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CN111436339A - Quinoa precision sowing planting method - Google Patents

Quinoa precision sowing planting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111436339A
CN111436339A CN202010370270.7A CN202010370270A CN111436339A CN 111436339 A CN111436339 A CN 111436339A CN 202010370270 A CN202010370270 A CN 202010370270A CN 111436339 A CN111436339 A CN 111436339A
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Prior art keywords
quinoa
soil
planting method
seeds
base fertilizer
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郭立青
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Inner Mongolia Litai International Biotechnology Co ltd
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Inner Mongolia Litai International Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00Sowing
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protection of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a quinoa precision sowing planting method, which comprises the following steps: selecting soil suitable for growing chenopodium quinoa willd, deeply ploughing the soil by 30-50 cm, applying base fertilizer to the deeply ploughed soil, ridging the soil with the base fertilizer applied, wherein the ridge height is 10-20cm, the ridge distance is 40-50cm, pretreating chenopodium quinoa willd seeds, sowing the pretreated chenopodium quinoa willd seeds on the ridges, and covering films; spraying lime water around the ridges, and managing the quinoa in due time; the invention provides a quinoa precision sowing planting method, which promotes the growth of quinoa by deeply ploughing the land and applying base fertilizer; the microenvironment of the soil is changed by sowing and film covering on the ridges, so that the survival rate of the quinoa is improved; through reasonable control of row spacing and field management, the incidence rate of diseases and insect pests of the chenopodium quinoa is reduced.

Description

Quinoa precision sowing planting method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a quinoa precision seeding planting method.
Background
Chenopodium quinoa, a plant of origin mainly distributed in Borivia, Ecuador and Peru in south America, is classified as a dicotyledonous plant of the family Chenopodiaceae. The plant is broom-shaped, the plant height is generally 1.5-2.0m, the highest plant height can reach about 3m, the root system belongs to a shallow root system, the sequent inflorescence, the main tip and the side tip both seed, and self-pollination is carried out. The seeds are round tablets, the diameter is about 1.5-2mm, the size of the seeds is almost the same as that of millet, the seeds are lighter than the millet, and the thousand seed weight is 1.4-3 g.
At present, the poor planting technology of the chenopodium quinoa willd leads to poor growth vigor of the chenopodium quinoa willd, small and few grains of grains, or the chenopodium quinoa willd grows too vigorously and is easy to fall down, the occurrence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is high, and the yield of the chenopodium quinoa willd is reduced.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technicians in the field is how to provide a planting method capable of effectively improving the yield of quinoa and reducing the incidence rate of diseases and insect pests of quinoa.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a chenopodium quinoa precision seeding planting method, which promotes the growth of chenopodium quinoa by deeply ploughing the land and applying base fertilizer; the microenvironment of the soil is changed by sowing and film covering on the ridges, so that the survival rate of the quinoa is improved; through reasonable control of row spacing and field management, the incidence rate of diseases and insect pests of the chenopodium quinoa is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the chenopodium quinoa willd precision sowing planting method comprises the following steps:
1) land selection and deep ploughing: selecting soil suitable for growing chenopodium quinoa and deeply turning the soil by 30-50 cm;
2) applying a base fertilizer: applying base fertilizer to the deeply ploughed soil;
3) ridging: ridging the soil with the base fertilizer, wherein the height of each ridge is 10-20cm, and the ridge distance is 40-50 cm;
4) sowing and laminating: pretreating quinoa seeds, sowing the pretreated quinoa seeds on ridges, and covering films;
5) field management: spraying lime water around the ridges, and managing the quinoa in due time.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: in autumn, soil is deeply ploughed, pests in the deep soil can be ploughed out, and the pests are directly killed after being aired; applying base fertilizer to the soil, so that nutrient substances can be supplemented to the soil, the germination of the chenopodium quinoa seeds is promoted, and sufficient nutrient substances are provided for the growth of the chenopodium quinoa seedlings; ridging and film covering can keep the humidity and the temperature of the soil to a certain degree, so that the temperature and humidity change amount in the soil is small; when the ridge height is 10-20cm and the ridge distance is 40-50cm, the survival rate of the chenopodium quinoa can be obviously improved.
