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CN111520974A - 一种全低压空分设备用膨胀空气液化器 - Google Patents

一种全低压空分设备用膨胀空气液化器 Download PDF

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CN111520974A
CN111520974A CN202010446064.XA CN202010446064A CN111520974A CN 111520974 A CN111520974 A CN 111520974A CN 202010446064 A CN202010446064 A CN 202010446064A CN 111520974 A CN111520974 A CN 111520974A
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liquefier
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gas
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攸金高
张守杰
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Kaifeng Huanghe Air Separation Group Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04896—Details of columns, e.g. internals, inlet/outlet devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
    • F25J3/04206—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions including a so-called "auxiliary vaporiser" for vaporising and producing a gaseous product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/40—One fluid being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/42—One fluid being nitrogen

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Abstract

本发明属于空分技术领域，具体涉及一种全低压空分设备用膨胀空气液化器。所述膨胀空气液化器，包括外置式气液分离器和液化器本体，外置式气液分离器顶部设有未液化的膨胀空气进上塔的出口、底部设有液空进上塔的出口；液化器本体的顶部设有汽化了的氮气出口、侧壁上开设有液氮进口、内部设有板翅式换热器，其与板翅式换热器形成空腔，板翅式换热器上部连接有膨胀空气进气管，其下部连接有液空输出管。本发明采用了内置式气液分离器，液氮先进入其中，然后进入液化器本体，同时，在板翅式换热器中液化了的膨胀空气（液空）进入外置式气液分离器，使得膨胀空气在液化后中非常稳定的进入上塔参与精馏。

