CN111456870B - A reforming device for LNG engine exhaust gas and fuel - Google Patents
A reforming device for LNG engine exhaust gas and fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111456870B CN111456870B CN202010356174.7A CN202010356174A CN111456870B CN 111456870 B CN111456870 B CN 111456870B CN 202010356174 A CN202010356174 A CN 202010356174A CN 111456870 B CN111456870 B CN 111456870B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
- F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
- F02B2043/103—Natural gas, e.g. methane or LNG used as a fuel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于LNG发动机废气和燃料的重整装置，其包括筒形反应外壳、中空前端盖和中空后端盖；筒形反应外壳内布置有反应管束；中空前端盖中安装有半球形前套，半球形前套通过前阶梯型组合管板与反应管束的端部连接，前阶梯型组合管板包括前阶梯型端盖侧管板和前阶梯型管束侧管板；中空后端盖中安装有半球形后套，半球形后套通过后阶梯型组合管板与反应管束的端部连接，后阶梯型组合管板包括后阶梯型端盖侧管板和后阶梯型管束侧管板。前阶梯型组合管板和后阶梯型组合管板均为分成通过阶梯型槽口相配合的两半，一半与反应管束相连、另一半与中空前端盖或中空后端盖相连，实现快速装拆。本发明可广泛应用于LNG发动机余热应用技术领域。
The present invention discloses a reforming device for LNG engine exhaust gas and fuel, which includes a cylindrical reaction shell, a hollow front end cover and a hollow rear end cover; a reaction tube bundle is arranged in the cylindrical reaction shell; a hemispherical front sleeve is installed in the hollow front end cover, and the hemispherical front sleeve is connected to the end of the reaction tube bundle through a front step-type combined tube sheet, and the front step-type combined tube sheet includes a front step-type end cover side tube sheet and a front step-type tube bundle side tube sheet; a hemispherical rear sleeve is installed in the hollow rear end cover, and the hemispherical rear sleeve is connected to the end of the reaction tube bundle through a rear step-type combined tube sheet, and the rear step-type combined tube sheet includes a rear step-type end cover side tube sheet and a rear step-type tube bundle side tube sheet. Both the front step-type combined tube sheet and the rear step-type combined tube sheet are divided into two halves matched by step-type notches, one half is connected to the reaction tube bundle, and the other half is connected to the hollow front end cover or the hollow rear end cover, so as to realize rapid assembly and disassembly. The present invention can be widely used in the field of waste heat application technology of LNG engines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of LNG engine waste heat application, in particular to a reforming device for LNG engine waste gas and fuel.
Background
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) fuels have advantages in terms of cost, safety, energy saving, etc., as compared to conventional fuels. However, the combustion speed of methane, the main component in natural gas, is slow, so that the combustion capacity of a pure natural gas engine is low, and the heat efficiency is low; the natural gas engine is easy to generate the problems of lean burn and fire and the like under the low-load operation condition, and the problems greatly obstruct the development of the natural gas engine to a certain extent. Research shows that the natural gas engine is combined with an exhaust gas reforming and recycling technology (REGR), part of exhaust gas containing unburned methane gas is mixed with LNG fuel to generate hydrogen-rich gas through a reformer, and the hydrogen-rich gas is reintroduced into the engine, so that the hydrogen-doped combustion of the natural gas engine can be realized, the thermal efficiency of the engine is improved, and HC emission is reduced. And for the existing LNG engine exhaust reforming device, the structure is complex, the disassembly and assembly are troublesome, the tube bundle is not easy to clean, and the catalyst is very inconvenient to replace, so that the practicability of the LNG engine exhaust reforming device is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one of the technical problems, and facilitate installation and disassembly, the invention provides a reforming device for LNG engine exhaust gas and fuel, which adopts the following technical scheme:
The reforming device for the LNG engine waste gas and fuel comprises a cylindrical reaction shell, a hollow front end cover arranged at the front end of the cylindrical reaction shell and a hollow rear end cover arranged at the rear end of the cylindrical reaction shell, wherein the hollow front end cover is arranged at the front end of the cylindrical reaction shell; a reaction tube bundle is arranged in the cylindrical reaction shell, and comprises a plurality of unit tubes; a hemispherical front sleeve is arranged in the inner cavity of the hollow front end cover and is connected with the end part of the reaction tube bundle through a front ladder-shaped combined tube plate, the front ladder-shaped combined tube plate comprises a front ladder-shaped end cover side tube plate and a front ladder-shaped tube bundle side tube plate which are connected in a matched mode through a ladder shape, and corresponding tube holes are formed in the front ladder-shaped end cover side tube plate and the front ladder-shaped tube bundle side tube plate respectively; the inner cavity of the hollow rear end cover is internally provided with a hemispherical rear sleeve, the hemispherical rear sleeve is connected with the end part of the reaction tube bundle through a rear stepped combined tube plate, the rear stepped combined tube plate comprises a rear stepped end cover side tube plate and a rear stepped tube bundle side tube plate which are connected in a matched mode through a stepped mode, and the rear stepped end cover side tube plate and the rear stepped tube bundle side tube plate are respectively provided with corresponding tube holes.
