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CN111479679A - 玻璃纤维增强聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫隔热板 - Google Patents

玻璃纤维增强聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫隔热板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111479679A
CN111479679A CN201880080823.6A CN201880080823A CN111479679A CN 111479679 A CN111479679 A CN 111479679A CN 201880080823 A CN201880080823 A CN 201880080823A CN 111479679 A CN111479679 A CN 111479679A
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China
Prior art keywords
thermal insulation
polyisocyanurate
polyurethane
composite system
insulation composite
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CN201880080823.6A
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English (en)
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G·瓦罗
L·波图塞利
E·费拉里
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Dow Global Technologies LLC
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Dow Global Technologies LLC
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Publication of CN111479679A publication Critical patent/CN111479679A/zh
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本文中所描述的外隔热复合系统包括混凝土或砖石墙和在所述混凝土或砖石墙上的隔热板。所述隔热板包括根据ASTM D 1622密度小于70kg/m3的聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。还描述了制备所述外隔热复合系统和所述隔热板的方法。

Description

玻璃纤维增强聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫隔热板
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年11月28日提交的意大利专利申请号102017000136495的优先权，其全部公开内容特此以引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本公开的实施例大体上涉及聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫隔热板，并且更具体地涉及密度小于70kg/m3的玻璃纤维增强聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫隔热板。
背景技术
已提出了用于例如混凝土或砖石墙等外墙的隔热系统。施加于外墙外表面上并由抹灰系统饰面的隔热产品的组合称为外隔热复合系统(ETICS)。无论是用于新住宅还是用于翻新现有建筑存量，外隔热复合系统在施工中常常为优于其它解决方案的优先选择。
最常见的外隔热复合系统采用如隔热材料中的膨胀型聚苯乙烯(EPS)。相对于低成本替代品，聚氨酯和聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫通常可提供某些有利的特性，例如隔热、强度和有限的吸水率。然而，相比于EPS，此类泡沫可展现出减弱的尺寸稳定性。因此，提出将玻璃纤维增强聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫隔热板与外墙组合于外隔热复合系统之中。
发明内容
根据本文中的一个或多个实施例，外隔热复合系统包括混凝土或砖石墙和安置于所述混凝土或砖石墙上的隔热板。所述隔热板包括经玻璃纤维增强的聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫，其具有根据ASTM D 1622小于70kg/m3的密度。
