CN111420812A - Centrifugal machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical experimental equipment, and mainly relates to a centrifuge, comprising an outer machine and a centrifugal mechanism, wherein the centrifugal mechanism is installed in the outer machine, a cover is installed on the outer machine, and ultraviolet rays are installed in the cover A sterilization lamp and a disinfectant spray head, the disinfectant spray head is externally connected with a liquid inlet pipe, the centrifugal mechanism includes a casing, a motor and a centrifugal disc, a plurality of centrifugal tubes are tilted and hinged at the bottom of the centrifugal disc, and the casing and the motor base are A reclaiming ring is rotatably installed between them, and the reclaiming ring can be rotated. The reclaiming ring is provided with a through hole, and a sponge ring is installed in the through hole, which is used to solve the problem that the current centrifugal device can be centrifuged after centrifugation. Disinfection in the machine can better avoid the infection of operators, but it is impossible to take out the samples in time after the centrifugation, which leads to prolonged experimental time, low efficiency, and the problem of easily affecting the samples.

Description

a centrifuge

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical experimental equipment, in particular to a centrifuge.

Background technique

The medical centrifuge is a blood testing machine commonly used in the internal laboratory department of the hospital. The centrifuge is used to separate plasma, serum and precipitated proteins. Although there are many types and quantities of centrifuges on the market, they are widely used. There are still the following problems in the process of use; when dealing with some infectious samples, due to the leakage problem during the centrifugation process, the infectious virus spreads inside the centrifuge, and it is easy to open the centrifuge to take samples after centrifugation. As a result, the operator is infected, so more disinfection devices are added in the centrifuge. Although the centrifuge can be disinfected, the samples cannot be taken out in time after the centrifugation, resulting in prolonged experiment time and low efficiency. sample affects.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Based on the problems mentioned in the above background technology, the present invention provides a centrifuge, which is used to solve the problem that although the current centrifuge device can sterilize the centrifuge after centrifugation, it can better avoid the infection of operators, but it cannot be used in the centrifuge. Taking out the sample in time after the end of the experiment will prolong the experiment time and reduce the efficiency.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

A centrifuge includes an outer machine and a centrifugal mechanism, the centrifugal mechanism is installed in the outer machine, a cover is installed on the outer machine, and an ultraviolet sterilization lamp and a disinfectant spray head are installed in the cover. There is an external liquid inlet pipe, through which the disinfectant can be injected into the centrifuge mechanism through the nozzle, and the ultraviolet sterilization lamp can be used to sterilize the centrifuge after the centrifugation is completed, so as to avoid the spread of infectious substances in the specimen. The inside of the centrifuge causes harm to personnel when the cover is opened. A support is installed on the outer machine, a support rod is installed on the support, and a motor seat is installed on the support rod. The centrifugal mechanism includes: A casing, a motor and a centrifugal disc, the casing is provided with a motor seat, the motor seat is mounted on the support rod, the motor is mounted on the motor mounting seat, and the centrifugal disk is mounted on the output shaft of the motor, The centrifuge disc is provided with a plurality of installation holes, and the bottom of the centrifuge disc is inclined and hinged with a plurality of centrifuge tubes. The centrifuge tubes are used for placing sample test tubes. The centrifuge tubes include an upper tube body and a lower tube body. The lower tube body It is sleeved on the upper pipe body, the upper pipe body is provided with an upper iron block and a first hinge frame, the bottom of the centrifugal disc is installed with a magnetic block corresponding to the iron block, and the bottom of the centrifugal disc is provided with a second hinge The first hinged frame is hinged with the second hinged frame, a chute is provided on the casing, a traction frame is installed in the chute, and a spring is installed between the top of the traction frame and the casing, Both ends of the traction frame are respectively installed with a handle ring and a traction ring, the handle ring is sleeved on the outside of the casing, the traction ring is located inside the casing, and the upper pipe body is located in the traction ring, which is driven by the handle ring. The traction ring moves downward, and when the traction ring continues to move downward after contacting the inclined upper tube body, the magnetic block and the iron block can be forced to separate, so that the hinged centrifuge tube is free to fall and sag. Remaining groove, a reclaiming ring is rotatably installed between the casing and the motor base, the reclaiming ring can rotate, a through hole is opened on the reclaiming ring, and a sponge ring is installed in the through hole. After the through hole on the material ring is rotated to the corresponding position of the centrifuge tube, the corresponding lower tube body can be pulled out from the sponge ring, and the sample test tube can be taken out at the same time. The process sterilizes the lower tube body and the outer wall of the test tube, so that the sample test tube can be taken out without opening the cap after the centrifugation is completed, and there is no need to wait for the ultraviolet sterilization lamp and the disinfectant nozzle to completely sterilize the inner space of the centrifuge.

