CN111380816A - Method and system for analyzing chemical composition of target - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method and system for analyzing the chemical composition of a target. According to an exemplary aspect of the invention, a method for analyzing a chemical composition of a target (5) is provided, the method comprising placing an electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer (4) in a path of radiation emitted by a radiation source (2), and detecting radiation (3) passing through the fabry-perot interferometer (4) and passing through or being reflected by the target (5) with a detector (6), and wherein the detection is performed such as to allow for a plurality of pass bands to be detected simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method for analyzing a chemical composition of a target. In particular, the invention relates to a method comprising the use of a fabry-perot interferometer.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a system for analyzing a chemical composition of a target. In particular, the invention relates to a system comprising a fabry-perot interferometer.
Background
Analyzing the chemical composition of a sample is important in many situations. There are several analytical methods available. Optical measuring systems are used, for example, for analyzing properties or material contents of objects. Spectroscopy identifies various unknown substances by reading spectral patterns. The spectrum of an object may be measured by using a spectrometer including a fabry-perot interferometer and a detector for monitoring the intensity of light transmitted through the fabry-perot interferometer. Optical spectroscopy systems also typically include a light source for illuminating the object. Some optical material analyzers are large, non-portable units used in laboratories. Other optical material analyzers are portable.
A fabry-perot interferometer is based on two mirrors, an input mirror and an output mirror arranged facing the input mirror via a gap. In this context, a "mirror" is a structure having a layer or a set of layers that reflects light. The passband wavelength can be controlled by adjusting the distance between the mirrors, i.e., the width of the gap. Fabry-perot interferometers can provide narrow transmission peaks with adjustable spectral positions and can be used for spectral analysis.
The spectrometer may provide a control signal indicative of the mirror gap. The control signal may be provided by a control unit, for example, and the mirror gap may be controlled in accordance with the control signal. Alternatively, the control signal may be provided by monitoring the mirror gap, for example by using a capacitive sensor. The control signal may be, for example, a digital control signal or an analog control signal. Each spectral location may be associated with a control signal.
Document US 2015/0253189 a1 teaches that a scanning fabry-perot interferometer requires an optical input with a bandwidth smaller than the single free spectral range of the device. This is due to the ambiguity between the signals generated by the colors separated by one free spectral range of any fabry-perot interferometer. Document US 2015/0253189 a1 further teaches that fabry-perot theory is only effective in one free spectral range and cannot demultiplex mixed signals.
The methods currently used to realize miniaturized near-infrared spectrometers for material analysis have shown the greatest potential. The most promising are fabry-perot interferometer based MEMS systems when considering the size and cost requirements of various mobile and handheld applications. This is due to the very small footprint, the simple system implementation, and the need for only a single pixel detector.
It is common to produce fabry-perot interferometers using micromechanical techniques. For example, documents US 2012/0026503a1 and US 2013/0329232 a1 disclose controllable fabry-perot interferometers produced using micromechanical (MEMS) technology.
One major drawback in many applications is that a single MEMS FPI element only operates over a limited wavelength range, thereby reducing the number of applications that can be realized with a single device and reducing the selectivity and sensitivity of the measurement.
Three factors limit the available spectral range. In particular, the working range of the mirror limits the usable spectral range. In MEMS devices, the mirrors are implemented with dielectric layers optimized to specific wavelengths. If the wavelength deviates from this wavelength, for example by + -30%, the mirror is no longer reflecting and therefore no interference occurs. Furthermore, the tuning range of the MEMS mirrors limits the available mechanical range. This is generally limited by the so-called pull-in phenomenon, which limits the movement of the interferometer gap to about 1/3 of the nominal gap. In addition, multi-level transmission (multiple order transmission) limits the available spectral range. Fabry-perot interferometers transmit several wavelengths simultaneously, separated by multiple half-wavelengths. In MEMS FPI devices, the range limiting factor is on the order of 3-2-1, making the multi-stage problem the largest range limiting factor. If the specular surfaces are made of metal coatings rather than dielectrics and the movement of the mirrors is not achieved by electrostatic tuning (but for example by piezo elements), then the multi-stage limitation can be considered to be the only practical limitation of the spectral range of the fabry-perot interferometer.
The first problem is solved by using high index contrast materials and a small number of layers in the mirror stack. Another option is to use a metal layer, but this is not usually possible for MEMS FPI. In any case, there will be transmission sidebands passing through, which increases the difficulty of the analysis, so that different filters, detectors and light source solutions are always used to remove the unwanted sidebands.