Further, the hollow front end cover is mounted with the front end of the cylindrical reaction shell through a front combined stepped compression disc, the front combined stepped compression disc comprises a front stepped end cover side compression disc arranged on the hollow front end cover and a front stepped tube bundle side compression disc arranged on the cylindrical reaction shell, and the front stepped end cover side compression disc and the front stepped tube bundle side compression disc are connected in a stepped fit mode through a plurality of bolts; the hollow rear end cover is installed with the rear end of the cylindrical reaction shell through a rear combined stepped compression disc, the rear combined stepped compression disc comprises a rear stepped end cover side compression disc arranged on the hollow rear end cover and a rear stepped tube bundle side compression disc arranged on the cylindrical reaction shell, and the rear stepped end cover side compression disc is in stepped fit with the rear stepped tube bundle side compression disc and is connected through a plurality of bolts.
Further, the outer diameter of the front stepped end cover side tube plate is not larger than the inner diameter of the hemispherical front sleeve, and the front stepped end cover side tube plate is radially lined in the hemispherical front sleeve; the outer diameter of the rear stepped end cover side tube plate is not larger than the inner diameter of the hemispherical rear sleeve, and the rear stepped end cover side tube plate is radially lined in the hemispherical rear sleeve.
Further, annular tube plate supporting frames are respectively arranged at two ends of the cylindrical reaction shell, and the two annular tube plate supporting frames are respectively used for installing the front stepped tube bundle side tube plate and the rear stepped tube bundle side tube plate.
Further, the tube holes of the front stepped end cover side tube plate and the rear stepped end cover side tube plate are conical holes, air flows enter from the large end of the conical holes and flow out from the small end of the conical holes, and the tube holes of the front stepped tube bundle side tube plate and the rear stepped tube bundle side tube plate are cylindrical holes.
Further, the inner cavity of the hemispherical front sleeve is a front air cavity, a partition plate for dividing the front air cavity into an air inlet cavity and an air exhaust cavity is axially arranged at the middle position in the front air cavity, the hollow front end cover is provided with an air inlet pipe and a reformed gas exhaust pipe, the air inlet pipe comprises a lower pipe and an upper pipe, the lower pipe is communicated with the inner cavity of the hollow front end cover, the upper pipe is communicated with the air inlet cavity of the hemispherical front sleeve after penetrating through the inner cavity of the hollow front end cover, the upper pipe is connected with a natural gas air adding pipe and a water vapor air adding pipe, and the reformed gas exhaust pipe is communicated with the air exhaust cavity after penetrating through the inner cavity of the hollow front end cover; the inner cavity of the hemispherical rear sleeve is a rear air cavity, the hollow rear end cover is provided with a tail gas exhaust pipe and an air supplementing pipe, the tail gas exhaust pipe is communicated with the inner cavity of the hollow rear end cover, and the air supplementing pipe passes through the inner cavity of the hollow rear end cover and then is communicated with the rear air cavity.
