CN111400968A - Method for constructing compressible two-phase flow interface condition under curve coordinate system - Google Patents
Method for constructing compressible two-phase flow interface condition under curve coordinate system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于计算流体力学技术领域,具体涉及一种曲线坐标系下可压缩两相流界面条件构建方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of computational fluid mechanics, and in particular relates to a method for constructing interface conditions of a compressible two-phase flow in a curvilinear coordinate system.
背景技术Background technique
可压缩两相流界面运动产生的动力学特性对含液滴、气泡、弹塑性壁面的高速流场的研究具有非常重要的意义。高置信度的数值模拟作用日益增强,已经完全可以代替一些昂贵的、危险的、甚至难以实施的实验,大大降低研制成本,缩短研制周期,正在发挥越来越重要的作用。The dynamic characteristics of compressible two-phase flow interfacial motion are of great significance to the study of high-speed flow fields containing droplets, bubbles, and elastic-plastic walls. The role of high-confidence numerical simulation is increasing day by day, and it can completely replace some expensive, dangerous, and even difficult to implement experiments, greatly reducing the development cost and shortening the development cycle, and is playing an increasingly important role.
由于界面两侧不同流体的物性参数差异很大,如果将模拟单介质流体的数值格式直接应用于模拟多介质流体问题,数值不稳定可能会出现。尤其当激波等高度非线性波与界面作用时,界面附近很容易出现非物理振荡,甚至使得计算难以进行。虚拟流体方法将界面看成一类特殊的边界来处理,基于两相流黎曼问题解在界面附近的虚拟流场构建边界条件,可以避免界面附近的数值不稳定,也容易推广到多维。Since the physical parameters of different fluids on both sides of the interface are very different, if the numerical format for simulating single-medium fluids is directly applied to the simulation of multi-medium fluids, numerical instability may occur. Especially when highly nonlinear waves such as shock waves interact with the interface, non-physical oscillations are likely to occur near the interface, which even makes the calculation difficult. The virtual fluid method treats the interface as a special kind of boundary. Based on the solution of the two-phase flow Riemann problem, the boundary conditions are constructed in the virtual flow field near the interface, which can avoid numerical instability near the interface and is easy to generalize to multi-dimensional.
但是,上述技术主要应用于笛卡尔网格,目前无法在一般曲线坐标系下使用。However, the above techniques are mainly applied to Cartesian grids and cannot be used in general curvilinear coordinate systems at present.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明旨在提出一种曲线坐标系下可压缩两相流界面条件构建方法,基于坐标变换,将传统的笛卡尔坐标系下的水平集方法和虚拟流体方法进行推广,使之适用于一般曲线坐标系下不同流体界面演变的流场仿真,具有重要的应用价值。The present invention aims to propose a method for constructing compressible two-phase flow interface conditions in a curvilinear coordinate system. Based on coordinate transformation, the level set method and virtual fluid method in the traditional Cartesian coordinate system are extended to make them suitable for general curves. The flow field simulation of the evolution of different fluid interfaces in the coordinate system has important application value.
本发明的技术解决方案是:The technical solution of the present invention is:
一种曲线坐标系下可压缩两相流界面条件构建方法,包括步骤如下:A method for constructing compressible two-phase flow interface conditions in a curvilinear coordinate system, comprising the following steps:
1)根据每个物理网格节点符号距离函数φ的初始值,分别定义每种流体界面外的虚拟流体区域;两相邻流体的介质属性不同且两相邻流体互不相融;所述介质属性不同具体为:两相邻流体的速度、压力或密度至少一项不同;所述流体均为可压缩流体;所述虚拟流体区域包含界面附近另一种流体的3-5个物理网格节点;所述物理网格是利用网格生成软件对计算流场区域进行网格划分获得;1) According to the initial value of the signed distance function φ of each physical grid node, the virtual fluid area outside each fluid interface is respectively defined; the media properties of two adjacent fluids are different and the two adjacent fluids are incompatible with each other; the medium The different properties are as follows: at least one of the velocity, pressure or density of two adjacent fluids is different; the fluids are all compressible fluids; the virtual fluid region contains 3-5 physical mesh nodes of another fluid near the interface ; The physical grid is obtained by using grid generation software to mesh the computational flow field area;