The second problem is partially avoided by using as low order interference as possible, so that the spectral transmission peak is moved as much as possible during the scan. In addition, schemes such as current drive or different feedback schemes have been proposed to extend the range of motion.
The third problem is handled in the system using a band-limiting filter that limits the range to be measured to a well-defined peak. Taking a signal from adjacent peaks is an undesirable situation because it can disrupt the shape of the measured spectrum.
Furthermore, statistical mathematical analysis (also known as chemometrics) is now commonly used to interpret and model overlapping spectral data. From the point of view of specificity and accuracy, more data from as broad a spectral range as possible provides the best results. So far, this method has only been used to make the data provided by the spectrometer unambiguous, but the measured spectra will have many overlapping shapes. Now, in practice, there is no difference for the statistical tool whether the spectra are overlapping in the sample or in the measurement device or both. If this property is exploited, the multi-order filtering can be omitted completely or relaxed significantly. If radiation passing through multiple transmission peaks is detected simultaneously with a detector, the gap is shifted and the measurement is repeated, all the same information about the material to be measured is obtained and therefore the chemometric tool will provide equally good results compared to scanning a single peak over a wider range.
In view of the above, it would be beneficial to provide a solution to at least the third problem described above. The solution also enables other advantageous features.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is defined by the features of the independent claims. Specific embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for analysing the chemical composition of a target, the method comprising placing an electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer in the path of radiation emitted by a radiation source and detecting radiation passing through the fabry-perot interferometer and either passing through or being reflected by the target using a detector, and wherein the detection is such as to allow multiple pass-bands to be detected simultaneously.
Various embodiments of the first aspect may include at least one feature of the following bulleted list:
the detector comprising only one pixel for detecting radiation
The detector comprises a matrix of pixels for imaging purposes
Allowing a single detector to detect multiple pass bands simultaneously
Deliberately generating spurious spectra sensitive to specific chemical substances
Scanning multiple transmission peaks simultaneously
Measuring at least two transmission peaks simultaneously
Analysis of the combination of detection signals
Analysis of the mixed signal
Analysis of mixed signals without the use of signal separation techniques
Sum of analytical signals
Analysis of the sum of the signals without the use of signal separation techniques
Optical input using a bandwidth greater than the single free spectral range of a Fabry-Perot interferometer
In this method, no band-limiting filter is used
Choosing the cut-off of the band-limiting filter such that the detection range of the spectrometer is larger than the free spectral range
Choosing the cut-off of the band-limiting filter such that spectral components overlapping other transmission peaks propagate to the detector
Measuring instrument
The method further comprises placing an electrically tunable Fabry-Perot interferometer in the radiation emitted by the radiation source
In the path and detected by a detector through a Fabry-Perot interferometer and through a known reference
A substance or radiation reflected by a known reference substance, and wherein the detection is performed so as to allow simultaneous detection of a plurality of substances
Pass band
Storing reference data of at least one known reference substance
Comparing the scanned target data with reference data of at least one known reference substance
The method is an imaging method or a non-imaging method.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for analysing a chemical composition of a target, the system comprising an electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer positionable in a path of radiation emitted by a radiation source; the system further comprises a detector for detecting radiation passing through the fabry-perot interferometer and passing through or reflected by the target object, and wherein the detector is configured to allow for the simultaneous detection of multiple pass-bands.
Various embodiments of the second aspect may include at least one feature of the following bulleted list:
the detector comprising only one pixel for detecting radiation
The detectors are configured to detect radiation so as to allow multiple pass-bands to be detected simultaneously by a single detector
The detector being configured to detect the sum of the signals
The system is configured to scan multiple transmission peaks simultaneously
The system is configured to measure at least two transmission peaks simultaneously
The system comprises a computing device configured to analyze the combination of the detection signals
The system comprises a computing device configured to analyze the mixed signal
The system is configured to provide a bandwidth having a single free spectral range greater than that of a Fabry-Perot interferometer
Optical input of
The system does not include band-limiting filters
The system comprises a band-limiting filter whose cut-off provides a value greater than the free spectral range
Detection range of the spectrometer
The system comprises a memory for storing reference data of at least one known reference substance
The system comprising means for entering scanned target data with reference data of at least one known reference substance
Apparatus for line comparison
The detector comprises a matrix of pixels for imaging purposes.
