CN111438569A - A portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining spindle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing spindle, which relates to the technical field of micro-special processing, and comprises a power source module, a power transmission module and a lead module, wherein the power source module includes a power source and a connecting piece, The power source is connected with the power transmission module through the connecting piece; the power transmission module includes an insulating sleeve and a fine ultrasonic vibration system, the fine ultrasonic vibration system is installed in the insulating sleeve, and the insulating sleeve is installed in the insulating sleeve. The sleeve is connected with the connecting piece; the lead module is mounted on the outer side of the insulating sleeve. The invention has compact structure, light weight, excellent performance, convenience and practicality, and can realize micro-ultrasonic machining, micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted EDM, and micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic machining.

Description

A portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining spindle

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of micro-special processing, in particular to a portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted processing spindle.

Background technique

Ultrasonic machining is the use of ultrasonically vibrated tools or workpieces to generate abrasive impact, polishing, hydraulic impact and the resulting cavitation in abrasive liquid media or dry abrasives to remove materials, or to give tools or workpieces along the edge. Ultrasonic vibration is applied in a certain direction for processing, or a processing method that uses ultrasonic vibration to combine workpieces with each other. Micro ultrasonic machining is realized by reducing the size and amplitude of the tool head and abrasive grains on the basis of ultrasonic machining. Micro-ultrasonic machining technology is an important direction for ultrasonic machining technology to develop towards high precision and miniaturization; micro-ultrasonic machining technology is suitable for various high-strength, high-temperature-resistant, wear-resistant hard and brittle materials components such as semiconductors, optical glass, and engineering ceramics. Precision micro-manufacturing.

Micro EDM, also known as electrical discharge machining or electrical erosion machining, is to continuously generate pulsed spark discharge between the tool and the workpiece during the machining process, and use the instantaneous and local high temperature generated during the discharge to erode the metal material. During machining, the tool does not come into contact with the workpiece. This technology has been widely used in the micromachining of hard and difficult-to-machine materials such as cemented carbide, die steel, hardened steel, polycrystalline diamond, etc. It can also be used for micromachining of workpieces with low stiffness and complex surface shapes. Compared with micro-EDM without ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro-EDM, micro-EDM has better performance in terms of micro-EDM discharge state, machining efficiency, machining accuracy, material removal rate, electrode wear, and surface roughness. Advantage. First, ultrasonic vibration can improve the discharge state of the micro-EDM process, which can improve the material removal rate, reduce the relative loss rate of tool electrodes, and improve the machining accuracy. Second, ultrasonic vibration helps to circulate the working fluid and remove debris in the gap area. The stirring effect caused by the vibration of the working fluid can even disperse the debris and carbon particles in the gap area, thereby reducing short circuits and abnormal discharges, and ultimately increasing the processing speed.

Micro-electrochemical machining is divided into micro-electrochemical machining and micro-electroplating. It is a special processing method for removing workpiece materials or plating metal materials on them through chemical reactions. It has been widely used in cylindrical parts, spline holes, internal gears, and molds. , valve plate and other special-shaped parts precision ultra-precision micro-machining. Micro-ultrasonic vibration is assisted in micro-electrochemical machining, and the effect of micro-ultrasonic machining assists in removing electrolytic products in time. Micro-ultrasonic vibration can effectively reduce the occurrence of short circuits in the process of electro-chemical machining; the addition of ultrasonic vibration in micro-electrolytic machining causes electrolyte disturbance in the processing area. Its localized ablation capability, machining stability, machining accuracy and workpiece surface quality have all been improved.

The implementation of micro-ultrasonic machining, micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro-EDM and micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro-electrochemical machining are based on the corresponding micro-ultrasonic machining, micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro-EDM machine tools and micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro-electrolytic machining machine tools, The key core components of micro ultrasonic machining and micro ultrasonic vibration assisted machining machine tools are their corresponding spindles. The functions that micro ultrasonic machining and micro ultrasonic vibration assisted machining spindles need to achieve are: first, the spindle needs to be able to install a micro ultrasonic vibration system; second, the spindle needs to rotate with high precision; A pole is introduced to the microtool. At present, micro-ultrasonic machining or micro-ultrasound-assisted machining is more common to apply micro-ultrasonic vibration to the workpiece, and use the motor-driven V-block spindle as the main shaft of the machine tool. Micro-ultrasonic machining or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining There are some problems as follows: First, it is difficult to install the workpiece on the ultrasonic vibration table to achieve effective transmission of sound energy; second, there are restrictions on the size of the workpiece, and the workpiece exceeds a certain size, and the micro ultrasonic table cannot be driven; third, the motor-driven spindle The adjustable range of rotational speed is limited and the rotational speed is not high, generally 0-5000r/min, which makes it difficult to achieve rotary machining with a wide adjustable range and high speed; fourth, the processing device is relatively complex and the structure is not very compact; fifth, the spindle and the machine body There is no good electrical insulation between them, which affects the processing efficiency and processing quality.

Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a new lightweight micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining spindle to solve the above problems in the prior art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted machining spindle to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art. Vibration-assisted EDM, micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic machining.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the present invention provides a portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining spindle, comprising a power source module, a power transmission module and a lead module, and the power source module includes a power source module. A source and a connecting piece, the power source is connected with the power transmission module through the connecting piece; the power transmission module includes an insulating sleeve and a fine ultrasonic vibration system, and the fine ultrasonic vibration system is mounted on the insulating sleeve Inside, the insulating sleeve is connected with the connecting piece; the lead module is installed on the outer side of the insulating sleeve.

Preferably, the power source adopts a BM320F electric spindle.

Preferably, the connecting piece is a T-shaped transition metal piece, the small end of the T-shaped transition metal piece is installed on the BM320F motorized spindle, and the middle part of the large end of the T-shaped transition metal piece is provided with a light There is a horizontally penetrating bolt hole for connecting with the upper end of the insulating sleeve.

Preferably, the insulating sleeve is integrally formed by PLA plastic 3D printing, and the insulating sleeve and the T-shaped transition metal piece are coaxially arranged.

Preferably, the insulating sleeve is of a stepped type, an optical axis is arranged on the upper part of the insulating sleeve, and is used for matching with the optical hole of the big end of the T-shaped transition metal piece, and a bolt hole is arranged on the optical axis. , used to cooperate with the bolt hole of the big end of the T-shaped transfer metal piece; the intermediate stepped shaft of the insulating sleeve is provided with a through hole for wire entry; the lower part of the insulating sleeve is provided with a tapered step holes for installing the micro ultrasonic vibration system.

Preferably, the micro ultrasonic vibration system includes a rear matching block, a piezoelectric ceramic sheet, a front matching block, a horn, a tool chuck and a tool that are sequentially connected from top to bottom.

Preferably, the rear matching block, the piezoelectric ceramic sheet, the front matching block and the horn are connected together by stud bolts; the horn is provided with a nodal plane, and the nodal plane It is fixed in the stepped hole at the lower part of the insulating sleeve; the lower end of the horn is fastened and installed with the tool chuck through the taper matching bolt, and the tool is installed in the tool chuck.

Preferably, the lead module includes a slip ring and a slip ring support, the inner ring of the slip ring is sheathed in the optical axis of the insulating sleeve, and is fastened by four inner ring fastening bolts of the slip ring; The slip ring is mounted on the slip ring support, and the slip ring anti-rotation plate of the outer ring of the slip ring is fixed on the slip ring support by the anti-rotation plate fastening bolts.

Preferably, the slip ring support is integrally formed by PLA plastic 3D printing, and two wings are provided on the top of the slip ring support, and the two wings are stretched and fixed on the BM320F electric circuit by bolts and nuts. on the spindle.

The present invention has achieved the following technical effects with respect to the prior art:

1. The NSK motorized spindle is used as the power source. The speed of the motorized spindle can be adjusted in a wide range, which can realize high-speed rotation of the spindle in micro-ultrasonic machining and micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining.

2. The 3D-printed insulating sleeve and slip ring support isolate the electro-spindle from the tools that lead to electricity and the micro ultrasonic vibration system. The structure is compact and can achieve good electrical insulation.