附图说明
图1说明了示例性外隔热复合系统。
具体实施方式
参考图1，外隔热复合系统100可包括外墙102，例如混凝土或砖石墙。砖石，也称为石制品或砖造物，可包括相对较大的单元(石头、砖块、砌块等)，这些单元通过砂浆粘结在一起成为整体结构。混凝土由水泥、集料和水制成，且可放置到适当位置以产生没有单元的结构。
外隔热复合系统100可进一步包括直接安置于外墙102外表面上的粘合剂104。粘合剂104可放置在外墙102的外表面和隔热组件106之间。在各种实施例中，粘合剂104可以是柔性粘合剂，如泡沫粘合剂、硅酮粘合剂、热熔性粘合剂或冷熔性粘合剂。在一些特定实施例中，粘合剂可以是聚氨酯或聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫粘合剂，例如可从陶氏化学公司(TheDow Chemical Company)(密歇根州米德兰(Midland，MI))以Insta-StikTM商购的聚氨酯或聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫粘合剂。尽管本文所描述的各种实施例描述了用于将隔热组件106附接到外墙102的粘合剂102，但可以预期，隔热组件106可以其它方式，例如通过使用机械固定装置附接到外墙102。
根据各种实施例，隔热组件106可以是包括用玻璃纤维增强的聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的隔热板。如本文所用，术语“聚氨酯”包涵聚氨酯、聚氨酯/聚脲和聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯材料。如本文所用，术语“聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫层”是指包含聚氨酯和聚异氰脲酸酯的泡沫层。如下文将更详细地描述，各种实施例的聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫具有根据ASTM D 1622小于70kg/m3的密度。另外，在各种实施例中，当处于70℃下暴露于90％相对湿度(RH)历时2天并且处于70℃下暴露于25％RH历时2天时，隔热组件106展现以绝对值总和测量小于1.5％的尺寸变化。在各种实施例中，隔热组件106可包括至少一个面层。
仍参考图1，外隔热复合系统100可进一步包括通过隔热组件106与粘合剂104分隔的一个或多个底涂层108。尽管图1中所描绘的实施例包括两个底涂层108，但是可以预期，在一些实施例中，外隔热复合系统100可以包括三个或更多个底涂层、一个底涂层或者甚至不包括底涂层。
图1中所描绘的外隔热复合系统100还包括安置于两个底涂层108之间的补强网状物110。在各种实施例中，补强网状物110可为经聚合物涂布的玻璃纤维网织物。在一些特定实施例中，玻璃纤维网织物可具有100到220g/m的重量或者140到180g/m的重量。
最后，将表涂层112放置在外隔热复合系统100上。作为实例而非限制，表涂层112可包括细粒状和经刮擦的抹灰、装饰面板、砖纹(brick effect)或实际砖釉(brick slip)。取决于特定实施例，可涵盖其它类型的表涂层。
聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫层
在各种实施例中，聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯层可以由聚合物基质形成并且用一种或多种可膨胀玻璃网增强，所述聚合物基质通过使异氰酸酯反应性组分与异氰酸酯组分反应形成。具体来说，聚合物基质可包括氨基甲酸酯基、异氰脲酸酯基和/或脲基。用于形成聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯配制物可由依赖于聚氨酯聚合物形成的多组分系统制备，所述聚氨酯聚合物为形成聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯聚合物的由异氰酸酯组分提供的异氰酸酯部分与由异氰酸酯反应性组分提供的异氰酸酯反应性部分的反应产物。根据ASTM D-1622，所得聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫具有25kg/m3到75kg/m3(例如30kg/m3到70kg/m3、30kg/m3到50kg/m3、35kg/m3到45kg/m3等)的施加密度。
异氰酸酯反应性组分包括一种或多种多元醇。在各种实施例中，多元醇可以是聚酯多元醇。聚酯多元醇涵盖了多种分子量。聚酯多元醇每分子可含有多个酯基，且每分子平均具有至少1.5个羟基、每分子至少1.8个羟基或每分子至少2个羟基。在一些实施例中，其每分子可含有至多6个羟基，但在其它实施例中，其每分子将含有至多约3个羟基。聚酯多元醇的羟基当量可以在约75到4000或150到1500mgKOH/g的范围内。
