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CN111607056A - High-hardness quick-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-hardness quick-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111607056A
CN111607056A CN202010465936.7A CN202010465936A CN111607056A CN 111607056 A CN111607056 A CN 111607056A CN 202010465936 A CN202010465936 A CN 202010465936A CN 111607056 A CN111607056 A CN 111607056A
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hydroxyl polyurethane
hydroxyl
weight
hardness
dispersion composition
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龙志云
谭星
麦志卫
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Yingde Guocai Fine Chemical Co ltd
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Yingde Guocai Fine Chemical Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of water-based resin, and discloses a high-hardness quick-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps of heating and reacting 15-40 parts by weight of dihydric alcohol, 3-10 parts by weight of dihydroxy carboxylic acid, 30-70 parts by weight of diisocyanate and 0.01-0.1 part by weight of catalyst in an acetone solvent to obtain a prepolymer containing a terminal isocyanate group, carrying out end-capping reaction on the prepolymer and 5-12 parts by weight of trihydroxymethyl aminomethane, neutralizing the prepolymer by an amine neutralizer, then adding water for dispersion, and removing the acetone solvent to obtain the hydroxyl polyurethane aqueous dispersion, wherein the hydroxyl content of the hydroxyl polyurethane aqueous dispersion is 2-5 wt%, and the solid content of the hydroxyl polyurethane aqueous dispersion is 30-45 wt%. The waterborne two-component polyurethane coating prepared from the hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition and the water dispersible isocyanate curing agent has the advantages of high drying speed, high final hardness, good gloss and long service life.

Description

High-hardness quick-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water-based resin, and particularly relates to a high-hardness quick-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the water-based two-component polyurethane is widely used in the field covered by solvent-based two-component polyurethane, and is successfully applied to the industries of water-based industrial paint, wood paint, floor paint and the like. The aqueous two-component polyurethane has good physical and mechanical properties and chemical resistance, and has great advantages in environmental protection compared with a solvent system due to low solvent content of the aqueous system. However, the resin film-forming material used in the commercial water-based two-component polyurethane coating in the current market is mainly hydroxy acrylic resin, the drying speed of the coating film is slow, the final hardness is not high, and the difference from a solvent-based system is large, which affects the further popularization of the water-based two-component polyurethane coating.
In patent CN102002166, hydroxyl polyurethane monomer is synthesized from polycarbonate diol, elastic polyester diol, pentaerythritol, dimethylolpropionic acid or dimethylolbutyric acid, aliphatic isocyanate monomer and other raw materials, and has good flexibility and hand feeling, but the drying speed and final hardness are poor, and it is difficult to apply and popularize on hard base materials. Patent CN1278539A branched polyester polyol, dimethylolpropionic acid, isocyanate monomer and blocking agent synthesize hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion, and a coating film has good chemical resistance and glossiness, but the drying speed and final hardness are still far from the solvent-based system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, the primary object of the present invention is to provide a high-hardness fast-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
a preparation method of a high-hardness quick-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition comprises the steps of heating 15-40 parts by weight of dihydric alcohol, 3-10 parts by weight of dihydroxy carboxylic acid, 30-70 parts by weight of diisocyanate and 0.01-0.1 part by weight of catalyst in an acetone solvent for reaction to obtain a prepolymer containing a terminal isocyanate group, carrying out end-capping reaction on the prepolymer and 5-12 parts by weight of trihydroxymethyl aminomethane, neutralizing the prepolymer by an amine neutralizer, adding water for dispersion, and removing the acetone solvent to obtain a hydroxyl polyurethane aqueous dispersion, wherein the hydroxyl content of the hydroxyl polyurethane aqueous dispersion is 2-5 wt% of the solid content, and the solid content of the aqueous dispersion is 30-45 wt%.
The invention selects the end capping agent containing one amino and three hydroxyl groups: the reaction activity of the amino of the end capping agent is much higher than that of the hydroxyl, the amino is easy to graft and react with an isocyanate group, and finally a polyurethane prepolymer containing six hydroxyl groups and narrow molecular weight distribution is obtained, so that the problem that the polyurethane prepolymer is easy to gel when the traditional polyhydroxy end capping agents such as trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and the like are adopted for synthesis is solved.
