CN111457409B - Synergistic denitration system and method for composite reducing agent of coal-fired boiler - Google Patents
Synergistic denitration system and method for composite reducing agent of coal-fired boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN111457409B CN111457409B CN202010387484.5A CN202010387484A CN111457409B CN 111457409 B CN111457409 B CN 111457409B CN 202010387484 A CN202010387484 A CN 202010387484A CN 111457409 B CN111457409 B CN 111457409B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
- F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
- F23J2219/20—Non-catalytic reduction devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite reducing agent synergistic denitration system of a coal-fired boiler, which comprises a boiler, an amino reducing agent spraying system and a methane spraying system, wherein the amino reducing agent spraying system comprises an amino reducing agent supply unit and an amino reducing agent spray gun, the methane spraying system comprises a methane supply unit and a methane spray gun, the boiler is provided with a low-nitrogen burner in a main combustion area, an SOFA air nozzle is arranged in a burnout area, and the methane spray gun and the amino reducing agent spray gun are sequentially arranged between the low-nitrogen burner and the SOFA air nozzle. Based on the system, a methane spray gun is arranged below an amino-reducing agent spray gun in a main combustion area of a boiler hearth, and sprayed methane is pyrolyzed to generate CHi + and H + active free radicals, and the CHi + and H + active free radicals react with the amino-reducing agent sprayed by the amino-reducing agent spray gun to generate NH 2 ‑, so that the denitration efficiency of ammonia spraying in the main combustion area is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flue gas denitration technology of a thermal power plant, in particular to a compound reducer synergistic denitration system and method for a coal-fired boiler.
Background
Nitrogen oxides are one of the main sources of atmospheric pollution in coal-fired power plants. Currently, common nitrogen oxide emission reduction technologies for coal-fired power plants include low nitrogen combustion technology, non-selective catalytic reduction technology (SNCR), and selective catalytic reduction technology (SCR). The combination or the combination of different denitration technologies is an important development direction of the denitration technology, and the development of a multi-stage composite denitration technology by innovating a denitration mechanism is in the development direction.
The conventional SNCR technology is to spray an amino reducing agent to reduce NO into N 2 and H 2 O under the aerobic condition in the temperature range of 850-1150 ℃. Research shows that SNCR technology can be expanded to high temperature section, namely high temperature ammonia spraying denitration technology. The high-temperature ammonia spraying denitration technology is a method for combining a plurality of denitration technologies based on air classification, and an amino reducing agent is sprayed into a high-temperature and anoxic environment formed in a main combustion area in a furnace so as to reduce NOx in flue gas.
At present, an air grading low-nitrogen combustion technology is generally adopted for a power station boiler, a main combustion area is in a reducing atmosphere, and conditions are provided for application of an ammonia spraying denitration technology in the main combustion area. Different methods are provided by domestic researchers aiming at implementation and control of ammonia spraying and denitration technology of a main combustion area, for example, chinese patent CN201810917125.9 discloses a denitration system and a denitration method for co-operating with high-temperature ammonia spraying of a low-nitrogen burner of a power station boiler. As another example, chinese patent CN201821111988.9 discloses a supercritical carbon dioxide cyclone furnace structure for reducing nitrogen oxides based on ammonia spraying in a high-temperature reduction zone, an ammonia agent nozzle is arranged below an overfire air nozzle of a main furnace chamber of the cyclone furnace, and the ammonia agent nozzle is arranged in multiple layers and in an inclined manner, so that the mixing effect of ammonia agent and flue gas is enhanced, and the denitration efficiency of ammonia spraying is further improved. However, the coal type adaptability of the method is poor, and when the coal type is low-volatile coal powder, the denitration efficiency of ammonia injection in the main combustion area is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a composite reducing agent synergistic denitration system and method for a coal-fired boiler, which are reasonable in design, simple, efficient, stable and feasible, and can be suitable for different volatile coal types.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a coal-fired boiler composite reducer synergistic denitration system comprises a boiler, an amino reducer spraying system and a methane spraying system;
the amino reducing agent spraying system comprises an amino reducing agent supply unit and an amino reducing agent spray gun which are sequentially connected;
The methane spraying system comprises a methane supply unit and a methane spray gun which are sequentially connected;
The boiler adopts air staged combustion, a low-nitrogen burner is arranged in a main combustion area of the boiler, and SOFA air nozzles are arranged in a burnout area of the boiler;
the methane spray gun and the amino reducing agent spray gun are sequentially arranged between the low-nitrogen burner and the SOFA wind nozzle.