2)利用一般曲线坐标系下的水平集方程,更新步骤1)所述符号距离函数φ的初始值,获得更新后的符号距离函数φ;2) utilize the level set equation under the general curvilinear coordinate system, update the initial value of the described symbolic distance function φ of step 1), obtain the updated symbolic distance function φ;
3)根据步骤2)所述更新后的符号距离函数φ,求解一般曲线坐标系下符号距离函数的重新初始化方程,直至获得重新初始化方程的稳定解,将稳定解作为修正后的符号距离函数φ;3) According to the updated signed distance function φ described in step 2), solve the reinitialization equation of the signed distance function under the general curvilinear coordinate system, until the stable solution of the reinitialized equation is obtained, and the stable solution is used as the revised signed distance function φ. ;
4)根据步骤3)所述修正的符号距离函数φ,更新流体界面位置信息;4) According to the modified signed distance function φ described in step 3), update the fluid interface position information;
5)根据步骤1)所述流体界面外的虚拟流体区域,对虚拟流体区域的每一个虚拟流体节点P,寻找界面另一侧真实流体区域的真实流体节点P’,使得虚拟流体节点P的界面单位法向量n与真实流体节点P’的界面单位法向量n′形成的夹角θ最小;所述每个节点的界面法向根据步骤1)所述符号距离函数φ的初始值确定;其中,θ=arccos(n·n′);5) According to the virtual fluid area outside the fluid interface in step 1), for each virtual fluid node P in the virtual fluid area, find the real fluid node P' of the real fluid area on the other side of the interface, so that the interface of the virtual fluid node P is The angle θ formed by the unit normal vector n and the interface unit normal vector n' of the real fluid node P' is the smallest; the interface normal direction of each node is determined according to the initial value of the signed distance function φ in step 1); wherein, θ=arccos(n·n′);
6)将步骤5)所述虚拟流体节点P及其对应真实流体节点P’的速度场分别投影到界面法向,获得虚拟流体节点P和真实流体节点P’的界面法向速度un;6) Projecting the velocity field of the virtual fluid node P and its corresponding real fluid node P' in step 5) to the interface normal, respectively, to obtain the interface normal velocity u n of the virtual fluid node P and the real fluid node P';
7)根据步骤6)所述虚拟流体节点P和真实流体节点P’的界面法向速度un和虚拟流体节点P和真实流体节点P’对应的压力和密度,构造并求解界面法向上的两相流黎曼问题,获得界面压力pI、界面法向速度un,I和界面两侧密度ρIL,ρIR;7) According to the interface normal velocity u n of the virtual fluid node P and the real fluid node P' described in step 6) and the pressure and density corresponding to the virtual fluid node P and the real fluid node P', construct and solve the two equations in the interface normal direction. Phase flow Riemann problem, obtain the interface pressure p I , the interface normal velocity u n,I and the density on both sides of the interface ρ IL ,ρ IR ;
8)根据步骤7)所述界面压力pI、界面法向速度un,I和界面两侧密度ρIL,ρIR,定义虚拟流体节点P的界面条件即虚拟流体状态;8) According to the interface pressure p I , the interface normal velocity u n,I and the density ρ IL , ρ IR on both sides of the interface described in step 7), define the interface condition of the virtual fluid node P, that is, the virtual fluid state;
9)重复步骤5)~8),直至获得每种流体虚拟流体区域的所有虚拟流体节点P的界面条件。9) Repeat steps 5) to 8) until the interface conditions of all virtual fluid nodes P of each fluid virtual fluid region are obtained.
10)根据步骤9)所述界面条件为当前计算时刻的界面条件,对于下一计算时刻界面条件的构建,重复步骤1)~9)。10) According to step 9), the interface condition is the interface condition at the current calculation time, and steps 1) to 9) are repeated for the construction of the interface condition at the next calculation time.