Further, the reaction tube bundle comprises a primary tube bundle and a secondary tube bundle, one end of each unit tube in the primary tube bundle is communicated with the tube hole of the front ladder-shaped tube bundle side tube plate, the other end of each unit tube is communicated with the tube hole of the rear ladder-shaped tube bundle side tube plate, and each tube hole of the corresponding unit tube of the primary tube bundle on the front ladder-shaped tube bundle side tube plate and the front ladder-shaped end cover side tube plate is communicated with the air inlet cavity; one end of each unit pipe in the diode bundle is communicated with the pipe hole of the front ladder-shaped pipe bundle side pipe plate, the other end of each unit pipe is communicated with the pipe hole of the rear ladder-shaped pipe bundle side pipe plate, and each pipe hole of each unit pipe corresponding to the diode bundle on the front ladder-shaped pipe bundle side pipe plate and the front ladder-shaped end cover side pipe plate is communicated with the exhaust cavity.
Further, each of the unit tubes in the primary tube bundle is stacked to form a multi-layered structure, each of the unit tubes in the secondary tube bundle is stacked to form a multi-layered structure, and a distance between two adjacent layers of unit tubes in the primary tube bundle and the secondary tube bundle is 1.2 to 1.7 times an outer diameter of the unit tube.
Further, a plurality of alumina particles coated with a reforming hydrogen production catalyst Ni are stacked in each of the unit pipes, and the ratio of the inner diameter of the unit pipe to the outer diameter of the alumina particles is 2 to 3 times.
Further, the outside of each of the unit pipes is coated with a DOC catalyst.
The beneficial effects are that: the front step type combined tube plate and the rear step type combined tube plate are not integrated any more than the traditional tube plate, but are divided into two halves matched through step type notches, one half is connected with the reaction tube bundle, and the other half is connected with the hollow front end cover or the hollow rear end cover, so that the quick assembly and disassembly of the reforming device are realized. The invention can be widely applied to the technical field of LNG engine waste heat application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a reformer;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a cartridge reactor housing;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a hollow front end cap;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a hollow front end cap;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a hollow rear end cap;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the hollow rear end cap;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a hollow front end cap;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a hollow rear end cap;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a front stepped end cap side tubesheet;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a front ladder-type tube bundle side tube sheet;
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a rear step end cap side tubesheet;
FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a rear ladder-type tube bundle side tube sheet;
FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a reactor bundle;
FIG. 14 is an end view of a reactor tube bundle.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to fig. 1 to 14.
The invention relates to a reforming device for LNG engine exhaust gas and fuel, which comprises a cylindrical reaction shell 101, a hollow front end cover 102 arranged at the front end of the cylindrical reaction shell 101 and a hollow rear end cover 103 arranged at the rear end of the cylindrical reaction shell 101, wherein the hollow front end cover 102 and the hollow rear end cover 103 are respectively in locking connection with the cylindrical reaction shell 101 through a plurality of bolts. In some embodiments, the hollow front end cap 102 and the hollow rear end cap 103 are both hollow frustoconical.
Disposed within the cylindrical reaction enclosure 101 is a reaction tube bundle comprising a plurality of cell tubes 122. In some embodiments, in order to reduce the amount of heat exchange exhaust gas pollutants discharged from the tubular reaction housing 101, a plurality of alumina particles coated with the reforming hydrogen production catalyst Ni are stacked in each unit pipe 122, and the alumina particles are alumina balls. To increase the reforming area and improve the reforming efficiency, the ratio of the inner diameter of the unit pipe 122 to the outer diameter of the alumina particles is 2 to 3 times, for example, the ratio of the outer diameter is 2.5 times. In some embodiments, the alumina particles accumulated in each cell tube 122 leave a through hole in the middle to prevent clogging of the cell tube 122.
In some embodiments, the outside of each cell tube 122 is coated with a DOC catalyst that reduces emissions of carbon oxides and hydrocarbons in the heat exchanged exhaust gas, which DOC catalyst is commonly used in diesel vehicle exhaust systems to reduce pollutant emissions in the exhaust gas by various physicochemical effects. The DOC catalyst has a ceramic and a metal as the carrier, and the ceramic is usually cordierite, and the metal is of a large variety, such as iron, copper, and the like. Since the DOC catalyst functions the same as the oxidation performance of a gasoline vehicle exhaust catalyst converter, it also serves to reduce the SOF component in gaseous CO, THC, and particulate matter.
The hollow front end cover 102 is mounted with the front end of the tubular reaction housing 101 through a front combined stepped compression disk for compression and connection, the front combined stepped compression disk comprises a front stepped end cover side compression disk 106a arranged on the hollow front end cover 102 and a front stepped tube bundle side compression disk 106b arranged on the tubular reaction housing 101, the front stepped end cover side compression disk 106a and the front stepped tube bundle side compression disk 106b are connected in a stepped fit manner and through a plurality of bolts, and the sealing of the joint surface between the two is realized through the pressure provided by the locking of the bolts.
