CN111418300A - A method of cultivating spruce - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of plant breeding, in particular to a method for cultivating spruce. The specific technical scheme is as follows: in the mature season of spruce seeds, select a mature spruce mother plant that is healthy and free from diseases and insect pests, pick spruce cones, collect surface soil from the roots of each mother plant, and dry the seeds in the cones. Dry, air-dry the soil; place the sun-dried seeds in a freezer at ‑18°C and deposit for at least 6 months; take out the deposited seeds, let them stand at room temperature, and thaw naturally; soak the seeds in the seed soaking solution, Take out after soaking at room temperature for 24 hours; rinse the seeds with distilled water, and carry out germination culture; when more than half of the seeds appear green leaves, start to water the seed soaking solution, and water once every 5 days. The cultivation method of the invention can significantly improve the germination rate of spruce seeds, improve the survival rate of spruce seedlings and the ability to adapt to the environment, thereby reducing the time and cost of raising seedlings and enhancing the economic benefits of artificially planting spruce.

Description

A method of cultivating spruce

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of plant breeding, in particular to a method for cultivating spruce.

Background technique

Spruce (Picea asperata) is a precious tree species unique to my country, mainly distributed in southwestern Shaanxi, eastern Gansu, Bailong River Basin, Tao River Basin, upper Minjiang River Basin in Sichuan and Jinchuan Basin. The spruce tree has tall and straight trunks and excellent wood material. It is an important wood fiber industrial raw material in the national economic construction. It is also an important building group tree species of the largest ecological public welfare forest in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. It is practiced in the restoration of natural secondary forests in the southwest high mountains. and important role in scientific research.

However, the growth of spruce in natural forests is slow, the 30-year-old plants begin to bear fruit, and the 40-60-year-old plants enter the peak fruiting period. At the same time, its seed germination rate is low, and the seedling survival rate is lower. When encountering the snow and ice environment in winter, the possibility of the seedlings successfully overwintering is extremely low. Therefore, in ecological restoration afforestation and scientific research, artificial cultivation is often used to help spruce seeds germinate and take root.

The existing artificial cultivation method has extensive management. After the 1-2-year-old seedlings are planted in the wild, the survival rate is between 20 and 40%. The rooting rate is low, it is easy to be infected with bacteria, and the growth of seedlings is weak.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a spruce cultivation method with simple operation, high seed germination rate and strong seedlings.

In order to achieve the above purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a spruce cultivation method, the spruce seeds are deposited in a -18°C environment for more than 6 months, and then the spruce seeds are used for germination.

Preferably, after the deposited spruce seeds are soaked in the seed soaking solution, the spruce seeds are used for germination.

Preferably, the seed soaking solution includes at least a micro-fertilizer extract, and the micro-fertilizer extract is a water-soaked extract of dry micro-fertilizer particles; The compost obtained from the mixture of wood chips, the deposit number of the Aspergillus fumigatus strain F7 is: CGMCC NO.17195.

Preferably, the seed soaking solution includes allocin.

Preferably, the method includes the following steps:

(1) In the mature season of spruce seeds, select a mature spruce mother plant with healthy growth and no pests and diseases, pick spruce cones, and collect surface soil from the root of each mother plant, and dry the seeds in the cones. air dry the soil;

(2) Place the sun-dried seeds in a -18°C freezer and deposit for at least 6 months;

(3) Take out the deposited seeds, stand at room temperature, and thaw naturally;

(4) soaking the seeds treated in step (3) in the seed soaking solution, soaking at room temperature for 24h and taking out;

(5) rinse the seeds soaked in step (4) with distilled water, and carry out sprouting culture;

(6) When more than half of the seeds appear green leaves, start watering the seed soaking solution, and water it once every 5 days.

Preferably, in step (3), after the seeds are thawed, they are soaked and disinfected with a 0.5% mass fraction of potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes, then rinsed with distilled water, and then step (4) is performed.

Preferably, the seed soaking solution is a mixed solution of micro-fertilizer leaching solution and elicitor solution.