步骤2)所述一般曲线坐标系下的水平集方程,具体为:Step 2) the level set equation under the general curvilinear coordinate system, specifically:
φt+Uφξ+Vφη+Wφζ=0;φ t +Uφ ξ +Vφ η +Wφ ζ =0;
U=ξxu+ξyv+ξzw;U=ξ x u+ξ y v+ξ z w;
V=ηxu+ηyv+ηzw;V=η x u+η y v+η z w;
W=ζxu+ζyv+ζzw;W= ζxu + ζyv + ζzw ;
其中,φt表示符号距离函数φ对时间t的偏导数,t表示时间,U,V,W为每个节点的流体逆变速度;u,v,w是每个节点的流体速度;(x,y,z)表示流场的物理网格坐标,可以利用网格生成软件对计算流场区域进行网格划分,获得每个节点的x,y,z坐标值;(ξ,η,ζ)表示将物理网格坐标由一般曲线坐标系转换到笛卡尔坐标系所获得的计算网格坐标;ξx,ξy,ξz,ηx,ηy,ηz,ζx,ζy,ζz是计算网格的度量系数,表示计算网格坐标ξ,η,ζ对物理网格坐标x,y,z的偏导数,通常用中心差分计算;φξ、φη和φζ表示符号距离函数φ对计算网格坐标ξ,η,ζ的偏导数,可以根据选取的格式精度进行差分离散。Among them, φ t represents the partial derivative of the signed distance function φ with respect to time t, t represents time, U, V, W are the fluid reversal velocities of each node; u, v, w are the fluid velocities of each node; (x , y, z) represents the physical grid coordinates of the flow field, and the calculation flow field area can be meshed by grid generation software to obtain the x, y, z coordinate values of each node; (ξ, η, ζ) Represents the computational grid coordinates obtained by transforming the physical grid coordinates from the general curvilinear coordinate system to the Cartesian coordinate system; z is the metric coefficient of the calculation grid, which represents the partial derivatives of the calculation grid coordinates ξ, η, ζ to the physical grid coordinates x, y, z, usually calculated by the central difference; φ ξ , φ η and φ ζ represent the signed distance The partial derivatives of the function φ with respect to the calculated grid coordinates ξ, η, ζ can be differentially discretized according to the selected format accuracy.
步骤3)所述一般曲线坐标系下符号距离函数的重新初始化方程,具体为:Step 3) The reinitialization equation of the signed distance function under the general curvilinear coordinate system, specifically:
a=ξxηx+ξyηy+ξzηz,b=ξxζx+ξyζy+ξzζz,c=ηxζx+ηyζy+ηzζz;a=ξ x η x +ξ y η y +ξ z η z , b=ξ x ζ x +ξ y ζ y +ξ z ζ z , c=η x ζ x +η y ζ y +η z ζ z ;
其中,τ表示伪时间,ε为每个节点所在物理网格的边长;φ0表示重新初始化之前的符号距离函数值。Among them, τ represents the pseudo-time, ε is the side length of the physical grid where each node is located; φ 0 represents the value of the signed distance function before reinitialization.
步骤5)所述一般曲线坐标系下界面附近节点的单位法向量n,具体为:Step 5) The unit normal vector n of the nodes near the interface under the general curvilinear coordinate system, specifically:
步骤6)所述一般曲线坐标系下界面附近节点的界面法向速度un,具体为:Step 6) The interface normal velocity u n of the nodes near the interface in the general curvilinear coordinate system, specifically:
步骤8)所述基于获得的界面压力pI、界面法向速度un,I和界面两侧密度ρIL,ρIR,定义虚拟流体节点P的界面条件的方法,具体为:Step 8) The method for defining the interface conditions of the virtual fluid node P based on the obtained interface pressure p I , the interface normal velocity u n,I and the density on both sides of the interface ρ IL , ρ IR , specifically:
如果虚拟流体节点P对应的符号距离函数φ小于0,则If the signed distance function φ corresponding to the virtual fluid node P is less than 0, then
如果虚拟流体节点P对应的符号距离函数φ大于0,则If the signed distance function φ corresponding to the virtual fluid node P is greater than 0, then
其中,上标*表示虚拟流体。ρ*表示虚拟流体的密度,p*表示虚拟流体的压力;u*、v*和w*表示虚拟流体速度;L表示流体符号距离函数φ小于0的节点;R表示流体符号距离函数φ大于0的节点;令H=L或R,uH、vH、wH和UH、VH、WH分别为真实流体节点P’的流体速度和流体逆变速度。where the superscript * denotes virtual fluid. ρ * represents the density of the virtual fluid, p * represents the pressure of the virtual fluid; u * , v * and w * represent the virtual fluid velocity; L represents the node where the fluid signed distance function φ is less than 0; R represents the fluid signed distance function φ greater than 0 node; let H=L or R, u H , v H , w H and U H , V H , W H be the fluid velocity and fluid reversal velocity of the real fluid node P', respectively.