合适的聚酯多元醇包括羟基化化合物与聚羧酸或其酸酐的反应产物。例如，聚酯多元醇可以是二醇与二羧酸或二羧酸酐的反应产物。多元羧酸或酐可以是脂肪族、环脂肪族、芳香族和/或杂环的，并且可以被取代，例如被卤素原子取代。聚羧酸可以是不饱和的。这些聚羧酸的实例包括丁二酸、己二酸、对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、顺丁烯二酸、顺丁烯二酸酐和反丁烯二酸。用于制得聚酯多元醇的羟基化化合物可具有150或更小、140或更小、或125或更小的当量。羟基化化合物可包括乙二醇、1,2-和1,3-丙二醇、1,4-和2,3-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,8-辛二醇、新戊二醇、环己烷二甲醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、1,2,6-己三醇、1,2,4-丁三醇、三羟甲基乙烷、季戊四醇、对环己二醇、甘露醇、山梨醇、甲基糖苷、二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇、二丙二醇、二丁二醇、聚乙二醇等。
聚酯多元醇可以是芳香族二羧酸和/或其衍生物与诸如二甘醇、聚乙二醇或甘油的羟基化化合物的反应产物。一种或多种多元醇可具有50mg KOH/g到550mg KOH/g、或100到550mg KOH/g的羟基数。
聚酯多元醇可包括30重量％到50重量％的对苯二甲酸或邻苯二甲酸酐、5重量％到20重量％的二甘醇和40重量％到70重量％的聚乙二醇。例如，聚酯多元醇可包括31.5重量％的对苯二甲酸或邻苯二甲酸酐、8.5重量％的二甘醇和60重量％的聚乙二醇。由邻苯二甲酸酐制备且适合使用的可商购聚酯多元醇实例包括以商品名STEPANPOLTM(可购自斯泰潘公司(Stepan Company))购得的聚酯多元醇，其实例包括STEPANPOLTM 3152、STEPANPOLTMPS 2352和STEPANPOLTM PS 70L。
除上文所提供的聚酯多元醇之外，还可使用其它类型的多元醇。例如，可使用芳香族或脂肪族聚酯多元醇、脂肪族或芳香族聚醚酯多元醇和获自植物衍生物的多元醇。因此，各种多元醇组合可用于形成异氰酸酯反应性组分。例如，其它示例多元醇包括VORANOLTMRN490和VORANOLTM RH360(通过将环氧丙烷添加到蔗糖和甘油中而形成的聚醚多元醇，其平均官能度大于4且EW分别为115和156)、VORANOLTM RN482(通过将环氧丙烷添加到山梨醇中而形成的聚醚多元醇，其标称官能度为6且EW为115)、TERCAROLTM 5903(通过将环氧丙烷添加到甲苯二胺中而形成的聚醚多元醇，其标称官能度为4且EW为127)，均可从陶氏化学公司(密歇根州米德兰)购得。
还可包括其它添加剂，如扩链剂、交联剂等。示例扩链剂包括二丙二醇、三丙二醇、二甘醇、聚丙烯和聚乙二醇。任选的扩链剂组分可以包括扩链剂，其每分子具有两个异氰酸酯反应性基团并且每异氰酸酯反应性基团的当量可以小于400。任选的交联剂组分可包括至少一种交联剂，其每分子具有三个或更多个异氰酸酯反应性基团并且每异氰酸酯反应性基团的当量小于400。
在各种实施例中，聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯层包括物理发泡剂。如本文所用，“物理发泡剂”是在反应条件下挥发以形成发泡气体的低沸点液体。示例性物理发泡剂包括烃、碳氟化合物、氢氟烃、氢氟烯烃、氢氯氟烯烃和其它卤化化合物。
异氰酸酯组分可包括含异氰酸酯的反应物，其为脂肪族、环脂肪族、脂环族和/或芳香族聚异氰酸酯和其衍生物。作为实例而非限制，衍生物可包括脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲和NCO封端的预聚物。根据一些实施例，异氰酸酯组分包括至少一种芳香族异氰酸酯(例如至少一种芳香族聚异氰酸酯)。例如，异氰酸酯组分可包括芳香族二异氰酸酯，例如二苯亚甲基二异氰酸酯(MDI)的至少一种异构体、粗MDI和/或更高官能度的亚甲基多酚聚异氰酸酯。如本文所用，MDI是指选自以下的聚异氰酸酯：二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯异构体、聚苯基亚甲基聚异氰酸酯和其带有至少两个异氰酸酯基的衍生物。粗、聚合或纯MDI可与多元醇或多元胺反应以产生经改性的MDI。还可使用聚合MDI和单体MDI的掺合物。在一些实施例中，MDI每分子平均具有2到3.5个(例如，2到3.2个)异氰酸酯基。含异氰酸酯的示例反应物包括可从陶氏化学公司(密歇根州米德兰)以商品名VORANATETM商购的那些，例如VORANATETM M229PMDI异氰酸酯(每分子平均具有2.7个异氰酸酯基的聚合二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯)或VORANATETM M600 PMDI异氰酸酯。