3. The insulating sleeve is integrally formed by 3D printing. The optical axis part of the upper end is connected with the T-shaped transfer metal part through transition fit, and the lower end is matched with the micro ultrasonic vibration system through the taper, which can ensure high rotation accuracy and processing stability.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. In the embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a T-shaped transition metal piece in the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a T-shaped transfer metal piece in the present invention;

3 is a cross-sectional view of an insulating sleeve in the present invention;

4 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulating sleeve in the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the micro ultrasonic vibration system in the present invention;

6 is a schematic structural diagram of a portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining spindle in the present invention;

In the figure, 1. BM320F motorized spindle; 2. Slip ring support; 3. Nut; 4. Bolt; Slip ring; 9. Fastening bolt of anti-rotation plate; 10. Anti-rotation plate of slip ring; 11. Mounting bolt on joint surface; 12. Insulating sleeve; 13. Micro ultrasonic vibration system; 14. Rear matching block; 15. Piezoelectric Ceramic sheet; 16, front matching block; 17, stud bolt; 18, horn; 19, section surface; 20, tool chuck; 21, tool.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example 1

As shown in FIGS. 1-6 , this embodiment provides a portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining spindle, including a power source module, a power transmission module, and a lead module. The power source module includes a power source and a connection The power source is connected with the power transmission module through the connecting piece; the power transmission module includes an insulating sleeve and a fine ultrasonic vibration system, and the fine ultrasonic vibration system is installed in the insulating sleeve, so the The insulating sleeve is connected with the connecting piece; the lead module is installed on the outer side of the insulating sleeve.

In this embodiment, BM320F motorized spindle 1 is used as the power source, and T-shaped transfer metal parts 5 are used as connecting parts; 5 As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the diameter of the small end is 3.175mm, and the small end is installed on the BM320F motorized spindle. The large end of the T-type adapter metal has a light hole and a horizontal through bolt hole, which are used for insulation. The optical axis on the upper end of the sleeve is connected with the through bolt hole.

In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 3-4, the insulating sleeve 12 is integrally formed by PLA plastic 3D printing, and the upper half has an optical axis that fits with the optical hole at the large end of the T-shaped transition metal piece 5, and has a The bolt hole at the big end of the T-type adapter metal piece is matched with the horizontal bolt hole. The cooperation between the big end of the T-type adapter metal piece 5 and the optical axis of the insulating sleeve 12 is a transition fit, and the gap is close to 0, which can ensure that the two coaxiality between.

There is a through hole at the middle stepped shaft of the insulating sleeve 12 for incoming wires; the lower half of the insulating sleeve 12 has a stepped hole with a certain taper entrance for installing the micro ultrasonic vibration system 13. The lower stepped hole and the upper optical axis need to be guaranteed. Concentricity requirements. The entrance of the stepped hole is set with a certain taper, and the taper is equal to the taper on the nodal surface 19 of the micro ultrasonic vibration system 13. The cooperation of the tapered hole is used to ensure the coaxiality of the insulating sleeve 12 and the micro ultrasonic vibration system 13, so as to ensure the tool 21 and BM320F motor spindle 1 coaxiality requirements.

In this embodiment, the lead module includes a slip ring 8 and a slip ring support 2 . The inner ring of the slip ring 8 is sheathed in the upper end optical shaft of the insulating sleeve 12 and fastened by four slip ring inner ring fastening bolts 7 , so that it can rotate synchronously with the optical axis; the slip ring 8 is placed on the slip ring support 2, and the slip ring anti-rotation plate 10 on the outer ring of the slip ring 8 is fixed on the slip ring support 2 by the anti-rotation plate fastening bolts 9 .

The slip ring 8 can realize the transmission of 3-way electric power, of which 2 are used for the transmission of ultrasonic power; the other is used to transmit one pole electric power of the micro electric spark power supply or the micro electrolytic power supply to the tool.

The 2-way routing paths for the ultrasonic power supply are: the outer ring of the slip ring - the inner ring of the slip ring - the threading hole of the slip ring support - the threading hole at the intermediate stepped shaft of the insulating sleeve - the piezoelectric ceramic sheet in the micro ultrasonic vibration system positive and negative. The routing path of the other electric energy is: the outer ring of the slip ring - the inner ring of the slip ring - the threading hole of the slip ring support - the threading hole at the intermediate stepped shaft of the insulating sleeve - the threading hole of the section surface - the tool.

The slip ring support 2 is 3D printed as a whole, and the upper two wings are installed on the BM320F motorized spindle 1, and are fixed on the BM320F motorized spindle 1 by tightening the bolts 4 and 3 nuts; the lower part is used to place the slip ring 8, The slip ring anti-rotation plate 10 on the outer ring of the slip ring 8 is fixed on the slip ring support by the anti-rotation plate fastening bolts 9 .