Preferably, the amino-reducing agent supply unit comprises an amino-reducing agent storage tank, a feeding pump, an amino-reducing agent metering device and an amino-reducing agent control valve which are sequentially connected, and the output end of the amino-reducing agent control valve is connected with the input end of the amino-reducing agent spray gun.
The amino reducing agent supply unit further comprises a first processor and an NO concentration detection concentration probe arranged at the outlet of the boiler furnace, wherein the input end of the first processor is connected with the NO concentration detection concentration probe, the output end of the first processor is connected with the control end of the amino reducing agent control valve, and the first processor is used for controlling the opening of the amino reducing agent control valve according to the detected NO concentration and according to a set threshold value of the ammonia nitrogen ratio.
Preferably, the methane supply unit comprises a methane storage tank, an output valve, a methane metering device and a methane control valve which are sequentially connected, and the output end of the methane control valve is connected with the input end of the methane spray gun.
Further, the methane supply unit also comprises a second processor, the output end of the second processor is connected with the control end of the amino reducing agent control valve, and the second processor is used for controlling the opening degree of the methane control valve according to the threshold value that the heat released by methane accounts for the total fuel heat.
Preferably, the methane lance and the amino reductant lance are positioned in sequence adjacent the low nitrogen burner.
A method for synergistic denitration of composite reducing agent of coal-fired boiler is based on any one of the above systems, a methane spray gun is arranged below an amino reducing agent spray gun in a main combustion area of a boiler hearth, sprayed methane is pyrolyzed to generate CHi + and H + active free radicals, CHi + and H + active free radicals react with an amino reducing agent sprayed by the amino reducing agent spray gun to generate NH 2 -, and denitration efficiency of ammonia sprayed in the main combustion area is improved.
Preferably, the method specifically comprises the following steps,
Step 1, calculating the ammonia demand according to the NO concentration detected by a NO concentration detection probe arranged at the outlet of a hearth and a set threshold value of ammonia nitrogen ratio, and controlling the spraying amount of the amino reducing agent in a main combustion zone by an amino reducing agent control valve;
And 2, converting the supply amount of methane according to the threshold value that the heat released by the methane accounts for the total fuel heat, controlling the methane injection amount of the main combustion area through a methane control valve, and measuring and displaying the methane gas injection amount in real time by a methane metering device.
Further, in step 2, the threshold for burning high volatile coal fines is less than the threshold for burning low volatile coal fines.
Preferably, the amino reducing agent includes at least one of liquid ammonia, urea, and ammonia water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
The invention adopts an air staged combustion mode, and utilizes the low-nitrogen burner and the SOFA air nozzle to reduce the excess air coefficient of the main combustion area. And increasing SOFA wind to make the main combustion area in a reducing atmosphere. And an amino reducing agent (liquid ammonia, urea, ammonia water and the like) is sprayed into the reduction zone of the main combustion zone, and can perform reduction reaction with nitrogen oxides in the flue gas under a high-temperature reducing atmosphere, so that the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the hearth is reduced. Methane gas is sprayed above the low-nitrogen burner, so that the oxygen concentration of the main combustion area is reduced, active free radicals such as CHi and H are generated, the active free radicals such as CHi and H can react with an amino reducing agent to generate NH 2, the denitration efficiency of the ammonia spraying reaction of the main combustion area is improved, and the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of a hearth is reduced. Unreacted amino reductant injected into the primary combustion zone is oxidized through the SOFA wind jets so there is no ammonia slip. Through the arrangement, the denitration pressure of the tail SCR is reduced, and the problems of blockage of the air preheater and the like caused by excessive ammonia injection of the SCR are prevented. Methane and ammonia are sprayed step by step in the main combustion area after air classification, and then the emission concentration of nitrogen oxides can be reduced to below 50mg/m 3 by matching with an SCR flue gas denitration technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a composite reducing agent synergistic denitration system of a coal-fired boiler.