Preferably, the diol HO-R1-OH (A) includes a small molecule diol (A)1) And macrodiol (A)2) The small molecule diol (A)1) Has a molecular weight of 50 to 400, and the macrodiol (A)2) The molecular weight of (A) is 500-3000, the dosage of the micromolecular dihydric alcohol is 40-100% of the total weight of the dihydric alcohol, and the macromolecular dihydric alcohol (A)2) The amount of the dihydric alcohol is 0-60% of the total weight of the dihydric alcohol.
Preferably, the small molecule diol (A)1) The polyurethane is at least one of neopentyl glycol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, methyl propylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol and 1, 6-hexanediol, and is preferably neopentyl glycol, the neopentyl glycol has a rigid skeleton structure, the regularity is high, and the synthesized polyurethane product has higher hardness; the macrodiol (A)2) Is at least one of polyether diol, polyester diol, polycarbonate diol and polycaprolactone diol, preferably polyether diol or polyester diolThe molecular weight of the diol is 1000-2000.
The invention adjusts the micromolecular dihydric alcohol (A)1) Dihydroxy carboxylic acid (B), diisocyanate (C) and macrodiol (A)2) In an amount sufficient to ensure that the resulting hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion has a high hard segment content, the proportion of hard segments to the total hard and soft segment content should be greater than 60%, particularly preferably greater than 70%, the hard segments referred to herein being small molecule diols (A)1) Dihydroxy carboxylic acid (B), diisocyanate (C) and trihydroxymethyl aminomethane, and the soft segment is macromolecular diol (A) with good flexibility2)。
Preferably, the chemical structure of the dihydroxy carboxylic acid is represented by formula (B):
Figure BDA0002510842290000031
wherein R is2is-H or alkyl, preferably-H or-CH3That is, the dihydroxy carboxylic acid is dimethylolpropionic acid or dimethylolbutyric acid. When the addition amount of the dihydroxy carboxylic acid is high, the synthesized hydroxyl polyurethane aqueous dispersion is more transparent, but the viscosity is higher, and the final solid content is not high; when the amount of the dihydroxy carboxylic acid added is small, the resulting polyurethane dispersion is milky, and when the amount is too small, the storage stability tends to be poor, and the amount of the dihydroxy carboxylic acid added is preferably 5 to 8% of the total weight of the diol, the dihydroxy carboxylic acid and the diisocyanate.
Preferably, the diisocyanate OCN-R3-NCO (C) is isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hydrogenated phenylmethane diisocyanate (H)12MDI), Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI), Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI). Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) is not rigid enough, which results in low hardness of the synthesized polyurethane product; toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) has high reactivity, the reaction process is difficult to control, gel is easy to generate to cause synthesis failure, and therefore, the most preferable diisocyanate OCN-R3-NCO (C) is isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) or hydrogenated phenylmethane diisocyanate (H)12MDI)。
Preferably, the catalyst (D) is at least one of a tin salt-based catalyst, a bismuth salt-based catalyst, a zirconium salt-based catalyst, a zinc salt-based catalyst, and a titanium salt-based catalyst, preferably a tin salt-based catalyst or a bismuth salt-based catalyst, and particularly preferably dibutyltin dilaurate or bismuth isooctanoate. When the addition amount of the catalyst is high, the reaction is too violent; when the addition amount is low, the reaction time is too long, and preferably, the addition amount of the catalyst is 0.01 to 0.1% of the total weight of the diol, the dihydroxy carboxylic acid and the diisocyanate.
Preferably, the chemical structure of the amine neutralizer is as shown in formula (E):
Figure BDA0002510842290000032
wherein R is4、R5And R6The amine neutralizing agent is alkyl or hydroxyl substituted alkyl, the amine neutralizing agent is preferably at least one of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, triethylamine and triisopropylamine, and particularly preferably N, N-dimethylethanolamine and triethylamine;
preferably, the amine neutralizer (E) is used in an amount of 70 to 110%, preferably 90 to 105%, based on the molar amount of the dihydroxy carboxylic acid (B).
Preferably, the heating reaction temperature is 50-70 ℃, preferably 55-65 ℃, in the invention, too high reaction temperature can cause too high acetone volatilization loss, and too low temperature can cause too slow reaction; the heating reaction time is 3-10h, and the reaction is preferably carried out until the NCO content reaches the theoretical value.
The invention also provides a high-hardness quick-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition prepared by the method.
