CN111547810B - Method for arranging ultraviolet lamps in secondary water supply ultraviolet disinfection equipment - Google Patents
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- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 184
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000645 Hg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005622 photoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
- C02F1/325—Irradiation devices or lamp constructions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/32—Details relating to UV-irradiation devices
- C02F2201/322—Lamp arrangement
- C02F2201/3225—Lamps immersed in an open channel, containing the liquid to be treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/32—Details relating to UV-irradiation devices
- C02F2201/322—Lamp arrangement
- C02F2201/3227—Units with two or more lamps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2307/00—Location of water treatment or water treatment device
- C02F2307/14—Treatment of water in water supply networks, e.g. to prevent bacterial growth
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Abstract
The invention discloses an arrangement method of ultraviolet lamps in secondary water supply ultraviolet disinfection equipment, which comprises the following steps: firstly, detecting ultraviolet intensity at different distances from the central point of an ultraviolet lamp tube in tap water; calculating the irradiation time required by the tap water to receive the safe ultraviolet effective dose at different distances from the central point of the ultraviolet lamp tube; thirdly, calculating the theoretical minimum value of the cross section area of the corresponding disinfection container; fourthly, determining the arrangement scheme and the number of the ultraviolet lamps in the disinfection container; fifthly, determining the optimal arrangement scheme and then determining the cross section size of the disinfection container. The invention determines the optimal arrangement scheme of the ultraviolet lamps in the disinfection container under the condition of meeting the requirement of the maximum water flow by a quantitative calculation method, and determines the cross section size of the disinfection container, thereby furthest reducing the risk that the ultraviolet disinfection equipment cannot effectively exert the disinfection and sterilization effects and providing effective guarantee for the safety of drinking water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of secondary water supply disinfection of an urban water supply network system, in particular to an arrangement method of ultraviolet lamps in secondary water supply ultraviolet disinfection equipment.
Background
As early as 1878, human beings have discovered that ultraviolet rays in sunlight have a sterilizing effect. The ultraviolet sterilization and disinfection principle is that ultraviolet rays with proper wavelength can destroy the molecular structure of DNA or RNA in microbial organism cells to cause death of growing cells and regenerative cells, so that the sterilization and disinfection effects are achieved. Ultraviolet light is divided into four distinct bands by wavelength range: UVA (400-315 nm), UVB (315-280 nm), UVC (280-200 nm) and vacuum ultraviolet (200-100 nm). UVA and UVB are out of the range of the absorption peak of microorganisms, and the sterilization speed is very slow, so that the ultraviolet rays in the part are classified into the ineffective ultraviolet rays in practical application. The penetration of vacuum ultraviolet light is extremely weak and cannot be used for sterilization. The UVC is in the range of microbial absorption peaks and can be used for killing microbes, wherein the wave band with the strongest bactericidal effect is 250-270nm, and the ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 253.7nm are the wavelength with the strongest bactericidal effect in the UVC.
Ultraviolet sterilizing lamps (hereinafter referred to as ultraviolet lamps) are the core components of various ultraviolet sterilizing apparatuses and are divided into three types, namely, low-pressure low-intensity ultraviolet lamps, low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamps and medium-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamps, and the three types of ultraviolet lamps are characterized as follows. 1) Low pressure low intensity uv lamp: the ultraviolet lamp generates single-frequency ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 254nm, the photoelectric conversion rate is 35-45%, the pressure in the lamp tube is 0.13-1.33 Pa, the operating temperature is 40 ℃, the maximum output ultraviolet power of a single lamp tube can reach 65W, and the ultraviolet lamp is suitable for air disinfection and disinfection application of a low-flow water treatment system, and is particularly suitable for places without professional supervision. 2) Low pressure high intensity uv lamp: the ultraviolet lamp is similar to a low-voltage low-intensity ultraviolet lamp, single-frequency ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 254nm are generated, the photoelectric conversion rate is 35-45%, and the pressure in the lamp tube is 0.13-1.33 Pa; the mercury alloy lamp is higher than the current intensity and radiation energy generated by a common low-pressure mercury lamp under similar energy efficiency, so that the UVC output capacity of the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp is higher than that of the low-pressure low-intensity ultraviolet lamp, and the maximum output ultraviolet power of a single lamp tube can reach 150W; the operating temperature of the low-pressure high-strength ultraviolet lamp is about 110 ℃, and the low-pressure high-strength ultraviolet lamp is easier to scale and needs to be cleaned in time when being used for submerged installation and use in water, and is suitable for being applied to small and medium-sized water treatment plants. 3) Medium-pressure high-intensity uv lamp: emitting multi-wavelength electromagnetic waves (200-600nm), wherein only about 27-44% of ultraviolet energy is in the UVC range, only 7% of ultraviolet energy is output near 254nm, the photoelectric conversion rate is 10-15%, the energy consumption is one third of that of a low-pressure lamp, and the energy consumption is 3-3.5 times that of the low-pressure lamp; the operating temperature is 600-800 ℃, the pressure is 0.013-1.33 MPa, mercury in the lamp is liquid when the lamp is not started, the lamp needs to be carefully stored and used, and otherwise, the risk of leakage exists; in addition, because the operating temperature of the medium-voltage lamp tube is high, the lamp tube is easy to scale, the effective ultraviolet intensity of the lamp tube is greatly reduced, the lamp tube and the quartz sleeve are easy to damage, the lamp tube and the quartz sleeve can normally operate only by a specially designed descaling device, and the medium-voltage lamp tube is not suitable for a secondary water supply tank which is a place without the guard of professionals; but the output power of a single lamp tube of the medium-voltage high-strength ultraviolet lamp is high and can reach 1500W, so that the number of the used lamp tubes can be greatly reduced, the occupied area is correspondingly reduced, and the ultraviolet lamp is suitable for large-scale sewage treatment plants, rainstorm overflow and occasions with high space utilization rate requirements.