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for analysing the chemical composition of a target, the method comprising placing an electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer in the path of radiation emitted by a radiation source, and detecting radiation passing through the fabry-perot interferometer and passing through or reflected by the target with a detector, and wherein the detection is such as to allow multiple pass bands to be detected simultaneously by the detector comprising only one pixel for detecting radiation, and wherein the sum of the signals is analysed without the use of signal separation techniques.
Considerable advantages are obtained by certain embodiments of the invention. A method and system for analyzing a chemical composition of a target is provided.
Unexpectedly, the inventors have found that the detection range of the spectrometer can be larger than the free spectral range. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the cut-off values defining the detection band may be chosen such that spectral components overlapping other transmission peaks propagate to the detector. According to an embodiment of the invention, adjacent peaks of the interferometer are not separated by free spectral range. The cutoff value may be selected such that the detection range is greater than the free spectral range.
By using particular embodiments of the present invention, several benefits are obtained. No additional band-limiting filter is required in the system or the specification parameter requirements can be significantly relaxed. Furthermore, the mechanical scanning range is no longer an issue, since a plurality of peaks can now be scanned simultaneously. The total range covered is greatly increased when the mirror is moved, compared to the single scan case.
Furthermore, the dynamic range is increased. In higher wavelengths, such as 2 μm to 2.5 μm, the absorbance of the material is much higher than it is in wavelengths below 2 μm. If the material absorbs almost all light in the higher range, information is lost using a unimodal scanning system. However, in multimodal methods and systems according to certain embodiments of the present invention, the same molecular vibrations are detected simultaneously in weaker wavelengths, which continues to provide information. Furthermore, adding a high pass filter to the appropriate location of the lower wavelength provides a means of wavelength axis calibration.
Combining embodiments of the present invention with a wide range mirror can extend the usable wavelength range by a factor of 3 compared to a unimodal scanning system. For example, the mirror may be made of metal. For example, the mirror may also be a three layer bragg mirror.
The pseudo-wavelength axis calibration of the system can be accomplished in different ways. Calibration can be accomplished by selecting a wavelength target that produces some well-defined peaks or by using a filter/target that produces a specific repeatable shape in the spectrum.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the detector comprises only one pixel. This configuration allows detection of only one specific target substance. The invention is applicable to measuring more than two or three levels simultaneously. No separation techniques are required. The mixed signal or the sum of the signals detected by the single pixel detector is sufficient to analyze the chemical composition of the target. The assembly of this configuration is very cost effective.
Drawings
Figure 1 shows a wavelength-absorbance diagram for three different chemical compositions,
figure 2 shows wavelength-system flux diagrams for different gap widths of a fabry-perot interferometer,
fig. 3 shows a wavelength-system flux diagram for different gap widths, wherein a first wavelength range is shown,
figure 4 shows a gap-absorbance diagram for three different chemical compositions,
fig. 5 shows a wavelength-system flux diagram for different gap widths, where a second wavelength range is shown,
figure 6 shows another gap-absorbance diagram for three different chemical compositions,
fig. 7 shows a wavelength-system flux diagram for different gap widths, where a third wavelength range is shown,
figure 8 shows yet another gap-absorbance diagram for three different chemical compositions,
fig. 9 shows a wavelength-system flux diagram for different gap widths, where a fourth wavelength range is shown,
figure 10 shows yet another gap-absorbance diagram for three different chemical compositions,
figure 11 shows a flow diagram of a method for analyzing chemical composition in accordance with at least some embodiments of the present invention,
figure 12 shows a schematic of a system for analyzing the chemical composition of a target in accordance with at least some embodiments of the present invention,
FIG. 13 shows a schematic of another system for analyzing chemical composition of a target, in accordance with at least some embodiments of the present invention, an
FIG. 14 shows a schematic of yet another system for analyzing chemical composition of a target in accordance with at least some embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In fig. 1, a wavelength-absorbance diagram of three different chemical compositions is shown. The absorbance of each chemical component is shown according to wavelength in the range of about 300nm to about 2500 nm. The absorption spectrum of each chemical component or material has its own characteristics.
In fig. 2, wavelength-system flux diagrams for different gap widths of a fabry-perot interferometer are shown. It can be seen that in the wavelength range of 1200nm to 2600nm, multiple transmission peaks can be provided for a specific gap width.
