CN111539126A - Chemical storage tank steam cloud explosion accident simulation analysis method and system - Google Patents
Chemical storage tank steam cloud explosion accident simulation analysis method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation analysis method for steam cloud explosion accidents of a chemical storage tank, which comprises the following steps: analyzing the evaporation process of the liquid pool according to the physicochemical characteristics of substances stored in the chemical storage tank and the environmental conditions including wind direction and ground heat, and establishing a heat transfer model between the ground and the liquid pool according to the analysis result to obtain the actual fuel quantity in the steam cloud; and (3) establishing a steam cloud explosion consequence model by combining a TNT equivalent method based on the actual fuel quantity in the steam cloud, and carrying out simulation analysis on the steam cloud explosion accident consequence of the chemical storage tank. The invention can make the analysis result of the steam cloud model more accurate, and carry out simulation analysis on the hazard degree of life and property caused by the steam cloud explosion accident of the chemical storage tank, and the simulation result has high accuracy; and the optimal escape path can be rapidly planned according to the explosion simulation result and the actual environment information of the storage tank area, and is displayed on a GIS map in an animation mode, so that the staff is prompted to rapidly evacuate from the dangerous area, and the casualty risk is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical storage tank accident analysis, in particular to a chemical storage tank steam cloud explosion accident simulation analysis method and system.
Background
Vapor cloud explosions are explosions that occur due to the large leakage of gases or volatile liquid fuels, which mix with ambient air to form a combustible gas mixture covering a wide range, under the influence of ignition energy. Compared with general combustion and explosion, the damage range of gas cloud explosion is much larger, and the damage degree is much more serious. The accident consequence simulation analysis can qualitatively and quantitatively simulate the severity of damage to surrounding facilities, personnel and the environment caused by a possible accident, and provides emergency rescue and command information reference for decision makers and designers.
Chemical storage tank stores the material and usually liquid storage, in case leak, can form the liquid pool in low-lying department, forms the steam cloud explosion accident very easily, and the evaporation process in liquid pool is often neglected in traditional steam cloud explosion accident simulation, often directly uses for numerical calculation with the total capacity of storage tank to the fuel total amount in the steam cloud, leads to the fact the deviation of result unavoidably.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for simulating and analyzing a steam cloud explosion accident of a chemical storage tank, wherein the evaporation process of a liquid pool is analyzed according to the physicochemical characteristics of substances stored in the chemical storage tank, the wind direction environment and other conditions, and the actual fuel quantity in a steam cloud is obtained by establishing a heat transfer model between the ground and the liquid pool, so that the analysis result of the steam cloud model is more accurate; the overpressure shock wave is calculated by adopting a TNT equivalent method, a vapor cloud explosion model is established, the hazard degree of life and property caused by the vapor cloud explosion accident of the chemical storage tank is simulated and analyzed, and the simulation result has high accuracy; and the optimal escape path can be rapidly planned according to the explosion simulation result and the actual environment information of the storage tank area, and is displayed on a GIS map in an animation mode, so that the staff is prompted to rapidly evacuate from the dangerous area, and the casualty risk is effectively reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, with reference to fig. 1, the present invention provides a simulation analysis method for steam cloud explosion accidents of chemical storage tanks, where the simulation analysis method includes the following steps:
s1, analyzing the evaporation process of the liquid pool according to the physicochemical characteristics of the substances stored in the chemical storage tank and the environmental conditions including wind direction and ground heat, and establishing a heat transfer model between the ground and the liquid pool according to the analysis result to obtain the actual fuel amount in the steam cloud;
and S2, establishing a steam cloud explosion consequence model by combining a TNT equivalent method based on the actual fuel quantity in the steam cloud, and carrying out simulation analysis on the steam cloud explosion accident consequence of the chemical storage tank.