As a preferable technical scheme of the present invention, in step 1), the soil suitable for growing chenopodium quinoa is: the average temperature is 25-32 deg.C, and the humidity is 20-30%.
As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 2), the base fertilizer is prepared by fermenting a microbial agent, straws, silkworm excrement and sheep manure according to the volume ratio of 1-4: 2-6: 4-5: 4-8.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis and paenibacillus polymyxa, which are purchased from northern Nami organisms, and can be used as a fermentation strain to fully decompose organic matters in straws, silkworm excrement and sheep manure into small molecular substances for the growth of quinoa.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the application amount of the base fertilizer is 200-300 kg/mu.
The application amount of the base fertilizer is 200-300 kg/mu, the requirements on all nutrient substances during the growth period of the chenopodium quinoa can be met, the secondary application of the fertilizer is not needed, and the application amount of the fertilizer in the chenopodium quinoa planting process is reduced.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the process for pretreating the quinoa seeds in the step 4) comprises the following steps: the seeds and the river sand are layered and placed in a container, the water content of the river sand is kept at 20-30% for 10 days in a ventilated environment, and then the seeds are soaked in warm water at 20-25 ℃ for 3 hours.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: mixing the seeds with river sand, and carrying out sand storage treatment on the seeds to facilitate accumulation of nutrient substances in the seeds; the seeds are soaked in warm water, so that proper humidity is provided for germination of the seeds.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 4), the depth of seeding the quinoa is 2-3cm, and the distance is 10-15 cm.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the germination rate is highest when the sowing depth of the chenopodium quinoa is 2-3cm and the distance is 10-15 cm.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 5), the spraying amount of the lime water is 0.2-0.3L/m2
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the lime water can effectively prevent pests in the early stage of the quinoa seedlings, particularly scarab, so that the survival rate of the quinoa seedlings can be further improved by spraying the lime water.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, in the step 5), the process of timely managing quinoa includes:
in the 3-4 leaf stage of chenopodium quinoa seedling emergence, the first weed cleaning is carried out, and weak seedlings and dense seedlings are pulled out.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in the step 5), the process of timely managing quinoa further includes:
and (4) performing secondary weed cleaning to pull out weak seedlings and dense seedlings when the quinoa seedlings emerge from 5-6 leaf stages.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step 4), when the quinoa is sowed, the quinoa and the cured millet are sowed together, and the mass ratio of the quinoa to the cured millet is 1: 1.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the cooked millet contains various vitamins, proteins, fats, saccharides and nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and the like, and can provide sufficient nutrition for the germination of seeds.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the chenopodium quinoa willd fine-seeding planting method disclosed by the invention has the following technical effects:
1) according to the method, before sowing, base fertilizer is applied to the soil, so that the activity of the soil is improved, meanwhile, the fertilizer is not applied in the whole growth period of the chenopodium quinoa, and the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced;
2) when the quinoa is sowed, the millet and the quinoa seeds are sowed simultaneously, so that nutrient substances in the millet can be absorbed and utilized by the quinoa seeds, the germination of the quinoa is promoted, and the stress resistance of the quinoa is improved;
3) the invention reasonably controls the plant spacing and the ridge spacing, and finds that the pest incidence rate is only 8.9 percent through continuous groping.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment, the microbial agent is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis and paenibacillus polymyxa according to the volume ratio of 1: 1; wherein, the bacillus subtilis and the paenibacillus polymyxa are purchased from northern Navier.