Preferably, the micro-fertilizer extract is a water-soaked extract of dry micro-fertilizer particles; the dry micro-fertilizer particles are derived from compost obtained by fermenting a mixture of mushroom residue and wood chips by using Aspergillus fumigatus strain F7. The deposit number is: CGMCC NO.17195.

Preferably, in the seed soaking solution, the dosage ratio of the micro-fertilizer extraction solution and the inducer solution is 1:1; the concentration of the inducer is 1-3 mg/L.

Preferably, in step (5), the germination culture environment is: humidity 60-75%, day and night alternate for 12h/12h; day temperature 20°C, night temperature 15°C; daytime light intensity is 5200Lx.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention adopts the method of ultra-low temperature deposition for the first time, which significantly improves the germination rate of spruce seeds, and with the increase of storage time, the germination rate remains almost unchanged; The germination index and germination rate of spruce seeds make the spruce seeds have high vigor and the ability to complete germination quickly. The total biomass, root length and root thickness reflect the growth of spruce seedlings. The root system is developed and the body is sturdy, which indirectly improves the survival rate of spruce seedlings and the ability to adapt to the environment, thereby reducing the time and cost of seedlings. Economic benefits of growing spruce.

Detailed ways

The invention provides a method for artificially cultivating spruce, which specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) Collection of seeds and soil. In the mature season of spruce seeds, choose a mature spruce mother plant that grows healthy and has no pests and diseases. The cones were picked, and 1 kg of topsoil was collected near each parent plant. Air dry the cones to remove most pathogenic bacteria. The seeds are then sieved out for use. At the same time, the topsoil was air-dried before use.

(2) Low temperature deposition of seeds. The seeds were soaked in distilled water for ten minutes, during which the dried seeds and impurities floating on the water surface were removed. Then the soaked seeds were sieved, placed in a ventilated place indoors, and dried naturally. The dried seeds were sealed in ziplock bags and placed in a -18°C freezer for at least 6 months to achieve the purpose of releasing seed dormancy.

(3) Take out the deposited seeds and place them in a beaker, let stand for 30 minutes at room temperature to thaw naturally, then soak and disinfect with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes, and then rinse with distilled water for use.

(4) Soak the seeds treated in step (3) in the seed soaking solution, soak them at room temperature for 24 hours, and then take them out.

The seed soaking solution includes at least a micro-fertilizer extract, preferably a mixed solution of micro-fertilizer extract and elicitor solution. The micro-fertilizer leaching solution is the leaching solution of phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizer granules. In the phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizer granules, the content of available potassium is greater than or equal to 1.5% (w/w), and the available phosphorus is greater than or equal to 0.1% (w/w). The micro-fertilizer extract used in the present invention is the soaking extract of dry micro-fertilizer particles. The dry micro-fertilizer granules are mushroom residue sawdust compost obtained from the patent (a cellulose-degrading Aspergillus fumigatus strain F7 and its inoculum preparation and use, 201910573751.5) invented by Mr. Huang Jun from the Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The dry micro-fertilizer particles contain 42.7% carbon, 3.79% total nitrogen, 0.15% available phosphorus, 0.72% total phosphorus, 1.63% available potassium and 1.90% total potassium. The types of nutrients contained in the micro-fertilizer extract are the same as those of the dry micro-fertilizer particles. In the seed soaking solution, the micro-fertilizer extract is preferably 20% micro-fertilizer extract. The preparation method of the 20% micro-fertilizer extract is as follows: placing 20 g of dry micro-fertilizer particles in 100 mL of distilled water, stirring evenly, and soaking at 20-25° C. for 24-48 hours. Use sterile double-layer cotton gauze to filter the supernatant, then use qualitative filter paper to filter, and the liquid obtained after filtration is 20% micronutrient extract. In the seed soaking solution, the involucin solution preferably has a concentration of 1.2 mg/L (manufacturer: Sichuan Lomon Fusheng Technology Co., Ltd.; model: S-involucin; active ingredient content: 0.006%). The preparation method of the 1.2 mg/L involucin solution is as follows: 10 mL of the involucrin solution with a mass concentration of 0.03% is mixed evenly with 500 mL of distilled water.