At a gap of about 1900nm, radiation is detected that passes through the transmission peak labeled "rectangle" in FIG. 2. At a gap of about 2050nm, radiation was detected through the transmission peak labeled "triangle" in fig. 2. At a gap of about 2200nm, radiation passing through the "unlabeled" transmission peak in FIG. 2 is detected. At a gap of about 2400nm, radiation is detected that passes through the transmission peak labeled "x" in FIG. 2. At a gap of about 2650nm, radiation is detected which passes through the transmission peak marked "o" in fig. 2.
In other words, one specific gap width of a fabry-perot interferometer results in a plurality of transmission peaks in the wavelength range of 1200nm to 2600 nm. It can be seen, for example, that radiation through three transmission peaks can be detected at a gap of about 2650nm, and radiation through two transmission peaks can be detected at a gap of about 2400 nm. The scanning signal (e.g., the signal labeled "o" or "x" in fig. 2) is ambiguous and therefore cannot analyze multiple signals in common spectroscopy because fabry-perot theory is only effective in one free spectral range and cannot demultiplex mixed signals.
In fig. 3, a wavelength-system flux diagram for different gap widths is shown, wherein a first wavelength range is shown. The first wavelength range is between about 1500nm to about 2000 nm.
At a gap of about 1900nm, radiation is detected that passes through the transmission peak labeled "rectangle" in FIG. 3. At a gap of about 2050nm, radiation was detected through the transmission peak labeled "triangle" in fig. 3. At a gap of about 2200nm, radiation passing through the "unmarked" transmission peak in fig. 3 was detected. At a gap of about 2400nm, radiation is detected that passes through the transmission peak labeled "x" in FIG. 3. At a gap of about 2650nm, radiation was detected through the transmission peak labeled "o" in fig. 3.
Each scan signal (e.g., the signal labeled "o" or "x" in fig. 3) is unambiguous, and thus each signal can be analyzed in conventional spectroscopy. The first wavelength range shown is narrower than the single free spectral range.
The detection band of the spectrometer may be defined by, for example, a filter. The spectrometer may be arranged to operate such that the spectrometer is substantially insensitive to spectral components having wavelengths outside the first detection range, i.e. outside the range of about 1500nm to about 2000 nm. The filter may be configured to exclude spectral components that are less than the first cutoff (i.e., about 1500nm) and greater than the second cutoff (i.e., about 2000 nm).
The filter may block spectral components at wavelengths outside the detection band from reaching the detector. Depending on the spectral position of the transmission peak of the interferometer, the cut-off value may be chosen such that only spectral components within the detection range may propagate to the detector. The cut-off value may be chosen such that spectral components that overlap with other transmission peaks do not propagate to the detector. Adjacent peaks of the interferometer are separated by a free spectral range. The cut-off value is chosen such that the detection range of the spectrometer is narrower than the free spectral range.
Spectral components at wavelengths outside the detection range may also be excluded by exploiting the spectral selectivity of the detector and/or another optical component of the spectrometer.
In fig. 4, a gap-absorbance diagram for three different chemical compositions is shown. The figure shows the absorbance of the gap between the mirrors according to the fabry-perot interferometer for each chemical component in the gap range of about 1750nm to about 2650 nm. The material was scanned for a single peak in the first wavelength range as shown in figure 3. The target substance may be, for example, aspirin, caffeine, fructose, ibuprofen, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, acetaminophen, sucrose, water, or the like.
In fig. 5, a wavelength-system flux diagram for different gap widths is shown, wherein a second wavelength range is shown. The second wavelength range is between about 1850nm and 2500 nm.
At a gap of about 1900nm, radiation was detected that passed the transmission peak labeled "rectangle" in FIG. 5. At a gap of about 2050nm, radiation was detected through the transmission peak labeled "triangle" in fig. 5. At a gap of about 2200nm, radiation passing through the "unmarked" transmission peak in fig. 5 was detected. At a gap of about 2400nm, radiation is detected that passes through the transmission peak labeled "x" in FIG. 5. At a gap of about 2650nm, radiation was detected which passed the transmission peak labeled "o" in fig. 5.
Each scan signal (e.g., the signal labeled "o" or "x" in fig. 5) is unambiguous, and thus each signal can be analyzed in a common spectrum. The illustrated second wavelength range is narrower than the single free spectral range.
