CN111568900A - 吲哚美辛在抗冠状病毒感染中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及吲哚美辛在抗冠状病毒感染中的应用,提供了吲哚美辛抑制SARS冠状病毒的新用途及其新剂型,该新剂型为吸入制剂。吲哚美辛能够显著抑制SARS冠状病毒,因此有望成为治疗SARS冠状病毒引起的疾病的药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物研发领域,具体是说明吲哚美辛在抗冠状病毒感染中的应用。
背景技术
冠状病毒(Coronavirus)是一类感染人和其他脊椎动物,引起呼吸道、消化道炎症的致病单链RNA病毒。冠状病毒在系统分类上属套式病毒目(Nidovirales)冠状病毒科(Coronaviridae)冠状病毒属(Coronavirus),是自然界广泛存在的一大类病毒。2019新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是目前已知的第7种可以感染人的冠状病毒,和2003 年爆发的SARS-CoV冠状病毒在遗传上非常接近,根据国际病毒分类委员会认定,属于相同病毒种(表1),其余5种感染人的冠状病毒分别是HCoV-229E、HCoV-OC43、 HCoV-NL63、HCoV-HKU1、和MERS-CoV(引发中东呼吸综合征)。
表1
目前针对SARS冠状病毒和MERS-CoV缺乏有效的治疗方法,主要是对症治疗,目前临床上的治疗方法主要分为三类:1.免疫调节因子,如干扰素;2.阻止病毒入侵细胞分子,如S蛋白的单克隆抗体,针对S蛋白关键融合区域的多肽等;3.抑制病毒复制分子,如病毒聚合酶特异性抑制剂,广谱性蛋白酶抑制剂等。这些方法中,免疫调节因子和广谱性蛋白酶抑制剂均是非特异性治疗方法,副作用较大,治愈的病人容易留下后遗症,且治疗效果存在较大的个体差异性(Al-Hazmi,2016;Zumla et al.,2016)。
SARS病毒在外界的生存能力强,传染力很强。根据研究结果得知,在人体常见的排泄物痰、粪便和血液中,SARS病毒能长时间保持活力,并且能够以气溶胶的形式传播,既2003年爆发SARS-CoV以来,2019年底年再次大规模的爆发SARS-CoV-2,给人民的生命、生产和生活带来了严重危害,但是其治疗药物至今也没有问世。因此,寻找SARS有效的治疗药物是一件具有重大意义的事。但全新药物的开发周期很长,耗资巨大,来不及应对爆发的疫情,我们的开发策略是从现有的已经批准上市的药物(老药)中筛选能够抑制冠状病毒的药物。
吲哚美辛又称消炎痛,结构式如(图1),是一种经典的非皮质激素类的消炎解热和镇痛药,通过抑制环氧化酶(COX)减少前列腺素(PG)合成,制止炎症组织痛觉神经冲动的形成,抑制炎性反应,包括抑制白细胞的趋化性及溶酶体酶的释放等,从而产生解热、镇痛及消炎作用。经检索,未见吲哚美辛抗冠状病毒或SARS-CoV-2活性报道。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中用于治疗SARS冠状病毒感染的药物疗效不佳的问题,本发明提供了吲哚美辛在SARS冠状病毒感染中的应用,并且提供了一种吲哚美辛新的剂型,吸入式剂型,用于治疗SARS冠状病毒引起的肺炎及其并发症。
吲哚美辛又称消炎痛,是一种临床上常用的非皮质激素类的消炎解热和镇痛药。
我们用AI人工智能技术通过模拟病毒和宿主细胞的信号通路,筛选上千种老药对SARS-CoV-2的抑制作用,发现吲哚美辛具有潜在很强的病毒抑制作用。进一步的细胞水平的试验和动物实验证实了吲哚美辛能够显著抑制冠状病毒的复制,并且作用机制与目前临床上针对SARS治疗的3类方法不同,是一种全新的作用机制,吲哚美辛可以快速激活细胞内的蛋白激酶R从而激活细胞水平的病毒防御机制。
本发明的第一方面提供了一种如结构式(A)所示的吲哚美辛在预防或治疗冠状病毒药物中的应用,本发明所述的冠状病毒优选感染人类的冠状病毒;进一步的,所述的冠状病毒优选SARS-CoV-2,SARS-CoV或与其同种的病毒、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒MERS-CoV
本发明的第二方面,提供一种用于抑制冠状病毒的药物组合物,其包含吲哚美辛与一种以上药学上可接受的赋形剂、填充剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、或稳定剂。
本发明的第三方面,提供一种吲哚美辛的吸入剂型,用于增加吲哚美辛在局部肺部细胞的有效浓度,生物利用度更高,避免了肝脏的首过效应,更有效的治疗SARS肺炎。
本发明化合物或含有它的药物组合物可以单位剂量形式给药,给药途径可为肠道或非肠道,如吸入、口服、静脉注射、肌肉注射、皮下注射、鼻腔、口腔粘膜、眼、肺和呼吸道、皮肤、阴道、直肠等。给药剂型可以是液体剂型、固体剂型或半固体剂型。液体剂型可以是溶液剂(包括真溶液和胶体溶液)、乳剂(包括o/w型、w/o型和复乳)、混悬剂、注射剂(包括水针剂、粉针剂和输液)、滴眼剂、滴鼻剂、洗剂和搽剂等;固体剂型可以是片剂(包括普通片、肠溶片、含片、分散片、咀嚼片、泡腾片、口腔崩解片)、胶囊剂(包括硬胶囊、软胶囊、肠溶胶囊)、颗粒剂、散剂、微丸、滴丸、栓剂、膜剂、贴片、气(粉)雾剂、喷雾剂等;半固体剂型可以是软膏剂、凝胶剂、糊剂等。
本发明化合物药物组合物的给药剂量依照所要预防或治疗疾病的性质和严重程度,患者或动物的个体情况,给药途径和剂型等可以有大范围的变化。一般来讲,本发明化合物的每天的合适剂量范围为0.001-150mg/kg体重,优选为0.1-100mg/kg体重,更优选为0.5-60mg/kg体重,最优选为1-30mg/kg体重。上述剂量可以一个剂量单位或分成几个剂量单位给药,这取决于医生的临床经验以及包括运用其他治疗手段的给药方案
吲哚美辛作为经典的非皮质激素类的消炎解热和镇痛药已在临床长期应用,其安全性良好,药物代谢特性、毒副作用已经非常明确。而此次发现该药物抗冠状病毒的新用途将可快速使其应用于冠状病毒致病感染,特别是用于缓解2020年爆发的 SARS-CoV-2重大疫情。
附图说明
图1:吲哚美辛分子结构式
图2:实施例1中,吲哚美辛阻断SARS-CoV感染活性
具体实施方式
实施例1抗SARS-CoV感染药效学实验方法
本发明中应用SARS-CoV(TOR-2)感染人肺泡上皮细胞系A549。细胞单层铺满12 孔板培养皿,病毒产量由PFU和TCID50测定,单层铺满的A549细胞在37摄氏度感染 SARS-CoV1小时,感染复数(MOI)为10PFU/cell。病毒感染1小时后去除病毒接种液,PBS清洗3次,加入DMSO溶解的不同浓度的吲哚美辛,细胞活性用MTT法检测。结果显示,吲哚美辛可有效抑制SARS-CoV病毒对宿主细胞的感染,减少病毒颗粒产生,抑制作用与药物浓度正相关,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)为5μM(图2),在终浓度400μM时,吲哚美辛可以非常显著的抑制SARS-CoV,病毒数量降低了接近4个Log。用和吲哚美辛同样属于抑制环氧化酶(COX)的非皮质激素类的消炎药阿司匹林则没有对冠状病毒的抑制作用,说明吲哚美辛抑制SARS-CoV的机制和环氧化酶(COX)无关。以上涉及具有传染性的SARS-CoV病毒试验均在符合WHO的P3级生物安全防护实验室内完成。
实施例2抗SARS-CoV 2感染药效学实验方法
我们分别应用SARS-CoV2包膜S基因(SARS-CoV 2S,GenBank:MN908947.3,感谢上海交通大学系统生物医学研究院陶生策课题组馈赠质粒)通过共转染表达S蛋白的质粒和HIV核心质粒(pNL4-3-Luc-R-E-),可获得S蛋白为外壳包裹HIV核心的SARS-CoV 2 重组病毒SARS-CoV 2S/HIV,构建方法与此前构建SARS-CoV假病毒类似[Ying Guo,etc.Identification of a New Region of SARS-CoV S Protein Critical for ViralEntry.Journal of Molecular Biology 2009,394:600-605.]。该假病毒颗粒由于HIV载体上env、nef和vpr基因缺失,因此该病毒只能进入宿主细胞但不能复制,所以该病毒是安全的,同时该载体上带有一个荧光素酶报告基因,因此可以通过检测荧光素酶活性就可标示细胞被病毒感染的程度。细胞感染48小时后,弃去上清,然后向每孔被感染的细胞加入100μl细胞裂解液 (Promega)裂解细胞,将50μl荧光素酶底物(Promega)与30μl细胞裂解液混合后用荧光检测器测定细胞荧光素酶的相对活性,其活性的强弱反映了病毒的感染水平。