(5) Rinse the seeds soaked in step (4) with distilled water, and place them on absorbent cotton moistened with distilled water. The absorbent cotton was placed in a container, and germinated and cultivated in an artificial climate box (model: Tester RGX400E) in an environment with a humidity of 60-75%. Day (8:00～20:00) and night (20:00～8:00) alternate for 12h/12h; day temperature is 20℃, night temperature is 15℃; daytime light intensity is 5200Lx, and night light intensity is OLx. A small amount of distilled water is added several times a day. The supplement standard is: absorbent cotton is kept in a moist state; until the seed germinates (the radicle length is equal to the seed length, and the embryo length is at least half the length of the seed, it is regarded as the seed germination).

(6) When more than half of the seeds appear green leaves (when the seed shell that wraps the leaves falls off), start watering the seed soaking solution. And from then on to the last measurement (45d of germination), watering was performed every 5d during the period, and the single watering amount was enough to keep the absorbent cotton in a relatively moist state.

(7) After the seed root system grows into a transplantable seedling (55-65 days after germination), the seedling is transplanted into a small flower pot. The diameter of the small flower pot is 10±3 cm, and the high-temperature sterilized soil in situ (the soil obtained in step (1)) is housed inside. The transplanted seedlings are put into the artificial climate box of step (5) again, and cultivated under the same conditions of step (5) for 30±5 days. After cultivating until the spruce leaves and stems were firm, the incubator was removed and the cultivation was continued in a glass greenhouse (room temperature with natural light). Cultivated to a plant height of about 7-10cm, and the stems were obviously turned brown, and then transplanted into the soil.

The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Example 1: Demonstration of the effect of low temperature deposition on seed germination

1. The spruce seeds used in this example are from the western Sichuan region. In October 2017, 15 mature spruce mother plants with healthy growth and no pests and diseases were selected from natural forests in Lixian, Wenchuan and Maoxian counties, the cones were picked, and 1kg of topsoil was collected near each mother plant.

2. According to the above method, after drying, drying, soaking and selecting various seeds, they are sealed in ziplock bags and randomly divided into 2 groups, each group is divided into 4 bags, and each bag is set with 150 seeds (30 × 5 seeds). Repeat), and excess seeds were placed in large ziplock bags and refrigerated in a -18°C freezer. Group 1 was stored in a dry place at room temperature (15-30°C) in the laboratory. Group 2 was stored in a dry environment at -18°C under the same conditions. Then every 6 months, 1 bag of seeds in groups 1 and 2 were taken out respectively, placed in a beaker and allowed to stand at room temperature for 30 min to thaw naturally, and then germination experiments were carried out under the same treatment. The specific germination experiment is as follows: soak the stored seeds with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes, then rinse them with distilled water, soak them in clean water for 24 hours, and place them on absorbent cotton soaked with distilled water. germination below.

3. The germination results are shown in Table 1. Germination rate is an important indicator to measure the quality of seeds, which can show the activity of seed embryos. Seeds with high germination rate have higher emergence rate. (Germination rate = the number of germinated seeds at the end of germination/the number of tested seeds × 100%, and the continuous reaching of the highest germination number in each treatment is regarded as the end of germination.)

Table 1 The germination rate of each group of seeds at different times

group 2018.4 (0.5 year) 2018.10 (1 year) 2019.4 (1.5 years) 2019.10 (2 years) Group 1 52% 5% 2% 0 group 2 89% 87% 88% 90%

Generally speaking, with the prolongation of storage time, the germination rate of seeds will gradually decrease. The germination rate of group 1 was consistent with this pattern. In contrast to group 2, the germination rate was greatly improved after low temperature deposition. At the same time, with the prolongation of storage time, the germination rate did not decrease significantly, but maintained almost the same trend. The inventor also found in the preliminary test that the spruce seeds preserved by the present invention still have a germination rate of about 90% after being preserved for 3 years.

Because the germination rate of seeds stored for 6 months at -18°C is similar to that of seeds stored for 2 years, it is sufficient to store them for 6 months in actual production. Seeds kept at -18°C for 2 years were used in subsequent examples.