Example 1
The chenopodium quinoa willd precision sowing planting method comprises the following steps:
1) land selection and deep ploughing: selecting soil with the average temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 30%, and deeply ploughing the soil by 30 cm;
2) applying a base fertilizer: applying a base fertilizer prepared by fermenting a microbial agent, straws, silkworm excrement and sheep manure according to the volume ratio of 1: 2: 4 to the deeply ploughed soil, wherein the application amount is 300 kg/mu;
3) ridging: ridging the soil with the base fertilizer, wherein the height of each ridge is 10cm, and the ridge distance is 50 cm;
4) sowing and laminating: the seeds and the river sand are placed in a container in a layered mode, the water content of the river sand is kept to be 30% for 10 days in a ventilated environment, then the seeds are soaked in warm water at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 3 hours, the preprocessed quinoa seeds and cured millet are sowed on ridges according to the mass ratio of 1: 1, the sowing depth is 3cm, the spacing is 15cm, and films are covered;
5) field management, spraying lime water around the ridge, wherein the spraying amount of the lime water is 0.2L/m2In the 3-4 leaf stage of chenopodium quinoa seedling emergence, carrying out first weed cleaning, and pulling out weak seedlings and dense seedlings; and (4) performing secondary weed cleaning to pull out weak seedlings and dense seedlings when the quinoa seedlings emerge from 5-6 leaf stages.
Example 2
The chenopodium quinoa willd precision sowing planting method comprises the following steps:
1) land selection and deep ploughing: selecting soil with the average temperature of 32 ℃ and the humidity of 20%, and deeply ploughing the soil by 32 cm;
2) applying a base fertilizer: applying a base fertilizer prepared by fermenting a microbial agent, straws, silkworm excrement and sheep manure according to the volume ratio of 2: 4: 5 to the deeply ploughed soil, wherein the application amount is 280 kg/mu;
3) ridging: ridging the soil with the base fertilizer, wherein the height of each ridge is 12cm, and the ridge distance is 48 cm;
4) sowing and laminating: the seeds and the river sand are placed in a container in a layered mode, the water content of the river sand is kept to be 28% for 10 days in a ventilated environment, then the seeds are soaked in warm water at the temperature of 20 ℃ for 3 hours, the preprocessed quinoa seeds and cured millet are sowed on ridges according to the mass ratio of 1: 1, the sowing depth is 2cm, the spacing is 14cm, and films are covered;
5) field management, spraying lime water around the ridge, wherein the spraying amount of the lime water is 0.3L/m2In the 3-4 leaf stage of chenopodium quinoa seedling emergence, carrying out first weed cleaning, and pulling out weak seedlings and dense seedlings; and (4) performing secondary weed cleaning to pull out weak seedlings and dense seedlings when the quinoa seedlings emerge from 5-6 leaf stages.
Example 3
The chenopodium quinoa willd precision sowing planting method comprises the following steps:
1) land selection and deep ploughing: selecting soil with the average temperature of 27 ℃ and the humidity of 22%, and deeply ploughing the soil by 34 cm;
2) applying a base fertilizer: applying a base fertilizer prepared by fermenting a microbial agent, straws, silkworm excrement and sheep manure according to the volume ratio of 3: 4: 6 to the deeply ploughed soil, wherein the application amount is 250 kg/mu;
3) ridging: ridging on the soil with the base fertilizer, wherein the height of each ridge is 14cm, and the ridge distance is 46 cm;
4) sowing and laminating: the seeds and the river sand are placed in a container in a layered mode, the water content of the river sand is kept to be 24% for 10 days in a ventilated environment, then the seeds are soaked in warm water at the temperature of 22 ℃ for 3 hours, the preprocessed quinoa seeds and cured millet are sowed on ridges according to the mass ratio of 1: 1, the sowing depth is 3cm, the spacing is 12cm, and films are covered;
5) field management, spraying lime water around the ridge, wherein the spraying amount of the lime water is 0.24L/m2In the 3-4 leaf stage of seedling emergence of quinoa, the first weed cleaning is implemented, and weak seedlings are pulled outAnd dense seedlings; and (4) performing secondary weed cleaning to pull out weak seedlings and dense seedlings when the quinoa seedlings emerge from 5-6 leaf stages.