On the basis of above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention has also done following improvement:

Further, a mounting ring is integrally formed on the outer circumference of the motor base, and the inner and outer circumferences of the reclaiming ring are provided with clamping grooves. On the shell, a base ring is sleeved on the motor seat, the base ring is located on the upper part of the mounting ring, a receiving plate is integrally formed on the base ring, and a plurality of U-shaped notches are opened on the receiving plate at equal distances, so The number of the U-shaped notches is the same as the number of centrifuge tubes, the mounting ring is provided with an adjustment groove, the base ring is fixedly installed with a connecting rod, and an adjustment ring is installed on the connecting rod through the adjustment groove. After the centrifugation is completed, due to the uncertainty of the position of the centrifuge tube, it is inconvenient for the sponge ring to correspond to the position of the centrifuge tube when the centrifuge tube falls freely after the magnetic block and the iron block are separated. The lower end of the tube falls on the surface of the receiving plate or directly falls into the U-shaped notch for positioning. When the lower tube body needs to be taken out, the sponge ring can be rotated to the position of the U-shaped notch, and the operation can be performed without directly falling on the U-shaped notch. The centrifuge tube in the notch only needs to drive the base ring to rotate through the adjusting ring, so that the centrifuge tube falling on the receiving plate can be dropped into the notch of the U-shape.

Further, a plurality of positioning bars corresponding to the positions of the U-shaped notch are integrally formed on the adjustment ring, and a positioning rod is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the reclaiming ring. The good one corresponds to the position of the U-shaped notch, which is convenient for operation.

Further, the top end of the traction frame is fixedly installed with a limiting column, the top end of the chute is provided with a blind hole, and the limiting column is slidably penetrated in the blind hole. Through the limit column, the traction frame can only be lifted vertically in the chute, so as to avoid the deflection of the traction frame during the centrifugation process, which will cause the contact between the traction ring and the outer wall of the upper tube to produce high-speed friction and affect the sample.

Further, when the traction frame is located at the top of the chute, the traction ring does not contact the outer wall of the upper tube body, so as to avoid the deflection of the traction frame during the centrifugation process, which causes the traction ring to directly contact the outer wall of the upper tube and cause high-speed friction to affect the sample. .

Further, the longitudinal section of the lower pipe body is U-shaped, and a rubber ring is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the lower pipe body. The inserted test tube can be fixed by the rubber ring to avoid taking the test tube out when pulling out the lower tube body.

Further, the top end of the upper pipe body is provided with an annular groove, and a sealing gasket is installed in the annular groove. During the centrifugation process, a sealing gasket can be used to seal between the open end of the upper tube body and the centrifuge disc to avoid a large amount of leakage of infectious substances in the specimen through the open end of the upper tube body and the centrifuge disc.

Further, a connecting frame is fixedly installed at the bottom of the centrifugal disc, and a limit ring is fixedly installed at the end of the connecting frame. The cross-section of the limit ring is arc-shaped, and the inner ring of the limit ring is in contact with the iron block. The wall is in contact with the spherical surface of the lower tube body. When the test tube is placed in the centrifuge tube of the box, since the direction of most of the force is the axis direction of the centrifuge tube, the limit ring can better prevent the test tube from being placed in the test tube. At the same time, because the longitudinal section of the lower tube body is U-shaped, the spherical surface of the lower tube body is in contact with the arc surface of the limit ring to prevent the limit ring from affecting the free sagging of the centrifuge tube.