With the development of ultraviolet disinfection technology, a plurality of manufacturers have introduced various ultraviolet water disinfection devices for disinfecting drinking water (commonly called tap water).Ultraviolet water disinfection equipment is divided into tubular disinfection equipment and channel disinfection equipment, wherein an ultraviolet lamp tube of the tubular disinfection equipment is arranged in a closed pipeline, and an ultraviolet lamp tube of the channel disinfection equipment is arranged in an open water channel. Ultraviolet water disinfection equipment (hereinafter referred to as ultraviolet disinfection equipment for short) applied to secondary water supply disinfection is tubular disinfection equipment, the sterilization effect of the ultraviolet disinfection equipment is determined by the ultraviolet dose received by microorganisms, the ultraviolet dose refers to the ultraviolet energy received on a unit area, and the common unit is mJ/cm2(J is Joule, abbreviated as Joule, and is a unit of energy expressed by International Unit System, 1 Joule is equal to 1 watt of power and works in 1 second, and 1 Joule is 1 watt-second), and the calculation formula is as follows: uv dose-UVC intensity x irradiation time. UVC intensity refers to the amount of UVC energy received per unit area perpendicular to the direction of UV propagation per unit time, and is commonly reported in mW/cm2(ii) a The unit of the irradiation time is s. In article 5.10.2 of national Standard GB/T19837-2”。
Because the ultraviolet intensity in the ultraviolet disinfection equipment is inconvenient to be directly detected, a method for indirectly detecting the ultraviolet dose of water flow passing through the ultraviolet disinfection equipment under different flow rates is provided in the national standard GB/T32091-2015 ultraviolet dose testing method for ultraviolet water disinfection equipment. Because the method needs to add live bacteria, the detection can not be implemented on the installation site of the ultraviolet disinfection equipment; and because a water supply scene continuously exceeding the actual maximum water flow is difficult to realize in a laboratory, few laboratories in China can detect the ultraviolet dose of the ultraviolet disinfection equipment by using the method so far. In summary, although various ultraviolet disinfection devices have been introduced by many manufacturers for disinfection of secondary water supplies, it is unknown whether these ultraviolet disinfection devices meet the minimum dosage requirements specified in the national standard GB/T19837-2019.
Considering that the microbiological indicator of the domestic drinking water is a key indicator of the domestic drinking water, in order to ensure that the ultraviolet disinfection equipment can effectively exert the sterilization effect, the ultraviolet effective dose which can be reached by the existing ultraviolet disinfection equipment needs to be calculated to see whether the ultraviolet effective dose meets the minimum dose requirement specified by the regulations.
At present, the ultraviolet disinfection equipment is structurally characterized in that a plurality of ultraviolet lamps are arranged in a section of specially-made stainless steel pipeline, for example, an integrated pipeline type secondary water supply ultraviolet disinfection device is disclosed in 7, 9 days in 2014 in CN203699969U in the prior art, tap water is irradiated by the ultraviolet lamps in the section of pipeline to achieve the disinfection and sterilization effects, and the section of pipeline provided with the ultraviolet lamps is called a disinfection container. In practice, for many uv disinfection apparatus, the maximum flow of tap water through the disinfection container does not exceed 3 seconds. The effective dose of ultraviolet rays received by water flow in the disinfection container, which is far away from the ultraviolet lamp by 4cm, within 3 seconds is calculated according to experimental detection data and the requirements of the existing regulations, and the position of 4cm is selected based on that the distances between the center point of the outermost ultraviolet lamp in a plurality of ultraviolet disinfection equipment and the pipeline wall of the disinfection container exceed 4 cm.