In some embodiments, the front step end cap side pinch plate 106a is welded to the outside of the tail of the hollow front end cap 102 and the rear step tube bundle side pinch plate 107b is welded to the end of the tubular reactor housing 101.
The hollow rear end cover 103 is mounted with the rear end of the cylindrical reaction housing 101 through a rear combined stepped compression disk, the rear combined stepped compression disk is used for compression and connection, the rear combined stepped compression disk comprises a rear stepped end cover side compression disk 107a arranged on the hollow rear end cover 103 and a rear stepped tube bundle side compression disk 107b arranged on the cylindrical reaction housing 101, the rear stepped end cover side compression disk 107a and the rear stepped tube bundle side compression disk 107b are connected in a stepped fit mode and through a plurality of bolts, and sealing of a joint surface between the rear stepped end cover side compression disk and the rear stepped tube bundle side compression disk 107b is realized through pressure provided by bolt locking.
In some embodiments, the rear step end cap side pinch plate 107a is welded to the outside of the tail of the hollow rear end cap 103 and the rear step tube bundle side pinch plate 107b is welded to the end of the tubular reactor housing 101.
In some embodiments, a hemispherical front sleeve 109 is installed in the inner cavity of the hollow front end cover 102, the hemispherical front sleeve 109 is connected with the end of the reaction tube bundle through a front ladder-shaped combined tube plate, the front ladder-shaped combined tube plate comprises a front ladder-shaped end cover side tube plate 112a and a front ladder-shaped tube bundle side tube plate 112b which are connected in a ladder-shaped mode in a matching way, the front ladder-shaped end cover side tube plate 112a is connected with the rear end of the hemispherical front sleeve 109, the rear ladder-shaped tube bundle side tube plate 114b is connected with the reaction tube bundle, and the sealing of the joint surface between the two is realized through the pressure provided by the locking of bolts between the hollow front end cover 102 and the cylindrical reaction shell 101, namely the locking of bolts between the front ladder-shaped end cover side compression disc 106a and the front ladder-shaped tube bundle side compression disc 106 b. The inner cavity of the hollow rear end cover 103 is provided with a hemispherical rear sleeve 110, the hemispherical rear sleeve 110 is connected with the end part of the reaction tube bundle through a rear step-shaped combined tube plate, the rear step-shaped combined tube plate comprises a rear step-shaped end cover side tube plate 114a and a rear step-shaped tube bundle side tube plate 114b which are connected in a matched mode through a step, the rear step-shaped end cover side tube plate 114a is connected with the rear end of the hemispherical rear sleeve 110, the rear step-shaped tube bundle side tube plate 114b is connected with the reaction tube bundle, and the sealing of the joint surface between the rear step-shaped end cover 103 and the reaction tube bundle is realized through the pressure provided by the bolt locking between the hollow rear end cover 103 and the cylindrical reaction shell 101, namely, the rear step-shaped end cover side compression disc 107a and the rear step-shaped tube bundle side compression disc 107 b.
When the bolts are unscrewed, the tubular reaction housing 101 is separated from the hollow front end cover 102 and the hollow rear end cover 103, and then the front ladder-shaped tube bundle side tube plates 112b and the rear ladder-shaped tube bundle side tube plates 114b at the two ends of the reaction tube bundle are removed, so that the reaction tube bundle can be taken out from the tubular reaction housing 101, and the flexible assembly of the device is realized.
In some embodiments, the front ladder-type end cap side tube plate 112a and the front ladder-type tube bundle side tube plate 112b are each formed with a corresponding tube hole 116, and the rear ladder-type end cap side tube plate 114a and the rear ladder-type tube bundle side tube plate 114b are each formed with a corresponding tube hole 116, each tube hole 116 being for connecting each unit tube 122.
In some embodiments, the tube holes 116 of the front stepped end cover side tube plate 112a and the rear stepped end cover side tube plate 114a are tapered holes, and corresponding tapers are arranged according to the airflow direction, so that airflow is ensured to enter from the large end and flow out from the small end of the tapered holes, and the tube holes 116 of the front stepped tube bundle side tube plate 112b and the rear stepped tube bundle side tube plate 114b are cylindrical holes, so that the processing is convenient.