As a preferred example, in step S1, the process of analyzing the evaporation process of the liquid pool according to the physicochemical characteristics of the substance stored in the chemical storage tank and the environmental conditions including the wind direction and the ground heat, and establishing a heat transfer model between the ground and the liquid pool according to the analysis result to obtain the actual fuel amount in the vapor cloud includes the following steps:
s11, setting the liquid substance stored in the chemical storage tank to be in low-temperature liquid state when leaking from the leakage hole, and setting the pressure and the liquid level of the storage tank to be unchanged when leaking, and calculating by using the Bernoulli equation to obtain the leakage rate as follows:
wherein Q is the leakage rate of the liquid substance and has the unit of kg/s; rhoLIs the density of liquid material, and has unit of kg/m3(ii) a A is the area of the leakage hole and is given in m2(ii) a p is the pressure in the container in Pa; p is a radical of0Is atmospheric pressure in Pa; c. CdRepresenting a flow coefficient;
s12, under the condition of continuous leakage, the liquid substance is designed to extend from a leakage point to the edge of the cofferdam, and if no obstacle blocks in the whole extending process, the relation between the radius of the formed liquid pool and the time function is as follows:
wherein R (t) is the radius of the liquid pool of the liquid substance, and the unit is m; v is the volumetric flow rate of the liquid substance in m3S; t is the leakage time in units of s;
s13, providing heat from the ground when the liquid pool evaporates, and making the following assumptions on the whole evaporation process: firstly, one-dimensional Fourier heat conduction equation is adopted for heat transfer; secondly, the ground is made of flat concrete with neglected friction; the thickness of the thermal boundary layer is increased along with the increase of the radius of the liquid pool;
calculating the heat flow density of the liquid substance when the liquid substance transfers heat with the ground according to the following formula:
wherein q (t) is the heat flux density in units of dJ/(m)2S), lambda is the thermal conductivity of the ground in W/(m.K), delta T is the temperature difference between the liquid material and the ground in K, and α is the thermal diffusivity;
the thickness of the thermal boundary layer is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, the thickness of the thermal boundary layer is in mm;
and (3) combining the formula to obtain the evaporation rate of the liquid substance:
in the formula, VLThe evaporation rate is given in kg/s; hVThe evaporation heat of the liquid material is expressed in J/kg;
s14, calculating the time t for reaching the maximum evaporation rate by using a liquid pool radius and time function relation formulamaxCombined with evaporation rate V of the liquid substanceLThe calculation formula (2) yields the total evaporation of the liquid substance:
as a preferred example, in step S2, the process of establishing a vapor cloud explosion consequence model based on the actual fuel amount in the vapor cloud and combining with the TNT equivalent method, and performing simulation analysis on the chemical storage tank vapor cloud explosion accident consequence includes the following steps:
s21, evaluating the overpressure shock wave of the steam cloud explosion by adopting a TNT equivalent method, and calculating the TNT equivalent value of the flammable steam cloud explosion according to the following formula:
in the formula, WTNTTNT equivalent in kg for a flammable vapor cloud explosion, α is the percentage of fuel participating in the explosion and actually contributing to the shock wave generation, W is the percentage of the leakagefThe maximum amount of combustible leakage, and also the total evaporation of the liquid substance, in kg; qfThe unit is kJ/kg of the combustion heat value of combustible materials; qTNTThe explosive heat of TNT is kJ/kg;
and S22, analyzing the death radius, the serious injury radius, the light injury radius and the property loss radius based on the TNT equivalent value.
As one preferred example, in step S22, the death radii R are calculated based on the TNT equivalent values, respectively1Heavy injury radius R2Minor injury radius R3And radius of property loss R4；
Wherein the death radius R1The following conditions are satisfied:
radius of severe injury R2The following conditions are satisfied:
R2＝Z1·(E/P0)1/3
Δp1/p0＝0.137Z1 -3+0.119Z1 -2+0.269Z1 -1-0.019
WTNT＝E
minor injury radius R3The following conditions are satisfied:
R3＝Z2·(E/P0)1/3
Δp2/p0＝0.137Z2 -3+0.119Z2 -2+0.269Z2 -1-0.019
WTNT＝E
in the formula，Δp1And Δ p2The overpressure of the explosion shock wave is Pa; z is a dimensionless distance; p0Is the atmospheric pressure with the unit of Pa, here is 10100 Pa; Δ p1The value range of (A) is 10000 Pa-30000 Pa; Δ p2The value range of (A) is 30000Pa to 20000 Pa;
radius of property loss R4The following conditions are satisfied:
in the formula, WTNTIs the TNT equivalent of combustible material in kg; k2Is the second order destruction factor.
As a preferred example, the simulation analysis method further includes:
and S3, calculating to obtain the optimal escape path in the storage tank area under the steam cloud explosion state, and outputting a steam cloud explosion result simulation analysis report.
As a preferred example, in step S3, the step of calculating the optimal escape path in the storage tank area under the steam cloud explosion condition includes the following steps:
analyzing and obtaining a death area, a severe injury area and a mild injury area according to the death radius, the severe injury radius and the mild injury radius obtained by calculation and combining environmental information including the wind direction of the storage tank area and the escape gathering port of the storage tank area, and planning an optimal escape path by using the minimum injury amount as a target function;
and displaying the analysis result and the planned optimal escape path in the GIS graph of the storage tank area in an animation mode.