The low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp with the UVC output power of 140W, which is produced by Heley special light source Limited company, is selected for experiment, and the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp with the maximum UVC output power is produced at present. Installing a quartz sleeve outside according to the installation requirement of the product, installing an ultraviolet lamp in a special water tank, starting measurement after the ultraviolet lamp is started for 100h, measuring UVC intensity (the origin of the distance is the central point of a lamp tube) at different distances on the normal line of the lamp tube (the line passing through the central point of the lamp tube and vertical to the lamp tube) by using an ultraviolet intensity meter capable of measuring the UVC intensity in water, taking the average value of 10 times of measurement data as the measurement result, and taking the measurement result of the UVC intensity at a position 4cm away from the central point of the lamp tube as 30.8mW/cm2. According to the requirements of national standard GB/T19837-2019 ultraviolet disinfection equipment for urban water supply and drainage, calculating the ultraviolet effective agent received by water flow 4cm away from the central point of an ultraviolet lamp within 3 secondsQuantity: 1) article 3.1 of the standards states that "the ultraviolet lamp aging factor is the ratio of the ultraviolet output power of the ultraviolet lamp at a certain time to the ultraviolet output power of the ultraviolet lamp after 100 hours of initial operation". 2) Article 5.1.1 of the standards states that "after the aging coefficient of the ultraviolet lamp passes the third party verification, the effective dose of the ultraviolet rays can be calculated by using the aging coefficient passing the verification, but the maximum value of the aging coefficient should not exceed 0.8; if the ultraviolet lamp aging factor is not verified by a third party, a default value of 0.5 should be used as the ultraviolet lamp aging factor, and the effective dosage of ultraviolet rays of the equipment is calculated ". 3) Article 5.2.2 of the Standard proposes that "the fouling factor of the quartz sleeve of the UV lamp should be taken into account in the calculation of the effective dose of UV rays in the apparatus. After the scaling coefficient of the ultraviolet lamp quartz sleeve is verified by a third party, the effective ultraviolet dose of the equipment can be calculated by using the verified scaling coefficient. And if the scaling coefficient value of the quartz sleeve of the ultraviolet lamp is not verified by a third party, using a default value of 0.6 as the scaling coefficient of the quartz sleeve of the ultraviolet lamp, and calculating the effective dose of ultraviolet rays of the equipment. 4) Thus, the following results were obtained: the effective dosage of ultraviolet ray is UVC intensity, irradiation time, ultraviolet lamp aging coefficient and ultraviolet lamp quartz sleeve scaling coefficient is 30.8 × 3 × 0.5 × 0.6 is 27.7mJ/cm2. The result does not reach 40mJ/cm specified in the national standard GB/T19837-2019 ultraviolet disinfection equipment for urban water supply and drainage2The minimum dosage requirement of (c). In practice, many UV disinfection devices do not use UV lamps of a brand and 140W in UVC output for cost reasons, and therefore receive a UV dose ratio of 27.7mJ/cm in a stream of water at a distance of 4cm from the center point of the UV lamps when tap water is flowing through the disinfection container at maximum flow rate2But much lower.
In summary, when tap water flows through the disinfection container at the maximum flow rate, the effective dose of ultraviolet rays received by the water flow farthest away from the ultraviolet lamp of many ultraviolet disinfection devices can not reach 40mJ/cm specified in the national standard GB/T19837-2019 urban water supply and drainage ultraviolet disinfection device2The minimum dosage requirement of (c). The reason for this is mainly due to the general use of the total power of the uv disinfection apparatus (referred to as the uv disinfection apparatus inside)The power of all ultraviolet lamps is summed, and the ultraviolet intensity of a single ultraviolet lamp is positively correlated with the UVC output power) to calculate the effective dosage of the ultraviolet rays at each position in the disinfection container. However, this calculation method is incorrect for two reasons: 1) tap water flows from one end to the other end in one time without flowing back and forth when flowing through a disinfection container of the ultraviolet disinfection equipment; 2) the attenuation of the uv intensity in water is exponentially attenuated as the distance increases, so that the uv radiation received by the water stream is primarily affected only by the nearest uv lamp, the other uv lamps having little effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides an arrangement method of ultraviolet lamps in secondary water supply ultraviolet disinfection equipment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for arranging ultraviolet lamps in secondary water supply ultraviolet disinfection equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
detecting ultraviolet intensity at different distances from the central point of an ultraviolet lamp tube in tap water;
step two, according to the result of the step one, calculating the irradiation time required by the tap water to receive the safe ultraviolet effective dose at different distances from the central point of the ultraviolet lamp tube;
step three, according to the result of the step two, combining the maximum flow of the ultraviolet disinfection equipment in the use place and the determined length of the disinfection container, and calculating the theoretical minimum value of the cross section area of the corresponding disinfection container;
step four, determining the arrangement scheme and the number of the ultraviolet lamps in the disinfection container according to the result of the step three;
and step five, determining the optimal arrangement scheme according to the number of the ultraviolet lamps, and then determining the cross section size of the disinfection container.
The disinfection container is cuboid.
In the first step, the central point of the lamp tube refers to the middle point of the axis of the lamp tube of the ultraviolet lamp, the detection point is selected on the normal line of the lamp tube, the normal line of the lamp tube refers to the straight line which passes through the central point of the lamp tube and is perpendicular to the axis of the lamp tube, the ultraviolet lamp can be placed in water for detection after a quartz sleeve is installed, and the detection data of a new ultraviolet lamp can be used for subsequent calculation after the new ultraviolet lamp runs for 100 hours; the vertical distance between the detection point and the central point of the lamp tube is represented by r, and the ultraviolet intensity measured at the position r away from the central point of the lamp tube is represented by IrAnd (4) showing.