Example 2: Effect display of different seed soaking solutions on seed germination and seedling growth

1. Take out the seeds stored at -18°C for 2 years in Example 1, soak and disinfect with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes, and then rinse with distilled water. The various seeds were then divided into 9 groups of 30 seeds each. Including 8 treatment groups, the seeds of each group were completely immersed in the following seed soaking solution, and then taken out after soaking for 24 hours. At the same time, the CK group was set up. The seed soaking solution of the CK group was the same amount of distilled water, and the other conditions were the same. Seed soaking solutions of each group are shown in Table 2. Among them, in the concentration of the micro-fertilizer extract, 10% micro-fertilizer extract refers to the supernatant of this concentration obtained by soaking 10 g of dry micro-fertilizer particles in 100 mL of distilled water, and so on. The 0.6mg/L, 1.2mg/L and 2.4mg/L dactin solutions were obtained by mixing 10mL dactin solution with a mass fraction of 0.03% and 1000mL, 500mL and 250mL of distilled water, respectively. In the mixed seed soaking solution, the micro-fertilizer extraction solution and the inductin solution are mixed in equal volumes (that is, the volume ratio of the two is 1:1).

Table 2 Composition of each group of seed soaking solution

group Whether to add micro-fertilizer extract Micro-fertilizer extract concentration Whether to add bait Allocin concentration Group 1 Yes 10% no / group 2 Yes 20% no / group 3 Yes 30% no / Group 4 no / Yes 0.6mg/L Group 5 no / Yes 1.2mg/L Group 6 no / Yes 2.4mg/L Group 7 Yes 20% Yes 1.2mg/L Group 8 Yes 20% Yes 2.4mg/L CK no / no /

2. Rinse the soaked seeds with distilled water and place them on absorbent cotton moistened with distilled water. The absorbent cotton was placed in a container, and budding was carried out in an artificial climate box (model: Tester RGX400E) under a humidity of 60-75%. Day (8:00～20:00) and night (20:00～8:00) alternate for 12h/12h; day temperature is 20℃, night temperature is 15℃; daytime light intensity is 5200Lx, and night light intensity is OLx. A small amount of distilled water is added several times a day. The supplement standard is: absorbent cotton is kept in a moist state; until the seed germinates (the radicle length is equal to the seed length, and the embryo length is at least half the length of the seed, it is regarded as the seed germination).

When more than half of the seeds appear green leaves (the seed shells that wrap the leaves fall off), start watering the seed soaking solution. And from then on to the last measurement (45d of germination), watering was performed every 5d during the period, and the single watering amount was enough to keep the absorbent cotton in a relatively moist state.

3. The germination of each group is shown in Table 3. Among them, the germination potential (the number of germinated seeds at the peak germination period/the number of tested seeds × 100%, the germination peak period when the number of seeds germinated on that day reaches the maximum during the entire germination period) is used to measure the uniformity of seed emergence. The taller the seeds, the higher the uniformity of emergence. The calculation method of germination index is: GI=∑Gt/Dt, Gt is the germination number of seeds on the t day (including the current day), and Dt is the corresponding seed germination days. The germination index is used to measure the germination ability and vigor of spruce seeds; the higher the germination index, the higher the vigor. The calculation method of germination rate is: MGR=1/∑[(D×n)/∑n], D refers to the time for calculating the number of germinated seeds each time, in days, starting from the beginning of seed sowing (0 days). ); n is the number of germinated seeds in the D-th count, and ∑n is the total number of germinated seeds. The germination rate is used to measure the germination speed of spruce seeds. The higher the rate, the faster the germination.

Table 3 germination situation display table of each group

group Germination potential (%) Germination rate (%) Germination index Germination rate Group 1 0.48±0.19 0.88±0.06 13.25±0.96 0.098±0.003 group 2 0.43±0.2 0.83±0.07 12.22±1.22 0.098±0.002 group 3 0.38±0.12 0.78±0.05 10.38±0.8 0.096±0.008 Group 4 0.43±0.14 0.88±0.04 13.06±2.24 0.1±0.007 Group 5 0.42±0.24 0.91±0.05 14.54±0.36 0.1±0.004 Group 6 0.62±0.15 0.92±0.04 12.26±1.07 0.095±0.004 Group 7 0.54±0.24 0.89±0.06 8.59±0.98 0.083±0.008 Group 8 0.47±0.16 0.87±0.03 8.99±1.24 0.086±0.003 CK 0.57±0.14 0.90±0.03 12.18±1.2 0.097±0.004

4. When more than half of the seeds appear green leaves (the seed husk covering the leaves falls off), start watering the seed soaking solution. And from then on to the last measurement (45d of germination), watering was performed once every 5d, and the single watering amount was enough to keep the absorbent cotton in a relatively moist state. The biomass and root growth of each group are shown in Tables 4, 5, and 6.