As a preferable example, the steam cloud explosion consequence simulation analysis report comprises an explosion consequence simulation diagram and an explosion consequence analysis result, and the explosion consequence analysis result comprises death radius, death number, serious injury radius, serious injury number, light injury radius, light injury number, property loss radius and property loss.
With reference to fig. 2, based on the foregoing method, the present invention further provides a simulation analysis system for steam cloud explosion accidents of chemical storage tanks, where the simulation analysis system includes a parameter obtaining module, a total evaporation amount calculating module, a steam cloud explosion consequence model, and a steam cloud explosion consequence simulation model;
the parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring the physicochemical characteristics of substances stored in the chemical storage tank and the environmental conditions including wind direction and ground heat in real time;
the total evaporation capacity calculation module is used for analyzing the evaporation process of the liquid pool according to the physicochemical characteristics of substances stored in the chemical storage tank and the environmental conditions including wind direction and ground heat, and establishing a heat transfer model between the ground and the liquid pool according to the analysis result to obtain the actual fuel capacity in the steam cloud;
the steam cloud explosion consequence model is used for calculating the TNT equivalent of steam cloud explosion and corresponding death radius, severe damage radius, mild damage radius and property loss radius by combining a TNT equivalent method based on the actual fuel quantity in the steam cloud;
the steam cloud explosion consequence simulation model is used for calculating to obtain an optimal escape path in the storage tank area in the steam cloud explosion state according to the calculation result of the steam cloud explosion consequence model, displaying the optimal escape path to a user in an animation mode through a GIS platform, and outputting a steam cloud explosion consequence simulation analysis report to an consequence simulation system.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following remarkable beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method, the evaporation process of the liquid pool is analyzed, the actual fuel quantity in the steam cloud is obtained by establishing the heat transfer model of the ground and the liquid pool, the accuracy of the calculation of the consequences of the steam cloud explosion accident of the storage tank is improved by improving the model, and the method has a reference significance compared with the traditional steam cloud explosion model.
(2) The method is characterized in that an overpressure shock wave is calculated by adopting a TNT equivalent method, a steam cloud explosion model is established, an overpressure, death radius, serious injury radius, light injury radius and property loss radius are calculated, then the damage degree of lives and properties caused by steam cloud explosion accidents of the chemical storage tank is simulated and analyzed, and the precision of a simulation result is high.
(3) The optimal escape path can be rapidly planned according to the explosion simulation result and the actual environment information of the storage tank area, and is displayed on the GIS map in an animation mode, so that the workers are prompted to rapidly evacuate from the dangerous area, and the casualty risk is effectively reduced.
It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts described in greater detail below can be considered as part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure unless such concepts are mutually inconsistent. In addition, all combinations of claimed subject matter are considered a part of the presently disclosed subject matter.
The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings can be more fully understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Additional aspects of the present invention, such as features and/or advantages of exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of specific embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of the chemical storage tank steam cloud explosion accident simulation analysis method.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a chemical storage tank steam cloud explosion accident simulation analysis system.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the flow coefficient for different leak hole shapes.
FIG. 4 shows the effect of shock waves on the injury of the human body
FIG. 5 is shock wave overpressure and distance data
Figure 6 is a graph of blast injury radius relationship.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing an application of the simulation analysis method of the present invention to one specific example thereof.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
With reference to fig. 1, the invention provides a simulation analysis method for steam cloud explosion accidents of a chemical storage tank, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, analyzing the evaporation process of the liquid pool according to the physicochemical characteristics of the substances stored in the chemical storage tank and the environmental conditions including wind direction and ground heat, and establishing a heat transfer model between the ground and the liquid pool according to the analysis result to obtain the actual fuel quantity in the steam cloud.
And S2, establishing a steam cloud explosion consequence model by combining a TNT equivalent method based on the actual fuel quantity in the steam cloud, and carrying out simulation analysis on the steam cloud explosion accident consequence of the chemical storage tank.
And S3, calculating to obtain the optimal escape path in the storage tank area under the steam cloud explosion state, and outputting a steam cloud explosion result simulation analysis report.
