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CN111403479B - HEMT devices with multi-metal gate structures and their fabrication methods - Google Patents

HEMT devices with multi-metal gate structures and their fabrication methods

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Publication number
CN111403479B
CN111403479B CN202010204549.8A CN202010204549A CN111403479B CN 111403479 B CN111403479 B CN 111403479B CN 202010204549 A CN202010204549 A CN 202010204549A CN 111403479 B CN111403479 B CN 111403479B
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metal
gate
layer
gate electrode
electrode
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CN111403479A (en
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王洪
高升
刘晓艺
胡文龙
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South China University of Technology SCUT
Zhongshan Institute of Modern Industrial Technology of South China University of Technology
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South China University of Technology SCUT
Zhongshan Institute of Modern Industrial Technology of South China University of Technology
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/132690 priority patent/WO2021189923A1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10DINORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
    • H10D30/00Field-effect transistors [FET]
    • H10D30/40FETs having zero-dimensional [0D], one-dimensional [1D] or two-dimensional [2D] charge carrier gas channels
    • H10D30/47FETs having zero-dimensional [0D], one-dimensional [1D] or two-dimensional [2D] charge carrier gas channels having 2D charge carrier gas channels, e.g. nanoribbon FETs or high electron mobility transistors [HEMT]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10DINORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
    • H10D30/00Field-effect transistors [FET]
    • H10D30/01Manufacture or treatment
    • H10D30/015Manufacture or treatment of FETs having heterojunction interface channels or heterojunction gate electrodes, e.g. HEMT
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10DINORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
    • H10D30/00Field-effect transistors [FET]
    • H10D30/60Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
    • H10D30/67Thin-film transistors [TFT]
    • H10D30/6729Thin-film transistors [TFT] characterised by the electrodes
    • H10D30/6737Thin-film transistors [TFT] characterised by the electrodes characterised by the electrode materials
    • H10D30/6738Schottky barrier electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10DINORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
    • H10D30/00Field-effect transistors [FET]
    • H10D30/60Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
    • H10D30/67Thin-film transistors [TFT]
    • H10D30/674Thin-film transistors [TFT] characterised by the active materials
    • H10D30/675Group III-V materials, Group II-VI materials, Group IV-VI materials, selenium or tellurium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10DINORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
    • H10D62/00Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
    • H10D62/80Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
    • H10D62/85Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group III-V materials, e.g. GaAs
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10DINORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
    • H10D64/00Electrodes of devices having potential barriers
    • H10D64/20Electrodes characterised by their shapes, relative sizes or dispositions 
    • H10D64/27Electrodes not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched, e.g. gates
    • H10D64/311Gate electrodes for field-effect devices
    • H10D64/411Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10DINORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
    • H10D64/00Electrodes of devices having potential barriers
    • H10D64/60Electrodes characterised by their materials
    • H10D64/64Electrodes comprising a Schottky barrier to a semiconductor

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Abstract

The invention discloses a HEMT device with a multi-metal gate structure and a preparation method thereof. The device comprises AlGaN/GaN epitaxy, two ends of the upper surface of the AlGaN/GaN epitaxy are respectively connected with a source electrode and a drain electrode, a gate electrode is arranged on the source electrode and the drain electrode near the source electrode side, a first layer of metal X of the gate electrode is deposited in an electron beam evaporation mode, a second layer of metal Y of the gate electrode is deposited in a magnetron sputtering mode, the work function of the second layer of metal Y of the gate electrode is higher than that of the first layer of metal X, photoetching is not needed, and a metal structure contacted with (Al) GaN formed after the stripping of the gate electrode is Y/X/Y. The multi-metal gate structure is contacted with (Al) GaN, so that an electric field is redistributed, an electric field peak value of a gate edge close to a drain electrode is reduced, breakdown voltage of the device is improved, and meanwhile, a lower electric field peak value of the gate edge weakens electrons injected into the gate to form a virtual gate effect, current collapse of the device is reduced, and dynamic performance of the device is improved.