The detection band of the spectrometer may be defined by, for example, a filter. The spectrometer may be arranged to operate such that the spectrometer is substantially insensitive to spectral components having wavelengths outside the second detection range, i.e., outside a range of about 1850nm to about 2500 nm. The filter may be configured to exclude spectral components that are less than the first cutoff (i.e., about 1850nm) and greater than the second cutoff (i.e., about 2500 nm).
The filter may block spectral components at wavelengths outside the detection band from reaching the detector. Depending on the spectral position of the transmission peak of the interferometer, the cut-off value may be chosen such that only spectral components within the detection range may propagate to the detector. The cut-off value may be chosen such that spectral components that overlap with other transmission peaks do not propagate to the detector. Adjacent peaks of the interferometer are separated by a free spectral range. The cut-off value is chosen such that the detection range of the spectrometer is narrower than the free spectral range.
Spectral components at wavelengths outside the detection range may also be excluded by exploiting the spectral selectivity of the detector and/or another optical component of the spectrometer.
In fig. 6, another gap-absorbance diagram for three different chemical compositions is shown. The figure shows the absorbance of the gap between the mirrors according to the fabry-perot interferometer for each chemical component in the gap range of about 1750nm to about 2650 nm. The material is scanned for a single peak in the second wavelength range as shown in fig. 5. The target substance may be, for example, aspirin, caffeine, fructose, ibuprofen, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, acetaminophen, sucrose, water, or the like.
In fig. 7, a wavelength-system flux diagram for different gap widths is shown, with a third wavelength range shown. The third wavelength range is between about 1500nm and 2500 nm.
At a gap of about 1900nm, radiation was detected that passed the transmission peak labeled "rectangle" in FIG. 7. At a gap detection of about 2050nm, the radiation passing through the transmission peak marked "triangle" in fig. 7 was detected. At a gap of about 2200nm, radiation passing through the "unmarked" transmission peak in fig. 7 was detected. At a gap of about 2400nm, radiation was detected that passed the transmission peak labeled "x" in FIG. 7. At a gap of about 2650nm, radiation was detected which passed the transmission peak labeled "o" in fig. 7.
The scanning signal (e.g., the signal labeled "o" or "x" in fig. 7) is ambiguous and therefore cannot analyze multiple signals in the common spectrum. A plurality of free spectral ranges are shown within the third wavelength range shown.
According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, a method for analyzing a chemical composition of a target is provided. The method includes placing an electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer in a path of radiation emitted by a radiation source and detecting the radiation with a detector. The detection is performed so as to allow the simultaneous detection of multiple pass bands. In other words, multiple transmission peaks are scanned simultaneously. In this method, an optical input is used whose bandwidth is greater than the individual free spectral range of the Fabry-Perot interferometer. Subsequently, the combination of the detection signals is analyzed. In other words, the mixed signal or the radiation passing through at least two transmission peaks is analyzed. For example, two signals labeled "x" in fig. 7 may be analyzed and/or two signals labeled "o" in fig. 7 may be analyzed. The analysis is performed without the need for separation techniques. The detector may be a single pixel detector.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the detection band of the spectrometer may be defined by, for example, a filter. The spectrometer may be arranged to operate such that the spectrometer is substantially insensitive to spectral components having wavelengths outside the third detection range, i.e. outside a range between about 1500nm and about 2500 nm. The filter may be configured to exclude spectral components that are less than the first cutoff (i.e., about 1500nm) and greater than the second cutoff (i.e., about 2500 nm). The cut-off value is chosen such that the detection range of the spectrometer is larger than the free spectral range. Adjacent peaks of the interferometer are not separated by free spectral range. The cut-off values are chosen such that spectral components that overlap with other transmission peaks propagate to the detector.
The filter may block spectral components at wavelengths outside the detection band from reaching the detector. Depending on the spectral position of the transmission peak of the interferometer, the cut-off value may be chosen such that only spectral components within the detection range may propagate to the detector.
According to a particular embodiment, no band-limited filter is used in the method. According to other particular embodiments of the invention, spectral components at wavelengths outside the detection range may also be excluded by exploiting the spectral selectivity of the detector and/or another optical component of the spectrometer.
In fig. 8, yet another gap-absorbance diagram for three chemical compositions is shown. The figure shows the absorbance of the gap between the mirrors according to the fabry-perot interferometer for each chemical component in the gap range between about 1750nm and about 2650 nm.