The invention aims to establish a heat transfer model between the ground and a liquid pool by analyzing the evaporation process of the liquid pool to obtain the actual fuel quantity in a steam cloud, establish a steam cloud explosion model by adopting TNT equivalent, simulate and analyze the consequences of the steam cloud explosion accident of a chemical storage tank so as to overcome the deviation of the calculation result of the steam cloud explosion model caused by directly using the total capacity of the storage tank for numerical calculation, show an optimal escape path in a GIS graph and simultaneously output a steam cloud explosion consequence simulation analysis report.
Preferably, the physicochemical characteristics of the chemical storage tank for storing substances and the environmental conditions including wind direction and ground heat comprise: the height, the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the storage tank, the operating pressure, the density and the filling coefficient of the liquid substance, the height of the liquid in the storage tank and the combustion heat of the liquid substance steam; ambient environmental parameters: wind direction, ground type, ambient pressure, ambient average wind speed, atmospheric density, regional population density, average property density, ambient temperature, and the like.
Specifically, with reference to fig. 7, the method of the present invention includes the following steps:
A. and calculating the total evaporation capacity of the liquid substance in the storage tank in the evaporation process on the ground.
A1. Calculation of leak rate
The leakage rate can be obtained by the Bernoulli equation, assuming that the pressure and the liquid level of the storage tank are unchanged during leakage, the leakage rate is low-temperature liquid when the leakage is leaked from the leakage hole:
wherein Q is the leakage rate of the liquid substance and has the unit of kg/s; rhoLIs the density of liquid material, and has unit of kg/m3(ii) a A is the area of the leakage hole and is given in m2(ii) a p is the pressure in the container in Pa; p is a radical of0Is atmospheric pressure in Pa; c. CdRepresenting the flow coefficient.
A2. Calculation of radius of liquid pool of liquid substance
Referring to the research result of BRITTER, under the condition of continuous leakage, the liquid substance starts from the leakage point and spreads to the edge of the cofferdam, and if no obstacle blocks in the whole process, the formed liquid pool radius and the time function relation are as follows:
in the formula, R is the radius of a liquid pool of the liquid substance, and the unit is m; v is the volumetric flow rate of the liquid substance in m3S; t is the leakage time in units of s.
A3. Calculation of the evaporation Rate of a liquid Material
The liquid pool provides heat from the ground during evaporation, and the following assumptions are provided for the whole evaporation process: firstly, one-dimensional Fourier heat conduction equation is adopted for heat transfer; secondly, the ground is made of concrete (flat and neglected friction); and the thickness of the thermal boundary layer is increased along with the increase of the radius of the liquid pool.
The heat flux density when the liquid substance transfers heat with the ground is as follows:
wherein q is the heat flux density in J/(m)2·s)；Lambda is the thermal conductivity of the ground in W/(m.K), △ T is the temperature difference between the liquid material and the ground in K, and α is the thermal diffusivity.
The thickness of the thermal boundary layer is:
in the formula, the thickness of the thermal boundary layer is mm.
The evaporation rate of the liquid substance is obtained from the formulas (3) and (4):
in the formula, VLThe evaporation rate is given in kg/s; hVThe heat of vaporization of the liquid material is expressed in J/kg.
A4. Calculation of Total Evaporation
Because the cofferdam is usually built around the large liquid substance storage tank, the radius of the liquid pool cannot be increased all the time, and when the diameter of the liquid pool is equal to the width of the cofferdam, the maximum evaporation rate of the liquid pool can be known by the formula (2). The evaporation rate is proportional to time by a scaling factor of 0.6 at the initial stage of leakage until the maximum rate is reached, as calculated by the multivariate integration method. After the maximum rate is reached, it can be seen from equation (2) that the evaporation rate is inversely proportional to the square root of time.
After the maximum evaporation rate is reached, calculating the time t for reaching the maximum evaporation rate by using the formula (2), and obtaining the total evaporation amount of the liquid substance by using the formula (5):
B. steam cloud explosion consequence model calculation
The explosion of the steam cloud can generate various destructive effects, such as overpressure of shock waves, heat radiation, fragment action and the like, wherein the most dangerous and destructive effect is the overpressure shock waves, and the consequence of the explosion of the steam cloud is simulated by adopting an overpressure criterion.
B1. The overpressure of the vapor cloud explosion is calculated by a TNT equivalent method.