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5 , the micro ultrasonic vibration system 13 mainly includes a rear matching block 14 , a piezoelectric ceramic sheet 15 , a front matching block 16 , a stud bolt 17 , a horn 18 , a tool chuck 20 and Tool 21. The rear matching block, the piezoelectric ceramic sheet, the front matching block, and the horn are connected together by stud bolts. There is a section 19 on the horn, and the amplitude on the section is zero, which is fixed to the insulating sleeve 12 through it. in the stepped hole at the lower end. The lower end of the horn is fastened to install the tool holder 20 through the taper matching bolt, and the tool 21 is installed in the tool holder 20 . The piezoelectric ceramic sheet 15 vibrates at high frequency under the drive of the ultrasonic power source, and the ultrasonic vibration is amplified by the horn 18 and then transmitted to the tool 21, so that the tool 21 vibrates at high frequency along the axial direction.

The overall assembly of this embodiment is shown in Figure 6. The upper end of the T-shaped adapter metal piece 5 is fastened by the electric spindle chuck of the BM320F electric spindle 1, the lower end is connected with the insulating sleeve 12 by bolts, and the micro ultrasonic vibration system 13 is installed by bolts. In the stepped hole at the lower end of the insulating sleeve 12; the slip ring 8 is placed on the slip ring support 2, the inner ring is sleeved on the optical axis of the insulating sleeve 12 and fastened by bolts, and the top two wings of the slip ring support 2 are bolted Tighten it with the nut and hold it on the BM320F motorized spindle 1.

This embodiment can be installed on a micro ultrasonic machining machine, a micro EDM machine, and a micro electrolytic machining machine to perform micro ultrasonic machining, micro ultrasonic vibration assisted EDM, and micro ultrasonic vibration assisted electrolytic machining.

Micro-ultrasonic machining implementation:

Install the lightweight micro-ultrasonic machining spindle on the micro-ultrasonic machining machine, and the tool is mounted on the spindle through the tool chuck. Before micro-ultrasonic machining, it is necessary to perform block/wire electrode EDM grinding on the tool, which can ensure that the micro-tool after machining has a good coaxiality with the spindle. During on-line EDM grinding, the anode of the EDM power supply leads to the tool through the slip ring, and the tool is ground to the required fine size according to the processing needs. During micro ultrasonic machining, the lead wire of the micro ultrasonic machining power supply is energized to the piezoelectric ceramic sheet in the micro ultrasonic vibration system through the slip ring, and then the speed required by the spindle is set through the BM320F motorized spindle controller, and the micro ultrasonic power supply is turned on. Micro-ultrasonic machining is carried out under the control of

Micro ultrasonic vibration assisted EDM implementation:

The portable micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted EDM spindle is installed on the micro-EDM machine tool, and the tool is mounted on the spindle through a tool chuck. Before micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted EDM, it is necessary to perform block/wire electrode EDM grinding on the tool, which can ensure that the processed micro-tool and the spindle have good coaxiality. During on-line EDM grinding, the anode of the EDM power supply leads to the tool through the slip ring, and the tool is ground to the required fine size according to the processing needs. When the micro-ultrasonic vibration assists EDM, the lead wire of the micro-ultrasonic machining power supply is energized to the piezoelectric ceramic sheet in the micro-ultrasonic vibration system through the slip ring, and the cathode of the micro-electric spark power supply is energized to the tool through the slip ring, and the The anode of the micro-EDM power supply is connected to the workpiece; then the required speed of the spindle is set through the BM320F electric spindle controller, the micro-ultrasonic power supply and the micro-EDM power supply are turned on, and the micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted EDM is performed under the control of the control system.

Micro ultrasonic vibration assisted electrolytic machining implementation:

The portable micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted ECM spindle is installed on the micro-electrochemical machining machine tool, and the tool is mounted on the spindle through a tool chuck. Before micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic machining, it is necessary to perform block/wire electrode EDM grinding on the tool, which can ensure that the processed micro-tool has a good coaxiality with the spindle. During on-line EDM grinding, the anode of the EDM power supply leads to the tool through the slip ring, and the tool is ground to the required fine size according to the processing needs. When the micro ultrasonic vibration is assisted electrolytic machining, the lead wire of the micro ultrasonic machining power supply is energized to the piezoelectric ceramic sheet in the micro ultrasonic vibration system through the slip ring, and the cathode of the micro electrolytic power supply is energized to the tool through the slip ring. The anode of the power supply is connected to the workpiece; then set the speed required by the spindle through the BM320F electric spindle controller, turn on the micro ultrasonic power supply and the micro electrolytic power supply, and perform micro ultrasonic vibration assisted electrolytic machining under the control of the control system.