In the second step, the vertical distance between the detection point in the first step and the central point of the lamp tube is set as r, and the ultraviolet intensity measured at the position r away from the central point of the lamp tube is IrShowing that the irradiation time of tap water for receiving safe ultraviolet effective dose at a position r away from the central point of the lamp tube is TrAnd then:
d in formula (1)0The minimum dosage requirement required to be met by the ultraviolet disinfection equipment for disinfecting the domestic drinking water specified in the national standard GB/T19837-2019, namely 40mJ/cm2(ii) a K is the minimum dose safety factor, the value range is 1.5-3, and the optimal value is 2; K.D0Is a safe ultraviolet effective dose; cLHIs the aging factor of the ultraviolet lamp; cJGIs the scaling coefficient of the quartz sleeve of the ultraviolet lamp.
In the third step, the ultraviolet irradiation time T is setrTheoretical minimum value of corresponding cross-sectional area of sterilization container is SrAnd then:
q in formula (2)maxIndicating the maximum flow rate of the place where the uv disinfection apparatus is used and L indicating the determined length of the disinfection container.
In the fourth step, the arrangement rule of the ultraviolet lamps in the disinfection container is as follows: all the ultraviolet lamps are arranged in parallel with the axis of the disinfection container, the ultraviolet lamps are arranged on the cross section of the disinfection container in order according to a rectangular array mode, the vertical distances of two adjacent ultraviolet lamps are equal no matter in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction, and the vertical distances of the ultraviolet lamps on the outermost layer and the wall of the disinfection container are equal;
the method for determining the arrangement scheme and the number of the ultraviolet lamps in the disinfection container comprises the following steps: arranged in the horizontal direction of the cross section of the sterilization container with n1Ultraviolet lamps arranged in rows with n in the vertical direction of the cross-section of the sterilization container2A line ultraviolet lamp, and n1≥n2(ii) a Setting the vertical distance between two adjacent ultraviolet lamps as d, and satisfying that d is k r, wherein k is an arrangement parameter of the ultraviolet lamps, and the value range is 2-3, preferably 2; is provided with
Then:
(n1-1)·(n2-1)<A≤n1·n2 (3)
n is obtained from the formula (3)1And n2A plurality of solutions of, select n1/n2N is less than or equal to 31·n2The smallest solution is used as the arrangement scheme of the ultraviolet lamps when n is1·n2When equal, select n1And n2The solution with the closest numerical value is used as the arrangement scheme of the ultraviolet lamps;
if the number of the ultraviolet lamps is N, then:
N＝n1·n2 (4)。
in the fifth step, the method for determining the optimal arrangement scheme of the ultraviolet lamps comprises the following steps: the arrangement scheme using the least number of ultraviolet lamps is selected first, and the arrangement scheme using the smallest theoretical cross-sectional area of the sterilization container is selected when the number of ultraviolet lamps is the same.
In the fifth step, the method for determining the cross-sectional dimension of the disinfection container comprises the following steps: if the width of the cross section of the disinfection container is x and the height is y, the vertical distance between the outermost ultraviolet lamp and the wall of the disinfection container is equal to the corresponding r, then:
A＝(n1-1)kr+2r (5)
y＝(n2-1)kr+2r (6)。
the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention calculates the effective dose of the ultraviolet rays received by the water flow at different distances from the ultraviolet lamp based on the ultraviolet intensity of the single ultraviolet lamp at different distances from the central point of the lamp tube of the single ultraviolet lamp in the water, rather than calculating based on the ultraviolet intensity corresponding to the total power of the ultraviolet disinfection equipment, thereby ensuring the scientificity and accuracy of the calculation result, and effectively ensuring that the effective dose of the ultraviolet rays received by the water flow at the position farthest from the ultraviolet lamp in the ultraviolet disinfection equipment can also meet the minimum dose requirement specified by the regulation.
2. The invention takes into account that there are some uncertain factors in practice, such as a certain error of the same batch of ultraviolet lamps of the same manufacturer, the ultraviolet intensity emitted by one ultraviolet lamp is not evenly distributed from one end to the other end, the space occupied by the ultraviolet lamp reduces the effective volume of the disinfection container, the ultraviolet intensity at the position outside the vertical distance between the wall of the disinfection container and the ultraviolet lamp is weakened, and the like, when the calculation is carried out by using the minimum dosage requirement, the minimum dosage safety factor is multiplied on the basis of the minimum dosage requirement specified by the regulation, thereby eliminating the influence of various uncertain factors to the maximum extent.
3. The invention uses the indexes of the aging coefficient and the scaling coefficient when calculating the effective dosage of the ultraviolet rays of the ultraviolet lamp, thereby ensuring that the calculation result is more reliable.
4. The invention adopts the cuboid as the shape of the disinfection container of the ultraviolet disinfection equipment, and is easier to produce and install.