TNT equivalent calculation formula of flammable vapor cloud explosion:
in the formula, WTNTIn kg for TNT equivalent, α in percent of fuel participating in the explosion and actually contributing to the shock wave generation, WfThe maximum amount of combustible leakage, and also the total evaporation of the liquid substance, in kg; qfThe unit is kJ/kg of the combustion heat value of combustible materials; qTNTThe explosive heat of TNT is expressed in kJ/kg.
B2. Radius of death.
The death radius means that the person within the radius is seriously injured or died without any exception if the person is unprotected. The death radius from the explosion can be calculated from the TNT equivalent. The calculation formula is as follows:
B3. the severe injury radius and the mild injury radius.
The radius of severe injury means that the majority of persons within the radius are severely injured if left unprotected, and the inner diameter is the radius of death. The minor injury radius indicates that the majority of persons within this radius are subjected to minor injury, with the inner diameter being the minor injury radius.
Radius of severe injury R2The following conditions are satisfied:
R2＝Z1·(E/P0)1/3
Δp1/p0＝0.137Z1 -3+0.119Z1 -2+0.269Z1 -1-0.019
WTNT＝E
minor injury radius R3The following conditions are satisfied:
R3＝Z2·(E/P0)1/3
Δp2/p0＝0.137Z2 -3+0.119Z2 -2+0.269Z2 -1-0.019
WTNT＝E
in the formula,. DELTA.p1And Δ p2The overpressure of the explosion shock wave is Pa; z is a dimensionless distance; p0Is the atmospheric pressure with the unit of Pa, here is 10100 Pa; Δ p1The value range of (A) is 10000 Pa-30000 Pa; Δ p2The value range of (A) is 30000Pa to 20000 Pa.
B4. Radius of property loss.
The property loss radius represents the total loss of the property within the radius, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, WTNTIs the TNT equivalent of combustible material in kg; k2Is the second order destruction factor.
C. Accident simulation analysis display and output
C1. Calculating optimal escape path for cloud explosion in storage tank area
And D, calculating the death radius, the serious injury radius, the light injury radius, the wind direction of the storage tank area, the escape gathering port of the storage tank area and other information according to the step B, calculating the death, serious injury radius, light injury area and the optimal path, and displaying the simulation result and the optimal escape path graph in a GIS graph in an animation mode.
C2. Output steam cloud explosion consequence simulation analysis report
And B, calculating the death radius, the heavy injury radius, the light injury radius, the wind direction of the storage tank area, the escape gathering port of the storage tank area and other information according to the step B, and outputting a steam cloud explosion consequence simulation analysis report, wherein the report content comprises an explosion consequence simulation diagram and analysis results, and the analysis results comprise the contents of the death radius (m), the number of people in death (man), the heavy injury radius (m), the number of people in light injury (man), the property loss radius (m), property loss (ten thousand yuan) and the like.
Detailed description of the invention
Assuming that the LNG storage tank is a single-tank having a height of 25.5m, an outer diameter of 43.5m and an inner diameter of 41.5m, the fill factor is 85%, and the combustion heat of LNG vapor is 55594 KJ/kg. Assuming that the LNG leakage port is circular, the area of the small hole is 0.05m2, the Reynolds coefficient is less than 100, the flow coefficient is 0.50 according to the flow coefficient chart Re-Cd in FIG. 3, and the density of the LNG is rhoL450kg/m3, atmospheric pressure p010100Pa, the pressure p in the container is 110Pa, the gravity acceleration is set as a standard value g of 9.80665 m/s 2, and the height h from the initial leakage liquid level to the leakage position is set as 15 m. It is assumed that the pressure does not change throughout the leak.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, calculating the total evaporation capacity of the liquid substance of the storage tank in the evaporation process on the ground.
(1) By using
The leak rate Q was calculated to be 205.6 kg/s.
(2) By using
When the liquid spreading is limited by the dike, the radius R of the liquid pool is equal to the radius of the dike, and the time for achieving the maximum evaporation rate is calculated to be tmax which is 81 s.
(3) Assuming a leak time of 20min, the function of the evaporation rate
(4) Integration gives a total boil off of 21814 kg of LNG.
And secondly, calculating the overpressure of the steam cloud explosion by adopting a TNT equivalent method, calculating the damage range through overpressure shock waves, and establishing a steam cloud explosion consequence model.
(1) The TNT equivalent of the liquid material was calculated using the TNT equivalent method:
wherein α is the percentage of the leakage of fuel participating in explosion and actually contributing to the generation of shock wave, and is 0.03, WfThe total evaporation capacity of the liquid substance is 21814 kg; qfThe combustion heat value of the combustible is 55594 KJ/kg; qTNTThe explosive heat of TNT is calculated in kJ/kg of 4500kJ/kgTNT＝14552.73kg。
(2) According to the following formula
The death radius R1 ═ 36.6295m was calculated.