The invention also provides a water-based two-component polyurethane coating, which comprises the hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition and the water-dispersible isocyanate curing agent
The hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition is obtained by reacting isocyanate monomer with dihydric alcohol and a blocking agent of trihydroxymethyl aminomethane, and can be cured with a water dispersible isocyanate curing agent to obtain a coating with extremely fast drying and extremely high final hardness.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition has high urethane bond density and high-content hard segment, after the hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition is crosslinked with a water-dispersible isocyanate curing agent to form a film, the urethane bond in the film can provide a hydrogen bond crosslinking point, the physical and mechanical properties of the film are improved, the high-content hard segment can bring faster physical drying, and the early hardness and the final hardness are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a reaction scheme for the preparation of the hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The materials referred to in the following examples are commercially available.
Example 1
Putting 38.0g of polyester diol XCPA-110 (Asahi Chun chemical, molecular weight 1000, synthesized by using phthalic anhydride and diethylene glycol as raw materials) into a reaction bottle, heating to 100 ℃ and 110 ℃, vacuumizing to remove water for 2h, cooling to below 70 ℃, introducing nitrogen, sequentially adding 36.7g of neopentyl glycol, 17.4g of dimethylolpropionic acid, 160.0g of acetone, 137.6g of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 0.2g of dibutyltin dilaurate while stirring, heating to 58-62 ℃, reacting for 6h, cooling to below 45 ℃, slowly adding 24.2g of trihydroxymethyl aminomethane in batches, heating to 50-55 ℃ after the addition is finished, and reacting until the NCO value is zero; adding 11.6g of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, stirring for 10min, adding 420.5g of deionized water under rapid stirring, and continuing to stir for 30 min; extracting acetone at 45 ℃ for 2h to obtain the transparent blue-light-carrying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion with the solid content of 37 wt%, the hydroxyl content of 4.0 wt% and the viscosity of 1200 cps.
Example 2
52.7g of 1, 4-butanediol, 26.1g of dimethylolpropionic acid, 226.0g of acetone and 244g of hydrogenated phenylmethane diisocyanate (H) were added in succession under nitrogen protection12MDI) and 0.2g of bismuth isooctanoate,heating to 58-62 ℃, and reacting for 7 h; cooling to below 45 ℃, slowly adding 36.3g of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane in batches, and after the addition is finished, heating to 50-55 ℃ for reaction until the NCO value is zero; adding 17.4g of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, stirring for 10min, adding 650.2g of deionized water under rapid stirring, and continuing to stir for 30 min; acetone was extracted at 45 ℃ for 2h to give a clear blue-banded hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion with a solids content of 35 wt%, a hydroxyl content of 4.3 wt% and a viscosity of 2100 cps.
Example 3
Putting 76.0g of polypropylene glycol N210 (Dow chemical, molecular weight 1000) into a reaction bottle, heating to 100 ℃ for 110 ℃, vacuumizing to remove water for 2h, cooling to below 70 ℃, introducing nitrogen, sequentially adding 115.0g of neopentyl glycol, 38.5g of dimethylolbutyric acid, 415.0g of acetone, 364.1g of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 0.4g of dibutyltin dilaurate while stirring, heating to 58-62 ℃, and reacting for 6 h; cooling to below 45 ℃, slowly adding 48.5g of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane in batches, and after the addition is finished, heating to 50-55 ℃ for reaction until the NCO value is zero; adding 26.3g of triethylamine, stirring for 10min, adding 937.4g of deionized water under rapid stirring, and continuing stirring for 30 min; acetone was pumped at 45 ℃ for 2h to give a translucent blue-tinted hydroxy polyurethane dispersion with a solids content of 40 wt%, a hydroxyl content of 3.2 wt% and a viscosity of 800 cps.
Comparative example 1
180.0g of polyester diol XCPA-110 (Asahi Kagaku chemical, molecular weight 1000, synthesized from phthalic anhydride and diethylene glycol) is put into a reaction bottle, heated to 100 ℃ and 110 ℃, vacuumized to remove water for 2h, cooled to below 70 ℃, introduced with nitrogen, stirred, added with 5.2g of neopentyl glycol, 25.5g of dimethylolpropionic acid, 228.3g of acetone, 115.4g of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 0.2g of dibutyl tin dilaurate in sequence, heated to 58-62 ℃ and reacted for 6 h. Cooling to below 45 ℃, slowly adding 24.2g of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane in batches, and after the addition is finished, heating to 50-55 ℃ for reaction until the NCO value is zero; adding 16.9g N N-dimethylethanolamine, stirring for 10min, adding 634.1g deionized water under rapid stirring, and continuing stirring for 30 min; extracting acetone at 45 ℃ for 2h to obtain transparent blue-light-carrying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion with the solid content of 35 wt%, the hydroxyl content of 2.9 wt% and the viscosity of 1600 cps.
