CN111670801A - A kind of method to improve the fruit setting rate of wood lotus - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for improving fruit setting rate of schima superba belongs to the technical field of plant pollination. The cross pollination method comprises (1) uniformly spraying hormone on the tree body within 24h before pollination; (2) preparing a male parent: wrapping the flowering branch pollination bag, collecting flowers bloomed by the male parent, and using the pollen sac for pollination after pollen is scattered; (3) preparation of a female parent: thinning flowers and buds, and cutting off petals and stamens for pollination; (4) pollination: the pollen-dispersed flowers of the male parent are smeared on all stigma of the female parent at one time, sleeved in a pollination bag for 7d and retreated, and pollination is completed. The natural pollination method comprises spraying hormone to the tree body twice before the flowers of the schima superba are placed. The invention improves the hormone treatment and pollination method in the prior art, achieves the average increase of the fruit setting rate of artificial pollination by 92.4 percent and the average decrease of the fruit dropping rate by 95 percent, and is beneficial to improving the seed yield of the schima superba. The fruit setting rate of the natural pollination of the schima superba is averagely improved by 65 percent, and the fruit dropping rate is averagely reduced by 52 percent.

Description

A kind of method to improve the fruit setting rate of wood lotus

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant pollination, and in particular relates to a method for improving the fruit setting rate of the lotus.

Background technique

Schima superba is a large evergreen broad-leaved tree in the camellia family, and is the main constructive species of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests. It is widely distributed in 12 provinces including Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan in China. Area. The trunk is straight, the wood is dense and dense, the structure is uniform, and the mechanical properties are good. At the same time, wood lotus is also the main biological fire-proof tree species and an important ecological protection tree species in southern my country. It is the most widely distributed and used tree species in my country except poplar and eucalyptus.

Muli is a bisexual flower with a raceme (an average of 7 flowers per flower branch), small flowers (about 3cm), and a large amount of flowers. The group flowering period lasts for a long time, from mid-May to mid-July, and the lifespan of a single flower is 4-5 days. Wood lotus pollen deactivated quickly, and the vigor was higher when it first opened. Outcrossing is the main method, but the seed setting rate of natural pollination and artificial pollination is low, and the fruit drop is serious, resulting in low yield of seed gardens and difficulty in artificial hybridization. Preliminary research shows that the average initial fruit setting rate of natural pollination and artificial pollination is about 45%.

In response to this technical problem, the invention patent with the publication number CN104885923A discloses that the fruit setting rate is improved by creating a new germplasm of the lotus tree, cultivating excellent varieties, and selecting different combinations of parents. However, not all parent combinations can meet the requirement of fruit setting rate, and it is time-consuming and laborious to breed parent combinations with high fruit setting rate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to design and provide a method for improving the fruit setting rate of the lotus. Compared with the prior art, the method is improved by spraying different hormone treatments and post-pollination methods, and improves the fruit setting rate of artificial hybridization of the lotus by 34%-113%. The fruit setting rate of natural pollination of the lotus was increased by 65% on average, and the fruit drop rate was decreased by 52% on average.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for improving the fruit setting rate of hybrid pollination of the lotus tree, which is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

(1) In sunny weather, within 24 hours before pollination, evenly spray hormones on the trees, the hormones include one or more of GA ₃ , NAA, 6-BA and MeJA;

(2) Preparation of the male parent: wrap the flower branches with flower buds and removed flowers in a pollination bag, collect the blooming flowers of the male parent on the next day, dry in the shade, and use for pollination after the pollen sacs are scattered;

(3) Preparation of the female parent: Select the flower branches with unbloomed flowers, thin the flowers and buds, cut off the flower buds of the female parent that have opened flowers and the ends of the branches are still green, keep 3-8 flower buds on one branch, wait for the flower buds to turn white, hand After the pinch becomes soft, pierce the base 1/3 of all buds with sharp scissors, and cut off the petals and stamens around the style for pollination;

(4) Pollination: all the stigmas of the female parent obtained in step (3) are smeared with the loose pollen flowers of the male parent obtained in step (2) at one time, until the stigma is yellow, and the whole flower branch is put into the pollination bag, and it retreats after 7 days. Pollination is complete.