(3) Respectively calculating the severe injury radius and the mild injury radius:
according to WTNTE14552.73 kg and the harmful effect of the shock wave on the human body, see fig. 4, determine △ P range, and then according to Δ P/P0＝0.137Z-3+0.119Z-2+0.269Z-10.019, and finally according to
And (5) calculating the heavy injury radius and the light injury radius.
According to fig. 5, when Δ P is 44000 Pa, the heavy damage radius can be determined to be 83.5576 m, and when Δ P is 17000Pa, the light damage radius can be determined to be 124.9245 m.
(4) Meanwhile, the property loss radius R is calculated through a calculation formula4：
In the formula, WTNTIs the TNT equivalent of combustible material in kg; k2The second-order damage coefficient is taken as 4.6, and the property loss radius is calculated to be 36.6295 m.
Thirdly, dynamically displaying the simulation result and outputting a report accident simulation analysis report:
through the calculation in the second step, when Δ P is 44000 Pa, the heavy damage radius can be determined to be 83.5576 m, when Δ P is 17000Pa, the light damage radius is determined to be 124.9245 m, and the calculated death radius and property loss radius are 36.6295m and 109.0179 m respectively.
The death radius, the serious injury radius, the light injury radius and the property loss radius can be intuitively seen through the graph 6, the injury radius is increased along with the injury degree, and planning of buildings and facility equipment around the LNG storage tank is facilitated. And the safe escape route is dynamically displayed on a GIS (geographic information System) map of the storage tank area according to parameters such as the surrounding environment, the wind direction, the death radius, accident escape gathering points around the storage tank and the like. Specifically, an initial death area, an initial severe damage area, an initial light damage area and an initial property loss area are planned through a death radius, a severe damage radius, a light damage radius and a property loss radius, the initial death area, the initial severe damage area, the initial light damage area and the initial property loss area are adjusted by combining parameters of the surrounding environment, wind direction and the like, for example, the initial death area, the initial severe damage area, the initial light damage area and the initial property loss area are deviated by a distance along the wind direction, or the area range of local positions is adjusted by combining the surrounding environment and the like, finally, an optimal escape route is planned according to the adjusted areas and accident escape gathering points around the storage tank, the minimum damage value is taken as a target, and the optimal escape route is dynamically displayed through a GIS (geographic information system).
In addition, the invention can also output an accident simulation analysis report according to the contents, including setting basic parameters, storage tank parameters, an explosion consequence simulation diagram and explosion consequence analysis results (including death radius (m), death number (people), serious injury radius (m), serious injury number (people), slight injury radius (m), slight injury number (people), property loss radius (m), property loss (ten thousand yuan) and the like).
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
As shown in fig. 2, the invention also provides a chemical storage tank steam cloud explosion accident simulation analysis system, which comprises a parameter acquisition module, a total evaporation amount calculation module, a steam cloud explosion consequence model and a steam cloud explosion consequence simulation model.
The parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring the physicochemical characteristics of the substances stored in the chemical storage tank and the environmental conditions including wind direction and ground heat in real time. Preferably, the physicochemical characteristics of the chemical storage tank for storing substances and the environmental conditions including wind direction and ground heat comprise: height, outside diameter, inside diameter of the tank, operating pressure, density of the liquid substance, filling factor, wind direction, ground type, ambient pressure, ambient mean wind speed, etc.
The total evaporation capacity calculation module is used for analyzing the evaporation process of the liquid pool according to the physicochemical characteristics of substances stored in the chemical storage tank and the environmental conditions including wind direction and ground heat, and establishing a heat transfer model between the ground and the liquid pool according to the analysis result to obtain the actual fuel capacity in the steam cloud.
The steam cloud explosion consequence model is used for calculating the TNT equivalent of steam cloud explosion and corresponding death radius, severe injury radius, mild injury radius and property loss radius based on the actual fuel quantity in the steam cloud by combining a TNT equivalent method.
The steam cloud explosion consequence simulation model is used for calculating to obtain an optimal escape path in the storage tank area in the steam cloud explosion state according to the calculation result of the steam cloud explosion consequence model, displaying the optimal escape path to a user in an animation mode through a GIS platform, and outputting a steam cloud explosion consequence simulation analysis report to an consequence simulation system.