Comparative example 2
38.0g of polyester diol XCPA-110 (Asahi Kagaku chemical, molecular weight 1000, synthesized from phthalic anhydride and diethylene glycol) is put into a reaction flask, heated to 100 ℃ and 110 ℃, vacuumized to remove water for 2h, cooled to below 70 ℃, introduced with nitrogen, stirred, added with 36.7g of neopentyl glycol, 17.4g of dimethylolpropionic acid, 160.0g of acetone, 137.6g of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 0.2g of dibutyl tin dilaurate in sequence, heated to 58-62 ℃ and reacted for 6 h. Cooling to below 45 ℃, slowly adding 26.8g of trimethylolpropane in batches, heating to 50-55 ℃ after adding, reacting for 4 hours, and then performing prepolymer gel to form aqueous dispersion.
Comparative example 3
38.0g of polyester diol XCPA-110 (Asahi Kagaku chemical, molecular weight 1000, synthesized from phthalic anhydride and diethylene glycol) is put into a reaction flask, heated to 100 ℃ and 110 ℃, vacuumized to remove water for 2h, cooled to below 70 ℃, introduced with nitrogen, stirred, added with 36.7g of neopentyl glycol, 17.4g of dimethylolpropionic acid, 160.0g of acetone, 137.6g of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 0.2g of dibutyl tin dilaurate in sequence, heated to 58-62 ℃ and reacted for 6 h. Cooling to below 45 ℃, slowly adding 27.2g of pentaerythritol in batches, heating to 50-55 ℃ after adding, reacting for 3h, and then performing prepolymer gel to form aqueous dispersion.
Performance testing
The hydroxyl polyurethane dispersions prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were compared with two commercial hydroxyl polyurethane dispersions, OH-PUD1538 (SMOHT chemical, 33 wt% solids, 2.5 wt% hydroxyl content), OH-PUD1930 (SMOHT chemical, 40 wt% solids, 1.5 wt% hydroxyl content). Commercial aqueous isocyanate curing agents were selected for the tests: OS-9016 (Guanzhi new material, NCO content 16.3 wt%, solid content 80 wt%, dilution solvent: PMA), and the hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion are prepared into the aqueous two-component polyurethane coating according to the following formula.
TABLE 1 formulation of the hydroxyl component
Specific reagent Mass percent Components Manufacturer of the product
Hydroxyl polyurethane dispersions 80 Aqueous hydroxy resin
Tego-902W 0.2 Defoaming agent Digao (high)
BYK-333 0.4 Leveling agent Chemistry of Pico
BYK-024 0.3 Defoaming agent Air chemistry
Hydropalat-140 0.4 Wetting agent Kening medicine
DPnB 1 Film forming aid Chemistry of Dow
DPM 2 Film forming aid Chemistry of Dow
OS-8W 0.3 Thickening agent Guanzhi (crown word)
OS-2020 0.4 Thickening agent Guanzhi (crown word)
Pure water 15
Wherein the ratio of the hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion to the isocyanate component is calculated as NCO/OH 1.5. And mixing the hydroxyl component and the isocyanate component, and then adjusting the mixture to proper viscosity by using water for construction. The construction conditions are as follows: scraping a film of 100um on a glass plate, standing at room temperature for 20min, and then putting into a 50 ℃ blast oven. The coating film was evaluated for drying speed and final hardness with a pendulum hardness tester (Konig pendulum) and the test results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 pendulum hardness (Konig pendulum, sec) of aqueous two-component polyurethane coatings
Figure BDA0002510842290000081
At the same time, we tested the gloss and pot life of the aqueous two-component polyurethane coatings formulated as described above, as shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 gloss and pot life of waterborne two-component polyurethane coatings
Figure BDA0002510842290000082
Figure BDA0002510842290000091
The above results show that the coatings prepared from the hydroxyl polyurethane dispersions of the present invention (examples 1-3) exhibit significantly improved drying speed and final hardness, while exhibiting comparable or superior gloss and pot life relative to the two commercial aqueous hydroxyl polyurethane dispersions. This is due to the very high density of urethane linkages in the hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition structure of the present invention, the additional crosslinking sites provided by hydrogen bonding, and the very high level of rigid hard segments, which results in very fast drying rates and very high final hardness. While comparative example 1, the hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion had a lower hard segment content (49 wt%) than the patented requirement of at least 60 wt%, so the resultant hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion cured with the isocyanate curing agent had significantly lower final hardness and hardness build rate. In addition, in comparative examples 2 and 3 in which trimethylolpropane or pentaerythritol was used as a blocking agent instead of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, since the reactivity of several hydroxyl groups of trimethylolpropane or pentaerythritol was close, the reaction with isocyanate was difficult to control, resulting in occurrence of gel during the synthesis.