Description

HEMT device with multi-metal gate structure and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of semiconductors, in particular to a HEMT device with a multi-metal gate structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
GaN materials are widely used in high-frequency power amplifiers, high-voltage power switches and other occasions because of the characteristics of high electron mobility, low on-resistance, excellent heat dissipation capability, high breakdown and the like. The breakdown voltage of the current GaN-based HEMT device is far from reaching the theoretical limit value (3.4 MV/cm) of GaN materials, the device is easy to break down between gate and drain, and how to reduce the high electric field peak value near the gate edge at one side of the drain is beneficial to improving the breakdown voltage of the device. The most common approach is to use a gate field plate or source field plate to adjust the electric field distribution so as to reduce the high electric field peaks near the gate edge on the drain side. On the other hand, the virtual gate effect due to gate injection electrons exacerbates the impact on device current collapse, making the device exhibit poor performance under stress conditions. Passivation processes are commonly used to reduce the surface state on barrier layers, suppress current collapse (r.hao, et al, IEEE Electron Device lett.,2017, 38 (11)), and field plate processes are used to modulate the electric field, thereby reducing the surface state (h. Hanawa, et al, IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium proceedings, 2013). A scholars (a.k. VISVKARMA, et Al, semiconductor, sci. technology, 2019, 34 (10)) realizes a double-layer gate metal process by changing the angle of electron beam deposition, forms a double-contact interface of a Ni/(Al) GaN gate and a Ti/(Al) GaN gate, changes the electric field distribution of the gate edge, and improves the breakdown voltage and the dynamic performance of the device.
Current devices for depositing metals are typically electron beam evaporation or magnetron sputtering. The magnetron sputtering device mainly uses argon ions to bombard the target material to sputter atoms of the material to the surface of the wafer, and the electron beam evaporation device mainly uses heating to melt the material, and after the material reaches the boiling point, particles of the material are separated from the surface of the material one by one to reach the surface of the wafer. For magnetron sputtering equipment, the sputtering distance is short, mainly related to collision among particles, and an average free path of particle movement is considered, similar to a point light source, and the angles among the particles are large, so that the area of the material sputtered on the surface of the wafer is larger than a defined photoetching window, while the cavity for electron beam evaporation is long, similar to a parallel light source, and the metal material is evaporated vertically on the surface of the wafer.
In summary, the dual-layer gate metal process helps to improve the breakdown voltage and dynamic performance of the device. However, the above-mentioned method of changing the angle of the electron beam deposition is difficult to control precisely and has poor reproducibility.
Disclosure of Invention
The HEMT device with the multi-metal gate structure is provided, a first layer metal X prepared by utilizing an electron beam is completely wrapped by a second layer metal Y prepared by utilizing magnetron sputtering, a YXY metal gate structure is formed, electric field distribution is regulated, electric field peaks near the gate edge of a drain electrode are reduced, breakdown voltage of the device is improved, and meanwhile, the influence of grid injection electrons on current collapse of the device by a grid electrode is weakened by the lower electric field peaks near the gate edge, and dynamic performance of the device is improved.
The object of the invention is achieved by at least one of the following technical solutions.
The invention provides a HEMT device with a multi-metal gate structure, which comprises AlGaN/GaN epitaxy, wherein two ends of the upper surface of the AlGaN/GaN epitaxy are respectively connected with source and drain electrodes, the source and drain electrodes are close to a source side and are provided with gate electrodes, a first layer of metal X of the gate electrodes is deposited in an electron beam evaporation mode, a second layer of metal Y of the gate electrodes is deposited in a magnetron sputtering mode, the work function of the second layer of metal Y of the gate electrodes is higher than that of the first layer of metal X, no extra photoetching step is needed, and the metal structure contacted with (Al) GaN formed after the stripping of the gate electrodes is Y/X/Y.
The invention adopts a method combining electron beam and magnetron sputtering, realizes the multi-metal gate structure Y/X/Y after metal stripping, does not need to change the angle of electron beam deposition, only adopts a traditional deposition mode for electron beam and magnetron sputtering, has repeatability, and compared with the double-layer gate metal process, the method based on the invention realizes the three-layer gate metal process.
The HEMT device with the multi-metal gate structure comprises an AlGaN/GaN epitaxy, a source electrode, a drain electrode and a gate electrode, wherein two ends of the upper surface of the AlGaN/GaN epitaxy are respectively connected with the source electrode and the drain electrode, the gate electrode is connected with the upper surface of the AlGaN/GaN epitaxy and comprises a first layer of metal X and a second layer of metal Y, and the metal structure contacted with (Al) GaN formed after the gate electrode is stripped is Y/X/Y.
The HEMT device with the multi-metal gate structure provided by the invention is an AlGaN/GaN HEMT device.
Further, the length of the second layer metal Y at two sides of the first layer metal X is 0.5-1 mu m.
Further, the two layers of metal Y completely encapsulate the first layer of metal X.
Further, the gate electrode to source distance is smaller than the gate electrode to drain distance, i.e. the source drain electrode is arranged close to the source side.
The invention provides a method for preparing the HEMT device with the multi-metal gate structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Defining a source-drain electrode window on AlGaN/GaN epitaxy, preparing a source-drain electrode and annealing to form ohmic contact;
(2) Defining a gate electrode photoetching window, and preparing a multi-metal gate structure Y/X/Y to obtain the HEMT device with the multi-metal gate structure.
