CN111535238A - Track cleaning system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of auxiliary devices for rail traffic, and discloses a rail cleaning system, which is arranged on the side of a rail vehicle close to the rail, and includes a pick-up mechanism for collecting sundries such as fallen leaves. The side is communicated with the temporary storage chamber through a conveying pipe, and an opening and closing mechanism is arranged in the temporary storage chamber. The end of the temporary storage chamber away from the conveying pipe is communicated with the reprocessing device. The side of the reprocessing device is provided with a negative pressure mechanism, which is connected with the temporary In contrast to the storage cavity, the present invention utilizes negative pressure to collect debris such as fallen leaves, and the reprocessing process will also compress the volume of debris groups such as fallen leaves, and can be automatically discharged to the reprocessing device, occupying very little space, and the device is simple and convenient. The cost is also low, and it not only removes sundries and other sundries from the track, but also collects and reprocesses them to prevent the leaves and other sundries from returning to the track again, and also avoids damage to the track. Promotion value and broad application prospects.

Description

A track cleaning system

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit supporting facilities, and in particular relates to a train track cleaning system.

Background technique

Usually in everyone's impression, extreme weather such as strong winds, showers, blizzards, or collapses, mudslides, and landslides will have a serious impact on the safety of rail vehicles, but in fact, seemingly inconspicuous debris such as fallen leaves will also It is a serious threat to the safe operation of rail vehicles. Because of the large coverage of leaves, many leaves can cover the entire track surface; the surface of debris such as fallen leaves is dry and smooth, and the leaves are easy to slide between leaves; The friction coefficient is reduced, so once the leaves fall and accumulate on the tread of the track, it is very likely to cause the vehicle to slow down, stop running, or even lead to safety accidents such as derailment.

In a country located in a temperate zone, every autumn comes, it will spend a lot of manpower and material resources to deal with the difficult problems of sundries and other debris on the track. According to statistics, train delays caused by fallen leaves and other sundries each year cause passengers to lose at least 6 million hours of time in total. Therefore, technologies for removing debris such as fallen leaves from the track are also emerging. For example, some technical solutions use high-pressure water column to wash away debris such as fallen leaves, while other technical solutions use "sand glue", which is made by mixing sand and colloidal adhesive, and is also removed by high-pressure spraying. Leaves and other sundries, but whether spraying water or sand, all have the same problem, that is, large storage equipment is required to accommodate raw materials, and after spraying, it needs to be replenished, and there is inevitably a problem of induced rail corrosion. The fallen leaves and other debris temporarily sprayed outside the track may also be blown back to the track by the wind, which is equivalent to turning on the removal system for almost every running vehicle, which wastes resources and costs a lot.

The British Laser Sol company found that the laser is inherently more suitable for this work, because the laser can be fired with electricity, without loading or replenishing "ammunition", and the wavelength that each substance can absorb is different, as long as the wavelength is set at 1064 nanometers Left and right, it will only hit leaves or other organic matter, and it will not damage the rails at all. Even if the laser hits the rails without leaves, it will only be reflected. The laser can heat up debris such as fallen leaves to 5000 ° C, and instantly blast the debris such as leaves, and the power is powerful, and it can emit 25,000 times per second. Unfortunately, although the laser Sol's technology performs well in the laboratory , but did not consider that the train will vibrate continuously while it is running. Once installed on the actual locomotive, the vibration will make the laser unable to focus on the track, and the result will not work.

On the whole, the track road that endangers driving safety is also a problem, and there is still no relatively economical and effective solution. In addition, with the development of the city, the land for traffic has become more and more tense. In some places, there have been settings in which the rails are erected in the air through columns or steel structures. However, the rails with the tread facing upward still have the problem of accumulating debris such as fallen leaves. There is also a type of suspension. Although the tread is facing down, it may accumulate spider web rust spots, etc. Although these sundries do not affect the driving safety, but if they are not cleaned for a long time, they are easy to accumulate and then fall on the top surface of the vehicle, making it difficult and complicated for the staff to clean. .