聚异氰脲酸酯层的异氰酸酯指数可大于180、大于大于250、大于350、大于400、大于450、大于500和/或大于550。异氰酸酯指数可以小于1000。例如，在一些实施例中，异氰酸酯指数可以是250到600、250到450等。如本文所用，“异氰酸酯指数”是每100理论当量的异氰酸酯反应性化合物添加的含异氰酸酯化合物的当量数。异氰酸酯指数由以下等式表示：异氰酸酯指数＝(NCO当量/活性氢当量)x100，其中NCO当量是聚异氰酸酯中NCO官能团数，且活性氢当量是活性氢原子的当量数。异氰酸酯指数100对应于每一异氰酸酯反应性氢原子存在一个异氰酸酯基，例如来自水和多元醇组合物的氢原子较高异氰酸酯指数指示较高量的含异氰酸酯反应物。在不受理论束缚的情况下，认为高异氰酸酯指数产生更好的热稳定性和与火反应行为，包括减少烟尘产生。
催化剂还可包括于形成聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯层的组合物之中。例如，催化剂组分可占异氰酸酯反应性组分总重量的小于5.0重量％。示例催化剂可包含如三亚乙基二胺的叔胺或如二月桂酸二丁基锡的有机金属化合物。可以使用的示例催化剂包括三聚催化剂，其促进异氰酸酯与其自身的反应，例如三(二烷胺基烷基)-对称-六氢三嗪(例如1,3,5-三(N,N-二甲氨基丙基)-对称-六氢三嗪)、DABCOTM TMR 30、DABCOTM K-2097(乙酸钾)、DABCOTMK15(辛酸钾)、POLYCATTM 41、POLYCATTM 43、POLYCATTM 46、DABCOTM TMR、DABCOTM TMR 31、氢氧化四烷基铵(例如氢氧化四甲基铵)、碱金属氢氧化物(例如氢氧化钠)、碱金属醇盐(例如甲醇钠和异丙醇钾)和具有10到20个碳原子(且在某些实施例中具有羟基侧基团)的长链脂肪酸碱金属盐。
合适表面活性剂的实例为用以支持起始物质均质化并且还可调节发泡塑料的孔结构的化合物。具体实例包括泡沫稳定剂，如硅氧烷-氧基亚烷基共聚物和其它有机聚硅氧烷、乙氧基化烷基酚、乙氧基化脂肪醇、石蜡油、蓖麻油酯、蓖麻酸酯、土尔其红油(Turkeyred oil)和花生油；和孔调节剂，如石蜡、脂肪醇和二甲基聚硅氧烷。表面活性剂通常以基于100重量份的多元醇组分0.01到5重量份的量使用。
在各种实施例中，聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯层进一步包括成核剂，可以添加成核剂以控制泡沫孔的大小。在不受理论束缚的情况下，认为较小的孔大小对聚异氰脲酸酯层的隔热特性有积极影响。成核剂包括全氟烃、全氟醚、全氟烯烃、无机物质(如碳酸钙、滑石、粘土、氧化钛、二氧化硅、硫酸钡、硅藻土、柠檬酸与碳酸氢钠的混合物等)。一种可商购的合适成核剂是泡沫添加剂(Foam Additive)FA-188，购自3M(明尼苏达州圣保罗)(St.Paul，MN)。所采用成核剂的量优选地在每一百重量份聚合物树脂约0.01到约5重量份范围内。更优选的范围为0.1到约3重量份。
另外，在一些实施例中，聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯层进一步包括至少一种阻燃剂。基于用于形成聚异氰脲酸酯层的组合物总重量，阻燃剂可以1重量％到50重量％(例如1重量％到30重量％、1.5重量％到20重量％、1.5重量％到10重量％、1.5重量％到8重量％、2重量％到5重量％、2.5重量％到4重量％、2.5重量％到3.5重量％等)的量存在。阻燃剂可以是固体或液体，并且包括非卤化阻燃剂、卤化阻燃剂或其组合。作为实例而非限制，示例阻燃剂包括具有或不具有卤素的磷化合物、具有或不具有卤素的氮基化合物、氯化化合物、溴化化合物和硼衍生物。
根据一些实施例，聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯层由于一个或多个玻璃纤维毡的存在而具有增强型结构。优选的玻璃纤维毡是通常称为可膨胀的类型。由于玻璃纤维毡的粘合剂含量较低，此类可膨胀的玻璃纤维毡在膨胀泡沫的影响下分离，以此方式以便在基本上平行于面薄板平面的平面内均匀地分布在整个泡沫中。合适的玻璃纤维毡可具有20g/m2到200g/m2、30g/m2到100g/m2、更优选地约70g/m2的每单位面积的重量。基于泡沫层厚度，可以使用一个或多个玻璃纤维毡。一种适用于各种实施例的可商购玻璃纤维毡是可购自施梅尔策工业(Schmelzer Industries)的Firmat 70。
在各种实施例中，当根据ASTM D 1622测量时，聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯层具有小于70kg/m3或甚至小于50kg/m3的密度。例如，聚异氰脲酸酯层可具有20kg/m3到70kg/m3、25kg/m3到60kg/m3、28kg/m3到50kg/m3或30kg/m3到50kg/m3的密度。
聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯层可具有1mm到500mm的厚度。例如，聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯层可具有10mm到450mm、10mm到400mm、10mm到300mm、10mm到250mm、10mm到100mm等的厚度。
聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯层可以通过使异氰酸酯反应性组分与含异氰酸酯的反应物连同任意添加剂反应形成聚合物基质来形成。聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫可以通过在基底基板和/或表面上施加聚异氰脲酸酯系统的喷涂和/或浇注施加来形成。喷涂和/或浇注施加可以例如以连续方式在输送机装置上完成。
在一个特定实施例中，聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯层可以通过将聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯系统分配到第一可膨胀玻璃网上来形成。任选地，第二可膨胀玻璃网可设置于聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯系统之上，并且所述层可以在两个旋转辊之间传递并固化。在一些实施例中，第一面层可设置于第一可膨胀玻璃网下方并且第二面层可设置于任选的第二可膨胀玻璃网和/或聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯系统之上。
面层
如上文所提供，在一些实施例中，隔热组件106可进一步包括至少一个面层。在各种实施例中，面层是不基于金属的面层，例如基于玻璃绒(glass-fleece)的材料。如本文所用，“基于玻璃绒的材料”是指包括玻璃绒的材料，例如玻璃绒基材。玻璃绒可以是饱和玻璃绒或非饱和玻璃绒。
在一些实施例中，第二饰面层可以包括于与第一面层相对面上的隔热组件106上。第一和第二面层可以由相同或不同材料制成。换句话说，第一和第二面层的材料可独立地选自包括玻璃绒的基于玻璃的材料和基于聚合物膜的材料。每个面层可以独立地具有0.01mm到3mm(例如，0.05到0.6mm、0.05到0.1mm、0.07到0.09mm等)的厚度。根据一个特定实施例，第一面层可由相同材料制成且具有与第二面层相同的厚度。
适用作面层的示例材料包括，例如涂有矿物质或沥青的玻璃绒或玻璃薄纸。在各种实施例中，玻璃绒可帮助满足欧洲C类(Euroclass C)对火反应分类的要求。
替代地，在一些实施例中，隔热组件106可以具有可剥离面层。在此类实施例中，可剥离面层可以在使用隔热组件106之前从隔热组件106移除。可剥离面层的实例包括聚烯烃膜(例如但不限于聚丙烯和聚乙烯)、多卤化聚烯烃、蜡纸和蜡塑料膜、塑料和复合箔。可移除膜可能会在板行进离开连续制造过程时剥离，或者在使用时将其移除。一旦移除了可剥离膜，聚异氰脲酸酯层就允许进行进一步的加工，例如机械加工，以提供跨至少部分厚度的粗糙表面和/或凹槽。一旦安装，所述可剥离膜可有助于减轻应力和/或有助于与其它材料互锁。在某些其它实施例中，仅在使用之前移除可剥离面。在此类实施例中，优选地在防扩散箔片中选择可移除的面，以尽可能在使用前保持隔热值。
在各种实施例中，聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯层可以在面层上形成。例如，聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯层可以通过将液体反应混合物施加到面上在面层的表面上形成。
实例
提供以下实例以说明各种实施例，但并不意图限制权利要求书的范围。除非另外指示，否则所有份数和百分比均以重量计。下文关于各种工作实例、比较实例和在工作和比较实例中使用的材料提供近似特性、特征、参数等。此外，对实例中所使用的原材料的描述如下：
多元醇A是以下的多元醇混合物：i)42.5重量份(pbw)的STEPANPOLTM PS 2352(可购自斯泰潘的聚酯多元醇)，ii)31.9pbw的基于对苯二甲酸的聚酯多元醇，其OH数为215且官能度为2，iii)10.7pbw的基于对苯二甲酸的聚酯多元醇，其OH数为315且官能度为2.4，iv)15pbw的非反应性阻燃剂，v)0.80pbw的水，vi)4pbw的硅氧烷聚醚表面活性剂，和vii)1pbw的POLYCATTM5；
多元醇B是以下的多元醇混合物：i)63.3pbw的基于对苯二甲酸的聚酯多元醇，其OH数为215且官能度为2，ii)21pbw的基于对苯二甲酸的聚酯多元醇，其OH数为315且官能度为2.4，iii)15pbw的非反应性阻燃剂，iv)0.80pbw的水，v)4pbw的硅氧烷聚醚表面活性剂，和vii)1pbw的POLYCATTM 5；
VORANATETM M 600是聚合二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(PMDI)，可购自陶氏化学公司(密歇根州米德兰)；