In the figure, a 1-amino reducing agent storage tank, a 2-feeding pump, a 3-amino reducing agent metering device, a 4-amino reducing agent control valve, a 5-methane storage tank, a 6-methane metering device, a 7-methane control valve, an 8-low nitrogen burner, a 9-methane spray gun, a 10-NO concentration detection probe, a 11-amino reducing agent spray gun, a 12-SOFA air nozzle, a 13-boiler, a 14-SCR flue gas denitration system and a 15-air preheater are arranged.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to illustrate, but not to limit, the invention.
The invention discloses a composite reducing agent synergistic denitration system of a coal-fired boiler, which is shown in fig. 1 and comprises a boiler 13, an amino reducing agent storage tank 1, a methane storage tank 5, an NO concentration detection probe 10 and an SCR flue gas denitration system 14, wherein the boiler 13 adopts an air staged combustion technology, the boiler 13 is provided with a low-nitrogen burner 8 in a main combustion area, and an SOFA air nozzle 12 is arranged in a burnout area. A methane spray gun 9 and an amino reducing agent spray gun 11 are sequentially arranged above the low-nitrogen combustor 8, a NO concentration detection concentration probe 10 is arranged at the outlet of a boiler furnace, and an SCR flue gas denitration system 14 is arranged at the tail flue of the boiler 13. The amino reducing agent comprises at least one of liquid ammonia, urea and ammonia water.
The methane storage tank 5 is connected with the input end of the methane spray gun 9 sequentially through the output valve, the methane metering device 6 and the methane control valve 7, the methane control valve 7 is controlled by the coal feeding amount and the coal type, and the methane metering device 6 can measure and display the methane spraying amount in real time. When the bituminous coal is burned, the methane injection amount is converted according to the threshold value of the heat released by the methane accounting for the total fuel heat, and when the anthracite coal is burned, the methane injection amount is converted according to the threshold value of the heat released by the methane accounting for the total fuel heat, and the threshold value when the bituminous coal is used is smaller than the threshold value when the anthracite coal is used, and 2 percent and 4 percent of the threshold value are respectively used in the preferred example.
The amino reducing agent storage tank 1 is connected with the input end of the amino reducing agent spray gun 11 through the feeding pump 2, the amino reducing agent metering device 3 and the amino reducing agent control valve 4 in sequence. The amino reducing agent control valve 4 is controlled by the concentration of NO at the outlet of the hearth, and the amino reducing agent metering device 3 can measure and display the spraying amount of the amino reducing agent in real time. The amount of the amino reducing agent sprayed is converted according to the set threshold value of the ammonia nitrogen ratio according to the NO concentration signal detected by the NO concentration detection probe 10 before ammonia is sprayed in the main combustion area, and the ammonia nitrogen ratio is converted according to 2 in the preferred example.
The invention relates to a synergistic denitration method of a composite reducing agent of a coal-fired boiler, which is based on a denitration system provided by the invention and comprises the following steps,
Step 1, converting the ammonia demand according to the ammonia nitrogen ratio of 2 by using the NO concentration detected by a NO concentration detection probe arranged at the outlet of the hearth, and controlling the spraying amount of the amino reducing agent in the main combustion zone by using an amino reducing agent metering device and an amino reducing agent control valve.