Further, the photoetching window of the gate electrode in the step (2) is designed to be 1-2 mu m.
Further, in the step (2) of the multi-metal gate structure Y/X/Y, the first layer of metal X is deposited by electron beam evaporation, the second layer of metal Y is deposited by magnetron sputtering, and the thickness of the second layer of metal Y is greater than that of the first layer of metal X.
Further, in the multi-metal gate structure Y/X/Y in the step (2), the first metal layer X is one of Ni, ti, tiN and the second metal layer Y is one of Cu, W, ni and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:
The multi-metal grid electrode prepared by utilizing the electron beam and the magnetron sputtering does not need an extra photoetching step, the second metal Y prepared by the magnetron sputtering completely wraps the first metal X prepared by the electron beam, a multi-metal grid structure Y/X/Y is formed, electric field distribution is regulated, an electric field peak value near the grid edge of a drain electrode is reduced, breakdown voltage of a device is improved, meanwhile, a virtual grid effect formed by electron injection of the grid electrode is weakened by the lower electric field peak value at the grid edge, and by testing C-V characteristics, the saturation capacitance (158 pF) of the device of a corresponding W/TiN/W structure is reduced by 13.9% compared with the device (136 pF) of the TiN structure at the test frequency of 10KHz, and the dynamic performance of the device is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an epitaxial layer of a GaN-based HEMT device prior to fabrication of source-drain contact electrodes in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment device structure after source-drain electrodes are fabricated and annealed to form ohmic contacts;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a device structure after forming a gate electrode according to an embodiment;
fig. 4 is a capacitance data diagram of a HEMT device with a multi-metal gate structure and a TiN structure device prepared in example 2;
In the figure, alGaN/GaN is epitaxially grown on 1, source/drain electrode 2, and gate electrode 3.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to further illustrate the practice of the invention, but are not intended to limit the practice and protection of the invention. It should be noted that the following processes, if not specifically described in detail, can be realized or understood by those skilled in the art with reference to the prior art.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a HEMT device with a multi-metal gate structure, as shown in fig. 3, the device comprises an AlGaN/GaN epitaxy 1, two ends of the upper surface of the AlGaN/GaN epitaxy are respectively connected with a source-drain electrode 2, the source-drain electrode 2 is close to a source side and provided with a gate electrode 3, a first layer of metal Ti of the gate electrode 3 is deposited in an electron beam evaporation mode, a second layer of metal Ni of the gate electrode 3 is deposited in a magnetron sputtering mode, no extra photolithography step is needed, and a metal structure which is formed after the gate electrode 3 is stripped and is in contact with (Al) GaN is Ni/Ti/Ni. G-1 in FIG. 3 represents a first layer of metal and G-2 represents a second layer of metal.
The embodiment also provides a method for preparing the HEMT device with the multi-metal gate structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Defining a source-drain electrode window on AlGaN/GaN epitaxy (an epitaxial layer before preparing a source-drain contact electrode is shown in figure 1), preparing a source-drain electrode 2 and annealing to form ohmic contact, as shown in figure 2;
(2) Defining a gate electrode 3 photoetching window to prepare a multi-metal gate structure Ni/Ti/Ni, as shown in fig. 3, wherein the gate photoetching window of the HEMT device is designed to be 1 mu m, the length of a second layer of metal Ni on two sides of a first layer of metal Ti is 0.7 mu m, the thickness of the first layer of metal Ti is 50nm, the thickness of the second layer of metal Ni is 250nm, and the second layer of metal Ni completely wraps the first layer of metal Ti, so that the HEMT device with the multi-metal gate structure is obtained.
The HEMT device with the multi-metal gate structure prepared in embodiment 1 has good dynamic performance and low saturation capacitance, and can be shown by referring to fig. 4.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a HEMT device with a multi-metal gate structure, as shown in fig. 3, the device comprises an AlGaN/GaN epitaxy 1, two ends of the upper surface of the AlGaN/GaN epitaxy are respectively connected with a source-drain electrode 2, the source-drain electrode 2 is close to a source side and provided with a gate electrode 3, a first layer of metal TiN of the gate electrode 3 is deposited in an electron beam evaporation mode, a second layer of metal W of the gate electrode 3 is deposited in a magnetron sputtering mode, no extra photolithography step is needed, and a metal structure which is formed after the gate electrode 3 is stripped and is in contact with (Al) GaN is W/TiN/W.