In fig. 8, two subranges, a monomodal range and a bimodal range, are shown. Radiation passing through a single transmission peak is detected in the case where the gap between the mirrors of the fabry-perot interferometer is less than about 2100nm, i.e. in the unimodal range. In case the gap of the mirrors of the fabry-perot interferometer is larger than about 2100nm, i.e. in the bimodal range, the radiation passing through the two transmission peaks is detected. In other words, according to a specific embodiment of the invention, a part of the spectrum is scanned in case of a single peak and another part of the spectrum is scanned in case of two peaks in the third wavelength range shown in fig. 7. The detection is performed so as to allow the simultaneous detection of multiple pass bands.
The "fingerprints" of the different materials have previously been stored in a library, for example on a computer readable medium. By scanning each known reference substance using the method according to the invention, characteristics or "fingerprints" of different materials have been created. In other words, the detection of the known reference substance has been performed so as to allow the simultaneous detection of a plurality of pass bands. The results of these reference measurements have been stored in order to teach a system according to an embodiment of the invention to create a library.
The results of the scanned target substance may then be compared to stored reference data to identify the target substance. Since each target substance has its own characteristics, the target substance can be identified from the reference data. The target substance may be, for example, aspirin, caffeine, fructose, ibuprofen, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, acetaminophen, sucrose, water, or the like.
In fig. 9, a wavelength-system flux diagram for different gap widths is shown, with a fourth wavelength range shown. The fourth wavelength range is shown between about 1300nm and about 2500 nm.
At a gap of about 1900nm, radiation was detected that passed the transmission peak labeled "rectangle" in FIG. 9. At a gap of about 2050nm, radiation was detected through the transmission peak labeled "triangle" in fig. 9. At a gap of about 2200nm, radiation passing through the "unmarked" transmission peak in fig. 9 was detected. At a gap of about 2400nm, radiation is detected that passes through the transmission peak labeled "x" in FIG. 9. At a gap of about 2650nm, radiation was detected through the transmission peak labeled "o" in FIG. 9.
The scanning signal (e.g., the signal labeled "o" or "x" in fig. 9) is ambiguous and therefore multiple signals cannot be analyzed in common spectroscopy. A plurality of free spectral ranges are shown in the fourth wavelength range shown.
According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, a method for analyzing a chemical composition of a target is provided. The method includes placing an electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer in a path of radiation emitted by a radiation source and detecting the radiation with a detector. The detection is performed so as to allow the simultaneous detection of multiple pass bands. In other words, multiple transmission peaks are scanned simultaneously. In this method, an optical input is used whose bandwidth is greater than the individual free spectral range of the Fabry-Perot interferometer. Subsequently, the combination of the detection signals is analyzed. In other words, the mixed signal or the radiation passing through at least two transmission peaks is analyzed. For example, two signals labeled "x" in fig. 9 may be analyzed and/or two signals labeled "o" in fig. 9 may be analyzed.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the detection band of the spectrometer may be defined by, for example, a filter. The spectrometer may be arranged to operate such that the spectrometer is substantially insensitive to spectral components having wavelengths outside the fourth detection range, i.e. outside the range of about 1300nm to about 2500 nm. The filter may be arranged to exclude spectral components smaller than the first cut-off value (i.e. about 1300nm) and larger than the second cut-off value (i.e. about 2500 nm). The cut-off value is chosen such that the detection range of the spectrometer is larger than the free spectral range. Adjacent peaks of the interferometer are not separated by free spectral range. The cut-off values are chosen such that spectral components that overlap with other transmission peaks propagate to the detector.
The filter may block spectral components at wavelengths outside the detection band from reaching the detector. Depending on the spectral position of the transmission peak of the interferometer, the cut-off value may be chosen such that only spectral components within the detection range may propagate to the detector.
According to a particular embodiment, no band-limited filter is used in the method. According to other particular embodiments of the invention, spectral components at wavelengths outside the detection range may also be excluded by exploiting the spectral selectivity of the detector and/or another optical component of the spectrometer.
In fig. 10, yet another gap-absorbance diagram for three chemical compositions is shown. The figure shows the absorbance of the gap between the mirrors according to the fabry-perot interferometer for each chemical component in the gap range of about 1750nm to about 2650 nm. The target substance may be, for example, aspirin, caffeine, fructose, ibuprofen, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, acetaminophen, sucrose, water, or the like.
