CN111472817B - Water-stopping and anti-freezing structure for tunnel in high-cold freezing and thawing water-rich environment and construction method - Google Patents
Water-stopping and anti-freezing structure for tunnel in high-cold freezing and thawing water-rich environment and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111472817B CN111472817B CN202010199842.XA CN202010199842A CN111472817B CN 111472817 B CN111472817 B CN 111472817B CN 202010199842 A CN202010199842 A CN 202010199842A CN 111472817 B CN111472817 B CN 111472817B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/10—Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/76—Use at unusual temperatures, e.g. sub-zero
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a water-stopping and anti-freezing structure of a tunnel in a high-cold freeze-thawing water-rich environment and a construction method. The construction method comprises the following steps: constructing and spraying concrete on the inner side of the surrounding rock to form a primary lining layer, and spraying foam concrete on the inner side of the primary lining layer to form an anti-freezing buffer layer; laying a rubber plastic plate as a frost heaving absorption plate, constructing a gel mixture waterproof layer on the inner side of the frost heaving absorption plate, and then laying a heat insulation layer; a mortar bonding layer is laid between the heat preservation and insulation layer and the secondary lining layer; the secondary lining layer is made of porous lightweight aggregate concrete, and a drainage device and a heat supply device are pre-embedded in advance at the vault and two sides of the secondary lining layer. The invention has water stopping effect in construction period under high cold freezing and thawing water-rich environment, and can prevent and control frost heaving and thawing frost damage in operation period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tunnel water-stopping and anti-freezing structure in a high-cold freezing and water-rich environment and a construction method.
Background
With the continuous development of economic construction and the rapid expansion of the transportation industry in China, the ground traffic pressure is increasingly severe, and the continuous progress of the research and development of underground space engineering technology drives the large construction of the whole underground rail traffic engineering, so that the tunnel engineering construction brings unprecedented huge challenges. Because urban underground rail transit engineering is generally shallow in buried depth, complex geological conditions, particularly water-rich geological structures, are frequently encountered in excavation, and research on water seepage prevention capability of tunnels becomes a key technical problem, however, diseases such as frost heaving, thaw collapse and the like are increasingly prominent in tunnel engineering in frozen soil areas, particularly, water in surrounding rocks seeps into the tunnels, water which is not removed in the tunnels when the temperature drops in winter freezes, and the phenomenon of frost heaving damage is accompanied, which is common in northeast cold areas in winter, so that the key is to block the seepage of water in the surrounding rocks into the tunnels.
At present, a long-term reliable structural form is not provided for solving the problems of seepage and frost heaving and thawing sinking of water in the tunnel, a layer of waterproof material is generally arranged between a primary lining and a secondary lining in the conventional tunnel water stop scheme, and the layer of waterproof material is relatively weak when the water seepage amount is large and water gushes from water-rich strata are serious. However, for the problem of water seepage of the tunnel in the operation period, water seepage is generally blocked, so that water is accumulated at the blocked part and water seepage nearby is caused, and larger seepage is caused. The traditional structural form has relatively poor water stopping effect, fails to timely block water seepage into the tunnel, and increases the probability of frost heaving and thaw collapse of tunnel engineering in a frozen soil area. The tunnel water-stopping and anti-freezing structural form is reasonable in structure, simple in construction, efficient, long in time, low in price and environment-friendly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a tunnel water-stopping and anti-freezing structure in a high-cold-freezing and water-rich environment and a construction method thereof.
Based on the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a rich water environment tunnel stagnant water structure of preventing frostbite is frozen to high cold which characterized in that: the wall rock sequentially comprises a primary lining layer, an anti-freezing buffer layer, a frost heaving absorption plate, a gelled mixture waterproof layer, a heat insulation layer, a mortar bonding layer and a secondary lining layer from inside to outside.
The construction method of the tunnel water-stopping and anti-freezing structure in the high-cold freezing and thawing water-rich environment comprises the following steps:
(1) primary lining layer: spraying concrete on the inner side of the surrounding rock;
(2) anti-freezing buffer layer: spraying foam concrete on the inner side of the primary lining to form an anti-freezing buffer layer;
(3) frost heaving absorption plate: paving a rubber plastic plate as a frost heaving absorption plate;
(4) water stop layer of gelled mixture: constructing a gelled mixture water stopping layer on the inner side of the frost heaving absorption plate;
(5) paving a waterproof layer on the inner side of the gelled mixture layer;
(6) laying heat preservation and insulation layers on the inner sides of the waterproof layers;
(7) a mortar bonding layer is laid between the heat insulation layer and the secondary lining layer as a bonding layer of the heat insulation layer and the secondary lining layer;
(8) constructing a secondary lining layer: the secondary lining layer is made of pouring construction porous lightweight aggregate concrete, and a drainage device and a heat supply device are pre-buried in the vault and two sides of the secondary lining layer in advance.