The method for improving the fruit setting rate of hybrid pollination of the lotus tree is characterized in that in the step (1), the hormones include 50mg/L GA ₃ , 10mg/L NAA, 100mg/L NAA, 20mg/L 6-BA , 10uM/L MeJA, 50mg/L GA ₃ +10mg/LNAA, 10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA, 50mg/LGA ₃ +10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA, 50mg/L GA ₃ +10mg/LNAA+10uM/L MeJA, 10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA+10uM/L MeJA or 50mg/ _LGA3 +10mg/LNAA+20mg/L6-BA+10uM/L MeJA.

Described a kind of method that improves the fruit setting rate of hybrid pollination of the lotus, it is characterized in that described hormone comprises 10mg/LNAA, 20mg/L 6-BA, 10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA, 50mg/L GA ₃ + 10 mg/L NAA + 20 mg/L 6-BA or 50 mg/LGA ₃ + 10 mg/LNAA + 20 mg/L 6-BA + 10 uM/L MeJA.

The method for improving the fruit setting rate of hybrid pollination of the lotus tree is characterized in that the hormone comprises 20mg/L 6-BA or 20mg/L 6-BA+10mg/L NAA.

Described a kind of method that improves the fruit setting rate of hybrid pollination of the lotus, it is characterized in that described hormone 20mg/L 6-BA is used for spraying the tree body of weak tree vigor, few flowers or the tree body of large area spraying In the garden, the hormone 10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA is used for spraying trees with medium vigor and many flowers.

A method for improving the fruit setting rate of natural pollination of the lotus tree, which is characterized in that before the lotus flowers are in full bloom, selecting a sunny weather, spraying hormones on the tree body in two times, and the time interval between the two spraying is 3- 5d, the hormone includes one or more of GA ₃ , NAA, 6-BA and MeJA.

Described a kind of method that improves the fruit setting rate of natural pollination of the lotus, it is characterized in that described hormone comprises 50mg/LGA ₃ , 10mg/L NAA, 100mg/L NAA, 20mg/L 6-BA, 10uM/L MeJA, 50mg/L GA ₃ +10mg/L NAA, 10mg/L NAA + 20mg/L 6-BA, 50mg/LGA ₃ +10mg/L NAA + 20mg/L 6-BA, 50mg/L GA ₃ +10mg/L NAA +10uM/L MeJA, 10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA+10uM/L MeJA or 50mg/ _LGA3 +10mg/LNAA+20mg/L6-BA+10uM/L MeJA.

Described a kind of method that improves the fruit setting rate of natural cross-pollination of the lotus, it is characterized in that described hormone comprises 10mg/LNAA, 20mg/L 6-BA, 10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA, 50mg/L GA ₃ + 10 mg/L NAA + 20 mg/L 6-BA or 50 mg/L GA ₃ + 10 mg/L NAA + 20 mg/L 6-BA + 10 uM/L MeJA.

The method for improving the fruit setting rate of natural pollination of the lotus root is characterized in that the hormone comprises 20mg/L 6-BA or 20mg/L 6-BA+10mg/L NAA.

Described a kind of method that improves the fruit setting rate of natural pollination of the lotus, it is characterized in that described hormone 20mg/L 6-BA is used for spraying the tree body of weak tree vigor, few flowers or the tree body of large area spraying In the garden, the hormone 10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA is used for spraying trees with medium vigor and many flowers.

The invention improves the hormone treatment and pollination method in the prior art, the artificial pollination fruit setting rate is increased by 92.4% on average, and the fruit drop rate is reduced by 95% on average, which is helpful to improve the yield of the lotus seeds. The fruit setting rate of natural pollination of the lotus was increased by 65% on average, and the fruit drop rate was decreased by 52% on average.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1:

1. Choose sunny weather and perform hormone spraying within 24 hours before pollination.

Twelve treatments were set up in the experiment (Table 1), and 2 clones with large differences in tree vigor growth (No. 77 - weaker vigor; No. 96 - stronger vigor) were selected for artificial pollination experiments.