In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the front stepped end cap side tube sheet 112a is no greater than the inner diameter of the hemispherical front sleeve 109, the front stepped end cap side tube sheet 112a radially lines the hemispherical front sleeve 109. In some embodiments, the front stepped end cap side tube sheet 112a is welded to the hemispherical front sleeve 109.
In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the aft stepped end cap side tube sheet 114a is no greater than the inner diameter of the hemispherical back case 110, with the aft stepped end cap side tube sheet 114a radially lining the hemispherical back case 110. In some embodiments, the rear stepped end cap side tube plate 114a is welded to the hemispherical rear sleeve 110.
In some embodiments, the inner cavity of the hemispherical front sleeve 109 is a front air cavity, and a partition 115 for dividing the front air cavity into an air inlet cavity 111a and an air outlet cavity 111b is axially arranged at a middle position in the front air cavity, that is, an edge of the partition 115 is attached to an inner wall of the hemispherical front sleeve 109 and a surface of the front stepped end cover side tube plate 112 a. The hollow front end cover 102 is provided with an air inlet pipe and a reformed gas exhaust pipe 119, the reformed gas exhaust pipe 119 passes through the inner cavity of the hollow front end cover 102 and then is communicated with the exhaust cavity 111b, an air inlet hole is formed in the center of the hollow front end cover 102, the air inlet pipe is arranged at the air inlet hole, the air inlet pipe comprises a lower pipe 104a and an upper pipe 104b, the lower pipe 104a is communicated with the inner cavity of the hollow front end cover 102, and the upper pipe 104b passes through the inner cavity of the hollow front end cover 102 and then is communicated with the air inlet cavity 111a of the hemispherical front sleeve 109. The upper pipe 104b is connected with a natural gas pipe 117 and a steam gas pipe 118, and the natural gas pipe 117 and the steam gas pipe 118 are arranged vertically to the upper pipe 104b to supply fuel and water for reforming reaction.
In some embodiments, the inner cavity of the hemispherical rear sleeve 110 is a rear air cavity 113, the hollow rear end cover 103 is provided with a tail gas exhaust pipe 105 and an air supplementing pipe 121, an air outlet hole is formed in the center of the hollow rear end cover 103, the tail gas exhaust pipe 105 is installed at the air outlet hole, the tail gas exhaust pipe 105 is communicated with the inner cavity of the hollow rear end cover 103, and the air supplementing pipe 121 passes through the inner cavity of the hollow rear end cover 103 and then is communicated with the rear air cavity 113.
In some embodiments, for a two-stage reforming reaction, the reaction tube bundle includes a primary tube bundle 108a and a secondary tube bundle 108b, wherein one end of each unit tube 122 in the primary tube bundle 108a is connected to the tube hole 116 of the front step-type tube bundle side tube plate 112b, and the other end is connected to the tube hole 116 of the rear step-type tube bundle side tube plate 114b, and the tube holes 116 of the front step-type tube bundle side tube plate 112b and the front step-type end cap side tube plate 112a corresponding to each unit tube 122 of the primary tube bundle 108a are connected to the air intake chamber 111 a. One end of each unit tube 122 in the diode bundle 108b communicates with the tube hole 116 of the front step-type tube bundle side tube plate 112b, the other end communicates with the tube hole 116 of the rear step-type tube bundle side tube plate 114b, and each tube hole 116 of each unit tube 122 corresponding to the diode bundle 108b on the front step-type tube bundle side tube plate 112b and the front step-type end cap side tube plate 112a communicates with the exhaust chamber 111 b.
In some embodiments, to allow reformed exhaust gas to flow into the reactor tube bundle, the diameter of tube holes 116 is equal to the outer diameter of cell tubes 122.
In some embodiments, each of the unit tubes 122 in the primary tube bundle 108a is stacked to form a multi-layered structure, and each of the unit tubes 122 in the secondary tube bundle 108b is stacked to form a multi-layered structure, so as to facilitate cleaning and assembly of the reaction tube bundle, the distance between two adjacent layers of unit tubes 122 in the primary tube bundle 108a and the secondary tube bundle 108b is 1.2 to 1.7 times, for example 1.5 times, the outer diameter of the unit tubes 122.
