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CN1115152A - 目视信息系统 - Google Patents

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CN1115152A
CN1115152A CN94118043A CN94118043A CN1115152A CN 1115152 A CN1115152 A CN 1115152A CN 94118043 A CN94118043 A CN 94118043A CN 94118043 A CN94118043 A CN 94118043A CN 1115152 A CN1115152 A CN 1115152A
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CN1056259C (zh
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罗伯特·J·戈夫
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Texas Instruments Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/63—Control of cameras or camera modules by using electronic viewfinders
    • H04N23/633—Control of cameras or camera modules by using electronic viewfinders for displaying additional information relating to control or operation of the camera
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/222—Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
    • H04N5/262—Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects ; Cameras specially adapted for the electronic generation of special effects
    • H04N5/272—Means for inserting a foreground image in a background image, i.e. inlay, outlay
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/64—Constructional details of receivers, e.g. cabinets or dust covers

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Abstract

利用摄象机来获取输入图象的一种可视信息系统，用处理器对图象进行处理，并利用光学装置把经过处理的图象投影，叠加到由观察者观看的实际目标上。处理是实时完成的，容许观察者在移动时和改变视角时可以同时看到实际的和经过处理的图象。被显示图象的感兴趣部分可以加亮显示，或者包括提供给观察者的图形信息。