Further, the bottom end of the lower tube body is integrally formed with a tie rod, and the lower tube body can be pulled out by pulling the tie rod through the tie rod, so that it is not necessary to directly clamp the lower tube body for pulling, which is convenient for operation.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

Disinfectant can be injected through the liquid inlet pipe and sprayed into the centrifuge mechanism through the nozzle. With the ultraviolet sterilization lamp, the centrifuge can be sterilized and sterilized after the centrifugation is completed, so as to prevent the infectious substances in the specimen from spreading in the centrifuge and causing the machine to turn on. At the same time, in the process of sterilization after centrifugation, the through hole on the reclaiming ring can be rotated to the corresponding position of the centrifuge tube, and the corresponding lower tube body can be pulled out from the sponge ring. At the same time, the sample test tube will be taken out, and the disinfectant will be injected into the sponge ring, and the lower tube body and the outer wall of the test tube can be sterilized during the pulling process, so that the sample test tube can be taken out without opening the cover after centrifugation. There is no need to wait for the ultraviolet sterilization lamp and the disinfectant nozzle to completely sterilize the space in the centrifuge, saving the experiment time, and at the same time, the lower tube body can be cleaned, which makes the centrifuge easy to clean.

Description of drawings

The invention may be further illustrated by the non-limiting examples given in the accompanying drawings;

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a centrifuge in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section of a centrifuge in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the enlarged structure schematic diagram of A place in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is the enlarged structure schematic diagram at B in Fig. 2;

5 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal cross-sectional structure of some components in an embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section of an external machine in an embodiment of the present invention;

7 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the longitudinal section structure schematic diagram of the reclaiming ring in the embodiment of the present invention;

9 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section of a centrifuge tube in an embodiment of the present invention;

The main component symbols are explained as follows:

External unit 1, support 11, reserved groove 12, support rod 13, motor seat 14, mounting ring 141, adjustment groove 142, chute 15, cover 2, ultraviolet sterilization lamp 21, disinfectant nozzle 23, centrifugal mechanism 3. Case 31, motor 32, centrifugal disc 33, mounting hole 331, magnet block 332, connecting frame 333, limit ring 334, second hinge frame 335, traction frame 41, handle ring 42, traction ring 43, spring 44 , centrifugal tube 5, upper tube body 51, iron block 511, first hinge frame 512, annular groove 513, lower tube body 52, pull rod 521, rubber ring 53, base ring 61, receiving plate 62, U-shaped notch 621, connection Rod 64 , adjusting ring 65 , reclaiming ring 71 , clamping groove 72 , through hole 73 , sponge ring 74 , positioning rod 75 .