Therefore, in the technical field of rail transit auxiliary devices, there is an urgent need for a system capable of cleaning the rail, especially the debris such as fallen leaves on the rail can be removed without damaging the rail, and there is no need to clear the material storage space and avoid adding operations. , and a track cleaning system that can prevent debris such as fallen leaves from returning to the track again.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a system capable of cleaning the track, especially can remove sundries such as fallen leaves on the track without damaging the track, and does not need to clear the material storage space and avoid the addition operation , and a track cleaning system that can prevent debris such as fallen leaves from returning to the track again.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A track cleaning system, the track cleaning system is arranged on the side of the rail vehicle close to the rail, and includes a pick-up mechanism interacting with the rail, and the action end of the pick-up mechanism is attached to the side of the rail close to the rail vehicle, so the The side of the pickup mechanism away from the advancing direction of the rail vehicle is communicated with a temporary storage cavity through a conveying pipe, the temporary storage cavity is parallel to the length direction of the rail vehicle, and the temporary storage cavity is provided with an opening and closing device that can control the passing state of objects The end of the temporary storage chamber away from the conveying pipe is connected to the reprocessing device, the reprocessing device is parallel to the width direction of the rail vehicle, and the side of the reprocessing device is provided with a negative pressure mechanism, the negative pressure mechanism and The temporary storage cavity is relative. Different from the conventional technology that only removes the fallen leaves and other sundries from the track, and then may return to the track again, the present invention can collect and reprocess the sundries and other sundries on the track, and then place the leaves and other sundries uniformly. , to avoid secondary impact on subsequent vehicle traffic.

Further, the pick-up mechanism includes a shovel plate hinged with the conveying pipe, the shovel plate is located at the lower edge of the opening of the conveying pipe toward the advancing direction of the rail vehicle, the bottom surface of the shovel plate is provided with a first pull lug, the conveying The bottom surface of the outer side wall of the tube is provided with a second pull lug, and a tension elastic member is disposed between the first pull lug and the second pull lug. The provision of the tension elastic member can keep the shovel plate in a state of being attached to the top of the track. When the rail vehicle is bumpy, the shovel plate can move to avoid damage to the track and prolong the service life of the shovel plate.

Further, the plate surface of the shovel plate is in a curved arc shape with the middle part concave in the direction close to the track, and the opening edge of the conveying pipe smoothly transitions with the plate surface of the shovel plate. The surface of the shovel plate is in the shape of a curved arc with the middle part concave toward the track. The front half fits the track better, so that the fallen leaves and other debris can be shoveled up.

Further, the upper side wall of the conveying pipe extends toward the direction of the rail vehicle while extending toward the direction close to the rail, thereby forming a dome-shaped collection cover. Setting a collection cover can limit the flying height of debris such as fallen leaves, and ensure that debris such as fallen leaves can be captured and entered into the conveying pipe.

Further, the cross section of the inner cavity of the temporary storage cavity is circular, the opening and closing mechanism includes a plurality of fan-shaped guide blocks evenly distributed around the circumference, and the rotation axes of the plurality of the guide blocks are collinear with the central axis of the temporary storage cavity, The side of the guide block close to the reprocessing device is provided with a plurality of fan-shaped baffles that are evenly distributed around the circumference. Setting the opening and closing mechanism can make the temporary storage chamber cooperate with the reprocessing device. When the reprocessing device is in the state of waiting for debris such as fallen leaves to enter, the opening and closing mechanism is in the open state, so that debris such as fallen leaves enter the reprocessing device; When the processing device is in an action state, the opening and closing mechanism is in a closed state, so that sundries such as fallen leaves are temporarily stored in the temporary storage cavity, so as to avoid the interference of sundries and other sundries on the operation of the reprocessing device.