The invention provides a method and a system for simulating and analyzing a steam cloud explosion accident of a chemical storage tank, which analyze a liquid pool evaporation process formed by leakage of liquid substances of the chemical storage tank, and obtain the actual fuel quantity in a steam cloud by establishing a heat transfer model of the ground and the liquid pool so as to overcome the defect that the total capacity of the storage tank is directly used for numerical calculation to cause deviation of a calculation result of a steam cloud explosion model; a steam cloud explosion model is established by adopting TNT equivalent, the death radius, the serious injury radius and the slight injury radius are calculated, and the consequences of the steam cloud explosion accident of the chemical storage tank on life and property loss are simulated and analyzed; integrating with an external simulation system, and performing display attribute setting of the attributes of the chemical storage tank and the liquid substance and dynamic display of the leakage motion trail of the liquid pool; in the simulation process, the death area, the severe injury area, the mild injury area and the optimal escape path can be displayed through the animation in the GIS platform and output at the same time.
In this disclosure, aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily defined to include all aspects of the invention. It should be appreciated that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in greater detail below, may be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any one implementation. In addition, some aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone, or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present disclosure.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A simulation analysis method for steam cloud explosion accidents of chemical storage tanks is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, analyzing the evaporation process of the liquid pool according to the physicochemical characteristics of the substances stored in the chemical storage tank and the environmental conditions including wind direction and ground heat, and establishing a heat transfer model between the ground and the liquid pool according to the analysis result to obtain the actual fuel amount in the steam cloud;
and S2, establishing a steam cloud explosion consequence model by combining a TNT equivalent method based on the actual fuel quantity in the steam cloud, and carrying out simulation analysis on the steam cloud explosion accident consequence of the chemical storage tank.
2. The chemical storage tank steam cloud explosion accident simulation analysis method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the step of analyzing the evaporation process of the liquid pool according to the physicochemical characteristics of the substances stored in the chemical storage tank and the environmental conditions including the wind direction and the ground heat, and establishing a heat transfer model between the ground and the liquid pool according to the analysis result to obtain the actual fuel amount in the steam cloud comprises the following steps:
s11, setting the liquid substance stored in the chemical storage tank to be in low-temperature liquid state when leaking from the leakage hole, and setting the pressure and the liquid level of the storage tank to be unchanged when leaking, and calculating by using the Bernoulli equation to obtain the leakage rate as follows:
wherein Q is the leakage rate of the liquid substance and has the unit of kg/s; rhoLIs the density of liquid material, and has unit of kg/m3(ii) a A is the area of the leakage hole and is given in m2(ii) a p is the pressure in the container in Pa; p is a radical of0Is atmospheric pressure in Pa; c. CdRepresenting a flow coefficient;
s12, under the condition of continuous leakage, the liquid substance is designed to extend from a leakage point to the edge of the cofferdam, and if no obstacle blocks in the whole extending process, the relation between the radius of the formed liquid pool and the time function is as follows:
wherein R (t) is the radius of the liquid pool of the liquid substance, and the unit is m; v is the volumetric flow rate of the liquid substance in m3S; t is the leakage time in units of s;
s13, providing heat from the ground when the liquid pool evaporates, and making the following assumptions on the whole evaporation process: firstly, one-dimensional Fourier heat conduction equation is adopted for heat transfer; secondly, the ground is made of flat concrete with neglected friction; the thickness of the thermal boundary layer is increased along with the increase of the radius of the liquid pool;
calculating the heat flow density of the liquid substance when the liquid substance transfers heat with the ground according to the following formula:
wherein q (t) is the heat flux density in units of dJ/(m)2S), lambda is the thermal conductivity of the ground in W/(m.K), delta T is the temperature difference between the liquid material and the ground in K, and α is the thermal diffusivity;
the thickness of the thermal boundary layer is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, the thickness of the thermal boundary layer is in mm;
and (3) combining the formula to obtain the evaporation rate of the liquid substance:
in the formula, VLThe evaporation rate is given in kg/s; hVThe evaporation heat of the liquid material is expressed in J/kg;
s14, calculating the time t for reaching the maximum evaporation rate by using a liquid pool radius and time function relation formulamaxCombined with evaporation rate V of the liquid substanceLThe calculation formula (2) yields the total evaporation of the liquid substance:
3. the chemical storage tank steam cloud explosion accident simulation analysis method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the steam cloud explosion consequence model is established based on the actual fuel quantity in the steam cloud and by combining a TNT equivalent method, and the process of performing simulation analysis on the chemical storage tank steam cloud explosion accident consequence includes the following steps:
s21, evaluating the overpressure shock wave of the steam cloud explosion by adopting a TNT equivalent method, and calculating the TNT equivalent value of the flammable steam cloud explosion according to the following formula:
in the formula, WTNTTNT equivalent in kg for explosion of flammable vapor cloud, α for participating in explosion and actually contributing to shock wave generationPercentage of fuel to leak; wfThe maximum amount of combustible leakage, and also the total evaporation of the liquid substance, in kg; qfThe unit is kJ/kg of the combustion heat value of combustible materials; qTNTExplosive heat of TNT, in kJ/kg:
and S22, analyzing the death radius, the serious injury radius, the light injury radius and the property loss radius based on the TNT equivalent value.