本发明与现有技术相比,其优点和创新性主要体现在以下几个方面:Compared with the prior art of the present invention, its advantages and innovations are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1)本发明将传统的笛卡尔坐标系下的水平集方程及其重新初始化方程推广到一般曲线坐标系下,原则上适用于在任意结构网格下表征界面动态位置信息;1) The present invention extends the level set equation and its re-initialization equation under the traditional Cartesian coordinate system to the general curvilinear coordinate system, and is suitable for characterizing the interface dynamic position information under any structural grid in principle;
2)本发明将虚拟流体方法在笛卡尔坐标系下构建界面条件的流程推广到一般曲线坐标系下,原则上可以应用于常规的CFD软件,使之具备模拟两相流动的能力;2) The present invention extends the process of constructing interface conditions by the virtual fluid method under the Cartesian coordinate system to the general curvilinear coordinate system, which can be applied to conventional CFD software in principle, so that it has the ability to simulate two-phase flow;
3)本发明采用坐标变换法设计了界面条件表达形式,适用于在复杂外形下基于曲线网格对可压缩两相流界面问题求解。3) The present invention adopts the coordinate transformation method to design the expression form of the interface condition, which is suitable for solving the interface problem of compressible two-phase flow based on the curve grid under the complex shape.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为两相流场界面问题从物理空间到计算空间的坐标变换示意;Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the coordinate transformation from physical space to computational space for the interface problem of two-phase flow field;
图2为一般曲线坐标系下两相流场界面条件构建流程;Figure 2 shows the construction process of the interface conditions of the two-phase flow field in the general curvilinear coordinate system;
图3为一般曲线坐标系下虚拟流体区域的分布和节点的对应关系;Fig. 3 is the distribution of the virtual fluid area and the corresponding relationship of the nodes under the general curvilinear coordinate system;
图4为一般曲线坐标系下模拟水下爆炸问题的网格划分、1.0ms时刻数值纹影与笛卡尔坐标系下的结果对比;Figure 4 shows the mesh division of the simulated underwater explosion problem in the general curvilinear coordinate system, and the comparison of the numerical schlieren at 1.0ms time with the results in the Cartesian coordinate system;
图5为一般曲线坐标系下模拟水下爆炸问题的0.2ms与1.2ms时刻x=0轴线上密度分布与自研程序、文献在笛卡尔坐标系下的结果对比。Figure 5 shows the comparison of the density distribution on the x=0 axis at the time of 0.2ms and 1.2ms to simulate the underwater explosion problem in the general curvilinear coordinate system and the results of the self-developed program and the literature in the Cartesian coordinate system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
发动机燃烧室内气液混合、水下爆炸等研究难题均会涉及气泡/液滴的变形与塌陷、激波与界面相互作用等界面演变过程。一般情况下,计算区域或外形复杂,通常采用贴体划分网格的方式,网格一般不规则且非严格正交。需要建立一般曲线坐标系下的界面条件模型,利用界面条件模型进行两相流场计算,从而获得界面演变及失稳过程的仿真。Research problems such as gas-liquid mixing in engine combustion chambers and underwater explosions all involve interface evolution processes such as the deformation and collapse of bubbles/droplets, and the interaction between shock waves and interfaces. Under normal circumstances, the calculation area or shape is complex, and the mesh is usually divided according to the body. The mesh is generally irregular and not strictly orthogonal. It is necessary to establish the interface condition model in the general curvilinear coordinate system, and use the interface condition model to calculate the two-phase flow field, so as to obtain the simulation of the interface evolution and instability process.