Further, a motor is provided at the center of the plurality of guide blocks, the proximal ends of each of the baffles are connected as a whole, the center positions of the plurality of baffles are fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the motor, and one of the guide A threading tube is provided at the position of the proximal end of the block corresponding to the motor, and the threading tube extends radially and opens on the outer wall of the temporary storage cavity. This is an embodiment of the opening and closing mechanism to realize the opening and closing action. When the reprocessing device is in the state of waiting for sundries such as fallen leaves to enter, the motor drives the baffle to rotate to the position overlapping the guide block, so that the sundries such as leaves can be removed from the adjacent ones. The guide blocks enter into the processing device; when the reprocessing device is in operation, the motor drives the baffle to rotate to the position between the adjacent guide blocks, so that the sundries such as fallen leaves are temporarily stored in the temporary storage cavity to avoid sundries and other sundries. At the same time, the baffle is provided with ventilation holes, the negative pressure mechanism can still provide adsorption force, and the pickup mechanism can still work normally.

Further, each of the guide blocks is thick in the middle and thin on both sides in the circumferential direction, each of the guide blocks is thick at the distal end and thin at the proximal end in the radial direction, and a raised portion is formed on the side of the guide block away from the reprocessing device, The ridge line of the raised portion extends from the side wall of the temporary storage cavity to the central axis. In this way, the guide blocks form a shape that guides the fallen leaves and other sundries between adjacent guide blocks in the direction of entry of the fallen leaves and other sundries.

Further, the reprocessing device includes a compression chamber, the compression chamber is provided with a compression disc that can be controlled to extend along the length direction of the compression chamber, and the opposite side of the action surface of the compression disc is fixedly connected to the output end of the telescopic mechanism, The output end of the telescopic mechanism passes through the end face of the compression cavity, the end face of the compression cavity away from the telescopic mechanism is provided with a cavity opening, and the cavity opening is provided with a movable door that can be opened and closed under control, and the compression cavity corresponds to the negative pressure The position of the input end of the mechanism is provided with a plurality of suction holes, and the telescopic mechanism is signally connected to the opening and closing mechanism. When the opening and closing mechanism is in the closed state, the telescopic mechanism pushes the compression disc to squeeze the fallen leaves and other sundries in the compression cavity to the cavity mouth. Because the movable door is in the controlled closing state, the entire group of sundries and other sundries will be compressed by each other. Interspersed and accumulated on the inner side of the movable door.

Further, the cross-section of the cavity and the compression cavity are equal in size and shape, the cross-sectional area of the part of the movable door beyond the cavity is greater than the cross-sectional area of the part extending into the cavity, and the movable door exceeds the cavity. A door control assembly is arranged between the side surface of the part of the device and the bottom surface of the rail vehicle, and the door control assembly can make the movable door completely located outside the cavity opening in the open state. The compression disc can extend up to the position adjacent to the cavity. The cavity and the inner cavity of the compression cavity have the same size and shape. After the rail vehicle travels to a suitable position, the compression disc can push the compressed body of debris groups such as fallen leaves out of the compression chamber, and then dispose of it in a unified manner.

The present invention also provides a rail vehicle equipped with the aforementioned track cleaning system. The rail vehicle 1 includes a train, a high-speed rail, a subway, and an electric train. The rail vehicle 1 is provided with a track cleaning system at the bottom. This track cleaning system can be used as long as leaves fall on the driving track, so it can be applied to trains, high-speed railways, subways, high-speed trains, etc.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. The present invention not only removes the sundries and other sundries from the track, but also collects and reprocesses them, so as to prevent the sundries and other sundries from returning to the track again, causing secondary interference to the passage of subsequent vehicles and even the rear wheels of the vehicle;

2. The present invention uses negative pressure to collect debris such as fallen leaves, and the reprocessing process will also compress the volume of debris groups such as leaves, and can be automatically discharged to the reprocessing device, occupying very little space, simple installation and low cost. .

3. The present invention does not need to use water, glue, etc. to remove materials, and does not need to remove material storage space, and also avoids tedious addition operations, and can also avoid these oxidizing substances from causing damage to the track.

Therefore, the present invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and has great promotion value and broad application prospect.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, and constitute a part of the present application, and do not constitute limitations to the embodiments of the present invention. In the attached image:

1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention in a state where the rail vehicle is omitted from FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 is the enlarged view of A place of Fig. 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the enlarged view of B place of Fig. 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the sectional schematic diagram of the position of the opening and closing mechanism of the present invention;

6 is a schematic structural diagram of a movable door and a control door assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. as a limitation of the present invention.