And 2, arranging a methane spray gun below the amino reducing agent spray gun in the main combustion area, wherein the sprayed methane can generate active free radicals such as CHi +、H+ and the like through pyrolysis, and the active free radicals such as CHi and H can react with the amino reducing agent to generate NH 2 -, so that the denitration efficiency of ammonia spraying in the main combustion area is improved. When high volatile coal powder such as bituminous coal is burned, the volatile analysis is quicker in the coal powder combustion process, active free radicals such as CHi +、H+ and the like generated in the main combustion area are more, and the methane injection amount is converted according to the fact that the heat of the injected methane accounts for 2% of the total fuel heat. When low volatile coal dust such as anthracite is burned, the pyrolysis speed of the coal is slower, the oxygen concentration in the main combustion area is higher, chi +、H+ free radicals are fewer, more methane needs to be injected at the moment, and the injection amount of methane is converted according to the amount of the injected methane accounting for 4% of the total fuel heat.
The method can effectively reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the pulverized coal hearth with different volatile matters, lighten the denitration pressure of the SCR at the tail part and prevent the problems of blockage of an air preheater and the like caused by excessive ammonia injection of the SCR. Has good economic benefit and environmental benefit.
The invention adopts an air staged combustion mode, is provided with a low-nitrogen burner 8 and an SOFA air nozzle 12, and increases SOFA air by reducing the excess air coefficient of a main combustion area to enable the main combustion area to be in a reducing atmosphere, an amino reducing agent spray gun 11 with water cooling is arranged above the low-nitrogen burner 8, and the amino reducing agent is sprayed into a hearth reducing area through the amino reducing agent spray gun 11, so that the sprayed amino reducing agent can be subjected to reduction reaction with nitrogen oxides in flue gas in a high-temperature environment of the main combustion area. The methane spray gun 9 is arranged below the amino reducing agent spray gun 11, sprayed methane is pyrolyzed at high temperature to generate CHi, H and other active free radicals, and the active free radicals can react with the amino reducing agent to generate NH 2 which can directly react with nitrogen oxides, so that the denitration efficiency of high-temperature ammonia spraying in a main combustion area is further improved.
For coal types with higher volatile components such as bituminous coal, the volatile analysis is quicker in the pulverized coal combustion process, the active free radicals such as Chi +、H+ and the like generated in the main combustion area are more, and the methane injection amount is converted according to the fact that the heat of injected methane accounts for 2% of the total fuel heat. When low volatile coal dust such as anthracite is burned, the pyrolysis speed of the coal is slower, the oxygen concentration in the main combustion area is higher, chi +、H+ free radicals are fewer, more methane needs to be injected at the moment, and the injection amount of methane is converted according to the amount of the injected methane accounting for 4% of the total fuel heat.
Furthermore, the burnout zone is provided with SOFA wind jets 12, which are able to oxidize the unreacted ammonia injected by the main combustion zone, so that there is no ammonia slip.
Through the arrangement, the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the hearth can be effectively reduced, ammonia escape is avoided, the denitration pressure of the tail SCR is reduced, and the problems of blockage of an air preheater and the like caused by excessive ammonia injection of the SCR are prevented. The air classification is matched with the high-temperature ammonia spraying, methane spraying and the final SCR flue gas denitration system in the main combustion area to realize the synergistic denitration of the composite reducing agent, and finally the emission concentration of the nitrogen oxides can be reduced to below 50mg/m 3.