5. The invention can select the optimal arrangement scheme from a plurality of ultraviolet lamp arrangement schemes, which fully embodies the flexibility and the practicability of the design, thereby more effectively saving the cost under the condition of ensuring the disinfection and sterilization effects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the results of calculations performed in example 2 using UV lamps of type NNI300/147 XL;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the preferred arrangement of the UV lamps in the cross-section of the sterilization container as determined in example 2;
labeled as: 1. the container wall of the disinfection container 2, an ultraviolet lamp 3, a horizontal line 4 and a vertical line.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The invention discloses an arrangement method of ultraviolet lamps in secondary water supply ultraviolet disinfection equipment, which comprises the following steps:
detecting ultraviolet intensity at different distances from the central point of an ultraviolet lamp tube in tap water, setting a plurality of detection points according to the different distances from the central point of the ultraviolet lamp tube during detection, detecting to obtain the ultraviolet intensity corresponding to each detection point, and taking the distance from the detection points to the central point of the ultraviolet lamp tube as the farthest vertical distance from the tap water to the central point of the ultraviolet lamp tube in the disinfection container during later design.
And step two, calculating the irradiation time required by the tap water to receive the safe ultraviolet effective dose at different distances from the central point of the ultraviolet lamp tube according to the result of the step one, and obtaining the irradiation time required by the tap water to receive the safe ultraviolet effective dose at each farthest vertical distance in the disinfection container after the calculation is finished.
And step three, according to the result of the step two, combining the maximum flow of the ultraviolet disinfection equipment in the use place and the determined length of the disinfection container, and calculating the theoretical minimum value of the cross section area of the corresponding disinfection container. Because the irradiation time required by tap water in the disinfection container at each farthest vertical distance is different, after calculation, the theoretical minimum value of the cross-sectional area of the disinfection container required by the tap water in the disinfection container at each farthest vertical distance can be obtained.
In the step, the disinfection container is cuboid, and the length of the disinfection container is determined according to the length of the ultraviolet lamp and is slightly larger than that of the ultraviolet lamp.
And step four, determining the arrangement scheme and the number of the ultraviolet lamps in the disinfection container according to the result of the step three, specifically, determining the arrangement scheme and the number of the ultraviolet lamps in the disinfection container corresponding to tap water in each farthest vertical distance in the disinfection container according to the result of the step three.
And step five, determining the optimal arrangement scheme according to the number of the ultraviolet lamps, and then determining the cross section size of the disinfection container.
The above steps are specifically described below with reference to the formula:
in the first step, the central point of the lamp tube refers to the middle point of the axis of the lamp tube of the ultraviolet lamp, the detection point is selected on the normal line of the lamp tube, the normal line of the lamp tube refers to the straight line which passes through the central point of the lamp tube and is perpendicular to the axis of the lamp tube, the ultraviolet lamp can be placed in water for detection after a quartz sleeve is installed, and the detection data of a new ultraviolet lamp can be used for subsequent calculation after the new ultraviolet lamp runs for 100 hours; the vertical distance between the detection point and the central point of the lamp tube is represented by r, and the ultraviolet intensity measured at the position r away from the central point of the lamp tube is represented by IrAnd (4) showing.
In the second step, the vertical distance between the detection point in the first step and the central point of the lamp tube is set as r, and the ultraviolet intensity measured at the position r away from the central point of the lamp tube is IrShowing that the irradiation time of tap water for receiving safe ultraviolet effective dose at a position r away from the central point of the lamp tube is TrAnd then:
d in formula (1)0The minimum dosage requirement required to be met by the ultraviolet disinfection equipment for disinfecting the domestic drinking water specified in the national standard GB/T19837-2019, namely 40mJ/cm2(ii) a K is the minimum dose safety factor, the value range is 1.5-3, and the optimal value is 2; K.D0Is a safe ultraviolet effective dose; cLHIs the aging factor of the ultraviolet lamp; cJGIs the scaling coefficient of the quartz sleeve of the ultraviolet lamp.
In the third step, the ultraviolet irradiation time T is setrTheoretical minimum value of corresponding cross-sectional area of sterilization container is SrAnd then:
q in formula (2)maxIndicating the maximum flow rate of the place where the uv disinfection apparatus is used and L indicating the determined length of the disinfection container.
In the fourth step, the arrangement rule of the ultraviolet lamps in the disinfection container is as follows: all the ultraviolet lamps are arranged in parallel with the axis of the disinfection container, the ultraviolet lamps are arranged on the cross section of the disinfection container in order according to a rectangular array mode, the vertical distances of two adjacent ultraviolet lamps are equal no matter in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction, and the vertical distances of the ultraviolet lamps on the outermost layer and the wall of the disinfection container are equal;
the method for determining the arrangement scheme and the number of the ultraviolet lamps in the disinfection container comprises the following steps: arranged in the horizontal direction of the cross section of the sterilization container with n1Ultraviolet lamps arranged in rows with n in the vertical direction of the cross-section of the sterilization container2A line ultraviolet lamp, and n1≥n2(ii) a Setting the vertical distance between two adjacent ultraviolet lamps as d, and satisfying that d is k r, wherein k is an arrangement parameter of the ultraviolet lamps, and the value range is 2-3, preferably 2; is provided with
Then:
(n1-1)·(n2-1)<A≤n1·n2 (3)
n is obtained from the formula (3)1And n2A plurality of solutions of, select n1/n2N is less than or equal to 31·n2Minimum sizeSolution as an arrangement scheme of ultraviolet lamps when n1·n2When equal, select n1And n2The solution with the closest numerical value is used as the arrangement scheme of the ultraviolet lamps;
if the number of the ultraviolet lamps is N, then:
N＝n1·n2 (4)。
in the fifth step, the method for determining the optimal arrangement scheme of the ultraviolet lamps comprises the following steps: the arrangement scheme using the least number of ultraviolet lamps is selected first, and the arrangement scheme using the smallest theoretical cross-sectional area of the sterilization container is selected when the number of ultraviolet lamps is the same.