Table 4. Root system display table of each group (25 days)

Table 5. Root system display table of each group (35 days)

Table 6. Root system display table of each group (45 days)

It can be seen from the above table and data that after low-temperature deposition, the germination and rooting of seeds have reached a relatively excellent level. After soaking the seeds after low-temperature deposition, the germination and rooting effects of seeds are comparable to those of the group without seed soaking. However, the inventor found in further research that the seeds of groups 7 and 8 grew fibrous roots at 45 days, while the other groups and the CK group did not grow fibrous roots. It is proved that the combined seed soaking step can help the seedlings quickly adapt to the adversity and grow vigorously.

Claims (10)

1. A method for cultivating spruce is characterized in that: depositing the spruce seeds in an environment of-18 ℃ for more than 6 months, and then using the spruce seeds for germination.

2. The method for cultivating spruce according to claim 1, characterized in that: soaking the deposited spruce seeds in a seed soaking solution, and then using the spruce seeds for germination.

3. The method for cultivating spruce according to claim 2, characterized in that: the seed soaking liquid comprises a trace fertilizer leaching liquid, and the trace fertilizer leaching liquid is a water soaking extracting liquid of dry trace fertilizer particles; the dry micro-fertilizer granules are obtained from compost obtained by fermenting a mushroom residue and wood chip mixture by using an aspergillus fumigatus strain F7, wherein the preservation number of the aspergillus fumigatus strain F7 is as follows: CGMCC NO. 17195.

4. The method for cultivating spruce according to claim 2, characterized in that: the seed soaking liquid comprises abscisic acid.

5. The method for cultivating spruce according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting healthy and disease and pest free spruce stock plants in the strong period in the spruce seed maturation season, picking spruce cone, collecting surface soil at the root of each stock plant, drying the seeds in the cone in the sun, and drying the soil in the air;

(2) placing the dried seeds in a freezer at-18 deg.C, and depositing for at least 6 months;

(3) taking out the deposited seeds, standing at room temperature, and naturally thawing;

(4) soaking the seeds treated in the step (3) in a seed soaking liquid for 24 hours at room temperature, and then taking out;

(5) washing the seeds soaked in the step (4) with distilled water, and performing germination culture;

(6) when more than half of the seeds have green leaves, irrigating the seed soaking liquid for 1 time every 5 days.

6. The method for cultivating spruce according to claim 5, wherein: in the step (3), after the seeds are unfrozen, soaking and disinfecting the seeds for 15min by using a potassium permanganate solution with the mass fraction of 0.5%, then washing the seeds clean by using distilled water, and then performing the step (4).

7. The method for cultivating spruce according to claim 6, wherein: the seed soaking liquid is a mixed solution of a micro-fertilizer leaching liquid and an abscisic acid solution.

8. The method for cultivating spruce according to claim 7, wherein: the micro-fertilizer leaching liquor is water-soaked extracting liquor of dry micro-fertilizer particles; the dry micro-fertilizer granules are obtained from compost obtained by fermenting a mushroom residue and wood chip mixture by using an aspergillus fumigatus strain F7, wherein the preservation number of the aspergillus fumigatus strain F7 is as follows: CGMCC NO. 17195.

9. The method for cultivating spruce of claim 7, wherein in the seed soaking liquid, the volume ratio of the microelement fertilizer leaching liquid to the abscisic acid solution is 1:1, and the abscisic acid concentration is 1-3 mg/L.

10. The spruce cultivation method according to claim 5, wherein in step (5), the germination cultivation environment is humidity 60-75%, day and night alternate 12h/12h, day temperature 20 ℃, night temperature 15 ℃, and day illumination intensity 5200L x.