4. The chemical storage tank vapor cloud explosion accident simulation analysis method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S22, the death radii R are respectively calculated and obtained based on the TNT equivalent values1Heavy injury radius R2Minor injury radius R3And radius of property loss R4；
Wherein the death radius R1The following conditions are satisfied:
radius of severe injury R2The following conditions are satisfied:
R2＝Z1·(E/P0)1/3
Δp1/p0＝0.137Z1 -3+0.11921 -2+0.269Z1 -1-0.019
WTNT＝E
minor injury radius R3The following conditions are satisfied:
R3＝Z2·(E/P0)1/3
Δp2/p0＝0.137Z2 -3+0.119Z2 -2+0.269Z2 -1-0.019
WTNT＝E
in the formula,. DELTA.p1And Δ p2The overpressure of the explosion shock wave is Pa; z is a dimensionless distance; p0Is the atmospheric pressure with the unit of Pa, here is 10100 Pa; Δ p1Value range of10000Pa to 30000 Pa; Δ p2The value range of (A) is 30000Pa to 20000 Pa;
radius of property loss R4The following conditions are satisfied:
in the formula, WTNTIs the TNT equivalent of combustible material in kg; k2Is the second order destruction factor.
5. The chemical storage tank steam cloud explosion accident simulation analysis method according to claim 1, further comprising:
and S3, calculating to obtain the optimal escape path in the storage tank area under the steam cloud explosion state, and outputting a steam cloud explosion result simulation analysis report.
6. The chemical storage tank steam cloud explosion accident simulation analysis method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step S3, the process of calculating the optimal escape path in the storage tank area steam cloud explosion state includes the following steps:
analyzing and obtaining a death area, a severe injury area and a mild injury area according to the death radius, the severe injury radius and the mild injury radius obtained by calculation and combining environmental information including the wind direction of the storage tank area and the escape gathering port of the storage tank area, and planning an optimal escape path by using the minimum injury amount as a target function;
and displaying the analysis result and the planned optimal escape path in the GIS graph of the storage tank area in an animation mode.
7. The chemical storage tank steam cloud explosion accident simulation analysis method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the steam cloud explosion consequence simulation analysis report includes an explosion consequence simulation diagram and explosion consequence analysis results, and the explosion consequence analysis results include death radius, death number, serious injury radius, serious injury number, light injury radius, light injury number, property loss radius and property loss.
8. A chemical storage tank steam cloud explosion accident simulation analysis system is characterized by comprising a parameter acquisition module, a total evaporation amount calculation module, a steam cloud explosion consequence model and a steam cloud explosion consequence simulation model;
the parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring the physicochemical characteristics of substances stored in the chemical storage tank and the environmental conditions including wind direction and ground heat in real time;
the total evaporation capacity calculation module is used for analyzing the evaporation process of the liquid pool according to the physicochemical characteristics of substances stored in the chemical storage tank and the environmental conditions including wind direction and ground heat, and establishing a heat transfer model between the ground and the liquid pool according to the analysis result to obtain the actual fuel capacity in the steam cloud;
the steam cloud explosion consequence model is used for calculating the TNT equivalent of steam cloud explosion and corresponding death radius, severe damage radius, mild damage radius and property loss radius by combining a TNT equivalent method based on the actual fuel quantity in the steam cloud;
the steam cloud explosion consequence simulation model is used for calculating to obtain an optimal escape path in the storage tank area in the steam cloud explosion state according to the calculation result of the steam cloud explosion consequence model, displaying the optimal escape path to a user in an animation mode through a GIS platform, and outputting a steam cloud explosion consequence simulation analysis report to an consequence simulation system.
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