CN111537504B - 一种虹吸式检测试纸以及采用本试纸检测农药残留的方法 - Google Patents
一种虹吸式检测试纸以及采用本试纸检测农药残留的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种虹吸式检测试纸以及采用本试纸检测农药残留的方法,一种虹吸式检测试纸,包括底板、单面胶贴、双面胶贴和盖板,所述单面胶贴贴覆在底板的顶面,所述单面胶贴的顶面下端从下至上分别设有下缺口和上缺口,所述下缺口内固化有乙酰胆碱酶和二硫代硝基苯甲酸从而形成反应区,所述上缺口内固化有乙酰胆碱从而形成检测区,所述双面胶贴贴覆在单面胶贴的顶面下端,所述双面胶贴上设有同时与下缺口和上缺口相贯通的通槽,所述通槽贯通双面胶贴的下端,所述盖板贴覆在双面胶贴的顶面,一种采用本发明虹吸式检测试纸检测农药残留的方法包括a)制样、b)反应和c)检测,整体操作便捷、简单。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及农药残留检测的技术领域,特别是一种虹吸式检测试纸以及采用本试纸检测农药残留的方法的技术领域。
【背景技术】
我国是一个农业大国,农业对国民经济以及人民生活有着举足轻重的作用。在现代农业生产中,农药是防治病虫害,保障农业丰收,确保粮食供应的重要生产资料。但是,农药的大量使用,在提高农作物产量的同时,其农药残留超标的负面影响也逐渐显现出来。所谓的农药残留是指农药使用后残存于生物体、农副产品和环境中的微量农药原体、有毒代谢物、降解物和杂质的总称。一般不易挥发和在植物体内、土壤中不易分解,且脂溶性强的农药施用后残留量更高。随着我国人民生活水平不断提高,农产品的质量安全问题越来越受到关注,尤其蔬菜中农药残留问题已经成为公众关注的焦点,全国每年都有上百起因食用被农药污染的农产品而引起的急性中毒事件,严重影响广大消费者的身体健康,因此由农药残留超标导致的食品安全问题,也越来越受到各国政府和公众的重视。
现在使用的农药绝大部分是有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类化合物。国内外对农药残留的常规检测方法主要是理化分析方法,即通常讲的利用仪器如气相色谱仪、液相色谱仪、气质联用仪和液质联用仪等进行农药残留量的分析检测。这些方法的优点是可以定性、定量的检测农药残留量,也是国家规定的标准检测方法。但同样的,由于这些方法需要对样品进行萃取分离等复杂预处理过程,需要大量的人力物力,检测成本高,亟待解决。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的就是解决现有技术中的问题,提出一种虹吸式检测试纸以及采用本试纸检测农药残留的方法,使用便捷,检测效果可靠。
为实现上述目的,本发明通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种虹吸式检测试纸,包括底板、单面胶贴、双面胶贴和盖板,所述单面胶贴贴覆在底板的顶面,所述单面胶贴的顶面下端从下至上分别设有下缺口和上缺口,所述下缺口内固化有乙酰胆碱酶和二硫代硝基苯甲酸从而形成反应区,所述上缺口内固化有乙酰胆碱从而形成检测区,所述双面胶贴贴覆在单面胶贴的顶面下端,所述双面胶贴上设有同时与下缺口和上缺口相贯通的通槽,所述通槽贯通双面胶贴的下端,所述盖板贴覆在双面胶贴的顶面,所述盖板上设有与通槽相贯通的气孔。
作为优选,所述底板为PET板。
