between said drum (3) and ambient air.

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