Detailed ways

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Example

As shown in Figures 1 to 9, a centrifuge of the present invention includes an outer machine 1 and a centrifugal mechanism 3, the centrifugal mechanism 3 is installed in the outer machine 1, the outer machine 1 is provided with a cover 2, and the cover 2 is installed inside There is an ultraviolet sterilization lamp 21 and a disinfectant nozzle 23. The disinfectant nozzle 23 is externally connected with a liquid inlet pipe. Through the liquid inlet pipe, the disinfectant can be injected into the centrifugal mechanism 3 through the nozzle 23. With the ultraviolet sterilization lamp 21, it can be used in the centrifugal mechanism 3. After completion, disinfect and sterilize the inside of the centrifuge to prevent the infectious substances in the specimen from spreading in the centrifuge and causing harm to personnel when the cover 2 is opened. A support rod 13 is installed, and a motor base 14 is installed on the support rod 13. The centrifugal mechanism 3 includes a casing 31, a motor 32 and a centrifugal disc 33. A motor base 14 is arranged in the casing 31, and the motor base 14 is installed on the support rod 13. , the motor 32 is installed on the motor mounting seat 14, the centrifugal disc 33 is installed on the output shaft of the motor 32, the centrifugal disc 33 is provided with a plurality of installation holes 331, the bottom of the centrifugal disc 33 is inclined and hinged with a plurality of centrifugal tubes 5, the centrifugal tubes 5 is used to place the sample test tube, the centrifuge tube 5 includes an upper tube body 51 and a lower tube body 52, the lower tube body 52 is sleeved on the upper tube body 51, and the upper tube body 51 is provided with an upper iron block 511 and a first hinged frame 512 The bottom of the centrifugal disc 33 is installed with a magnetic block 332 corresponding to the iron block 511, the bottom of the centrifugal disc 33 is provided with a second hinged frame 335, the first hinged frame 512 is hinged with the second hinged frame 335, and the casing 31 is provided with a sliding Slot 15, a traction frame 41 is installed in the chute 15, a spring 44 is installed between the top of the traction frame 41 and the casing 31, a handle ring 42 and a traction ring 43 are installed at both ends of the traction frame 41, and the handle ring 42 is set It is located outside the casing 31, the traction ring 43 is located inside the casing 31, and the upper tube body 51 is located in the traction ring 43. In order to avoid the deflection of the traction frame 41 during the centrifugation process, the traction ring 43 is in contact with the outer wall of the upper tube body 51. The high-speed friction has an impact on the sample. The top of the traction frame 41 is fixedly installed with a limit column, the top of the chute 15 is provided with a blind hole, and the limit column is slidably penetrated in the blind hole. At the top, the traction ring 43 is not in contact with the outer wall of the upper pipe body 51, so that the limiting column can only vertically lift the traction frame 41 in the chute 15, and the traction ring 43 is driven downward by the ring 42. After contacting with the inclined upper tube body 51 and continuing to move downward, the magnetic block 332 can be forced to separate from the iron block 511, so that the hinged centrifuge tube 5 can freely fall and sag. A reclaiming ring 71 is rotatably installed between the shell 31 and the motor base 14. The reclaiming ring 71 can rotate. The reclaiming ring 71 is provided with a through hole 73, and a sponge ring 74 is installed in the through hole 73. After the through hole 73 on the 71 is rotated to the corresponding position of the centrifuge tube 5, the corresponding lower tube body 52 can be pulled out from the sponge ring 74, and the sample test tube is taken out at the same time, and the disinfectant is injected into the sponge ring 74. In the process of pulling out, the lower tube body 52 and the outer wall of the test tube are sterilized, so that after the centrifugation After completion, the sample test tube can be taken out without opening the cover, and there is no need to wait for the ultraviolet sterilization lamp 21 and the disinfectant nozzle 23 to completely sterilize the space inside the centrifuge. The lower tube body 52 can be pulled out by pulling the pulling rod 521 when the lower tube body 52 is taken out through the pulling rod 521, so that the lower tube body 52 does not need to be directly clamped for pulling.

Specifically, a mounting ring 141 is integrally formed on the outer circumference of the motor base 14 , the inner circumference and the outer circumference of the reclaiming ring 71 are both provided with clamping grooves 72 , and the feeding ring 71 is respectively clamped on the installation ring 141 through the clamping grooves 72 . And on the casing 31, a base ring 61 is sleeved on the motor base 14, the base ring 61 is located on the upper part of the mounting ring 141, the base ring 61 is integrally formed with a receiving plate 62, and a plurality of U-shaped notches are opened on the receiving plate 62 at equal distances. 621, the number of U-shaped notches 621 is the same as the number of centrifuge tubes 5, the mounting ring 141 is provided with an adjusting groove 142, the base ring 61 is fixedly installed with a connecting rod 64, and the connecting rod 64 passes through the adjusting groove 142 is installed with an adjusting ring 65 . After the centrifugation is completed, since the position of the centrifuge tube 5 is uncertain, it is inconvenient for the sponge ring 74 to correspond to the position of the centrifuge tube 5 when the centrifuge tube 5 falls freely after the magnetic block 332 and the iron block 511 are separated. The receiving plate 62 The design can make the lower end of the falling centrifuge tube 5 fall on the surface of the receiving plate 62 or directly in the U-shaped notch 621 for positioning, and when the lower tube body 52 needs to be taken out, the sponge ring 74 can be rotated to the position of the U-shaped notch 621. To operate without directly falling on the centrifuge tube 5 dropped in the U-shaped notch 621, it is only necessary to drive the base ring 61 to rotate through the adjusting ring 65, and the centrifuge tube 5 that falls on the receiving plate 62 can be dropped on the receiving plate 62. Inside the U-shaped notch 621 . In order to better make the position of the sponge ring 74 correspond to the position of the U-shaped notch 621, a plurality of positioning bars 66 corresponding to the positions of the U-shaped notch 621 are integrally formed on the adjustment ring 65, and a positioning rod is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the reclaiming ring 71. 75, through the position of the positioning bar 66 and the positioning rod 75.

