CN111406741B - 乙晴作为土壤熏蒸化学药剂的应用及其施用方法 - Google Patents
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M21/00—Apparatus for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, e.g. weeds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/34—Nitriles
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种乙晴作为土壤熏蒸化学药剂的应用及其施用方法，涉及一种应用于农作物种植前的土壤熏蒸消毒处理的化学品及其混合物，特别是先盖地膜后将本发明涉及的化学品及其混合物滴灌施加于土壤中。管路将液体产品(土地净)导入膜内的滴灌带，均匀渗入土壤中，再挥发出主要成分的乙晴气体产生熏蒸作用。土壤湿度是手握成团，松开即散；地膜覆盖用开沟压边法(内侧压土)，密封好四边。本发明的目的在于避免使用剧毒且是化学武器原料的氯化苦作为熏蒸化学药剂而提供一种新的化学熏蒸药剂，同时采用地膜下施药剂的方式，避免化学熏蒸药剂在施药过程中的损耗和对作业人员的伤害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种应用于农作物种植前的土壤熏蒸消毒处理的化学品及其混合物，特别是先盖地膜后将本发明涉及的化学品及其混合物滴灌施加于土壤中。
背景技术
土壤消毒技术是在种植前，利用物理高温的方法和化学药剂熏蒸的方法对土壤处理，杀死病虫草害，给作物一个优良的生长环境，达到农作物增产和改善农作物品质的效果，同时减少生长期间的农药和肥料用量。最优的土壤熏蒸用化学药剂是溴甲烷。化学熏蒸药剂还有氯化苦、棉隆等。
中国最早应用土壤消毒技术在1994年，由以色列在连云港设厂生产溴甲烷并推广应用的，起先大量用在在烟草上，后来是草莓。大连染料厂90年代每年出口日本2000多吨氯化苦和生产氯化苦的中间体苦味酸2000多吨，后来逐步了解日本将氯化苦用于农业，1996年开始在国内推广；同时德国巴斯夫在山东蔬菜上推广棉隆。后来，嫁接苗技术在蔬菜上推广，土壤消毒技术在蔬菜上很少应用，基本上只在草莓和大姜上应用。氯化苦开始在人参上取得突破，并登记7、8种农产品，但在大姜和草莓上一直竞争不过溴甲烷。在保护臭氧层禁用溴甲烷的替代品选择中，氯化苦因效果比较接近溴甲烷而胜出，氯化苦借此良机成为第一位。
目前国内氯化苦用量在5000吨以下。大姜是主要应用。中国台湾用户在辣根种植前使用的是棉隆。氯化苦是采用注射法施于土壤中，然后盖膜,挥发成氯化苦气体产生作用；棉隆是人工手撒法拌入土中后盖膜，棉隆遇水分解出气体产生作用。氯化苦是催泪弹原料，属于联合国监控化学品且剧毒，中国于2020年以后禁止高毒农药用在食用农产品上。
在百度和360上均检索不到本发明的产品(土地净)的主要成分-乙晴用于土壤熏蒸的用途介绍，国内也无相关文献报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于避免使用剧毒且是化学武器原料的氯化苦作为熏蒸化学药剂而提供一种新的化学熏蒸药剂，同时采用地膜下施药剂的方式，避免化学熏蒸药剂在施药过程中的损耗和对作业人员的伤害。
本发明的目的通过如下措施来实现：管路将液体产品(土地净)导入膜内的滴灌带，均匀渗入土壤中，再挥发出主要成分的乙晴气体产生熏蒸作用。主管管路采用管径为16mm的塑料软管连接阀门，阀门出口直接连接管径为16mm的滴灌带，通过阀门来控制滴灌带的施药量。通过加入水而增大施药时的滴灌带的通过的流体量来达到各个滴灌孔的施药量的均匀。液体产品土地净可以在计量槽里加水进一步稀释后通过液位位差进入管路中；也可以用管道泵输送水通过文丘里管吸入本发明的液体产品，再一起进入主管路，后者较优，文丘里管二端口径为6分。地膜厚度为6-12丝；最优8丝。地膜下的滴灌带间距在200mm-600mm,最优为400mm。滴灌带上滴灌孔间距200mm-400mm，最优300mm。土壤湿度是手握成团，松开即散；地膜覆盖用开沟压边法(内侧压土)，密封好四边。
本发明的产品使用量如下表：
本发明的使用温度与时间如下表(可以按内插法计算)：
本发明的积极效果在于发现一种媲美溴甲烷的化学熏蒸药剂的，有利于土壤消毒技术的推广应用，该化学品优于氯化苦，使用后土壤中菌落数等见下表对比：
Claims (10)
1.一种乙晴作为土壤熏蒸化学药剂的应用，其特征在于：采用乙晴作为土壤熏蒸用化学剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的乙晴作为土壤熏蒸化学药剂的应用，其特征在于：还包括48％的水以稀释乙晴。
3.根据权利要求2所述的乙晴作为土壤熏蒸化学药剂的应用，其特征在于：还包括2％的氯化苦。
4.一种土壤熏蒸化学药剂施用方法，其特征在于：先盖地膜，后采用膜下滴灌带施加如权利要求1-3中任意一项的土壤熏蒸化学药剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的土壤熏蒸化学药剂施用方法，其特征在于：地膜厚度为6-12丝。