In fig. 10, two sub-ranges, a bimodal range and a trimodal range, are shown. Radiation passing through the two transmission peaks is detected between about 1700nm and about 2400nm, i.e. in a bimodal range, of the gap of the mirrors of the fabry-perot interferometer. Radiation passing through the three transmission peaks is detected at a gap of the mirrors of the fabry-perot interferometer of greater than about 2400nm, i.e. in the trimodal range. In other words, according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, a part of the spectrum is scanned in case of two peaks and another part of the spectrum is scanned in case of three peaks in the fourth wavelength range as shown in fig. 9. The detection is performed so as to allow the simultaneous detection of multiple pass bands.
The "fingerprints" of the different materials have previously been stored in a library, for example on a computer readable medium. By scanning each known reference substance using the method according to the invention, characteristics or "fingerprints" of different materials have been created. In other words, the known reference substance has been detected so as to allow the simultaneous detection of multiple pass bands. The results of these reference measurements have been stored in order to teach a system according to an embodiment of the invention to create a library.
The results of the scanned target substance may then be compared to stored reference data to identify the target substance. Since each target substance has its own characteristics, the target substance can be identified from the reference data. The target substance may be, for example, aspirin, caffeine, fructose, ibuprofen, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, acetaminophen, sucrose, water, or the like. The invention is applicable to measuring more than two or three levels simultaneously. No separation techniques are required. The mixed signal or sum of signals detected by, for example, a single pixel detector is sufficient to analyze the chemical composition of the target.
In fig. 11, a flow diagram of a method for analyzing chemical composition in accordance with at least some embodiments of the present invention is shown. The method comprises placing an electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer in a path of radiation emitted by a radiation source. The method further comprises detecting radiation passing through the fabry-perot interferometer and passing through or being reflected by the known reference substance with a detector. The detection is performed so as to allow the simultaneous detection of multiple pass bands. In other words, an optical input with a bandwidth greater than the single free spectral range of the fabry-perot interferometer is used in the method. Adjacent peaks of the interferometer are not separated by free spectral range. Multiple transmission peaks may be scanned simultaneously.
Subsequently, reference data of the known reference substance is stored in a memory of the computing device. The above process may then optionally be repeated for one or more other reference substances to create a library containing reference data for a plurality of reference substances.
The method further comprises placing an electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer in a path of radiation emitted by the radiation source, detecting with a detector radiation passing through the fabry-perot interferometer and passing through or reflected by the target substance. The detection is performed again so as to allow the simultaneous detection of a plurality of pass bands. Subsequently, target data for the target substance is stored in a memory of the computing device, and the scanned target data is compared to stored reference data for at least one known reference substance to identify the target substance. The target substance can be identified if the target data and the reference data match or at least substantially match. In more complex material matrices, the recognition and analysis may be performed by statistical mathematical tools such as Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), or learning algorithms may also be applied using neural networks.
In fig. 12, a schematic diagram of a system 1 for analyzing a chemical composition of a target according to at least some embodiments of the present invention is shown. The system 1 comprises a radiation source 2, the radiation source 2 being configured to emit radiation 3. The system further comprises an electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer 4, the electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer 4 being placeable in the path of the radiation 3 emitted by the radiation source 2. Furthermore, the system 1 comprises a detector 6, the detector 6 being adapted to detect radiation 3 passing through the fabry-perot interferometer 4 and through the object 5. The detector 6 is configured to detect the radiation 3 so as to allow for the simultaneous detection of multiple passbands. That is, the system is configured to scan multiple transmission peaks simultaneously. In other words, the system is configured to measure at least two transmission peaks simultaneously. The system is configured to provide an optical input having a bandwidth greater than a single free spectral range of the fabry-perot interferometer. The system does not include a band-limiting filter.
The detector 6 is connected to a computing means 7. The calculation means 7 comprise a memory for storing reference data of at least one known reference substance. The computing means 7 is configured to analyze the combined or mixed signal of the detection signals. Furthermore, the computing means 7 is configured to compare the scanned target data with reference data to identify the target substance.
According to an embodiment, the detector 6 comprises only one pixel. This configuration allows detection of only one specific target substance. The invention is applicable to measuring more than two or three levels simultaneously. No separation techniques are required. The (mixed) signal detected by the single pixel detector is sufficient to analyze the chemical composition of the target.