The embodiment also provides a method for preparing the HEMT device with the multi-metal gate structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Defining a source-drain electrode window on AlGaN/GaN epitaxy 1, preparing a source-drain electrode 2 and annealing to form ohmic contact, as shown in figure 2;
(2) Defining a gate electrode 3 photoetching window to prepare a multi-metal gate structure W/TiN/W, as shown in figure 3, wherein the gate photoetching window of the HEMT device is designed to be 1 mu m, in the metal structure W/TiN/W formed after stripping of the gate electrode, the length of a second layer of metal W on two sides of a first layer of metal TiN is 0.5 mu m, the thickness of the first layer of metal TiN is 50nm, the thickness of the second layer of metal W is 200nm, and the second layer of metal W completely wraps the first layer of metal TiN, so that the HEMT device with the multi-metal gate structure is obtained.
Fig. 4 is a C-V characteristic comparison chart of the HEMT device (W/TiN/W) with the multi-metal gate structure prepared in example 2, only showing the corresponding capacitance data at the test frequency of 10KHz, and it can be seen that the device with the W/TiN/W structure has a lower saturation capacitance value than the device with the TiN structure.
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are merely for illustrating the present invention, not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art should not be able to make any changes, substitutions, modifications and the like without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1.一种制备具有多金属栅结构的HEMT器件的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:1. A method for fabricating a HEMT device with a multi-metal gate structure, characterized by comprising the following steps: (1)在AlGaN/GaN外延上定义源漏电极窗口,制备源漏电极并进行退火形成欧姆接触;(1) Define source and drain electrode windows on AlGaN/GaN epitaxy, prepare source and drain electrodes and anneal them to form ohmic contacts; (2)定义栅电极光刻窗口,制备多金属栅结构Y/X/Y,得到所述具有多金属栅结构的HEMT器件;所述多金属栅结构Y/X/Y中,第一层金属X采用电子束蒸发方式沉积,第二层金属Y采用磁控溅射方式沉积;且第二层金属Y的厚度要大于第一层金属X的厚度;所述多金属栅结构Y/X/Y中,第一层金属X为Ni、Ti、TiN中的一种,第二层金属Y为Cu、W、Ni中的一种;(2) Define the gate electrode photolithography window, fabricate a multi-metal gate structure Y/X/Y, and obtain the HEMT device with the multi-metal gate structure; in the multi-metal gate structure Y/X/Y, the first metal layer X is deposited by electron beam evaporation, and the second metal layer Y is deposited by magnetron sputtering; and the thickness of the second metal layer Y is greater than the thickness of the first metal layer X; in the multi-metal gate structure Y/X/Y, the first metal layer X is one of Ni, Ti, and TiN, and the second metal layer Y is one of Cu, W, and Ni; 所述具有多金属栅结构的HEMT器件包括:AlGaN/GaN外延、源漏电极及栅电极;所述AlGaN/GaN外延上表面的两端分别连接源漏电极;所述栅电极与AlGaN/GaN外延上表面连接;所述栅电极包含第一层金属X和第二层金属Y;所述栅电极剥离后形成的与(Al)GaN接触的金属结构为Y/X/Y;所述第一层金属X两侧的第二层金属Y的长度为0.5-1 μm;所述二层金属Y完全包裹住了第一层金属X;所述栅电极到源极的距离小于栅电极到漏极的距离。The HEMT device with a multi-metal gate structure includes: an AlGaN/GaN epitaxial layer, source/drain electrodes, and a gate electrode; the source/drain electrodes are respectively connected to the two ends of the upper surface of the AlGaN/GaN epitaxial layer; the gate electrode is connected to the upper surface of the AlGaN/GaN epitaxial layer; the gate electrode includes a first metal layer X and a second metal layer Y; the metal structure formed after the gate electrode is stripped and in contact with (Al)GaN is Y/X/Y; the length of the second metal layer Y on both sides of the first metal layer X is 0.5-1 μm; the second metal layer Y completely encapsulates the first metal layer X; the distance from the gate electrode to the source is less than the distance from the gate electrode to the drain. 2.根据权利要求1所述的具有多金属栅结构的HEMT器件的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述栅电极的光刻窗口设计为1-2 μm。2. The method for fabricating a HEMT device with a multi-metal gate structure according to claim 1, wherein the photolithographic window of the gate electrode in step (2) is designed to be 1-2 μm.
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CN113725287B (en) * 2021-07-21 2023-05-05 中山市华南理工大学现代产业技术研究院 Low-temperature gold-free ohmic contact GaN-based HEMT device and preparation method thereof
CN114927566B (en) * 2022-02-18 2025-07-25 中山市华南理工大学现代产业技术研究院 GaN-based HEMT gold-free ohmic contact electrode based on Ti/Al/Ni/Cu and preparation method thereof
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