结果显示,吲哚美辛可有效抑制SARS-CoV-2病毒对宿主细胞的感染,减少病毒颗粒产生,抑制作用与药物浓度正相关,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)为1μM(表2)。吲哚美辛在浓度500μM未见细胞毒性。
表2
实施例3一种吲哚美辛的吸入剂型
吲哚美辛作为一种常用的非皮质激素类的消炎解热和镇痛药,目前主要的剂型为各种口服剂型、外用搽剂、栓剂等,没有吸入剂型。本发明提供一种吲哚美辛的吸入剂型,用于增加吲哚美辛在局部肺部细胞的有效浓度,生物利用度更高,避免了肝脏的首过效应,更有效的治疗SARS病毒感染等因素引起的肺炎。
吲哚美辛的水溶性差,我们采用在生理盐水中加入碳酸钠,调整溶液PH值至7.4,缓慢加入吲哚美辛,形成吲哚美辛钠盐,可显著增强其水溶性,配置成20mg/ML的吲哚美辛雾化吸入溶液,取2ml吲哚美辛雾化吸入溶液采用驱动式喷雾器给药,用药典 twinimpinger方法评估。结果显示,此法形成的气溶胶颗粒直径为1.0uM-6.0uM,在相当于口腔、咽喉部位的沉着率为1.2%;在相当于气管、肺部的部位沉着率为39.5%。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明任何形式上和实质上的限制,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明方法的前提下,还将可以做出若干改进和补充,这些改进和补充也应视为本发明的保护范围。凡熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,当可利用以上所揭示的技术内容而做出的些许更动、修饰与演变的等同变化,均为本发明的等效实施例;同时,凡依据本发明的实质技术对上述实施例所作的任何等同变化的更动、修饰与演变,均仍属于本发明的技术方案的范围内。
Claims (7)
1.吲哚美辛在制备预防或治疗冠状病毒感染中的应用。
2.一种药物组合物在制备预防或治疗冠状病毒感染中的应用,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物含有吲哚美辛以及药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
3.一种吲哚美辛的吸入剂型及其在治疗冠状病毒等因素导致的呼吸道炎症中的应用。
4.根据权利要求2的应用,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物还可以含有其他的抗病毒药物。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一项的产品和应用,其特征在于,所述的冠状病毒为感染人类的冠状病毒。
6.根据权利要求1-3任一项的产品和应用,其特征在于,所述的冠状病毒选自SARS-CoV、SARS-CoV 2、MERS-CoV或致普通感冒的冠状病毒。
7.根据权利要求1-3任一项的应用,其特征在于,所述的冠状病毒选自SARS-CoV、SARS-CoV 2或与其在国际病毒分类委员会(ICTV)冠状病毒分类中属于同种(species)的病毒。
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| CN112618540B (zh) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-02-11 | 中国医学科学院医药生物技术研究所 | 一种取代吲哚类化合物在制备抗冠状病毒制剂中的应用 |
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