6.根据权利要求5所述的土壤熏蒸化学药剂施用方法，其特征在于：地膜厚度为8丝。
7.根据权利要求4所述的土壤熏蒸化学药剂施用方法，其特征在于：地膜下滴灌带间距为200mm-400mm。
8.根据权利要求7所述的土壤熏蒸化学药剂施用方法，其特征在于：地膜下的滴灌带间距为200mm。
9.根据权利要求7所述的土壤熏蒸化学药剂施用方法，其特征在于：地膜下的滴灌带上滴灌孔的间距为300mm。
10.根据权利要求7所述的土壤熏蒸化学药剂施用方法，其特征在于：地膜下的滴灌带的管径为16mm。
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| CN1261542A (zh) * | 1999-01-21 | 2000-08-02 | 陶俊德 | 土壤消毒剂的施用方法 |
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| WO2010025863A2 (de) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-11 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | 4-alkyl-substituierte diaminopyrimidine |
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| GB9510459D0 (en) * | 1995-05-24 | 1995-07-19 | Zeneca Ltd | Bicyclic amines |
| CN1205686A (zh) * | 1995-12-27 | 1999-01-20 | 株式会社韩华 | 芳基苯甲酰脲衍生物以及包含这些衍生物的杀虫组合物 |
| JP2006016308A (ja) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-19 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | 高純度クロルピクリン製造法 |
| CN104059132A (zh) * | 2014-07-08 | 2014-09-24 | 南京安吉生物科技有限公司 | 整合素阻断剂多肽及其制备方法和用途 |
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Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1261542A (zh) * | 1999-01-21 | 2000-08-02 | 陶俊德 | 土壤消毒剂的施用方法 |
| CN101299919A (zh) * | 2005-11-01 | 2008-11-05 | 美国陶氏益农公司 | 活性增强的杀虫活性组合物 |
| WO2010025863A2 (de) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-11 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | 4-alkyl-substituierte diaminopyrimidine |
| WO2010025850A1 (de) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-11 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Heterozyklisch substituierte anilinopyrimidine als fungizide |
| CN102499248A (zh) * | 2011-11-28 | 2012-06-20 | 山东农业大学 | 一种含棉隆和1,3-二氯丙烯用于土壤熏蒸的农药组合物 |
| CN104247714A (zh) * | 2013-06-29 | 2014-12-31 | 深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司 | 一种增效的土壤熏蒸组合物 |
| CN106342599A (zh) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-25 | 文山苗乡三七科技有限公司 | 一种三七连作土壤化学消毒方法 |
| CN107836314A (zh) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-03-27 | 山东省花生研究所 | 一种解除连作障碍的花生高产栽培法 |
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