In some embodiments, annular tube sheet supports 125 are disposed at two ends of the tubular reactor housing 101, and the two annular tube sheet supports 125 are used for installing the front ladder-type tube bundle side tube plate 112b and the rear ladder-type tube bundle side tube plate 114b, respectively, so that the reaction tube bundle can be fixedly installed in the tubular reactor housing 101 by the mutual cooperation of the annular tube sheet supports 125 with the front ladder-type tube bundle side tube plate 112b and the rear ladder-type tube bundle side tube plate 114b, respectively.
In some embodiments, a disc-shaped baffle plate 124 is disposed in the middle of the reaction tube bundle, through holes for each unit tube 122 to pass through are formed in the disc-shaped baffle plate 124, and the inner diameter of the through holes is equal to the outer diameter of the unit tubes 122, and the outer diameter of the disc-shaped baffle plate 124 is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the annular tube plate support frame 125.
A specific embodiment of the device is described below.
The reformer includes a cylindrical reaction housing 101, a hollow front end cover 102, and a hollow rear end cover 103, a reaction tube bundle including a plurality of unit tubes 122 is disposed in the cylindrical reaction housing 101, and a disc-shaped baffle plate 124 is disposed in the middle of the reaction tube bundle, the disc-shaped baffle plate 124 being for mounting each unit tube 122. A plurality of alumina particles coated with a reforming hydrogen production catalyst Ni are stacked in each unit pipe 122, and the outside of each unit pipe 122 is coated with a DOC catalyst.
The hollow front end cover 102 is mounted with the front end of the cylindrical reaction housing 101 through a front combined stepped compression disk, and the hollow rear end cover 103 is mounted with the rear end of the cylindrical reaction housing 101 through a rear combined stepped compression disk.
A hemispherical front sleeve 109 is installed in the inner cavity of the hollow front end cover 102, and the hemispherical front sleeve 109 is connected with the end of the reaction tube bundle through a front step type combined tube plate, and the front step type combined tube plate comprises a front step type end cover side tube plate 112a and a front step type tube bundle side tube plate 112b. A hemispherical rear sleeve 110 is mounted in the inner cavity of the hollow rear end cap 103, and the hemispherical rear sleeve 110 is connected with the end of the reaction tube bundle through a rear step type combined tube plate, wherein the rear step type combined tube plate comprises a rear step type end cap side tube plate 114a and a rear step type tube bundle side tube plate 114b. Annular tube sheet supports 125 are respectively arranged at both ends of the cylindrical reaction housing 101, and the two annular tube sheet supports 125 are respectively used for installing the front step-type tube bundle side tube plates 112b and the rear step-type tube bundle side tube plates 114b.
The inner cavity of the hemispherical front cover 109 is a front air cavity, the front air cavity is divided into an air inlet cavity 111a and an air outlet cavity 111b by a partition 115, the hollow front end cover 102 is provided with an air inlet pipe and a reformed air exhaust pipe 119, the reformed air exhaust pipe 119 passes through the inner cavity of the hollow front end cover 102 and then is communicated with the air outlet cavity 111b, the air inlet pipe comprises a lower pipe 104a and an upper pipe 104b, wherein the lower pipe 104a is communicated with the inner cavity of the hollow front end cover 102, and the upper pipe 104b passes through the inner cavity of the hollow front end cover 102 and then is communicated with the air inlet cavity 111a of the hemispherical front cover 109. The upper pipe 104b is connected to a natural gas feed pipe 117 and a steam feed pipe 118.
The inner cavity of the hemispherical rear sleeve 110 is a rear air cavity 113, the hollow rear end cover 103 is provided with a tail gas exhaust pipe 105 and an air supplementing pipe 121, the tail gas exhaust pipe 105 is communicated with the inner cavity of the hollow rear end cover 103, and the air supplementing pipe 121 passes through the inner cavity of the hollow rear end cover 103 and then is communicated with the rear air cavity 113.
The reactor tube bundle includes a primary tube bundle 108a and a secondary tube bundle 108b, one end of each unit tube 122 in the primary tube bundle 108a communicates with the tube hole 116 of the front step-type tube bundle side tube plate 112b, the other end communicates with the tube hole 116 of the rear step-type tube bundle side tube plate 114b, and one end of each unit tube 122 in the secondary tube bundle 108b communicates with the tube hole 116 of the front step-type tube bundle side tube plate 112b, and the other end communicates with the tube hole 116 of the rear step-type tube bundle side tube plate 114 b.