A track cleaning system, the track cleaning system is arranged on the side of the rail vehicle 1 close to the track 3, including a pickup mechanism 4 interacting with the track 3, and the action end of the pickup mechanism 4 and the track 3 are close to the rail vehicle. The side of the pick-up mechanism 4 away from the advancing direction of the rail vehicle 1 is communicated with the temporary storage cavity 6 through the conveying pipe 5, and the temporary storage cavity 6 is parallel to the length direction of the rail vehicle 1. The cavity 6 is provided with an opening and closing mechanism 7 that can control the passing state of the object, and the end of the temporary storage cavity 6 away from the conveying pipe 5 is communicated with a reprocessing device 8, and the reprocessing device 8 is parallel to the width direction of the rail vehicle 1, The side surface of the reprocessing device 8 is provided with a negative pressure mechanism 9 , and the negative pressure mechanism 9 is opposite to the temporary storage chamber 6 .

It can be understood that, unlike the conventional technology, which only removes sundries and other sundries from the track 3, and then the sundries and other sundries such as leaves may return to the track 3 again, the present invention can remove the sundries on the track 3. The sundries and other sundries such as fallen leaves are collected and reprocessed, and then the sundries and other sundries and other sundries are placed uniformly to avoid secondary impact on the passage of subsequent vehicles and even the passage of the rear wheels of the vehicle. 3. The sundries and other sundries on the top surface are scooped up and collected, and sent into the temporary storage chamber 6 through the conveying pipeline 5. When the opening and closing mechanism 7 is opened, it can directly enter the post-processing device for processing. After the post-processing device 8 is processed, can be collectively collected and disposed of.

Further, the pickup mechanism 4 includes a shovel plate 41 hinged with the conveying pipe 5 , the shovel plate 41 is located at the lower edge of the opening of the conveying pipe 5 toward the advancing direction of the rail vehicle 1 , and the bottom surface of the shovel plate 41 is provided with a first shovel plate 41 . A pulling lug 42 , a second pulling lug 43 is disposed on the bottom surface of the outer side wall of the conveying pipe 5 , and a pulling elastic member 44 is disposed between the first pulling lug 42 and the second pulling lug 43 . Furthermore, the plate surface of the shovel plate 41 is in a curved arc shape with the middle part concave toward the track 3 , and the opening edge of the conveying pipe 5 smoothly transitions with the plate surface of the shovel plate 41 . Still further, the upper side wall of the conveying pipe 5 extends toward the advancing direction of the rail vehicle 1 and also extends toward the direction close to the rail 3, thereby forming a dome-shaped collection cover.

It can be understood that the provision of the tension elastic member 44 (a tension spring, an elastic band, etc. can be selected) can keep the shovel plate 41 in a state of being attached to the top of the track, and the shovel plate 41 can move when the rail vehicle 1 is bumpy. The damage to the track 3 is avoided, and the service life of the shovel plate 41 is also prolonged. The shovel plate 41 can be a zinc plate. Even if there is water on the track 3, the steel track will not be corroded, because the cathodic protection of the sacrificial anode is formed at this time, and the shovel plate 41 can also be made of wear-resistant polymer material. . The plate surface of the shovel plate 41 is in the shape of a curved arc with the middle part concave toward the track 3. The front half of the shovel plate 41 fits better with the track 3, so that the sundries and other sundries can be shoveled up, and the second half can make the sundries and other sundries and other sundries shovel up. The objects can be vacated so that they can enter the conveying pipe 5 more conveniently. The collection cover can limit the flying height of sundries and other sundries, so as to ensure that sundries and other sundries can be captured and enter the conveying pipe.