DABCOTM TMR7是催化剂，可购自赢创(Evonik)
DABCOTM K-2097是催化剂，可购自赢创；
POLYCATTM 5是可购自空气化工产品公司(Air Products and Chemicals Inc.)的五甲基二亚乙基三胺催化剂；和
FA-188是可购自3M(明尼苏达州圣保罗)的泡沫添加剂。
实例1
根据表1中的配方制备聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯层样品1和2以及比较样品A和B。
表1：
Figure BDA0002538992390000101
表1中的发泡剂是70重量％环戊烷和30重量％异戊烷的混合物。
样品1和2包括聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯层，其根据表1中的配方通过使用配备有FPL14混合头的康隆(Cannon)Afros HP机将表1中的配制物浇入在55℃下加热的300mm x300mm x 100mm的水平模具中来制备。将配制物浇注在可膨胀玻璃网(Firmat 70)层之上。将饰面剂(facer)轻轻压在反应混合物上，以有助于玻璃网的浸渍。使反应混合物上升，填充空腔并固化。倾注反应混合物5分钟后将面板脱模。对于样品1和2中的每一个，乳白时间为5秒，凝胶时间为28秒。
比较样品A和B分别使用样品1和2的配制物制备。比较样品A和B分别使用与样品1和2的相同配方制备，但不包括可膨胀玻璃网层。
从所述面板上切下样本以表征泡沫密度(根据ASTM D 1622测量)、机械特性(包括根据EN 826的压缩和根据ASTM D 3574狗骨形样本的拉伸强度)以及进行四天暴露(由以下各项组成：在70℃、90％相对湿度(RH)下历时2天，接着在70℃、25％RH下历时另外两天)的尺寸稳定性(DS)。表2中示出了结果。
表2：
Figure BDA0002538992390000111
参照样品1和2以及比较样品A和B，包括可膨胀玻璃网的样品1和2显示，当样本经受热/湿负荷时，可膨胀玻璃网有效地减小了尺寸变化。具体地，如表2中所示，比较样品A和B以及样品1和2之间的压缩应力值分别类似，但尺寸稳定性(DS)出人意料地不同。在垂直于厚度的方向上测量的拉伸模量数据还与在长度和宽度方向上的尺寸稳定性值充分相关。
实例2
聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯层的样品3和比较样品C是根据表3中所描述的配方制备。
表3：
Figure BDA0002538992390000121
聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫层在包括18m长的成型输送机连续管线中制备。根据以下流程制造样品3：i)提供第一Silcart Stonewall 300面层作为最下层，ii)提供具有每平方英尺7.1克重量的第一Firmat可膨胀玻璃网(可购自施梅尔策工业)层，iii)使用直接连接至混合头并安置于管线宽度中心的射流装置分配形成聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的反应混合物，iv)提供步骤ii)中使用的第二Firmat可膨胀玻璃网层，v)提供第二Silcart Stonewall 300面层作为最上层，vi)使最下面的第一面层、第一可膨胀玻璃网、第二可膨胀玻璃网、最上面的第二面层和其间的反应混合物通过两个旋转辊，和vii)允许隔热板于在70℃下加热的两个间隔开的成型输送机之间固化。
根据用于制造样品3的流程制备比较样品C，除了省略以下步骤：ii)提供具有每平方英尺7.1克重量的第一Firmat可膨胀玻璃网(可购自施梅尔策工业)层，iv)提供步骤ii)中使用的第二Firmat可膨胀玻璃网层，和v)提供第二Silcart Stonewall 300面层作为最上层。比较样品C也不包括玻璃网增强物。每个隔热板的厚度为100mm。
通过将聚异氰脲酸酯板切成80mm x 80mm的尺寸来制备样品。移除面层材料，并将厚度调节至80mm和90mm。在70℃、90％RH下暴露两天，接着在25％RH下暴露两天之后，测试样品的尺寸稳定性。另外，借助于LaserComp热流计仪器来测量板的隔热性。切割所述板以获得200mm x 200mm x 25mm(厚度)尺寸的样本。检查闭孔含量以排除开孔对尺寸稳定性行为的任何影响。根据ASTM D 6226测量闭孔值，发现每个样品的闭孔值为85％。表4中提供了结果。
表4：
Figure BDA0002538992390000131
表4中的数据显示了玻璃网增强物对尺寸稳定性的影响。另外，热导率值显示嵌入式玻璃纤维的存在可能会使隔热性稍微变差。但是，尺寸稳定性的重大改良可能会胜过隔热性的减弱。另外，值得注意的是，与如EPS、灰色EPS或矿棉等用于ETICS应用的常规隔热产品相比，样品3的隔热值仍有所提高。
实例3