作为优选,所述反应区和检测区上分别固化乙酰胆碱酶、二硫代硝基苯甲酸和乙酰胆碱包括如下步骤:
a)试剂制备:称取乙酰胆碱酶并用缓冲溶液或者纯净水溶解成酶活力为2200~2400U/ml的溶液,得到酶剂,称取二硫代硝基苯甲酸并用缓冲溶液或者纯净水溶解成8~10mg/ml的溶液,得到显色剂,称取乙酰胆碱并用纯净水溶解成8~10mg/ml的溶液,得到底物剂;
b)涂覆固化:将步骤a)中所制备的酶剂和显色剂按体积比为1:1~1.5混合,得到反应剂,在反应剂和步骤a)中所制备的底物剂中分别添加质量分数为0.10~0.14%的羟乙基纤维素,再吸取1~1.5μL的混有羟乙基纤维素的反应剂并在滴加于反应区上后真空冻干,然后吸取1~1.5μL的混有羟乙基纤维素的底物剂并在滴加于检测区上后真空冻干。
作为优选,所述步骤a)中的缓冲溶液为PH8.0的无水磷酸氢二钾和磷酸氢二钾缓冲液。
作为优选,混入有羟乙基纤维素的反应剂和底物剂的粘度范围均为4500~6500cps。
一种采用本发明虹吸式检测试纸检测农药残留的方法,包括如下步骤:
a)制样:取待测试的蔬菜样品,在擦净泥土后剪成1~2cm的方形碎片,取5g蔬菜碎片,再加入10ml纯净水,在搅拌5~10min后静置1~2min,得到提取液;
b)反应:从试纸的前侧沿着通槽加入1/2加样量的步骤a)中所制备的提取液,所述加样量为0.5~1μL,使提取液进入到反应区中与乙酰胆碱酯酶和二硫代硝基苯甲酸反应,再静置5~10min;
c)检测:从试纸的前侧沿着通槽再加入剩余1/2加样量的步骤a)中所制备的提取液,从而将先前在反应区中充分反应的混合液推进到检测区中,再静置5~10min,通过仪器检测吸光度,计算由酶抑制率从而获得农药残留量。
本发明的有益效果:本发明通过在底板上分别设置带有酶和显色剂反应区以及带有底物的测试区,再分段在进样片上滴加提取液,利用虹吸作用精准地控制每一步反应的反应时间与反应量,从而通过试纸的显色情况所带来的吸光度变化,定量检测农药残留量,整体操作便捷、简单,无需任何专业技术培训,试纸容易贮存,携带方便。
本发明的特征及优点将通过实施例结合附图进行详细说明。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明一种虹吸式检测试纸的立体结构示意图;
图2是本发明一种虹吸式检测试纸的前视图;
图3是本发明一种虹吸式检测试纸的俯视图;
图4是本发明一种虹吸式检测试纸在去除盖板后的俯视图;
图5是本发明一种虹吸式检测试纸在去除盖板和双面胶贴后的俯视图;
图6是本发明一种虹吸式检测试纸的底板的俯视图。
图中:1-底板、2-单面胶贴、21-下缺口、22-上缺口、3-双面胶贴、31-通槽、4-盖板、41-气孔。
【具体实施方式】
参阅图1至图6,一种虹吸式检测试纸,包括底板1、单面胶贴2、双面胶贴3和盖板4,所述单面胶贴2贴覆在底板1的顶面,所述单面胶贴2的顶面下端从下至上分别设有下缺口21和上缺口22,所述下缺口21内固化有乙酰胆碱酶和二硫代硝基苯甲酸从而形成反应区,所述上缺口22内固化有乙酰胆碱从而形成检测区,所述双面胶贴3贴覆在单面胶贴2的顶面下端,所述双面胶贴3上设有同时与下缺口21和上缺口22相贯通的通槽31,所述通槽31贯通双面胶贴3的下端,所述盖板4贴覆在双面胶贴3的顶面,所述盖板4上设有与通槽31相贯通的气孔41。
所述底板1为PET板。
所述反应区和检测区上分别固化乙酰胆碱酶、二硫代硝基苯甲酸和乙酰胆碱包括如下步骤:
a)试剂制备:称取乙酰胆碱酶并用缓冲溶液或者纯净水溶解成酶活力为2200~2400U/ml的溶液,得到酶剂,称取二硫代硝基苯甲酸并用缓冲溶液或者纯净水溶解成8~10mg/ml的溶液,得到显色剂,称取乙酰胆碱并用纯净水溶解成8~10mg/ml的溶液,得到底物剂;
b)涂覆固化:将步骤a)中所制备的酶剂和显色剂按体积比为1:1~1.5混合,得到反应剂,在反应剂和步骤a)中所制备的底物剂中分别添加质量分数为0.12%的羟乙基纤维素,再吸取1~1.5μL的混有羟乙基纤维素的反应剂并在滴加于反应区上后真空冻干,然后吸取1~1.5μL的混有羟乙基纤维素的底物剂并在滴加于检测区上后真空冻干。
所述步骤a)中的缓冲溶液为PH8.0的无水磷酸氢二钾和磷酸氢二钾缓冲液。
混入有羟乙基纤维素的反应剂和底物剂的粘度范围均为4500~6500cps。
采用该虹吸式检测试纸检测农药残留的方法包括如下步骤:
a)制样:取待测试的蔬菜样品,在擦净泥土后剪成1~2cm的方形碎片,取5g蔬菜碎片,再加入10ml纯净水,在搅拌5~10min后静置1~2min,得到提取液;
b)反应:从试纸的前侧沿着通槽31加入1/2加样量的步骤a)中所制备的提取液,所述加样量为0.5~1μL,使提取液进入到反应区中与乙酰胆碱酯酶和二硫代硝基苯甲酸反应,再静置5~10min;
c)检测:从试纸的前侧沿着通槽31再加入剩余1/2加样量的步骤a)中所制备的提取液,从而将先前在反应区中充分反应的混合液推进到检测区中,再静置5~10min,通过仪器检测吸光度,计算由酶抑制率从而获得农药残留量。
在测试过程中,若蔬菜样品中不含有机磷农药或氨基甲酸酯类农药,则乙酰胆碱在乙酰胆碱酯酶的催化作用下水解成胆碱和乙酸,而胆碱与二硫代硝基苯甲酸反应产生黄色物质;若蔬菜样品中含有机磷农药或氨基甲酸酯类农药,则农药会抑制酶的活性,从而抑制乙酰胆碱的水解与显色,并且农药含量越多,显色越浅,直至无色。显色变化会带来吸光度的变化,通过吸光度可计算由酶抑制率从而获得农药残留量。
检测实施例:
样品测试:取5组蔬菜叶片,再在5组蔬菜叶片上分别均匀喷洒2mg/Kg、20mg/Kg、40mg/Kg、80mg/Kg、120mg/Kg的速灭磷、二溴磷和涕灭威。待静置1~2天后,将待测试的蔬菜样品,剪成1~2cm的方形碎片,取5g蔬菜碎片,再加入10ml纯净水,在搅拌5~10min后静置1~2min,得到提取液。从试纸的前侧沿着通槽31加入0.5μL的提取液,使提取液进入到反应区中与乙酰胆碱酯酶和二硫代硝基苯甲酸反应,再静置5~10min。然后,从试纸的前侧沿着通槽31再加入剩余0.5μL的提取液,从而将先前在反应区中充分反应的混合液推进到检测区中,再静置5~10min。接着,采用分光光度计于412nm波长下进行比色,记录反应3min内吸光度变化值△A1。
对照测试:将提取液换成纯净水,其他操作同样品测试,记录反应3min内吸光度变化值△A0。
酶抑制率计算:
酶抑制率(%)=[(△A0-△A1)/△A0]×100%
式中:
△A1——样品组反应3min吸光度的变化值
△A0——对照组反应3min吸光度的变化值
结果如下表所示:
5组蔬菜叶片上,检测试纸对两种农药均有农药检出,且随着农药浓度的提升,酶抑制率逐渐增大,几乎完全失活,由此说明,本试纸对速灭磷、二溴磷和涕灭威的检测均较为敏感。
本发明通过在底板上分别设置带有酶和显色剂反应区以及带有底物的测试区,再分段在进样片上滴加提取液,利用虹吸作用精准地控制每一步反应的反应时间与反应量,从而通过试纸的显色情况所带来的吸光度变化,定量检测农药残留量,整体操作便捷、简单,无需任何专业技术培训,试纸容易贮存,携带方便。