Specifically, the longitudinal section of the lower pipe body 52 is U-shaped, and the inner wall of the lower pipe body 52 is fixedly mounted with a rubber ring 53 . The inserted test tube can be fixed by the rubber ring 53 to avoid taking the test tube out when the lower tube body 52 is pulled out. During the centrifugation process, a sealing gasket can be used to seal between the open end of the upper tube body 51 and the centrifuge disc 33 to avoid a large amount of leakage of infectious substances in the specimen through the open end of the upper tube body 51 and the centrifuge disc 33 in the centrifuge disc 31 .

Specifically, a connecting frame 333 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the centrifugal disc 31 , and a limit ring 334 is fixedly installed at the end of the connecting frame 333 . When the test tube is put into the centrifuge tube 5 of the box, since the direction of most of the force is the axial direction of the centrifuge tube 5, the limit ring 334 can limit the position. It is better to prevent the magnetic block 332 from separating from the iron block 511 due to excessive force when placing the test tube. At the same time, since the longitudinal section of the lower tube body 52 is U-shaped, the spherical surface of the lower tube body 52 and the arc surface of the limit ring 334 are formed. contact to prevent the limiting ring 334 from affecting the free sagging of the centrifuge tube 5 .

When it needs to be used, first put the sample test tube that needs to be centrifuged into the centrifuge tube 5, and at the same time inject the disinfectant into the sponge ring 74, then close the cover 2 and start the motor 32 to drive the centrifuge disc 33 to rotate for centrifugation. Then, the disinfectant can be injected into the centrifuge through the liquid inlet pipe and sprayed into the centrifuge mechanism 3 through the nozzle 23. With the ultraviolet sterilization lamp 21, the centrifuge can be disinfected and sterilized after the centrifugation is completed, so as to prevent the infectious substances in the specimen from spreading in the centrifuge. Internally, it will cause harm to personnel when the open cover 2 is opened. At the same time of disinfection, the traction ring 43 is driven to move downward by the ring 42. After the traction ring 43 contacts the inclined upper pipe body 51, it continues to move downward. The magnetic block 332 can be forced to separate from the iron block 511, so that the hinged centrifuge tube 5 is free to fall and sag, and then the through hole 73 on the reclaiming ring 71 is rotated to the corresponding position of the centrifuge tube 5, and the sponge ring can be removed from the sponge ring. Pull out the corresponding lower tube body 52 in 74, take out the sample test tube, and put the lower tube body 52 back after taking out the test tube. 74 is filled with disinfectant, and the lower tube body 52 and the outer wall of the test tube can also be sterilized in the process of pulling out, so that the sample test tube can be taken out without opening the cover after the centrifugation is completed, and there is no need to wait for the ultraviolet sterilization lamp 21 and The disinfectant spray head 23 completely disinfects the space in the centrifuge.