本发明采用坐标变换法将两相流场界面附近物质状态和相关方程从物理空间(x,y,z)转换到计算空间(ξ,η,ζ),其坐标变换的二维示意如图1所示。一般曲线坐标系下,两相流场界面条件构建流程如图2所示,主要包括界面位置信息的获取和更新,及界面条件的定义两个方面。包括步骤如下:The present invention uses the coordinate transformation method to transform the state of matter and related equations near the interface of the two-phase flow field from the physical space (x, y, z) to the computational space (ξ, η, ζ). The two-dimensional schematic diagram of the coordinate transformation is shown in Figure 1 shown. In the general curvilinear coordinate system, the construction process of the interface conditions of the two-phase flow field is shown in Figure 2, which mainly includes the acquisition and update of the interface position information, and the definition of the interface conditions. Include the following steps:
1)根据每个物理网格节点符号距离函数φ的初始值,分别定义每种流体界面外的虚拟流体区域;两相邻流体的介质属性不同且两相邻流体互不相融;所述介质属性不同具体为:两相邻流体的速度、压力或密度至少一项不同;所述流体均为可压缩流体;所述虚拟流体区域包含界面附近另一种流体的3-5个物理网格节点;所述物理网格是利用网格生成软件对计算流场区域进行网格划分获得;1) According to the initial value of the signed distance function φ of each physical grid node, the virtual fluid area outside each fluid interface is respectively defined; the media properties of two adjacent fluids are different and the two adjacent fluids are incompatible with each other; the medium The different properties are as follows: at least one of the velocity, pressure or density of two adjacent fluids is different; the fluids are all compressible fluids; the virtual fluid region contains 3-5 physical mesh nodes of another fluid near the interface ; The physical grid is obtained by using grid generation software to mesh the computational flow field area;
2)利用一般曲线坐标系下的水平集方程,更新步骤1)所述符号距离函数φ的初始值,获得更新后的符号距离函数φ;2) utilize the level set equation under the general curvilinear coordinate system, update the initial value of the described symbolic distance function φ of step 1), obtain the updated symbolic distance function φ;
3)根据步骤2)所述更新后的符号距离函数φ,求解一般曲线坐标系下符号距离函数的重新初始化方程,直至获得重新初始化方程的稳定解,将稳定解作为修正后的符号距离函数φ;3) According to the updated signed distance function φ described in step 2), solve the reinitialization equation of the signed distance function under the general curvilinear coordinate system, until the stable solution of the reinitialized equation is obtained, and the stable solution is used as the revised signed distance function φ. ;
4)根据步骤3)所述修正的符号距离函数φ,更新流体界面位置信息;4) According to the modified signed distance function φ described in step 3), update the fluid interface position information;
5)根据步骤1)所述流体界面外的虚拟流体区域,对虚拟流体区域的每一个虚拟流体节点P,寻找界面另一侧真实流体区域的真实流体节点P’,使得虚拟流体节点P的界面单位法向量n与真实流体节点P’的界面单位法向量n′形成的夹角θ最小;所述每个节点的界面法向根据步骤1)所述符号距离函数φ的初始值确定;其中,θ=arccos(n·n′);5) According to the virtual fluid area outside the fluid interface in step 1), for each virtual fluid node P in the virtual fluid area, find the real fluid node P' of the real fluid area on the other side of the interface, so that the interface of the virtual fluid node P is The angle θ formed by the unit normal vector n and the interface unit normal vector n' of the real fluid node P' is the smallest; the interface normal direction of each node is determined according to the initial value of the signed distance function φ in step 1); wherein, θ=arccos(n·n′);
6)将步骤5)所述虚拟流体节点P及其对应的真实流体节点P’的速度场分别投影到界面法向,获得虚拟流体节点P和真实流体节点P’的界面法向速度un;6) Projecting the velocity field of the virtual fluid node P and its corresponding real fluid node P' described in step 5) to the interface normal direction, respectively, to obtain the interface normal velocity u n of the virtual fluid node P and the real fluid node P';
7)根据步骤6)所述虚拟流体节点P和真实流体节点P’的界面法向速度un和虚拟流体节点P和真实流体节点P’对应的压力和密度,构造并求解界面法向上的两相流黎曼问题,获得界面压力pI、界面法向速度un,I和界面两侧密度ρIL,ρIR;7) According to the interface normal velocity u n of the virtual fluid node P and the real fluid node P' described in step 6) and the pressure and density corresponding to the virtual fluid node P and the real fluid node P', construct and solve the two equations in the interface normal direction. Phase flow Riemann problem, obtain the interface pressure p I , the interface normal velocity u n,I and the density on both sides of the interface ρ IL ,ρ IR ;
8)根据步骤7)所述界面压力pI、界面法向速度un,I和界面两侧密度ρIL,ρIR,定义虚拟流体节点P的界面条件,即虚拟流体状态;8) According to the interface pressure p I , the interface normal velocity u n,I and the densities ρ IL , ρ IR on both sides of the interface described in step 7), define the interface condition of the virtual fluid node P, that is, the virtual fluid state;
9)重复步骤5)~8),直至获得每种流体虚拟流体区域的所有虚拟流体节点P的界面条件;9) Repeat steps 5) to 8) until the interface conditions of all virtual fluid nodes P in each fluid virtual fluid region are obtained;
10)根据步骤9)所述界面条件为当前计算时刻的界面条件,对于下一计算时刻界面条件的构建,重复步骤1)~9)。10) According to step 9), the interface condition is the interface condition at the current calculation time, and steps 1) to 9) are repeated for the construction of the interface condition at the next calculation time.