Example 4
The chenopodium quinoa willd precision sowing planting method comprises the following steps:
1) land selection and deep ploughing: selecting soil with the average temperature of 28 ℃ and the humidity of 28%, and deeply ploughing the soil by 40 cm;
2) applying a base fertilizer: applying a base fertilizer prepared by fermenting a microbial agent, straws, silkworm excrement and sheep manure according to the volume ratio of 4: 6: 5: 7 to the deeply ploughed soil, wherein the application amount is 200 kg/mu;
3) ridging: ridging the soil with the base fertilizer, wherein the height of each ridge is 16cm, and the ridge distance is 40 cm;
4) sowing and laminating: the seeds and the river sand are placed in a container in a layered mode, the water content of the river sand is kept to be 20% for 10 days in a ventilated environment, then the seeds are soaked in warm water at the temperature of 21 ℃ for 3 hours, the preprocessed quinoa seeds and cured millet are sowed on ridges according to the mass ratio of 1: 1, the sowing depth is 3cm, the spacing is 10cm, and films are covered;
5) field management, spraying lime water around the ridge, wherein the spraying amount of the lime water is 0.26L/m2In the 3-4 leaf stage of chenopodium quinoa seedling emergence, carrying out first weed cleaning, and pulling out weak seedlings and dense seedlings; and (4) performing secondary weed cleaning to pull out weak seedlings and dense seedlings when the quinoa seedlings emerge from 5-6 leaf stages.
Example 5
The chenopodium quinoa willd precision sowing planting method comprises the following steps:
1) land selection and deep ploughing: selecting soil with the average temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 25%, and deeply ploughing the soil by 50 cm;
2) applying a base fertilizer: and applying a base fertilizer prepared by fermenting a microbial agent, straws, silkworm excrement and sheep manure according to the volume ratio of 3: 4: 5: 6 to the deeply ploughed soil, wherein the application amount is 220 kg/mu.
3) Ridging: ridging the soil with the base fertilizer, wherein the height of each ridge is 20cm, and the ridge distance is 42 cm;
4) sowing and laminating: the seeds and the river sand are placed in a container in a layered mode, the water content of the river sand is kept to be 25% for 10 days in a ventilated environment, then the seeds are soaked in warm water at the temperature of 23 ℃ for 3 hours, the preprocessed quinoa seeds and cured millet are sowed on ridges according to the mass ratio of 1: 1, the sowing depth is 2cm, the spacing is 13cm, and films are covered;
5) field management, spraying lime water around the ridge, wherein the spraying amount of the lime water is 0.2L/m2In the 3-4 leaf stage of chenopodium quinoa seedling emergence, carrying out first weed cleaning, and pulling out weak seedlings and dense seedlings; and (4) performing secondary weed cleaning to pull out weak seedlings and dense seedlings when the quinoa seedlings emerge from 5-6 leaf stages.
Counting the survival rate, the pest and disease incidence rate and the acre yield of quinoa seedlings under the sowing and planting method in the quinoa of the examples 1-5; and compared with the prior art chenopodium quinoa planting method (comparative example), the results are shown in table 1;
comparative example: preparing soil, deeply turning for 30cm, mechanically sowing at the sowing depth of 2cm, the row spacing of 20cm and the plant spacing of 25cm, cleaning weeds in the field, applying N, P, K compound fertilizer for 3 times in the whole growth period, and applying 200 kg/mu each time.
Survival rate (total number of survivors/total number of seedlings) × 100%
The incidence rate of the diseases and insect pests (the number of plants infected with the diseases and insect pests/the total number of the plants) is × 100%
TABLE 1
Figure BSA0000207928210000061
As can be seen from Table 1, the survival rate and the acre yield of the chenopodium quinoa linn are both remarkably improved and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is remarkably reduced by the planting method of the chenopodium quinoa linn in the embodiments 1 to 5.