Description

目视信息系统
本发明涉及图像处理系统，特别涉及头戴式图象处理和显示系统。
采用相片或电子学方法存储的图象来帮助观察者观看目标的特征和空间关系，在许多场合下是有利的。观察者想要确定或检查的特征有时很模糊或者难于用肉眼来确定。
一个例子是在进行外科手术时产生的。外科医生在做外科手术之前要取一张人体某部分的相片或电子图象。该图象可能是由先前进行的诸如磁共振成象(MRI)或计算机控制轴向层析X射线摄影(CAT)获得的。在进行外科手术时，外科医生将把该图象作为手术的向导。在手术中，外科医生要回过来参看图象以帮助探查肿瘤或确保整个肿瘤已被切除。
本发明给出一种向观察者提供目视信息的方法和装置，它不阻挡观察者的视线，观察者也不必从所注况的目标移开视线。本发明的一个实施例提供了一种成象系统，该系统在使用者的视野内显示出一幅由计算机产生的图象，而不妨碍使用者的观察。使用者不必从所感兴趣的目标上移开视线就能看见图象，此外，可对使用者看到的图象进行处理，使它具有正确的透视点或观察点。可以把计算机产生的图象叠加在使用者看到的真实的图象上，以帮助使用者把由计算机产生的图象的信息与使用者实际看到的目标图象相关联。
本发明的一个进一步的优点是系统能够监视使用者或目标的活动，而所显示的图象可发生改变以对活动作补偿。这就容许使用者只要移动他的头就可以不同的透视点来观看目标。这种三维效果在于该图象显示出使用者看不到的内部特征。例如，在进行外科手术时，可以标出大动脉的位置，使外科医生避开它。
图1是目视信息系统一个实施例的略图。
图2是目视信息系统显示机构的第一个实施例的略图。
图3是目视信息系统显示机构的第二个实施例的略图。
图4是目视信息系统一个实施例的示意图。
图5是由所揭示的目视信息系统的一个实施例看到的一只病人的手的示意图。
用已存储的图象来帮助观察者在观察时辨识目标有几个缺点。首先，为了看已存储的图象，观察者必须把他的视线从他所感兴趣的目标上移开，这就打断了正在进行的工作并破坏了观察者的注意力集中。其次，呈现给观察者的图象为一幅固定的透视图，因而观察者通常不能控制图象的观察点。在某些情形下，该图象可能难于与观察者的透视点相关联。举例来说，在检查一电子组件时，如果在被探查或要被去除的某个元件周围有许多极其相象的元件，或者更糟的是，有许多完全相同的元件时，该元件的图象就不会有多大帮助。
一种更好的解决办法是把图象叠加在被观察的目标上，事实上突出了目标中引起注意的特征。所揭示的增强视力的成象系统有许多用途，举例来说，由上面讨论过的用来指引外科手术的图象得出的三维信息可用来产生被增强图象并把它投影进入外科医生的视线，使外科医生不必把视线移开病人就能看见图象。
图1示出所揭示的成象系统的一个实施例的略图。电视摄象机22监视对象(在本情形中，对象是外科病人)，并通过信道34把图象的电子学表示传送给处理器28。电视摄象机的选择取决于所需的信息，对于本发明来说，这不是一个关键。举例来说，摄象机可以是单色的或彩色的，数字的或模拟的，以及能够接收可见光谱以外的光的等等。在某些应用中，为帮助产生三维图象，用多于一个的摄象机来向处理器提供额外的透视图可能是有利的。
任选的病人位置传感器24把信息传送给处理器28，使得图象处理和显示的功能可以补偿病人的活动。注意，目标位置和活动信息可以由摄象机获得图象以及用可视算法取得。通过跟踪病人的特征，处理器28可以确定位置和活动信息。如果病人原先不存在合适的特征，则可在开始手术之前，在病人身上作出高反差的标记，以容许处理器28对病人进行光学跟踪。
观察者位置传感器26对观察者的位置进行跟踪，以容许观察者移动或转身观看一幅图象的不同视图。位置传感器26不仅容许处理器28补偿视角，它还使处理器28在由目标至观察者的距离改变时按比例放大或缩小图象，并且在观察者掠过被检查目标时，图象会越过屏幕移动。如果观察者和目标的初始位置是已知的，则可以用活动传感器来替代位置传感器。当病人移动时，有了活动补偿就不会发生图象扭曲或模糊不清了。
处理器28运用图象处理算法来对由摄象机22和其他图象源来的图象进行处理。图1中未示出其他图象源，但它可以包括扫描照相、MRI或CAT扫描、其他医学诊断设备、先前的外科手术以及任何图象装置。在某些应用中所需的图象处理功能是图象调整、特征提取以及匹配或关联算法。计算机产生的图象为全帧显示图象或完全描绘的三维图象或二者的混合组合。举例来说，把肿瘤作完全描绘并加以着色，而将周围组织以全帧显示方式表示。处理器也能用伪着色来突出目标的某些特征。还可以显示文字数据，告诉外科医生有关病人的生命标志、外科手术延续时间等等。
除了对图象数据进行处理之外，处理器28也接收来自外科医生的输入，使外科医生能标出感兴趣的区域并为以后的分析建一图形数据库。来自外科医生的输入也可以与已存储的信息一起使用以帮助识别特征。外科医生能够用任何可获得的装置来把数据据输入处理器，这些装置包括键盘、鼠标器、触摸屏幕、跟踪球、光笔或者声音识别装置。
处理器28可以是成象系统能进行所需必要的图象处理和显示控制功能的任何类型的一个处理器或一组处理器。举例来说，可以围绕德克萨斯仪器公司的多媒体图象处理器(MVP)图象处理芯片来设计处理器。处理器有足够的处理能力来实时地处理图象、目标活动、观察者位置以及观察者输入数据。所需的帧率随应用情况而改变，但最好在每秒60至100帧的范围内，虽然在某些情形下，特别是在活动很小的情形下，可以接受每秒30或更少帧。由于图象的复杂程度和图象处理算法改变了处理能力和要求，帧率可以动态地改变。
经过处理的图象通过显示控制总线40被送至显示装置30。显示装置可以是任何类型的空间光调制器，它能这样来显示，使图象叠加在被观察的目标上。按需要，用光学装置33来聚焦和投影图象。根据所用空间光调制器的类型，并非在所有的应用中都需用光源32和光学装置33。
包括显示装置、光源以及光学装置的显示系统68的一个实施例示于图2。按需要，用透镜58使来自光源54的光聚焦和准直。被聚焦的光用空间光调制器(在本情形中是DMD阵列60)来调制。按需要，用透镜64来使反射光62聚焦和扩束。然后光被镜片50反射。与此同时，来自目标46的光48被容许通过镜片50。来自目标和DMD阵列的光52由显示系统68射出，并由观察者观看。
镜片50可以象一付护目镜那样佩戴，或者将镜片的一面遮住，容许观察者通过镜片50观看目标46同时观看投影在镜片上的图象。镜片50可以是部分镀银的以反射光，或者只是具有部分反射表面的任何材料。典型地，把镜片50设计成可以容许约90％的来自目标的光通过镜片50，并将10％的来自DMD的反射光66反射。由镜片50反射与透过的光量取决于应用以及可以由目标和图象获得的光量。由于DMD60容许在很宽的范围内调节被投影图象的亮度，因此DMD在这种应用中特别有用。这一宽的调节范围使观察者可在图象亮度和目标清晰程度之间取得可以接受的折衷。
按照本发明的显示系统的第二个实施例只是减弱来自目标的光。示于图3的第二个实施例可以用一液晶显示器(LCD)来替代DMD。由于不需要光源以及投影用的光学装置，LCD67可以是由观察者佩戴的护目镜69的实际镜片。使LCD工作所需的信号由电缆71传送。用LCD来替代图2中的反射镜片，使更多的来自图象的光受到衰减，并降低了观察者的可视度。可以用使来自感兴趣区域的光衰减或者使除了感兴趣区域以外的所有区域的光衰减的做法来标出感兴趣的区域。
外科用成象系统的一个实施例的示意图示于图4。观察者72通过显示系统68观看目标46。在这个实施例中，显示系统68以及观察者位置传感器26都由观察者72头戴。目标位置传感器24贴于目标46，它既不妨碍观察者72的观察也不妨碍摄象机22的拍摄。处理器28接收来自摄象机22、观察者位置传感器26以及目标位置传感器24的数据，并把数据送至显示系统68。
图5示出在进行从病人体内取出异物的手术时，通过成象系统观察的一个例子。在图5中，外科医生企图从病人的手82中取出异物80。可以显示诸如病人的生命标志、目标之间的距离以及手术已经进行的时间等文字信息84。有关的目标(在本情形中是外科医生企图避开的神经86)以及异物80的进入路径88等可加亮显示。当外科医生相对于病人作移动时，被显示图象以及病人的手的透视图将一起改变，使外科医生能确定取出异物80的最佳方法，这一点是值得称赞的。
这样，虽然在这里只是揭示了一个外科用成象系统特殊的实施例，但除了下面的权利要求所规定的限制之外，并不企图把这些特殊的参考资料视为对本发明范围的限制。此外，已结合某些特殊的实施例对本发明作了描述，应该明白，由于熟悉本领域的人自己也能提出一些进一步的改变，因而希望能够覆盖所有落入所附权利要求的范围之内的这些改变。