Table 1 Hormone setting table

The stock solution of hormone was diluted after preparation, and the concentration of the stock solution was GA ₃ 1mg/ml, NAA 1mg/ml, 6-BA 1mg/ml, MeJA 100uM/ml. The mother liquor concentration can be changed according to actual needs. After the hormone is diluted to the use concentration, it is evenly sprayed on the tree body with a watering can, including leaves, branches, flower buds and other parts.

2. The next day, at about 10:00 in the morning on a sunny and windless day, collect the blooming flowers of the male parent (wrap the flower branches with buds in a pollination bag the day before, remove the blooming flowers, and prevent insects from polluting pollen), in a cool place After drying, the pollen sacs can be used for pollination.

3. The female parent chooses unbloomed flowers during pollination. Wood lotus grows in clusters, and 5-15 flowers can grow on one flower branch. The maturity of the flowers varies in the morning and evening. Before pollination, it is necessary to thin the flowers and buds: use scissors to remove the blooming flowers and the buds that are still green at the end of the branch. Keep 3-8 buds. These remaining buds need to be whitened, squeezed by hand, softened, and ready for pollination.

4. Use small scissors with a long and sharp cut to pierce 1/3 of the base of the bud, and cut off the petals and stamens around the style in a certain direction, without touching the style. You can cut the buds to be pollinated at one time (the time of cutting is just waiting for the pollen to loosen), and then use the pollen flowers to smear all the stigmas at one time to ensure complete pollination (the stigma is yellow).

5. After that, use a larger pollination bag to put multiple flower branches into the bag as a whole at one time, without damaging the stigma. After 7 days, the pollination bag can be returned.

6. The fruit setting rate and fruit drop rate were calculated after half a month and one month. The results showed that the hormone ratio of 6-BA 20mg/L or 6-BA 20mg/L + NAA 10mg/L combination had the best effect (Table 2). The rate of fruit drop is increased by 34%-113%, and the fruit drop rate is reduced by 95% on average. Among them, 20mg/L 6-BA can be used for trees with weak vigor and less flowers; 10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA can be used for trees with moderate vigor and more flowers. For large-scale spraying in general seed orchards, 20mg/L 6-BA can be selected for operation.

Table 2 Statistical table of hormone treatment fruit setting rate

Among them: 1: GA ₃ 50 mg/L; 2: NAA 10 mg/L; 3: NAA 100 mg/L; 4: 6-BA 20 mg/L; 5: MeJA 10uM/L; 6: GA ₃ 50 mg/L +NAA 10 mg/L; 7: 6-BA 20 mg/L + NAA 10 mg/L; 8: GA ₃ 50 mg/L + NAA 10 mg/L + 6-BA 20 mg/L; 9: GA ₃ 50 mg/L + NAA 10 mg/L + MeJA 10uM/L; 10: 6-BA 20mg/L + NAA 10 mg/L + MeJA 10uM/L; 11: GA ₃ 50mg/L + NAA 10 mg/L + 6-BA 20mg/L + MeJA 10uM/L; 12: control, no spraying.

Example 2:

During natural pollination, before the lotus flowers bloom (in early and mid-May), choose sunny weather, and spray tree hormones twice with 6-BA 20mg/L, and the spraying time interval is 3-5 days. According to the statistics of fruit setting in 15 days and 30 days, the fruit setting rate increased by 65% on average, and the fruit drop rate decreased by 52% on average.

Using the same natural pollination method as above, and selecting the same combination of hormones as in Table 1 in Implementation 1, the results of the fruit set rate and fruit drop rate obtained have the same trend as the results obtained by the corresponding hybrid pollination method.