Further, the inner cavity section of the temporary storage cavity 6 is circular, and the opening and closing mechanism 7 includes a plurality of fan-shaped guide blocks 71 evenly distributed around the circumference. The central axis is collinear, and the side of the guide block 71 close to the reprocessing device 8 is provided with a plurality of fan-shaped baffles 72 evenly distributed around the circumference. A vent hole 73 is provided on the plate surface of the plate 72 . It can be understood that setting the opening and closing mechanism 7 can make the temporary storage chamber 6 cooperate with the reprocessing device 8. When the reprocessing device 8 is in a state of waiting for sundries such as fallen leaves to enter, the opening and closing mechanism 7 is in an open state. , so that sundries and other sundries such as fallen leaves enter the reprocessing device 8; when the reprocessing device 8 is in the operating state, the opening and closing mechanism 7 is in the closed state, so that sundries and other sundries such as leaves are temporarily stored in the temporary storage cavity 6 , to avoid sundries and other debris such as fallen leaves from interfering with the action of the reprocessing device 8. In addition, the opening and closing mechanism 7 is preferably arranged at one end of the cavity close to the reprocessing device 8 to obtain as large a temporary storage space as possible to ensure Operation time of the post-processing device 8 .

Further, a motor 74 is provided at the central position of the plurality of guide blocks 71, the proximal ends of each of the baffles 72 are connected as a whole, and the central positions of the plurality of the baffles 72 are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the motor 74, A threading tube 75 is provided at a position corresponding to the motor 74 at the proximal end of one of the guide blocks 71 , and the threading tube 75 extends radially and opens to the outer wall of the temporary storage cavity 6 . It can be understood that this is an embodiment of the opening and closing mechanism 7 to realize the opening and closing action. When the reprocessing device 8 is in the state of waiting for sundries such as fallen leaves to enter, the motor 74 drives the baffle 72 to rotate to the guide block. 71 In the overlapping position, sundries such as fallen leaves can enter the processing device 8 from between the adjacent guide blocks 71; when the reprocessing device 8 is in the operating state, the motor 74 drives the baffle 72 to rotate to the adjacent guide blocks 71. The position between the leaves and other sundries is temporarily stored in the temporary storage chamber 6, so as to prevent the sundries and other sundries such as leaves from interfering with the action of the reprocessing device 8. The air hole 73, the negative pressure mechanism 9 can still provide adsorption force, and the pickup mechanism 4 can still work normally.

Further, each of the guide blocks 71 is thick in the middle and thin on both sides in the circumferential direction, and each of the guide blocks 71 is thick at the distal end and thin at the proximal end in the radial direction. A raised portion is formed, and the ridge line of the raised portion extends from the side wall of the temporary storage cavity 6 to the central axis. It can be understood that the guide block 71 forms a shape that guides sundries such as fallen leaves and other sundries between the adjacent guide blocks 71 in the direction in which the sundries and other sundries enter. Sundries such as fallen leaves and other debris gather at this location. A more preferred solution is that three guide blocks 71 are provided, and one of the guide blocks 71 is located at the top of the temporary storage cavity 6, and the ridge line of the raised portion extends on a vertical plane, so that it is close to the temporary storage cavity. 6. The middle of the bottom is just a passage for sundries and other sundries. At this time, the other two guide blocks 71 are located on both sides. Compared with the two guide blocks 71, there are more holes for sundries and other sundries to pass through. To improve the passing efficiency, the central angles of the three guide blocks 71 and the three baffles 72 are all 60°, the three guide blocks 71 are uniformly stressed, and the overall stability is also better.