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments, and other changes, modifications, and substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a high-hardness quick-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition is characterized in that 15-40 parts by weight of dihydric alcohol, 3-10 parts by weight of dihydroxy carboxylic acid, 30-70 parts by weight of diisocyanate and 0.01-0.1 part by weight of catalyst are heated and reacted in an acetone solvent to obtain a prepolymer containing a terminal isocyanate group, the prepolymer and 5-12 parts by weight of trihydroxymethyl aminomethane are subjected to end-capping reaction, neutralized by an amine neutralizer and then added with water for dispersion, and the acetone solvent is removed to obtain a hydroxyl polyurethane aqueous dispersion, wherein the hydroxyl content of the hydroxyl polyurethane aqueous dispersion is 2-5 wt%, and the solid content of the hydroxyl polyurethane aqueous dispersion is 30-45 wt%.
2. The method for preparing a high-hardness quick-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diol comprises a small molecule diol and a large molecule diol, the molecular weight of the small molecule diol is 50-400, the molecular weight of the large molecule diol is 500-3000, the amount of the small molecule diol is 40-100% of the total weight of the diol, and the amount of the large molecule diol is 0-60% of the total weight of the diol.
3. The method for preparing a high-hardness and quick-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition according to claim 2, wherein the small-molecule diol is at least one of neopentyl glycol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, methyl propylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol and 1, 6-hexanediol, and is preferably neopentyl glycol; the macromolecular dihydric alcohol is at least one of polyether dihydric alcohol, polyester dihydric alcohol, polycarbonate dihydric alcohol and polycaprolactone dihydric alcohol, preferably polyether dihydric alcohol or polyester dihydric alcohol, and the molecular weight of the polyether dihydric alcohol and the polyester dihydric alcohol is 1000-2000-.
4. The method of preparing a high-hardness fast-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition according to claim 1, wherein the chemical structure of the dihydroxy carboxylic acid is as follows:
Figure FDA0002510842280000011
wherein R is2is-H or alkyl, preferably-H or-CH3
5. The method of preparing a high-hardness quick-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition according to claim 1, wherein the diisocyanate is at least one of isophorone diisocyanate, hydrogenated phenyl methane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate and toluene diisocyanate.
6. The method for preparing a high-hardness quick-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst is at least one of a tin salt catalyst, a bismuth salt catalyst, a zirconium salt catalyst, a zinc salt catalyst and a titanium salt catalyst, preferably a tin salt catalyst or a bismuth salt catalyst, and particularly preferably dibutyl tin dilaurate or bismuth isooctanoate.
7. The process for preparing a high-hardness fast-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition according to claim 1, wherein the chemical structure of the amine neutralizer is as follows:
Figure FDA0002510842280000021
wherein R is4、R5And R6The amine neutralizing agent is alkyl or hydroxyl substituted alkyl, the amine neutralizing agent is preferably at least one of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, triethylamine and triisopropylamine, and particularly preferably N, N-dimethylethanolamine and triethylamine; preferably, the amine neutralizer is used in an amount of 70 to 110 mole percent, preferably 90 to 105 mole percent, based on the dihydroxy carboxylic acid.
8. The process for preparing a high-hardness quick-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the heating reaction is 50 to 70 ℃, preferably 55 to 65 ℃; the heating reaction time is 3-10 h.
9. A high-hardness fast-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition prepared according to the process of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A waterborne two-component polyurethane coating comprising the basepolyurethane dispersion composition of claim 9 and a water-dispersible isocyanate curing agent.
CN202010465936.7A 2020-05-27 2020-05-27 High-hardness quick-drying hydroxyl polyurethane dispersion composition and preparation method thereof Pending CN111607056A (en)

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