具体实施流程如下:The specific implementation process is as follows:
(I)界面位置信息的获取和更新(I) Acquisition and update of interface location information
(I-1)根据符号距离函数φ的取值,为每种流体定义界面外的虚拟流体区域。符号为负值(φ<0)的节点代表界面左侧的一种流体,符号为正值(φ>0)的节点代表界面右侧的另一种流体,符号为零(φ=0)的位置表示界面。界面外的虚拟流体区域一般跨过界面至少两个网格,与采用的数值格式有关。(I-1) According to the value of the signed distance function φ, define the virtual fluid area outside the interface for each fluid. A node with a negative sign (φ<0) represents a fluid on the left side of the interface, a node with a positive sign (φ>0) represents another fluid on the right side of the interface, and a node with a zero sign (φ=0) The location represents the interface. The virtual fluid region outside the interface generally spans at least two grids of the interface, depending on the numerical format used.
(I-2)求解一般曲线坐标系下的水平集方程:(I-2) Solve the level set equation in the general curvilinear coordinate system:
φt+Uφξ+Vφη+Wφζ=0φ t +Uφ ξ +Vφ η +Wφ ζ =0
U=ξxu+ξyv+ξzw;U=ξ x u+ξ y v+ξ z w;
V=ηxu+ηyv+ηzw;V=η x u+η y v+η z w;
W=ζxu+ζyv+ζzw;W= ζxu + ζyv + ζzw ;
其中,φt表示符号距离函数φ对时间t的偏导数,t表示时间,U,V,W为每个节点的流体逆变速度;u,v,w是每个节点的流体速度;(x,y,z)表示流场的物理网格坐标,可以利用网格生成软件对计算流场区域进行网格划分,获得每个节点的x,y,z坐标值;(ξ,η,ζ)表示将物理网格坐标由一般曲线坐标系转换到笛卡尔坐标系所获得的计算网格坐标;ξx,ξy,ξz,ηx,ηy,ηz,ζx,ζy,ζz是计算网格的度量系数,表示计算网格坐标ξ,η,ζ对物理网格坐标x,y,z的偏导数,通常用中心差分计算;φξ、φη和φζ表示符号距离函数φ对计算网格坐标ξ,η,ζ的偏导数,可以根据选取的格式精度进行差分离散。比如采用WENO格式构造左侧和右侧的离散导数值和然后取:Among them, φ t represents the partial derivative of the signed distance function φ with respect to time t, t represents time, U, V, W are the fluid reversal velocities of each node; u, v, w are the fluid velocities of each node; (x , y, z) represents the physical grid coordinates of the flow field, and the calculation flow field area can be meshed with grid generation software to obtain the x, y, z coordinate values of each node; (ξ, η, ζ) Represents the computational grid coordinates obtained by converting the physical grid coordinates from the general curvilinear coordinate system to the Cartesian coordinate system; z is the metric coefficient of the calculation grid, which represents the partial derivative of the calculation grid coordinates ξ, η, ζ to the physical grid coordinates x, y, z, usually calculated by the central difference; φ ξ , φ η and φ ζ represent the signed distance The partial derivatives of the function φ with respect to the calculated grid coordinates ξ, η, ζ can be differentially discretized according to the selected format accuracy. For example, using the WENO format to construct the discrete derivative values on the left and right sides and Then take:
对φη和φζ做类似的处理。Do similar processing for φ η and φ ζ .