Description

一种全低压空分设备用膨胀空气液化器
技术领域
本发明属于空分技术领域，具体涉及一种全低压空分设备用膨胀空气液化器。
背景技术
在全低压空分设备中，为了维持设备在低温下工作需要产生冷量，而产冷的主要办法是靠空气在膨胀机中膨胀做功产冷。全低压制氧机的膨胀机进口压力通常为下塔压力，膨胀后的压力为138-140KPa。低于下塔压力，这部分膨胀空气无法再进入下塔。如果这一部分膨胀空气只去冷却加工空气后排出装置，就会使这部分作为制冷工质的膨胀空气中的氧、氮、氩组分得不到分离，导致氧、氮、氩的提取率降低而不经济，因而从全低压流程的经济性来考虑，希望膨胀后的低压气流能参加精馏。它的压力在上塔工况范围内，故有可能进入上塔。1932年拉赫曼发现了这一规律，并提出利用上塔精馏潜力的措施，可将适量（约占加工空气量的20﹪-25﹪）的膨胀空气直接进入上塔进行精馏。这称为拉赫曼原理，这部分气体称为拉赫曼气体。
需要指出的是，膨胀空气进入上塔进行精馏只是为了经济，它对上塔的精馏工况是不利的：1、破坏了膨胀空气进料口精馏段的汽液比，为了维持设备在低温下工作需要产生冷量，膨胀机转速降低，膨胀空气出口温度升高约为128K-108K（绝对温度）左右，对于全低压制氧装置的精馏塔一般在液空进料口下部1-2层填料或2-3块理论塔板，即安排膨胀空气的入口，上塔精馏段此处的温度为90K-87K，38-40度的温差足于使此处的回流液瞬间气化，破坏了膨胀空气进料口精馏段的汽液比。2、破坏了膨胀空气进料口精馏段的热量平衡，降低了上塔的 提取率。提取率是空分设备完善度的标志之一，提取率越高，就意味着氧、氮、氩损失越少，也就是污氮气带走的氧越少。128K-108K膨胀空气进入上塔，增加了上塔的热负荷，破坏了上塔得热平衡，上塔的氧含量的梯度上移，造成提馏段污氮气带走的氧越越多，降低了上塔的 提取率。3、对带有氩馏分抽出口的上塔，影响氩馏分区的氩含量。由于128K-108K（绝对温度）膨胀空气进入上塔，破坏了膨胀空气进料口精馏段的汽液比，改变了精馏段的热量平衡，造成氩馏分区的氩含量很不稳定。使氩系统不稳定，所以带氩系统的空分装置，要将膨胀空气旁通掉三分之一左右。
为了克服上述三点缺陷，提供了一种双级精馏的全低压空分装置（授权公告号CN208012234U），那么本发明的目的是为了给上述全低压空分装置提供一种双级精馏全液进上塔空分装置用的膨胀空气液化器。它不但能使膨胀空气液化成液空进上塔参加上塔的精馏，也改变了以前气体进上塔参加上塔精馏的破坏因素，而且能使上塔的精馏更加稳定，使原料空气中的氧气基本全部提取。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的问题，本发明提供了一种全低压空分设备用膨胀空气液化器。该膨胀空气液化器能将膨胀空气液化成液空并进入上塔参加上塔的精馏，同时使上塔的精馏更加稳定。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种全低压空分设备用膨胀空气液化器，包括相连通的外置式气液分离器和液化器本体，外置式气液分离器顶部设有膨胀空气出口，外置式气液分离器的底部设有液空出口；
所述液化器本体的侧壁上开设有液氮进口，液化器本体的顶部设有氮气出口，液化器本体内设有板翅式换热器，液化器本体与板翅式换热器形成空腔，板翅式换热器上部连接有进气管，且进气管穿过液化器本体并伸出液化器本体外，板翅式换热器下部连接有液空输出管，且液空输出管穿过液化器本体并与外置式气液分离器相连通。
优选的，所述液化器本体内还设有内置式气液分离器，内置式气液分离器底部与空腔相连通；设置内置式气液分离器的目的和作用是：进来的液氮是有6-9﹪气化率的，其进液化器本体内，通过内置式气液分离器将这部分气体分离出来，气体通过氮气出口排出，液体与板翅式换热器内的膨胀空气进行换热，保障液氮与板翅式换热器内的膨胀空气换热的稳定。
优选的，所述液氮进口为两个，且沿周向对称设置。
优选的，外置式气液分离器和液化器本体通过支架固定连接，支架分别与外置式气液分离器和液化器本体的上部连接。
优选的，所述液氮进口设于液化器本体的侧壁上方。
和现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1. 本发明采用了内置式气液分离器，液氮先进入其中然后进入液化器本体，同时，在板翅式换热器中液化了的膨胀空气（液空）进入外置式气液分离器，使得膨胀空气在液化过程中非常稳定；
2. 本发明装置简单，适用于专利CN 208012234U空分装置的液化器，可以显著提高空气分离效果，使氧气的提取率达到了99.5%以上。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述全低压空分设备用膨胀空气液化器的结构示意图；
图2为图1中A-A剖视图；
图3为图1中B-B剖视图；
图中：1为外置式气液分离器，101为膨胀空气出口，102为液空出口，2为支架，3为液化器本体，301为液氮进口，302为氮气出口，4为内置式气液分离器，5为板翅式换热器，501为进气管，502为液空输出管，6为空腔。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明进行进一步说明，但并不是对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，对于方位词，如有术语“中心”，“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示方位和位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于叙述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定方位构造和操作，不能理解为限制本发明的具体保护范围。
需要说明的是，本申请的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本申请的实施例。
实施例1
如图1-3所示，本发明的全低压空分设备用膨胀空气液化器，包括相连通的外置式气液分离器1和液化器本体3，外置式气液分离器1顶部设有膨胀空气出口101，外置式气液分离器1的底部设有液空出口102；
所述液化器本体3的侧壁上开设有液氮进口301，液化器本体3的顶部设有氮气出口302，液化器本体3内设有板翅式换热器5，液化器本体3与板翅式换热器5形成空腔6，板翅式换热器5上部连接有进气管501，且进气管501穿过液化器本体3并伸出液化器本体3外，板翅式换热器5下部连接有液空输出管502，且液空输出管502穿过液化器本体3并与外置式气液分离器1相连通。
所述液化器本体3内设有内置式气液分离器4，内置式气液分离器4底部与空腔6相连通。所述液氮进口301为两个，且沿周向对称设置。外置式气液分离器1和液化器本体3通过支架2固定连接，支架2分别与外置式气液分离器1和液化器本体3的上部固定连接（可采用焊接）。
本发明装置的使用过程如下：将128-108K的膨胀空气由本装置的进气管501进入板翅式换热器5，同时，来自于空分装置（CN 208012234U）下精馏塔的液氮经两个对称的液氮进口301进入内置式气液分离器4进行分离，再进入液化器本体3的空腔6内，将进入板翅式换热器5内的膨胀空气冷凝，冷凝下来的90-87K的液空进入外置式气液分离器1中进行分离后，液空经液空出口102进入空分装置的上精馏塔参加精馏，未冷凝的膨胀空气经膨胀空气出口101排出，在空腔6内汽化了的氮气经氮气出口302送入污氮管道。本发明装置实现了将膨胀空气液化成液空，保证了进入后续空分装置进行精馏的绝对稳定，同时，使氧气提取率达到了99.5%以上。
内置式气液分离器4与氮气出口302相连通，通过内置式气液分离器4将进入的液氮中气体分离出来并通过氮气出口302排出。
本发明装置的具体应用情况如下：
河北省邢台德龙钢铁有限公司KDONAr-32000/36000-1100型空分装置，未使用膨胀空气液化器，废气污氮出冷箱的氧含量是4-7％，污氮气排出量64000 m3/h；使用膨胀空气液化器后，废气污氮出冷箱的氧含量是0.4-0.5％，等于少排掉氧气64000*5％=3200 m3/h，实际运行参数如下；
进空分装置总的空气量170000 m3/h不变的情况下，投膨胀空气液化器前，氧气产量32050 m3/h，液氧产量2000 m3/h，纯度99.6％，氧的提取率为94.5％，投入本发明的膨胀空气液化器后，氧气产量35600 m3/h，液氧产量2000 m3/h，纯度99.6％，氧的提取率为99.5％，氧气产量增加了3500 m3/h，纯度增加5.1%，节约了约2600万的投入。

Claims (5)

1.一种全低压空分设备用膨胀空气液化器，其特征在于，包括相连通的外置式气液分离器和液化器本体，外置式气液分离器顶部设有膨胀空气出口，外置式气液分离器的底部设有液空出口；
所述液化器本体的侧壁上开设有液氮进口，液化器本体的顶部设有氮气出口，液化器本体内设有板翅式换热器，且液化器本体与板翅式换热器形成空腔，板翅式换热器上部连接有进气管，且进气管穿过液化器本体并伸出液化器本体外，板翅式换热器下部连接有液空输出管，且液空输出管穿过液化器本体并与外置式气液分离器相连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述全低压空分设备用膨胀空气液化器，其特征在于，所述液化器本体内还设有内置式气液分离器，内置式气液分离器底部与空腔相连通。
3.根据权利要求1所述全低压空分设备用膨胀空气液化器，其特征在于，所述液氮进口为两个，且沿周向对称设置。
4.根据权利要求1所述全低压空分设备用膨胀空气液化器，其特征在于，外置式气液分离器和液化器本体通过支架固定连接，支架分别与外置式气液分离器和液化器本体的上部连接。
5.根据权利要求1所述全低压空分设备用膨胀空气液化器，其特征在于，所述液氮进口设于液化器本体的侧壁上方。
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