In the fifth step, the method for determining the cross-sectional dimension of the disinfection container comprises the following steps: if the width of the cross section of the disinfection container is A and the height is y, the vertical distance between the outermost ultraviolet lamp and the wall of the disinfection container is equal to the corresponding r, then:
A＝(n1-1)kr+2r (5)
y＝(n2-1)kr+2r (6)。
by adopting the specific technical scheme, the optimal arrangement scheme of the ultraviolet lamps in the disinfection container can be determined under the condition of meeting the requirement of the maximum water flow, the cross section size of the disinfection container is determined, the problem that the existing ultraviolet disinfection equipment cannot meet the minimum dosage requirement specified in the national standard is solved, the risk that the ultraviolet disinfection equipment cannot effectively exert the disinfection and sterilization effects is reduced to the maximum extent, and the effective guarantee is provided for the safety of drinking water.
Example 2
This embodiment is further described with reference to specific actual data on the basis of embodiment 1, which is specifically as follows:
step one, detecting ultraviolet intensity at different distances from the central point of an ultraviolet lamp tube in tap water.
In the step, the ultraviolet lamp is a low-voltage high-intensity ultraviolet lamp with UVC output power of 105W and model number of NNI300/147XL, which are produced by Heley special light source company Limited, and the quartz sleeve is a product produced by Fushan Kovy photoelectricity company Limited.
The central point of the lamp tube refers to the middle point of the axis of the lamp tube of the ultraviolet lamp, the detection point is selected on the normal line of the lamp tube, and the normal line of the lamp tube refers to a straight line which passes through the central point of the lamp tube and is vertical to the axis of the lamp tube; after a quartz sleeve is installed outside an ultraviolet lamp, the ultraviolet lamp is placed in a special water tank to start operation, after 100 hours, the ultraviolet intensity at different distances from the central point of the lamp tube is detected, and a special sensor which is specially used for detecting the ultraviolet intensity in water and produced by Shenzhen Shang science and technology Limited is selected as an ultraviolet intensity meter; the vertical distance between the detection point and the central point of the lamp tube is represented by r, and the ultraviolet intensity measured at the position r away from the central point of the lamp tube is represented by IrIt is shown that r is selected to be 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm and 10cm, respectively, the ultraviolet intensity is measured 10 times at each detection point, 2 minutes are provided between the detections, and the arithmetic average of the results of the 10 measurements is taken as the ultraviolet intensity at the detection point, and the final result is shown in FIG. 1.
And step two, calculating the irradiation time required by the tap water to receive the safe ultraviolet effective dose at different distances from the central point of the ultraviolet lamp tube according to the result of the step one.
In this step, the irradiation time required for tap water to receive the effective dose of safe ultraviolet rays at a distance r from the central point of the lamp tube is set to TrAnd then:
d in formula (1)0The minimum dosage requirement required to be met by the ultraviolet disinfection equipment for disinfecting the domestic drinking water specified in the national standard GB/T19837-2019, namely 40mJ/cm2(ii) a K is the minimum dose safety factor, and the choice in this example is 2; K.D0Is a safe ultraviolet effective dose; cLHThe aging factor of the ultraviolet lamp is selected to be 0.5 in the embodiment; cJGThe scaling factor of the quartz sleeve of the ultraviolet lamp is selected to be 0.6 in the embodiment; according to different IrCalculate TrThe results are shown in FIG. 1.
And step three, according to the result of the step two, combining the maximum flow of the ultraviolet disinfection equipment in the use place and the determined length of the disinfection container, and calculating the theoretical minimum value of the cross section area of the corresponding disinfection container.
In this step, the ultraviolet irradiation time T is setrTheoretical minimum value of corresponding cross-sectional area of sterilization container is SrAnd then:
t in formula (2)rIn the same sense, QmaxRepresents the maximum flow rate of the place where the ultraviolet disinfection equipment is used, and is 32m in the embodiment3H, multiplied by 106/3600 is to convert a unit to cm3S; l represents the length of the sterilization container determined, the embodiment being chosen to be 100 cm; according to different TrCalculate SrThe results are shown in FIG. 1.
And step four, determining the arrangement scheme and the number of the ultraviolet lamps in the disinfection container according to the result of the step three.
In this step, the arrangement rule of the ultraviolet lamps in the cuboid disinfection container is as follows: all the ultraviolet lamps are arranged in parallel with the axis of the disinfection container, the ultraviolet lamps are arranged in order on the cross section of the disinfection container in a rectangular array mode, the vertical distance between every two adjacent ultraviolet lamps is equal in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction, and the vertical distance between the outermost ultraviolet lamp and the wall of the disinfection container is equal.