(I-3)在一般曲线坐标系下重新初始化符号距离函数,即求解:(I-3) Reinitialize the signed distance function in the general curvilinear coordinate system, that is, solve:
a=ξxηx+ξyηy+ξzηz,b=ξxζx+ξyζy+ξzζz,c=ηxζx+ηyζy+ηzζz;a=ξ x η x +ξ y η y +ξ z η z , b=ξ x ζ x +ξ y ζ y +ξ z ζ z , c=η x ζ x +η y ζ y +η z ζ z ;
其中,τ表示伪时间,ε是一个小量,可以对应为每个节点所在物理网格的边长;φ0表示重新初始化之前的符号距离函数值;φξ、φη和φζ表示符号距离函数φ对计算网格坐标ξ,η,ζ的偏导数,可以根据选取的格式精度进行差分离散。比如采用WENO格式构造左侧和右侧的离散导数值和然后取Among them, τ represents pseudo-time, ε is a small quantity, which can correspond to the side length of the physical grid where each node is located; φ 0 represents the value of the signed distance function before re-initialization; φ ξ , φ η and φ ζ represent the signed distance The partial derivatives of the function φ with respect to the calculated grid coordinates ξ, η, ζ can be differentially discretized according to the selected format accuracy. For example, using the WENO format to construct the discrete derivative values on the left and right sides and then take
其中,对φη和φζ做类似的处理。in, Do similar processing for φ η and φ ζ .
(I-4)获得新时刻界面位置信息,φ=0的位置代表新时刻的界面位置。(I-4) Obtain the interface position information at the new time, and the position of φ=0 represents the interface position at the new time.
(II)界面条件的定义(II) Definition of Interface Conditions
对界面附近虚拟流体区域的每一个虚拟流体节点P:For each virtual fluid node P in the virtual fluid region near the interface:
(II-1)寻找界面另一侧真实流体区域的真实流体节点P’,使得虚拟流体节点P的界面单位法向量n与真实流体节点P’的界面单位法向量n′形成的夹角θ最小,见图3。其中,θ=arccos(n·n′),界面单位法向量表示成(II-1) Find the real fluid node P' in the real fluid region on the other side of the interface, so that the angle θ formed by the interface unit normal vector n of the virtual fluid node P and the interface unit normal vector n' of the real fluid node P' is the smallest , see Figure 3. Among them, θ=arccos(n·n′), the interface unit normal vector is expressed as
(II-2)将虚拟流体节点P和真实流体节点P’的速度场分别投影到界面法向,建立虚拟流体节点P和真实流体节点P’的界面法向速度un,(II-2) Project the velocity fields of the virtual fluid node P and the real fluid node P' to the interface normal respectively, and establish the interface normal velocities u n of the virtual fluid node P and the real fluid node P',
其中,脚标n表示界面法向。Among them, the subscript n represents the interface normal.
(II-3)基于获得的虚拟流体节点P和真实流体节点P’的界面法向速度un和其它流体状态,构造并求解界面法向上的两相流黎曼问题(II-3) Based on the obtained interface normal velocity u n of the virtual fluid node P and the real fluid node P' and other fluid states, construct and solve the two-phase flow Riemann problem in the interface normal direction
获得界面压力pI、界面法向速度un,I和界面两侧密度ρIL,ρIR。这里,Un=[ρ,ρun,En]T和分别表示界面法向上的守恒变量和通量。ρ是流体密度;p是流体压力;un是流体法向速度;是流体法向上的总能量,其中e为流体单位质量的内能。Un,L和Un,R是由位于界面位置nI处的物质界面分开的两种流体常值状态,下标L和R表示界面两侧位于虚拟流体节点P和真实流体节点P’的流体。L表示流场界面左侧(φ<0的节点),R表示流场界面右侧(φ>0的节点)。Obtain the interface pressure p I , the interface normal velocity u n,I and the density ρ IL ,ρ IR on both sides of the interface. Here, U n =[ρ,ρu n ,E n ] T and are the conserved variables and fluxes in the interface normal, respectively. ρ is the fluid density; p is the fluid pressure; u n is the fluid normal velocity; is the total energy normal to the fluid, where e is the internal energy per unit mass of the fluid. U n,L and U n,R are two fluid constant states separated by the material interface located at the interface position n I , and the subscripts L and R indicate that the two sides of the interface are located at the virtual fluid node P and the real fluid node P' fluid. L represents the left side of the flow field interface (nodes with φ<0), and R represents the right side of the flow field interface (nodes with φ>0).