Methane as a major component of LNG fuel, a complex reforming process occurs in a reformer, wherein the main reactions are as follows:
CH4+H2O→CO+3H2(ΔHθ＝+206KJ/mol)
CH4+2H2O→CO2+4H2(ΔHθ＝+165KJ/mol)
CH4+0.5O2→CO+2H2(ΔHθ＝-36KJ/mol)
CH4+2O2→CO2+2H2O(ΔHθ＝-802KJ/mol)
CH4+CO2→2CO+2H2(ΔHθ＝+247KJ/mol)
CO+H2O→CO2+H2(ΔHθ＝-41KJ/mol)
2CO→C+CO2(ΔHθ＝-172KJ/mol)
CH4→C+2H2(ΔHθ＝+75KJ/mol)
The hydrogen production reaction is a strong endothermic reaction, and the waste gas mainly contains methane, CO, water vapor and nitrogen, so that waste heat in the waste gas and oxidation reaction of methane can be recovered to serve as heat sources.
The working principle is as follows: methane-containing waste gas generated by the LNG engine operation is divided into reformed waste gas and heat exchange waste gas, natural gas and steam respectively flow into the upper pipe 104b through the natural gas adding pipe 117 and the steam adding pipe 118, the reformed waste gas, the natural gas and the steam are premixed and then enter the primary pipe bundle 108a for reforming under the catalytic action of a catalyst, the heat exchange waste gas directly enters the tubular reaction shell 101 through the lower pipe 104a and the hollow front end cover 102, heat is provided for reforming reaction of the primary pipe bundle 108a, and the heat exchange waste gas after heat exchange is discharged from the tail gas exhaust pipe 105; the reformed gas enters the rear air cavity 113, and the air supplementing pipe 121 introduces oxygen in the air to the rear air cavity 113 to perform oxidation reaction with methane to generate heat, so as to provide heat for reforming the subsequent diode bundle 108 b; the reformed gas flowing out of the primary tube bundle 108a passes through the rear air chamber 113, is then introduced into the secondary tube bundle 108b, is subjected to secondary reforming, reaches the exhaust chamber 111b after being reformed, and is discharged from the reformed gas exhaust pipe 119.
The tube holes 116 of the front ladder-type tube bundle side tube plate 112b and the rear ladder-type tube bundle side tube plate 114b are cylindrical holes, the tube holes 116 of the front ladder-type end cover side tube plate 112a and the rear ladder-type end cover side tube plate 114a are conical holes, corresponding conical shapes are arranged according to the airflow direction, and airflow is ensured to enter from the large end and flow out from the small end of the conical holes, so that the conical directions of the tube holes 116 communicated with the air inlet cavity 111a and the air outlet cavity 111b on the front ladder-type tube bundle side tube plate 112b are opposite.
The reforming device disclosed by the invention reasonably reforms the structure of the existing LNG engine exhaust reforming device, adopts the tube plate structure and the compression disc matched with the stepped notch, and realizes flexible assembly of the existing LNG engine exhaust reforming device, so that the practicability and the detachability of the existing LNG engine exhaust reforming device are greatly improved, and the detachment of the device, the detachment of the cylindrical reaction shell 101, the replacement of the catalyst in the reaction tube bundle and the cleaning of the reaction tube bundle are more convenient. In addition, the sealing performance of the matched position of the tube plate structure is ensured by the pressure provided by the pressing disc matched with the stepped notch through the bolt connection.
Compared with the traditional tube plate, the front step type combined tube plate and the rear step type combined tube plate are not integrated any more, but are divided into two halves matched through step type notches, one half is connected with a reaction tube bundle, and the other half is connected with a hollow front end cover 102 or a hollow rear end cover 103, so that the quick assembly and disassembly of the reforming device are realized.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
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| KR101480085B1 (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2015-01-09 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | Fuel reformer having gas distributor for uniform gas flow formation |
| CN105986865B (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2019-01-18 | 浙江工商大学 | A kind of electricity generation system based on marine main engine exhaust heat-energy |
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