Further, the reprocessing device 8 includes a compression chamber 81, and the compression chamber 81 is provided with a compression disc 82 that can be controlled to extend along the length of the compression chamber 81, and the opposite side of the action surface of the compression disc 82 is connected to the telescopic mechanism. The output end of the telescopic mechanism 83 is fixedly connected, and the output end of the telescopic mechanism 83 passes through the end face of the compression chamber 81. The end face of the compression chamber 81 away from the telescopic mechanism 83 is provided with a cavity, and the cavity is provided with a controllable opening and closing. The movable door 85 , the compression chamber 81 is provided with a plurality of suction holes at the position corresponding to the input end of the negative pressure mechanism 9 , and the telescopic mechanism 83 is signally connected to the opening and closing mechanism 7 . It can be understood that when the opening and closing mechanism is in the closed state, the telescopic mechanism 33 pushes the compression disc 82 to squeeze the sundries and other sundries in the compression chamber 81 to the cavity opening, because the movable door 85 is in a controlled closing state, The entire debris group will be interspersed with each other and accumulated on the inner side of the movable door 85 by the compressed volume. The telescopic mechanism 83 may be a cylinder, an electric cylinder, a crank-slider mechanism or other components, as long as the output end can realize the reciprocating motion of the branch line. The compression chamber 81 is provided with a plurality of suction holes at the position corresponding to the input end of the negative pressure mechanism 9, in order to ensure that the negative pressure mechanism 9 can continue to pump air from the temporary storage chamber 6, thereby ensuring that the pickup mechanism 4 can continue to pick up sundries such as fallen leaves, etc. sundries.

Further, the cross section of the cavity and the compression cavity 81 are equal in size and shape, the cross-sectional area of the portion of the movable door 85 beyond the cavity is greater than the cross-sectional area of the portion extending into the cavity, and the movable door 85 A door control assembly 84 is provided between the side of the part beyond the cavity opening and the bottom surface of the rail vehicle 1, and the door control assembly 84 can make the movable door 85 completely located outside the cavity opening in the open state, as shown in FIG. 5 , Specifically, the door control assembly 84 may be a double rocker mechanism. There are two sets of double rockers, which are located on both sides of the movable door 85 respectively. One end of the double rocker hinged with the rail vehicle 1 is provided with a rotation control mechanism, such as For motors, rotary cylinders, rotary electric cylinders, etc., because the rotation angle is limited, there are options for rotary cylinders or rotary electric cylinders. The compression disc 82 can extend to the position adjacent to the cavity opening at the longest. The cavity opening and the inner cavity of the compression cavity 81 have the same size and shape. After the rail vehicle 1 travels to an appropriate position, the compression disc 82 can push the compressed body of the debris group out of the compression chamber 81, and then carry out unified treatment. For example, when the rail vehicle 1 travels to the intermediate station, the compression The disc 82 pushes the compressed body of the sundries out of the compression chamber 81. After the workers are uniformly placed, they are put into the land for fertilizer or sent to the power plant for fuel. For example, after the rail vehicle 1 travels to the road section on the water surface, the fallen leaves are removed. The compressed body of the sundries and other sundries is pushed out of the compression cavity 81 and directly put into the water as a nutritional supplement for aquatic animals and plants.

As shown in FIG. 7 , when the track is located in the direction of the roof of the rail vehicle 1, the suspension 22 replaces the wheel 21, and the suspension 32 replaces the horizontal rail 31. Accordingly, the entire track cleaning system is also upside down, but the pickup The opening of the mechanism 4 is always in the direction of the track 3 .

It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any relationship between these entities or operations. any such actual relationship or sequence exists. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to encompass a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or device that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes not explicitly listed or other elements inherent to such a process, method, article or apparatus.

It is to be understood that the terms "portrait", "landscape", "top", "bottom", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top" , "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying the indicated components or mechanisms It must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