To sum up, the present invention is a portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted machining spindle, which uses the BM320F motorized spindle produced by NSK as the power source, and can achieve continuous adjustment of 1000-80000 r/min under high rotation accuracy. Micro-ultrasonic machining and micro-ultrasound vibration-assisted machining have a wide adjustable range and high-speed rotary machining; the slip ring support and sleeve are 3D printed with insulating PLA material, which can realize integrated printing and molding of complex structures, ensuring that the main shaft is light, simple, and compact as a whole. The structure is compact; the power transmission device adopts a 3D printing insulating sleeve structure, which is assembled with the main shaft and the micro ultrasonic vibration system respectively through integral printing and molding, and the effective insulation from the electric main shaft can be achieved while ensuring high transmission accuracy.

In the present invention, specific examples are used to illustrate the principles and implementations of the present invention, and the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the present invention; There will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope of the idea of the invention. In conclusion, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing spindle is characterized in that: comprising a power source module, a power transmission module and a lead module, the power source module comprises a power source and a connector, the power source The power transmission module is connected with the power transmission module through the connector; the power transmission module includes an insulating sleeve and a micro ultrasonic vibration system, the micro ultrasonic vibration system is installed in the insulating sleeve, and the insulating sleeve is connected to the The connecting piece is connected; the lead module is installed on the outer side of the insulating sleeve. 2 . The portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration assisted machining spindle according to claim 1 , wherein the power source adopts a BM320F electric spindle. 3 . 3. The portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining spindle according to claim 2, wherein the connecting piece is a T-shaped transfer metal piece, and the small end of the T-shaped transfer metal piece is installed On the BM320F electric spindle, the middle part of the large end of the T-shaped transition metal piece is provided with a light hole and a horizontally penetrating bolt hole for connecting with the upper end of the insulating sleeve. 4. The portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted processing spindle according to claim 3, wherein the insulating sleeve is integrally formed by PLA plastic 3D printing, and the insulating sleeve and the T-shaped turntable are integrally formed. Connect the metal parts coaxially. 5. The portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining spindle according to claim 4, wherein the insulating sleeve is of a stepped type, and an optical axis is arranged on the upper part of the insulating sleeve for connecting with The optical hole of the big end of the T-shaped transfer metal piece is matched; the optical axis is provided with a bolt hole for matching with the bolt hole of the big end of the T-shaped transfer metal piece; the intermediate stepped shaft of the insulating sleeve A through hole is provided at the bottom for incoming wires; the lower part of the insulating sleeve is provided with a tapered stepped hole for installing the micro ultrasonic vibration system. 6. The portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining spindle according to claim 5, wherein the micro-ultrasonic vibration system comprises a rear matching block, a piezoelectric ceramic sheet, a front Matching blocks, horns, tool chucks and tools. 7. The portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining spindle according to claim 6, wherein the rear matching block, the piezoelectric ceramic sheet, the front matching block and the horn They are connected together by stud bolts; the horn is provided with a nodal surface, and the nodal surface is fixed in the stepped hole at the lower part of the insulating sleeve; the lower end of the horn is fastened and installed by taper matching bolts The tool holder in which the tool is mounted. 8. The portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining spindle according to claim 5, wherein the lead module comprises a slip ring and a slip ring support, and the inner ring of the slip ring is sleeved on the In the optical axis of the insulating sleeve, it is fastened by four fastening bolts on the inner ring of the slip ring; the slip ring is installed on the support of the slip ring, and the anti-rotation plate of the slip ring on the outer ring of the slip ring passes through the stopper. The rotating plate fastening bolts are fixed on the sliding ring support. 9 . The portable micro-ultrasonic or micro-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining spindle according to claim 8 , wherein the slip ring support is integrally formed by PLA plastic 3D printing, and the top of the slip ring support is provided with a Two wing plates, the two wing plates are stretched and fixed on the BM320F electric spindle by bolts and nuts.

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