Claims (21)

1.  一种成象系统包括：
一摄象机，用以监视景象，把景象信息转变为电子信号，并传送所述信号；
一处理器，用以接收来自所述摄象机的所述信号，并对所述信号施行图象处理程序，并产生表示有关所述景象信息的经过处理的信号；
一显示装置，用以接收所述经过处理的信息并把该信息转变为被显示的图象，其特征在于，一观察者可以通过所述显示装置观看并且可以同时看到所述景象和所述被显示的图象。
2.  如权利要求1的成象系统，其特征在于，所述被显示图象被叠加在由观察者看到的透视图的所述景象上。
3.  如权利要求1的成象系统，其特征在于，所述被显示图象被投影在一付护目镜的镜片上。
4.  如权利要求1的成象系统，其特征在于，所述被显示图象被投影在受遮挡的面上。
5.  如权利要求1的成象系统，其特征在于，所述显示装置包括一空间光调制器，所述观察者通过所述空间光调制器观看。
6.  如权利要求1的成象系统，其特征在于，所述显示装置包括一数字式微镜装置。
7.  如权利要求1的成象系统，其特征在于，所述显示装置包括一液晶显示器。
8.  如权利要求1的成象系统，其特征在于，所述显示装置包括一部分镀银的镜片。
9.  如权利要求1的成象系统，其特征在于，所述显示装置是由所述系统的使用者头戴的装置。
10.  如权利要求1的成象系统，其特征在于，所述处理器实时地施行所述图象处理程序。
11.  如权利要求1的成象系统，其特征在于，所述处理器对所述景象进行跟踪，从而补偿所述景象内的活动。
12.  如权利要求1的成象系统，其特征在于，它进一步包括一个在所述景象中贴于目标的一个位置传感器，该传感器与所述处理器通信，使所述处理器可以监视所述目标在所述景象中的位置。
13.  如权利要求1的成象系统，其特征在于，它进一步包括一个在所述景象中贴于目标的活动传感器，该传感器与所述处理器通信，使所述处理器可以补偿所述目标在所述景象中的活动。
14.  如权利要求1的成象系统，其特征在于，它进一步包括一个贴于所述使用者的位置传感器，该传感器与所述处理器通信，使所述处理器能对所述使用者的活动进行补偿。
15.  如权利要求1的成象系统，其特征在于，它进一步包括一个贴于所述使用者的活动传感器，该传感器与所述处理器信，使所述处理器能对所述使用者的活动进行补偿。
16.  如权利要求1的成象系统，其特征在于，所述被显示的图象是一幅所述景象的高反差图象。
17.  如权利要求1的成象系统，其特征在于，所述被显示的图象是所述景象的一部分的伪彩色图象。
18.  一种成象系统包括：
一摄象机，用以一直监视景象，并把景象信息转变为电子信号；
一处理器，用以接收所述电子信号并对所述电子信号施行图象处理程序并输出一经过处理的图象信号；
一贴于所述景象中的目标的位置传感器，它与所述处理器互通有关所述目标位置的信息；
一贴于所述系统使用者的位置传感器，它与所述处理器互通有关所述使用者位置的信息；
一显示装置，用以接收所述图象信号并把所述图象信号转变为显示图象，其特征在于，一观察者可通过所述显示装置观察，并且看到被显示图象叠加在所述景象上。
19.  一种显示目标图象的方法，其特征在于，包括：
用一摄象机把来自目标的光转变为电子信号；
跟踪所述目标的位置；
跟踪观察者的位置；
对所述电子信号进行处理，以对所述目标与所述观察者的相对位置进行补偿；
把经过处理的电子信号转变为图象；以及
这样来显示所述图象，使所述观察者看到所述图象叠加在所述目标上。
20.  如权利要求15的方法，其特征在于，用位置传感器跟踪所述目标的位置可以用活动传感器跟踪所述目标的活动来替代。
21.  如权利要求15的方法，其特征在于，用位置传感器跟踪所述观察者的位置可以用活动传感器来跟踪所述观察者的活动来替代。
CN94118043A 1993-12-03 1994-12-03 目视信息系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1056259C (zh)

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US08/161,831 US5491510A (en) 1993-12-03 1993-12-03 System and method for simultaneously viewing a scene and an obscured object
US08/161,831 1993-12-03

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CN1115152A true CN1115152A (zh) 1996-01-17
CN1056259C CN1056259C (zh) 2000-09-06

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