The specific embodiments described above further describe the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A track cleaning system, characterized in that the track cleaning system is arranged on the side of the rail vehicle (1) close to the track (3), comprising a pick-up mechanism (4) interacting with the track (3), so The action end of the pick-up mechanism (4) is in contact with the side of the track (3) close to the rail vehicle, and the pick-up mechanism (4) is separated from the advancing direction of the rail vehicle (1) through the conveying pipe (5) and the temporary side. The storage cavity (6) is communicated, the temporary storage cavity (6) is parallel to the length direction of the rail vehicle (1), and the temporary storage cavity (6) is provided with an opening and closing mechanism (7) that can control the passing state of objects, One end of the temporary storage chamber (6) away from the conveying pipe (5) is communicated with a reprocessing device (8), the reprocessing device (8) is parallel to the width direction of the rail vehicle (1), and the reprocessing device ( The side of 8) is provided with a negative pressure mechanism (9), and the negative pressure mechanism (9) is opposite to the temporary storage cavity (6). 2. A track cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pick-up mechanism (4) comprises a shovel plate (41) hinged with the conveying pipe (5), and the shovel plate (41) is located in the conveying pipe (5). The lower edge of the opening of the pipe (5) facing the advancing direction of the rail vehicle (1), the bottom surface of the shovel plate (41) is provided with a first pull lug (42), and the bottom surface of the outer side wall of the conveying pipe (5) is provided with a first pull lug (42). Two pull ears (43), a tension elastic member (44) is arranged between the first pull lug (42) and the second pull lug (43). 3. A track cleaning system according to claim 2, characterized in that, the plate surface of the shovel plate (41) is in the shape of a curved arc whose middle part is concave toward the track (3), and the conveying pipe (5) The edge of the opening and the plate surface of the shovel plate (41) smoothly transition. 4. A track cleaning system according to claim 3, characterized in that, the upper side wall of the conveying pipe (5) extends toward the advancing direction of the rail vehicle (1) while facing the direction close to the track (3) extended to form a dome-shaped collection hood. 5. A track cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner cavity of the temporary storage cavity (6) is circular in cross section, and the opening and closing mechanism (7) comprises a plurality of fan-shaped evenly distributed circumferences. A guide block (71), the rotating axes of the plurality of the guide blocks (71) are collinear with the central axis of the temporary storage cavity (6), the guide block (71) is provided with a side close to the reprocessing device (8) A plurality of fan-shaped baffles (72) evenly distributed around the circumference, the baffles (72) and the guide blocks (71) are equal in number and area, and ventilation holes (73) are provided on the surface of each of the baffles (72) . 6. A track cleaning system according to claim 5, characterized in that, a motor (74) is provided at the central position of the plurality of guide blocks (71), and the proximal end of each of the baffles (72) is provided with a motor (74). Connected as a whole, the central positions of the plurality of baffles (72) are fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the motor (74), and a threading pipe ( 75), the threading tube (75) extends radially and opens on the outer wall of the temporary storage cavity (6). 7 . The track cleaning system according to claim 5 , wherein each of the guide blocks ( 71 ) is thick in the middle and thin on both sides in the circumferential direction, and each of the guide blocks ( 71 ) is far away in the radial direction. 8 . The central end is thick and the proximal end is thin, and a raised portion is formed on the side of the guide block (71) away from the reprocessing device (8). 8. A track cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that the reprocessing device (8) comprises a compression chamber (81), wherein a controllable edge compression chamber is provided in the compression chamber (81). (81) A compression disc (82) extending in the longitudinal direction, the opposite side of the working surface of the compression disc (82) is fixedly connected to the output end of the telescopic mechanism (83), and the output end of the telescopic mechanism (83) passes through the compression plate (82) The end face of the cavity (81), the end face of the compression cavity (81) away from the telescopic mechanism (83) is provided with a cavity opening, and a movable door (85) that can be opened and closed in a controlled manner is provided at the cavity opening, and the compression cavity ( 81) A plurality of suction holes are provided at positions corresponding to the input end of the negative pressure mechanism (9), and the telescopic mechanism (83) is signally connected to the opening and closing mechanism (7). 9. A track cleaning system according to claim 8, characterized in that the cavity opening and the inner cavity of the compression cavity (81) have the same size and shape, and the movable door (85) exceeds the cavity opening. The cross-sectional area of the part is larger than the cross-sectional area of the part protruding into the cavity opening, and a door control assembly (84) is provided between the side surface of the part of the movable door (85) beyond the cavity opening and the bottom surface of the rail vehicle (1). The door control assembly (84) allows the movable door (85) to be completely outside the cavity in the open state. 10. A rail vehicle equipped with the track cleaning system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rail vehicle (1) comprises a train, a high-speed rail, a subway, an electric train, a sky train, and a sightseeing car , a track cleaning system is provided on the side of the rail vehicle (1) close to the track (3).

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