The centrifuge provided by the present invention has been described in detail above. The description of the specific embodiment is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A centrifuge, comprising an outer machine (1) and a centrifugal mechanism (3), the centrifugal mechanism (3) is installed in the outer machine (1), and a cover (2) is installed on the outer machine (1) ), characterized in that: an ultraviolet sterilization lamp (21) and a disinfectant spray head (23) are installed in the cover (2), and the disinfectant spray head (23) is externally connected with a liquid inlet pipe, and the external machine (1) A support (11) is installed on the support, a support rod (13) is installed on the support (11), a motor seat (14) is installed on the support rod (13), and the centrifugal mechanism (3) includes a motor. A casing (31), a motor (32) and a centrifugal disc (33), the casing (31) is provided with a motor seat (14), the motor seat (14) is mounted on the support rod (13), the The motor (32) is installed on the motor mounting seat (14), the centrifugal disc (33) is installed on the output shaft of the motor (32), and the centrifugal disc (33) is provided with a plurality of installation holes (331), A plurality of centrifuge tubes (5) are tilted and hinged at the bottom of the centrifuge disc (33), and the centrifuge tubes (5) include an upper tube body (51) and a lower tube body (52), and the lower tube body (52) is sleeved The upper pipe body (51) is provided with an upper iron block (511) and a first hinged frame (512), and the bottom of the centrifugal disc (33) is installed with an iron block (511). ) corresponding magnetic block (332), the bottom of the centrifugal disc (33) is provided with a second hinge frame (335), the first hinge frame (512) is hinged with the second hinge frame (335), the machine The casing (31) is provided with a chute (15), a traction frame (41) is installed in the sliding groove (15), and a spring (41) is installed between the top end of the traction frame (41) and the casing (31). 44), a handle ring (42) and a traction ring (43) are respectively installed at both ends of the traction frame (41), the handle ring (42) is sleeved on the outside of the casing (31), and the traction ring ( 43) It is located inside the casing (31), and the upper pipe body (51) is located in the traction ring (43), the outer machine (1) is provided with a reserved groove (12), and the casing (31) A reclaiming ring (71) is rotatably installed between the reclaiming ring (71) and the motor base (14), a through hole (73) is formed on the reclaiming ring (71), and a sponge ring (74) is installed in the through hole (73). . 2 . The centrifuge according to claim 1 , wherein a mounting ring ( 141 ) is integrally formed on the outer circumference of the motor seat ( 14 ), and the inner circumference of the reclaiming ring ( 71 ) is the same as the inner circumference. 3 . The outer circumference is provided with a clamping groove (72), the reclaiming ring (71) is respectively clamped on the mounting ring (141) and the casing (31) through the clamping groove (72), and the motor seat (14) The upper sleeve is provided with a base ring (61), the base ring (61) is located on the upper part of the mounting ring (141), and a receiving plate (62) is integrally formed on the base ring (61), and the receiving plate (62) is on the A plurality of U-shaped notches (621) are provided at equal distances, and the number of the U-shaped notches (621) is the same as the number of the centrifuge tubes (5). A connecting rod (64) is fixedly installed on the base ring (61), and an adjusting ring (65) is installed on the connecting rod (64) through the adjusting groove (142). 3 . The centrifuge according to claim 2 , wherein a plurality of positioning bars ( 66 ) corresponding to the positions of the U-shaped notch ( 621 ) are integrally formed on the adjusting ring ( 65 ). A positioning rod (75) is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the material ring (71). 4 . The centrifuge according to claim 3 , wherein a limit column is fixedly installed at the top of the traction frame ( 41 ), a blind hole is opened at the top of the chute ( 15 ), and the limit The column slides through the blind hole. 5. A centrifuge according to claim 4, characterized in that: when the traction frame (41) is located at the top of the chute (15), the traction ring (43) is not in contact with the outer wall of the upper pipe body (51). touch. 6. A centrifuge according to claim 1, characterized in that: the longitudinal section of the lower pipe body (52) is U-shaped, and a rubber ring (53) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the lower pipe body (52). ). 7 . The centrifuge according to claim 6 , wherein an annular groove ( 513 ) is formed at the top of the upper pipe body ( 51 ), and a sealing gasket is installed in the annular groove ( 513 ). 8 . 8 . The centrifuge according to claim 7 , wherein a connecting frame ( 333 ) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the centrifugal disc ( 31 ), and a limit ring is fixed at the end of the connecting frame ( 333 ). 9 . (334), the section of the limit ring (334) is arc-shaped, and when the magnet block (332) is in contact with the iron block (511), the inner ring wall of the limit ring (334) is in contact with the lower tube body (52). spherical contact. 9 . The centrifuge according to claim 8 , wherein a tie rod ( 521 ) is integrally formed at the bottom end of the lower pipe body ( 52 ). 10 .

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