(II-4)基于获得的界面压力pI、界面法向速度un,I和界面两侧密度ρIL,ρIR,定义虚拟流体节点P的界面条件(即虚拟流体状态):(II-4) Based on the obtained interface pressure p I , the interface normal velocity u n,I and the densities ρ IL ,ρ IR on both sides of the interface, define the interface conditions of the virtual fluid node P (that is, the virtual fluid state):
如果虚拟流体节点P对应的符号距离函数φ小于0,即虚拟流体节点P位于界面左侧,则:If the signed distance function φ corresponding to the virtual fluid node P is less than 0, that is, the virtual fluid node P is located on the left side of the interface, then:
如果虚拟流体节点P对应的符号距离函数φ大于0,即虚拟流体节点P位于界面右侧,则:If the signed distance function φ corresponding to the virtual fluid node P is greater than 0, that is, the virtual fluid node P is located on the right side of the interface, then:
这里,上标*表示虚拟流体。ρ*表示虚拟流体的密度,p*表示虚拟流体的压力;u*、v*和w*表示虚拟流体速度;L表示流体符号距离函数φ小于0的节点,即节点位于界面左侧,R表示流体符号距离函数φ大于0的节点,即节点位于界面右侧;令H=L或R,uH、vH、wH和UH、VH、WH分别为真实流体节点P’的流体速度和流体逆变速度。Here, the superscript * denotes virtual fluid. ρ * represents the density of the virtual fluid, p * represents the pressure of the virtual fluid; u * , v * and w * represent the virtual fluid velocity; L represents the node where the fluid sign distance function φ is less than 0, that is, the node is located on the left side of the interface, R represents The node with the fluid sign distance function φ greater than 0, that is, the node is located on the right side of the interface; let H=L or R, u H , v H , w H and U H , V H , WH are the fluid of the real fluid node P' respectively Velocity and Fluid Inversion Velocity.
图4和图5给出了应用本发明技术求解曲线坐标系下水下爆炸问题的数值结果。初始条件中,爆炸气体为p=1GPa、ρ=1250kg/m3,水为p=100kPa、ρ=1000kg/m3,空气为p=100kPa、ρ=1kg/m3,均处于静止状态。状态方程采用刚性气体状态方程p=(N-1)ρe-NB,对于气体N=1.4,B=0,对于水N=4.4,B=600MPa。图4将网格划分、1.0ms时刻数值纹影与自研程序在笛卡尔坐标系下的结果进行对比,图5将0.2ms与1.2ms时刻x=0轴线上密度分布结果与自研程序、文献(Hu et al,J.Comput.Phys.228(17)(2009)6572-6589)在笛卡尔坐标系下的结果进行对比。可以看出,尽管在曲线坐标系下网格划分与拓扑结构与笛卡尔坐标系完全不同,但是计算结果与自研程序、文献中的笛卡尔坐标系下的计算结果均吻合得很好。Figures 4 and 5 show the numerical results of solving the underwater explosion problem in the curvilinear coordinate system by applying the technology of the present invention. In the initial conditions, the explosion gas is p=1GPa, ρ=1250kg/m 3 , the water is p=100kPa, ρ=1000kg/m 3 , and the air is p=100kPa, ρ=1kg/m 3 , all in a static state. The state equation adopts the rigid gas state equation p=(N-1)ρe-NB, for gas N=1.4, B=0, for water N=4.4, B=600MPa. Figure 4 compares the results of grid division, numerical schlieren at 1.0ms and the results of the self-developed program in the Cartesian coordinate system. Literature (Hu et al, J. Comput. Phys. 228(17)(2009) 6572-6589) compares the results in the Cartesian coordinate system. It can be seen that although the grid division and topology in the curvilinear coordinate system are completely different from the Cartesian coordinate system, the calculation results are in good agreement with the calculation results in the Cartesian coordinate system in the self-developed program and the literature.
针对现有技术无法在一般曲线坐标系下使用的问题,本发明旨在将虚拟流体方法应用于一般曲线坐标系,通过坐标变换构造一般曲线坐标系下的可压缩两相流界面条件定义方式,实现对任意结构网格下的可压缩两相流数值仿真。该方法能够解决具有复杂外形的实际问题,具有重要的应用价值。Aiming at the problem that the prior art cannot be used in the general curvilinear coordinate system, the present invention aims to apply the virtual fluid method to the general curvilinear coordinate system, and construct a method for defining the interface conditions of the compressible two-phase flow in the general curvilinear coordinate system through coordinate transformation, Realize the numerical simulation of compressible two-phase flow under any grid structure. The method can solve practical problems with complex shapes and has important application value.
以上所述,仅为本发明最佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above is only the best specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Substitutions should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明未详细描述内容为本领域技术人员公知技术。The content not described in detail in the present invention is known to those skilled in the art.
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