The method for determining the arrangement scheme and the number of the ultraviolet lamps in the cuboid-shaped disinfection container comprises the following steps: arranged in the horizontal direction of the cross section of the sterilization container with n1Ultraviolet lamps arranged in rows with n in the vertical direction of the cross-section of the sterilization container2A line ultraviolet lamp, and n1≥n2(ii) a Setting the vertical distance between two adjacent ultraviolet lamps as d, satisfying d ═ k · r, where k is an arrangement parameter of the ultraviolet lamps, and the embodiment is selected as 2; is provided with
Then:
(n1-1)·(n2-1)<A≤n1·n2 (3)
n is obtained from the formula (3)1And n2A plurality of solutions of, select n1/n2N is less than or equal to 31·n2The smallest solution is used as the arrangement scheme of the ultraviolet lamps when n is1·n2When equal, select n1And n2The solution with the closest numerical value is used as the arrangement scheme of the ultraviolet lamps;
if the number of the ultraviolet lamps is N, then:
N＝n1·n2 (4)。
in this step, a calculated for different r is shown in fig. 1; wherein when r is 5cm, a is 12.1, n is obtained according to formula (3)1And n2The four solutions of (2): 13/1, 7/2, 5/3, 4/4; where the first two solutions are due to not satisfying condition n1/n2Abandoning it less than 3, in the latter two solutions, since 5/3 uses a smaller number of UV lamps compared with 4/4, n is finally obtained1＝5、n2The arrangement of 3 and N is 15, which means that 5 rows of ultraviolet lamps are arranged in the horizontal direction, 3 rows of ultraviolet lamps are arranged in the vertical direction, the vertical distance between two adjacent ultraviolet lamps is 10cm, and 15 ultraviolet lamps are used in total.
Wherein when r is 6cm, A is 10.35, n is obtained according to formula (3)1And n2Three solutions of (a): 11/1, 6/2, 4/3; wherein the first solution is due to not satisfying the condition n1/n2Abandoning when the solution is less than or equal to 3, and n in the last two solutions1·n2Are all 12, since n is in the solution of 4/31And n2The values are closer, so n is finally obtained1＝4、n2The arrangement of 4 rows of ultraviolet lamps in the horizontal direction and 3 rows of ultraviolet lamps in the vertical direction is 3 and N is 12, and the vertical distance between two adjacent ultraviolet lamps is 12cm, and 12 ultraviolet lamps are used in total.
And step five, determining the optimal arrangement scheme according to the number of the ultraviolet lamps, and then determining the cross section size of the disinfection container. The method for determining the optimal arrangement scheme of the ultraviolet lamps comprises the following steps: the arrangement scheme using the least number of ultraviolet lamps is selected first, and the arrangement scheme using the smallest theoretical cross-sectional area of the sterilization container is selected when the number of ultraviolet lamps is the same.
In this step, as can be seen from fig. 1, when r is 9cm and r is 10cm, the number of the used ultraviolet lamps is the least, and is 8; because the theoretical minimum value of the cross-sectional area of the disinfection container is smaller when r is 9cm, the arrangement scheme of the ultraviolet lamps when r is 9cm is selected as the optimal arrangement scheme of the ultraviolet lamps, namely 4 rows of ultraviolet lamps are arranged in the horizontal direction, 2 rows of ultraviolet lamps are arranged in the vertical direction, the vertical distance between every two adjacent ultraviolet lamps is 18cm, and 8 ultraviolet lamps are used in total, wherein the specific arrangement scheme is shown in fig. 2. Wherein the square outer frame in the figure represents the sterilization container wall 1, the circle in the sterilization container wall 1 represents the ultraviolet lamp 2, the horizontal dotted line in the sterilization container wall 1 represents the horizontal line 3, and the vertical dotted line in the sterilization container wall 1 represents the vertical line 4.