使用基于高指数聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯玻璃网增强聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯配制物的隔热组件建构ETICS系统，所述配制物具有350的异氰酸酯指数。具体来说，隔热组件为100cm x 50cm，厚度为100mm并且组装于2.5x 2m的ETAG 004试验台上。试验台的一半表面是隔热的。
通过围绕周界和在中间的点处使用Marmorit SM700 Pro矿物质粘合剂(可购自可耐福(Knauf))而覆盖至少40％的欧洲技术认证指南(ETAG)墙表面、施加隔热组件、施加Marmorit SM700 Pro(5-7mm)的底涂层、施加5mm x 5mm玻璃纤维层和施加可耐福Addi S(1.5-3mm)的聚硅氧增强灰泥(可购自可耐福)的表涂层来建构ETICS套组。在根据套组规格进行固化后，开始进行如由ETAG 004提供的湿热循环。下表5中描述了进行的循环。
表5：
Figure BDA0002538992390000141
在循环之后，对ETICS系统进行检查且未显现任何故障
与常规隔热产品相比，本文中所描述的各种实施例显现出改良尺寸稳定性的同时提供了改良的隔热性。因此，本文中所描述的各种实施例可在需要改良隔热性和尺寸稳定性的外隔热复合物系统中采用。
还应注意的是，本文中不使用诸如“大体上”、“通常地”和“典型地”的术语来限制所要求保护的发明范围或暗示某些特征对于所要求保护的发明结构或功能是关键、必不可少或甚至是至关重要的。然而，这些术语仅旨在突出在本公开特定实施例中可以使用或可以不使用的替代或附加特征。
显然，在不脱离所附权利要求书中所限定的本公开范围的情况下，可以进行修改和变化。更具体地，尽管本公开的一些方面在本文中被识别为优选的或特别有利的，但可以预期本公开不必限于这些方面。

Claims (10)

1.一种外隔热复合系统，其包含：
(i)混凝土或砖石墙；
(ii)在所述混凝土或砖石墙上的隔热板，所述隔热板包含经玻璃纤维增强的聚异氰脲酸酯硬质泡沫，其中经玻璃纤维增强的所述聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫根据ASTM D 1622具有小于70kg/m3的密度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外隔热复合系统，其中所述聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫具有180到600的聚异氰脲酸酯指数。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的外隔热复合系统，其中所述聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫是包括至少第一异氰酸酯组分、第一异氰酸酯反应性组分、三聚催化剂、表面活性剂、物理发泡剂和任选的成核剂的混合物的反应产物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的外隔热复合系统，其中所述物理发泡剂选自由以下组成的组：烃、氢氯氟烯烃、氢氟烯烃和其混合物。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的外隔热复合系统，其中所述成核剂选自由以下组成的组：全氟烃、全氟醚、全氟烯烃和其混合物。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的外隔热复合系统，其中所述隔热板进一步包括选自饱和玻璃绒和非饱和玻璃绒中至少一者的至少一个面层。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的外隔热复合系统，其中所述隔热板进一步包括至少一种可移除的面层材料，并且所述可移除面层材料在使用前被移除。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的外隔热复合系统，其中当处于70℃下暴露于90％RH历时2天并且处于70℃下暴露于25％RH历时2天时，所述隔热板展现小于1.5％以绝对值总和测量的尺寸变化。
9.一种制备根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的外隔热复合系统的方法，其包含：
使用粘合剂或机械固定装置将所述隔热板附接到所述混凝土或砖石墙的外表面；和
将包含玻璃纤维网状物的增强涂层施加到附接到所述混凝土或砖石墙的所述外表面的所述隔热板上。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述隔热板以连续法生成，所述连续法包含：在存在呈玻璃纤维网增强物的所述玻璃纤维的情况下，在两个间隔开相对置的成型输送机下将所述聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯固化。
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