Wherein, the raw materials of the gelled mixture in the step 5 are as follows according to the weight ratio: 68-86 parts of quick lime, 2-7 parts of fly ash, 5-8 parts of cement, 4-9 parts of blast furnace granulated slag powder and 3-8 parts of mineral-based cementing material; firstly, uniformly mixing the raw materials, then carrying out base activation treatment, and then grinding to convert the raw materials into a powdery cementing material with the particle size range of 350-550 meshes, wherein the adopted excitant is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide.
And 8, arranging a fireproof plate on the inner side of the secondary lining layer.
The principle of the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the primary lining layer has the effects of ensuring the safety of the tunnel in the construction process, effectively reinforcing rock mass, preventing deformation and collapse of surrounding rock and being used as a temporary lining or a bearing lining. The anti-freezing buffer layer and the frost heaving absorption plate have good absorption and mitigation effects on frost heaving of the water seepage tunnel in winter in the water-rich area. The action of the waterproof layer of the gelled mixture is divided into two stages, wherein the first stage is a construction period, the waterproof layer of the gelled mixture is compact, not only absorbs a large amount of water seepage of surrounding rocks, but also blocks the seepage of water in the surrounding rocks into a tunnel, and the purpose of construction water stopping is achieved by combining the water stopping action of the waterproof layer outside the waterproof layer of the gelled mixture; the second stage is a running period, the gelled mixture and carbon dioxide in water and air are subjected to chemical reaction to form a hardened gelled substance, the volume of the hardened gelled substance is slightly expanded and the hardened gelled substance is converted into a light, compact and high-strength hardened gelled substance layer, so that the seepage of water in surrounding rocks into a tunnel is reliably blocked, the secondary lining and the heat-insulating layer are prevented and controlled from generating frost heaving damage, and the hardened gelled substance layer has a larger stress supporting effect, so that the running freezing damage of the tunnel is avoided. The waterproof layer has the following functions: because seepage phenomenon may occur because the gelled mixture does not form a hardened gelled substance in the construction period, a waterproof layer is additionally arranged on the gelled mixture layer, and the waterproof layer mainly plays a role in stopping water in the construction period. The heat preservation and insulation layer has two functions: firstly, isolating a gelled mixture layer and a secondary lining, and avoiding the generation of additional stress on the secondary lining due to the volume micro-expansion of a hardened gelled mixture; and the second is the initial freezing period before the hardened gel layer is not completely formed on the gel mixture layer, so that the short-time antifreezing effect is realized. The mortar bonding layer is used for bonding the secondary lining layer and the heat insulation layer together, has good bonding property and can prevent falling off. The secondary lining layer has the functions of ensuring the clearance of the tunnel and the safety of the structure in the operation process, reinforcing the support, and forming a composite lining together with the primary lining layer by the permanent lining structure arranged for the purpose. The drainage device pre-buried in the secondary lining layer is mainly used for removing redundant moisture and preventing frost heaving in winter. The heating device is used for adjusting the temperature, preventing the temperature of the tunnel from being too low and keeping the heat balance. The fire-proof plate prevents the heating device from generating bad conditions, and effectively avoids fire hazard.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: the structure can realize the water stopping effect in the construction period of the tunnel in the water-rich environment, prevent and control frost heaving and thaw frost damage in the operation period, has the functions of heat preservation and temperature regulation, still maintains the thermal balance of the tunnel when the load and the temperature change, avoids the frost damage of the tunnel, can guarantee the functionality and the stability of the tunnel structure in the high and cold frozen soil area for a long time, has high-efficiency and long-term water stopping and freeze-proof heat preservation effects, is suitable for the tunnel engineering in the water-rich area with various soil qualities, such as frozen soil, expansive soil, loess and other engineering construction, has important practical value particularly for the disease problem of the tunnel engineering in the high and cold frozen water-rich complex environment, and can be popularized in the construction technology of railways and highways.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the anti-freeze structure of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. primary lining layer; 2. an anti-freezing buffer layer; 3. a frost heaving absorption plate; 4. a water stopping layer of the gelled mixture; 5. a waterproof layer; 6. a heat insulation layer; 7. a mortar bonding layer; 8. and (5) secondary lining layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the following will describe the embodiments of the present invention in further detail, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
Example 1
The utility model provides a rich water environment tunnel stagnant water structure of preventing frostbite is frozen to high cold which characterized in that: the wall rock is sequentially provided with a primary lining layer, an anti-freezing buffer layer, a frost heaving absorption plate, a gelled mixture waterproof layer, a heat insulation layer, a mortar bonding layer and a secondary lining layer from inside to outside.
The construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, constructing a primary lining on one side of surrounding rock, firstly spraying anchor for supporting, primarily spraying concrete with the thickness of 3-4cm on the rock surface, arranging a hollow anchor rod on the arch part, arranging a mortar anchor rod on the side wall, hanging a reinforcing mesh, supporting a steel frame, and spraying concrete again, wherein the designed thickness is required to be reached;
and then, spraying foam concrete on the inner side of the primary lining to form an anti-freezing buffer layer, and paving a rubber plastic plate as a frost heaving absorption plate.
Then, constructing a gel mixture water stopping layer on one side of the frost heaving absorption plate, erecting a formwork, filling the gel mixture, maintaining, and removing the formwork when the strength reaches 75%; the gelled mixture is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 68-86 parts of quick lime, 2-7 parts of fly ash, 5-8 parts of cement, 4-9 parts of blast furnace water slag powder and 3-8 parts of mineral cementing material, wherein the quick lime, the fly ash, the cement, the blast furnace water slag powder and the mineral cementing material are uniformly mixed, subjected to base activation treatment and superfine grinding to be converted into powdery cementing material, and the particle size range is controlled to be 350-550 meshes; wherein the fly ash is first-grade fly ash; the cement is one or more of portland cement, portland slag cement, pozzolanic portland cement, fly ash portland cement, aluminate cement and phosphate cement; the mineral-based cementing material is one or more of quartz, plagioclase, amphibole, anorthite, biotite, pyroxene, talc and zircon, and the adopted excitant is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide.
And then, paving a waterproof layer on one side of the cementing mixture waterproof layer, wherein the waterproof layer is formed by compounding one or more of a composite waterproof board, an EVA waterproof board, an HDPE waterproof board and a self-adhesive rubber asphalt waterproof coiled material. The composite waterproof board is in a cloth-film mode, and two cloth-films mode, wherein one cloth-film mode is formed by compounding a layer of geotextile and a layer of plastic film, the two cloth-films are formed by compounding an upper layer of geotextile and a lower layer of geotextile, and a layer of plastic film is sandwiched between the upper layer of geotextile and the lower layer of geotextile; the self-adhesive rubber asphalt waterproof coiled material can also be adhered to an EVA waterproof board for common use; the EVA waterproof board is fixed by cement nails, the arrangement distance is 1.5-2m, and the EVA waterproof board can be properly encrypted according to actual conditions.
And then, paving a heat insulation layer on one side of the waterproof layer, wherein the heat insulation layer is formed by compounding one or more of foamed cement, polyurethane building heat insulation materials (EPS polystyrene board), extruded polystyrene heat insulation boards (XPS heat insulation boards) and polystyrene foam boards (polystyrene board).
And then, the mortar bonding layer is arranged between the heat insulation layer and the secondary lining layer to be used as the bonding layer of the heat insulation layer and the secondary lining layer, so that the mortar bonding layer is prevented from falling off.
And finally, constructing a secondary lining, installing a drainage device, a heat supply device and a fireproof plate, positioning a trolley, installing a template, installing a guide pipe, pumping concrete, pouring concrete, vibrating, removing the template and maintaining. The secondary lining layer is made of porous lightweight aggregate concrete, a drainage device is pre-embedded in the secondary lining concrete in advance, a heat supply device is paved in the drainage device, and a fireproof plate is arranged on the outer side of the drainage device. The heat supply device is one or more of a hot rod and an electric heating wire, and is horizontally arranged in a U shape. The hot rod is a coreless gravity metal pipe with the outer diameter of 89mm, liquid ammonia is filled in the pipe, and the electric heating wire is S-shaped. The water discharging device comprises a plastic water discharging pipe and water permeable hoses, wherein the annular water permeable hoses are arranged on the arch crown and the two sides of the arch crown, the water permeable hoses are one or two of 50mm and 100mm in diameter, the annular water permeable hoses with the diameter of 50mm are arranged on the arch crown, the annular water permeable hoses with the diameter of 100mm are arranged on the two sides of the arch crown, and the plastic water discharging pipe is arranged on the arch bottom along the axial direction at intervals of 4-7 cm.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a rich water environment tunnel stagnant water structure of preventing frostbite is frozen to high cold, is one time lining layer, the buffer layer that prevents frostbite, frost heaving absorption plate, cementitious mixture stagnant water layer, waterproof layer, heat preservation insulating layer, mortar tie coat and secondary lining layer from inside to outside in proper order by the country rock, its characterized in that: the construction method comprises the following steps:
firstly, constructing a primary lining on one side of surrounding rock, firstly spraying anchor for supporting, primarily spraying concrete with the thickness of 3-4cm on the rock surface, arranging a hollow anchor rod on the arch part, arranging a mortar anchor rod on the side wall, hanging a reinforcing mesh, supporting a steel frame, and spraying concrete again, wherein the designed thickness is required to be reached;