上述实施例是对本发明的说明,不是对本发明的限定,任何对本发明简单变换后的方案均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种虹吸式检测试纸,其特征在于:包括底板(1)、单面胶贴(2)、双面胶贴(3)和盖板(4),所述单面胶贴(2)贴覆在底板(1)的顶面,所述单面胶贴(2)的顶面下端从下至上分别设有下缺口(21)和上缺口(22),所述下缺口(21)内固化有乙酰胆碱酶和二硫代硝基苯甲酸从而形成反应区,所述上缺口(22)内固化有乙酰胆碱从而形成检测区,所述双面胶贴(3)贴覆在单面胶贴(2)的顶面下端,所述双面胶贴(3)上设有同时与下缺口(21)和上缺口(22)相贯通的通槽(31),所述通槽(31)贯通双面胶贴(3)的下端,所述盖板(4)贴覆在双面胶贴(3)的顶面,所述盖板(4)上设有与通槽(31)相贯通的气孔(41)。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种虹吸式检测试纸,其特征在于:所述底板(1)为PET板。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种虹吸式检测试纸,其特征在于:所述反应区和检测区上分别固化乙酰胆碱酶、二硫代硝基苯甲酸和乙酰胆碱包括如下步骤:
a)试剂制备:称取乙酰胆碱酶并用缓冲溶液或者纯净水溶解成酶活力为2200~2400U/ml的溶液,得到酶剂,称取二硫代硝基苯甲酸并用缓冲溶液或者纯净水溶解成8~10mg/ml的溶液,得到显色剂,称取乙酰胆碱并用纯净水溶解成8~10mg/ml的溶液,得到底物剂;
b)涂覆固化:将步骤a)中所制备的酶剂和显色剂按体积比为1:1~1.5混合,得到反应剂,在反应剂和步骤a)中所制备的底物剂中分别添加质量分数为0.10~0.14%的羟乙基纤维素,再吸取1~1.5μL的混有羟乙基纤维素的反应剂并在滴加于反应区上后真空冻干,然后吸取1~1.5μL的混有羟乙基纤维素的底物剂并在滴加于检测区上后真空冻干。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种虹吸式检测试纸,其特征在于:所述步骤a)中的缓冲溶液为pH8.0的无水磷酸氢二钾和磷酸氢二钾缓冲液。
5.如权利要求3所述的一种虹吸式检测试纸,其特征在于:混入有羟乙基纤维素的反应剂和底物剂的粘度范围均为4500~6500cps。
6.一种采用权利要求1所述的虹吸式检测试纸检测农药残留的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
a)制样:取待测试的蔬菜样品,在擦净泥土后剪成1~2cm的方形碎片,取5g蔬菜碎片,再加入10ml纯净水,在搅拌5~10min后静置1~2min,得到提取液;
b)反应:从试纸的前侧沿着通槽(31)加入1/2加样量的步骤a)中所制备的提取液,所述加样量为0.5~1μL,使提取液进入到反应区中与乙酰胆碱酯酶和二硫代硝基苯甲酸反应,再静置5~10min;
c)检测:从试纸的前侧沿着通槽(31)再加入剩余1/2加样量的步骤a)中所制备的提取液,从而将先前在反应区中充分反应的混合液推进到检测区中,再静置5~10min,通过仪器检测吸光度,计算由酶抑制率从而获得农药残留量。
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