Claims (8)
1. The method is characterized by being based on a coal-fired boiler composite reducing agent synergistic denitration system, wherein the system comprises a boiler (13), an amino reducing agent spraying system and a methane spraying system;
the amino-reducing agent spraying system comprises an amino-reducing agent supply unit and an amino-reducing agent spray gun (11) which are sequentially connected;
The methane spraying system comprises a methane supply unit and a methane spray gun (9) which are connected in sequence;
The boiler (13) adopts air staged combustion, the boiler (13) is provided with a low-nitrogen burner (8) in a main combustion area, and an SOFA air nozzle (12) is arranged in a burnout area, an SCR flue gas denitration system (14) is arranged in a tail flue of the boiler (13), and an outlet flue of the SCR flue gas denitration system (14) is connected with an air preheater (15);
The methane spray gun (9) and the amino reducing agent spray gun (11) are sequentially arranged between the low-nitrogen burner (8) and the SOFA wind nozzle (12);
A methane spray gun is arranged below an amino reducing agent spray gun in a main combustion area of a boiler hearth, the sprayed methane is pyrolyzed to generate CHi + and H + active free radicals, and CHi + and H + active free radicals react with the amino reducing agent sprayed by the amino reducing agent spray gun to generate NH 2 -, so that the denitration efficiency of ammonia spraying in the main combustion area is improved;
specifically comprises the following steps of,
Step 1, calculating the ammonia demand according to the set threshold value of the ammonia nitrogen ratio through the NO concentration detected by a NO concentration detection probe arranged at the outlet of a hearth, and controlling the spraying amount of the amino reducing agent in a main combustion zone through an amino reducing agent control valve (4);
and 2, converting the supply amount of methane according to the threshold value that the heat released by the methane accounts for the total fuel heat, controlling the methane injection amount of the main combustion area through a methane control valve (7), and measuring and displaying the methane gas injection amount in real time by a methane metering device (6).
2. The method for collaborative denitration of a composite reducing agent for a coal-fired boiler according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the threshold value for burning high-volatile coal powder is smaller than the threshold value for burning low-volatile coal powder.
3. The method for synergistic denitration of a composite reducing agent for a coal-fired boiler according to claim 1, wherein the amino reducing agent comprises at least one of liquid ammonia, urea and ammonia water.
4. The method for collaborative denitration of composite reducing agents of coal-fired boilers according to claim 1 is characterized in that the amino reducing agent supply unit comprises an amino reducing agent storage tank (1), a feed pump (2), an amino reducing agent metering device (3) and an amino reducing agent control valve (4) which are sequentially connected, and the output end of the amino reducing agent control valve (4) is connected with the input end of an amino reducing agent spray gun (11).
5. The method for collaborative denitration of the composite reducing agent of the coal-fired boiler according to claim 4 is characterized in that the amino reducing agent supply unit further comprises a first processor and a NO concentration detection concentration probe (10) arranged at a hearth outlet of the boiler (13), wherein the input end of the first processor is connected with the NO concentration detection concentration probe (10), the output end of the first processor is connected with the control end of the amino reducing agent control valve (4), and the first processor is used for controlling the opening of the amino reducing agent control valve (4) according to the detected NO concentration and according to a set threshold value of an ammonia nitrogen ratio.
6. The method for collaborative denitration of the composite reducing agent of the coal-fired boiler according to claim 1, wherein the methane supply unit comprises a methane storage tank (5), an output valve, a methane metering device (6) and a methane control valve (7) which are sequentially connected, and the output end of the methane control valve (7) is connected with the input end of a methane spray gun (9).
7. The method for collaborative denitration of a composite reducing agent for a coal-fired boiler according to claim 6, wherein the methane supply unit further comprises a second processor, the output end of the second processor is connected with the control end of the amino reducing agent control valve (4), and the second processor is used for controlling the opening degree of the methane control valve (7) according to the threshold value of the heat released by methane accounting for the total fuel heat.
8. The method for synergistic denitration of composite reducing agents of coal-fired boilers according to claim 1, wherein a methane spray gun (9) and an amino reducing agent spray gun (11) are sequentially arranged close to a low-nitrogen combustor (8).
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| CN112628725B (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-11-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Radial grading low NOx pulverized coal combustion device |
| CN112879887A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-06-01 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Boiler low-load stable-combustion denitration system and method suitable for deep peak shaving |
| CN113083009A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-09 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Coal-fired boiler high-temperature ammonia injection denitration system and method based on biomass pyrolysis |
| CN113171677A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-07-27 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | A biomass pyrolysis reburning synergistic SNCR denitrification system and method |
| CN115854339B (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2025-08-22 | 华中科技大学 | Coal and ammonia/methane coupled reburning low nitrogen combustion device, method and system |
| CN120160129B (en) * | 2025-03-05 | 2025-11-25 | 佛山仙湖实验室 | Ammonia-coal coupling ultralow nitrogen combustion method for vertical pulverized coal boiler |
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