Claims (10)

1. A method for improving the fruit setting rate of hybrid pollination of schima superba is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting clear weather, and uniformly spraying hormone including GA on tree body within 24h before pollination₃One or more of NAA, 6-BA and MeJA;

(2) preparing a male parent: wrapping the flowering branch with buds and removed flowers with pollination bags, collecting the flowers bloomed by the male parent on the next day, airing in the shade, and using for pollination after pollen sac looses powder;

(3) preparation of a female parent: selecting branches with flowers which are not bloomed, thinning flowers and thinning buds, cutting off buds with bloomed flowers of female parents and green branches and ends, reserving 3-8 buds for one branch, pricking all bases 1/3 of the buds through a pair of sharp scissors after the buds turn white and are softened by hand, cutting off petals and stamens around a style, and then pollinating;

(4) pollination: and (3) smearing all stigma of the female parent obtained in the step (3) with the pollen-dispersed flowers of the male parent obtained in the step (2) at one time until the stigma becomes yellow, sleeving the whole flowering branch into a pollination bag, and retreating for 7 days to finish pollination.

2. The method for improving fruit set percentage in cross pollination of schima superba as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hormone in step (1) comprises 50mg/L GA₃、10mg/L NAA、100mg/L NAA、20mg/L 6-BA、10uM/L MeJA、50mg/L GA₃+10mg/L NAA、10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA、50mg/LGA₃+10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA、50mg/L GA₃+10mg/L NAA +10uM/L MeJA, 10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA +10uM/L MeJA or 50mg/LGA₃+10mg/LNAA+20mg/L6-BA+10uM/L MeJA。

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the hormones comprise 10mg/L NAA, 20mg/L6-BA, 10mg/L NAA +20mg/LL 6-BA、50mg/L GA₃+10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA or 50mg/LGA₃+10mg/LNAA+20mg/L6-BA+10uM/L MeJA。

4. The method for improving fruit set percentage in cross pollination of schima superba as claimed in claim 3, wherein said hormone comprises 20mg/L6-BA or 20mg/L6-BA +10mg/L NAA.

5. The method for improving the fruit setting rate of hybrid pollination of schima superba as claimed in claim 4, wherein said hormone 20mg/L6-BA is used for spraying weak trees or trees with less flowers or trees with large area spraying, and said hormone 10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA is used for spraying trees with medium tree vigor and more flowers.

6. A method for improving the fruit setting rate of natural pollination of schima superba is characterized in that before the schima superba flowers are placed, clear weather is selected, hormone is sprayed on the tree body twice, the time interval of spraying twice is 3-5 days, and the hormone comprises GA₃One or more of NAA, 6-BA and MeJA.

7. The method for improving the fruit set percentage of natural pollination of schima superba as claimed in claim 6, wherein said hormone comprises 50mg/L GA₃、10mg/L NAA、100mg/L NAA、20mg/L 6-BA、10uM/L MeJA、50mg/L GA₃+10mg/LNAA、10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA、50mg/LGA₃+10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA、50mg/L GA₃+10mg/LNAA +10uM/L MeJA, 10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA +10uM/L MeJA or 50mg/LGA₃+10mg/LNAA+20mg/L6-BA+10uM/L MeJA。

8. The method for improving fruit set percentage in natural cross pollination of schima superba as claimed in claim 7, wherein said hormones include 10mg/L NAA, 20mg/L6-BA, 10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA, 50mg/L GA₃+10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA or 50mg/L GA₃+10mg/L NAA+20mg/L6-BA+10uM/L MeJA。

9. The method for improving the fruit set percentage in natural pollination of schima superba as claimed in claim 8, wherein said hormone comprises 20mg/L6-BA or 20mg/L6-BA +10mg/L NAA.

10. The method for improving the fruit setting rate of natural pollination of the schima superba as claimed in claim 9, wherein the hormone 20mg/L6-BA is used for spraying the trees with weak vigor and little flowers or the trees with large area spraying, and the hormone 10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA is used for spraying the trees with medium vigor and much flowers.