Example 6
Quinoa was sown according to the method of example 5 and recorded as control 1;
the ridge spacing in example 5 was changed to 30cm and was recorded as test group 1;
the ridge spacing in example 5 was changed to 52cm and was recorded as test group 2;
counting the survival rate, insect pest incidence rate and acre yield of the quinoa in the control group 1, the test group 1 and the test group 2, and showing in a table 2;
TABLE 2
Figure BSA0000207928210000071
As can be seen from Table 2, the distance between two ridges influences the survival rate and yield of quinoa to a certain extent, and it can be easily seen that when the ridge distance is 42cm, the survival rate of quinoa seedlings is the highest, and the yield per mu is the highest.
Example 7
Quinoa was sown according to the method of example 5 and recorded as control 1;
the procedure of pretreatment of the seeds in example 5 was removed and recorded as test group 1;
the millet in example 5 was removed and recorded as test group 2;
counting the survival rate, insect pest incidence rate and acre yield of the quinoa in the control group 1, the test group 1 and the test group 2, and showing in a table 3;
TABLE 3
Figure BSA0000207928210000072
Figure BSA0000207928210000081
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. The quinoa precision sowing planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) land selection and deep ploughing: selecting soil suitable for growing chenopodium quinoa and deeply turning the soil by 30-50 cm;
2) applying a base fertilizer: applying base fertilizer to the deeply ploughed soil;
3) ridging: ridging the soil with the base fertilizer, wherein the height of each ridge is 10-20cm, and the ridge distance is 40-50 cm;
4) sowing and laminating: pretreating quinoa seeds, sowing the pretreated quinoa seeds on ridges, and covering films;
5) field management: spraying lime water around the ridges, and managing the quinoa in due time.
2. The fine seeding planting method for chenopodium quinoa willd according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the soil suitable for growing chenopodium quinoa willd is: the average temperature is 25-32 deg.C, and the humidity is 20-30%.
3. The quinoa fine sowing planting method according to claim 2, wherein in step 2), the base fertilizer is prepared by fermenting microbial agent, straw, silkworm excrement and sheep manure according to a volume ratio of 1-4: 2-6: 4-5: 4-8.
4. The quinoa precision seeding planting method according to claim 3, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is 200-300 kg/mu.
5. The quinoa precision seeding planting method according to claim 4, wherein the step 4) of pretreating quinoa seeds comprises the following steps: the seeds and the river sand are layered and placed in a container, the water content of the river sand is kept at 20-30% for 10 days in a ventilated environment, and then the seeds are soaked in warm water at 20-25 ℃ for 3 hours.
6. The fine-seeding quinoa planting method according to claim 5, wherein in the step 4), the quinoa is seeded at a depth of 2-3cm and a distance of 10-15 cm.
7. The fine seeding planting method for quinoa according to claim 6, wherein in step 5), the spraying amount of lime water is 0.2-0.3L/m2
8. The fine seeding planting method for quinoa according to claim 7, wherein in step 5), the timely management process of quinoa comprises:
in the 3-4 leaf stage of chenopodium quinoa seedling emergence, the first weed cleaning is carried out, and weak seedlings and dense seedlings are pulled out.
9. The fine-seeding quinoa planting method according to claim 8, wherein in step 5), the process of timely managing quinoa further comprises:
and (4) performing secondary weed cleaning to pull out weak seedlings and dense seedlings when the quinoa seedlings emerge from 5-6 leaf stages.
10. The fine-seeding quinoa planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in the step 4), when the quinoa is seeded, the quinoa and the cured millet are seeded together, and the mass ratio of the quinoa and the cured millet is 1: 1.
CN202010370270.7A 2020-04-29 2020-04-29 Quinoa precision sowing planting method Pending CN111436339A (en)

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