then, spraying foam concrete on the inner side of the primary lining to form an anti-freezing buffer layer, and paving a rubber plastic plate as a frost heaving absorption plate;
then, constructing a gel mixture water stopping layer on one side of the frost heaving absorption plate, erecting a formwork, filling the gel mixture, maintaining, and removing the formwork when the strength reaches 75%; the gelled mixture is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 68-86 parts of quick lime, 2-7 parts of fly ash, 5-8 parts of cement, 4-9 parts of blast furnace water slag powder and 3-8 parts of mineral cementing material, wherein the quick lime, the fly ash, the cement, the blast furnace water slag powder and the mineral cementing material are uniformly mixed, subjected to base activation treatment and superfine grinding to be converted into powdery cementing material, and the particle size range is controlled to be 350-550 meshes; wherein the fly ash is first-grade fly ash; the cement is one or more of portland cement, portland slag cement, pozzolanic portland cement, fly ash portland cement, aluminate cement and phosphate cement; the mineral cementing material is one or more of quartz, plagioclase, amphibole, anorthite, biotite, pyroxene, talc and zircon, and the adopted excitant is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide;
then, paving a waterproof layer on one side of the cementing mixture water stop layer, wherein the waterproof layer is formed by compounding one or more of a composite waterproof board, an EVA waterproof board, an HDPE waterproof board and a self-adhesive rubber asphalt waterproof coiled material, the composite waterproof board is in a cloth-film and two-film form, the cloth-film is formed by compounding a geotextile layer and a plastic film layer, the two cloth-films are an upper geotextile layer and a lower geotextile layer, and a plastic film layer is sandwiched between the two geotextile layers; the self-adhesive rubber asphalt waterproof coiled material can also be adhered to an EVA waterproof board for common use; the EVA waterproof board is fixed by cement nails, and the arrangement distance is 1.5-2 m;
then, laying a heat insulation layer on one side of the waterproof layer, wherein the heat insulation layer is formed by compounding one or more of foamed cement, polyurethane building heat insulation material extruded polystyrene heat insulation boards and polystyrene foam boards;
then, a mortar bonding layer is arranged between the heat-insulating layer and the secondary lining layer to serve as a bonding layer of the heat-insulating layer and the secondary lining layer, so that the mortar bonding layer is prevented from falling off;
finally, constructing a secondary lining, installing a drainage device, a heat supply device and a fireproof plate, positioning a trolley, installing a template, installing a guide pipe, pumping concrete, pouring concrete, vibrating, removing the template and maintaining; the secondary lining layer is made of porous lightweight aggregate concrete, a drainage device is pre-embedded in the secondary lining concrete in advance, a heat supply device is laid in the drainage device, and a fireproof plate is arranged on the outer side of the drainage device; the heat supply device is one or more of a hot rod and an electric heating wire, the hot rod is a coreless gravity metal pipe with the outer diameter of 89mm, liquid ammonia is filled in the pipe, the electric heating wire is S-shaped, the water discharging device is a plastic water discharging pipe and a water permeable hose, annular water permeable hoses are arranged on the arch crown and two sides, the water permeable hoses are 50mm or 100mm in diameter, the 50mm annular water permeable hoses are arranged on the arch crown, the 100mm annular water permeable hoses are arranged on two sides, and the plastic water discharging pipes are axially arranged on the arch crown bottom at intervals of 4-7 cm.
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| CN111925185A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-11-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Vibration-damping antifreezing fiber-reinforced mineral-based gel-reinforced roadbed filler and preparation method thereof |
| CN112431620A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-03-02 | 西南交通大学 | Combined waterproof structure for reducing frost heaving force of tunnel and construction method thereof |
| CN112663625A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Construction and protection method for shallow-buried bias-pressure weak surrounding rock tunnel portal in alpine region |
| CN116446919A (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-07-18 | 中国十九冶集团有限公司 | Construction method for treating tunnel top collapse water seepage |
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| KR100801714B1 (en) * | 2006-09-25 | 2008-02-11 | 조용성 | Freezing prevention system on the road surface outside the tunnel using heat pipe |
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| KR100801714B1 (en) * | 2006-09-25 | 2008-02-11 | 조용성 | Freezing prevention system on the road surface outside the tunnel using heat pipe |
| CN103541740A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-01-29 | 同济大学 | Structure system for reducing tunnel lining frost heaving force in cold region |
| CN206529673U (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-09-29 | 绍兴文理学院 | Energy tunnel recombination formula ground temperature can antifreeze heater |
| CN108166999A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-06-15 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | A kind of antifreeze fire proof construction of the waterproof of tunnel in cold area |
| CN110128073A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-16 | 河南华泰新材科技股份有限公司 | A kind of microcellular structure Foam lightweight soil and preparation method thereof |
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