The method of determining the cross-sectional dimensions of the sterilization container is: if the width of the cross section of the disinfection container is x and the height is y, the vertical distance between the outermost ultraviolet lamp and the wall of the disinfection container is equal to the corresponding r, then:
x＝(n1-1)kr+2r＝(4-1)×18+2×9＝72cm (5)
y＝(n2-1)kr+2r＝(2-1)×18+2×9＝36cm (6)
the calculation results show that the cross section of the sterilization container is a rectangle with the width of 72cm and the height of 36cm, thereby obtaining the exact size of the sterilization container.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Claims (2)
1. A method for arranging ultraviolet lamps in secondary water supply ultraviolet disinfection equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
detecting ultraviolet intensity at different distances from the central point of an ultraviolet lamp tube in tap water;
step two, according to the result of the step one, calculating the irradiation time required by the tap water to receive the safe ultraviolet effective dose at different distances from the central point of the ultraviolet lamp tube;
step three, according to the result of the step two, combining the maximum flow of the ultraviolet disinfection equipment in the use place and the determined length of the disinfection container, and calculating the theoretical minimum value of the cross section area of the corresponding disinfection container;
step four, determining the arrangement scheme and the number of the ultraviolet lamps in the disinfection container according to the result of the step three;
step five, determining the optimal arrangement scheme according to the number of the ultraviolet lamps, and then determining the cross section size of the disinfection container;
the disinfection container is cuboid;
in the second step, the vertical distance between the detection point in the first step and the central point of the lamp tube is set as r, and the ultraviolet intensity measured at the position r away from the central point of the lamp tube is IrShowing that the irradiation time of tap water for receiving safe ultraviolet effective dose at a position r away from the central point of the lamp tube is TrAnd then:
d in formula (1)0The minimum dosage requirement required to be met by the ultraviolet disinfection equipment for disinfecting the domestic drinking water specified in the national standard GB/T19837-2019, namely 40mJ/cm2(ii) a K is the minimum dose safety coefficient and the value range is 1.5-3; K.D0Is a safe ultraviolet effective dose; cLHIs the aging factor of the ultraviolet lamp; cJGIs the scaling coefficient of the quartz sleeve of the ultraviolet lamp;
in the third step, the ultraviolet irradiation time T is setrTheoretical minimum value of corresponding cross-sectional area of sterilization container is SrAnd then:
q in formula (2)maxThe maximum flow rate of the ultraviolet disinfection equipment using site is shown, and L represents the determined length of the disinfection container;
in the fourth step, the arrangement rule of the ultraviolet lamps in the disinfection container is as follows: all the ultraviolet lamps are arranged in parallel with the axis of the disinfection container, the ultraviolet lamps are arranged on the cross section of the disinfection container in order according to a rectangular array mode, the vertical distances of two adjacent ultraviolet lamps are equal no matter in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction, and the vertical distances of the ultraviolet lamps on the outermost layer and the wall of the disinfection container are equal;
the method for determining the arrangement scheme and the number of the ultraviolet lamps in the disinfection container comprises the following steps: arranged in the horizontal direction of the cross section of the sterilization container with n1Ultraviolet lamps arranged in rows with n in the vertical direction of the cross-section of the sterilization container2A line ultraviolet lamp, and n1≥n2(ii) a Setting the vertical distance between two adjacent ultraviolet lamps as d, and satisfying that d is k r, wherein k is an arrangement parameter of the ultraviolet lamps and the value range is 2-3; is provided with
Then:
(n1-1)·(n2-1)＜A≤n1·n2 (3)
n is obtained from the formula (3)1And n2A plurality of solutions of, select n1/n2N is less than or equal to 31·n2The smallest solution is used as the arrangement scheme of the ultraviolet lamps when n is1·n2When equal, select n1And n2The solution with the closest numerical value is used as the arrangement scheme of the ultraviolet lamps;
if the number of the ultraviolet lamps is N, then:
N＝n1·n2 (4)；
in the fifth step, the method for determining the cross-sectional dimension of the disinfection container comprises the following steps: if the width of the cross section of the disinfection container is x and the height is y, the vertical distance between the outermost ultraviolet lamp and the wall of the disinfection container is equal to the corresponding r, then:
x＝(n1-1)kr+2r (5)
y＝(n2-1)kr+2r (6)。
2. the method of claim 1 for arranging ultraviolet lamps in a secondary water supply ultraviolet disinfection apparatus, wherein: in the fifth step, the method for determining the optimal arrangement scheme of the ultraviolet lamps comprises the following steps: the arrangement scheme using the least number of ultraviolet lamps is selected first, and the arrangement scheme using the smallest theoretical cross-sectional area of the sterilization container is selected when the number of ultraviolet lamps is the same.
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| GB9802715D0 (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 1998-04-08 | Mini Agriculture & Fisheries | Sterilization device |
| DK1137445T3 (en) * | 1998-11-28 | 2003-06-02 | Quay Technologies Ltd | Microwave-enabled ultraviolet light source |
| JP4468221B2 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2010-05-26 | 株式会社東芝 | Water treatment system using ultraviolet irradiation |
| CN101955243A (en) * | 2010-10-13 | 2011-01-26 | 同济大学 | Ultraviolet sterilizer |
| CN102052966B (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2012-05-23 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | An in-situ test platform for ultraviolet intensity distribution inside a ultraviolet sterilizer |
| KR20140028513A (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-10 | 윤성구 | Water sterilizer using ultra-violet light |
| JP5687742B1 (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2015-03-18 | 株式会社東芝 | UV irradiation equipment |
| CN203741087U (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-07-30 | 上海环保工程成套有限公司 | Ultraviolet disinfection system |
| CN105417626A (en) * | 2015-12-27 | 2016-03-23 | 天津川川智能科技有限公司 | Water treatment ultraviolet disinfection device |
| CN106006831B (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2019-02-19 | 山东大学 | An anti-pollution continuous three-dimensional photocatalytic sewage treatment device based on ultraviolet lamp array |
| CN106044937A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-10-26 | 安力斯（天津）环保设备制造有限公司 | Medium pressure ultraviolet tubular reactor with functions of online mechanical cleaning and chemical cleaning |
| CN108046372A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-18 | 浙江海拓环境技术有限公司 | A kind of light source intelligent regulator control system in ultraviolet light chemistry water treatment facilities |
| CN110002534B (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-11-05 | 重庆昕晟环保科技有限公司 | A kind of secondary water-supply ultraviolet ray disinfecting system controlled based on intelligent algorithm |
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