According to another embodiment, the detector 6 comprises a matrix of pixels for imaging purposes. This configuration allows the detection of the components of the target substance. For example, a plurality of substances may be included in the powder. For example, aspirin and cocaine may be included in the powder. Due to the plurality of pixels in the pixel matrix, aspirin and cocaine may be detected with the detector 6 of the system 1.
In fig. 13, a schematic diagram of another system 1 for analyzing a chemical composition of a target in accordance with at least some embodiments of the present invention is shown. The system 1 comprises a radiation source 2, the radiation source 2 being configured to emit radiation 3. The system further comprises an electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer 4, the electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer 4 being placeable in the path of the radiation 3 emitted by the radiation source 2. A fabry-perot interferometer 4 is arranged between the radiation source 2 and the object 5. Furthermore, the system 1 comprises a detector 6, the detector 6 being adapted to detect radiation 3 passing through the fabry-perot interferometer 4 and reflected by the object 5. The detector 6 is configured to detect the radiation 3, thereby allowing for the simultaneous detection of multiple passbands. The detector 6 is connected to a computing means 7. The calculation means 7 comprise a memory for storing reference data of at least one known reference substance. The computing means 7 is configured to compare the scanned target data with reference data of at least one known reference substance.
In fig. 14, a schematic diagram of yet another system 1 for analyzing chemical composition of a target in accordance with at least some embodiments of the present invention is shown. The system 1 comprises a radiation source 2, the radiation source 2 being configured to emit radiation 3. The system further comprises an electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer 4, the electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer 4 being placeable in the path of the radiation 3 emitted by the radiation source 2. Furthermore, the system 1 comprises a detector 6, the detector 6 being adapted to detect radiation 3 passing through the fabry-perot interferometer 4 and reflected by the object 5. The fabry-perot interferometer 4 is arranged between the object 5 and the detector 6. The detector 6 is configured to detect the radiation 3, thereby allowing for the simultaneous detection of multiple passbands. The detector 6 is connected to a computing means 7. The calculation means 7 comprise a memory for storing reference data of at least one known reference substance. The computing means 7 is configured to compare the scanned target data with reference data of at least one known reference substance. The system may optionally include a band-limiting filter (not shown) whose cutoff value provides a detection range of the spectrometer that is greater than the free spectral range.
It is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments of the invention are not limited to the specific structures, process steps, or materials disclosed herein, but extend to equivalents thereof as would be recognized by those skilled in the relevant art. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
Reference in the specification to one embodiment or an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Where numerical values are referred to using terms such as "about" or "substantially," the exact numerical values are also disclosed herein.
As used herein, a plurality of items, structural elements, compositional elements, and/or materials may be presented in a common list for convenience. However, these lists should be construed as though each member of the list is individually identified as a separate and unique member. Thus, no individual member of such list should be construed as a de facto equivalent of any other member of the same list solely based on their presentation in a common group without indications. Additionally, various embodiments and examples of the invention may be referenced herein along with alternatives to the various components thereof. It should be understood that these embodiments, examples, and alternatives are not to be construed as actual equivalents of each other, but are to be considered as separate and autonomous representations of the invention.
Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided, such as examples of lengths, widths, shapes, etc., to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, and so forth. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention.
While the foregoing examples illustrate the principles of the invention in one or more particular applications, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that numerous modifications in form, usage and details of implementation can be made without the exercise of inventive faculty, and without departing from the principles and concepts of the invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the invention be limited, except as by the claims set forth below.
The verbs "comprise" and "comprise" are used herein as open-ended limitations that neither exclude nor require the presence of unrecited features. The features recited in the dependent claims may be freely combined with each other, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that the use of "a" or "an" throughout this document, i.e., the singular, does not exclude the plural.
Industrial applicability
At least some embodiments of the invention have industrial applicability in analyzing the chemical composition of a target.
Description of the reference numerals
1. System for controlling a power supply
2. Radiation source
3. Radiation of radiation
4. Fabry-Perot interferometer
5. Target object
6. Detector
7. Computing device
CITATION LIST
Patent document
US 2012/0026503 A1
US 2013/0329232 A1
US 2015/0253189 A1
Claims (20)
1. A method for analyzing a chemical composition of a target (5), the method comprising:
-placing an electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer (4) in the path of radiation emitted by the radiation source (2), and
-detecting radiation (3) passing through the fabry-perot interferometer (4) and passing through or being reflected by the object (5) with a detector (6), and wherein the detection is performed such as to allow for a plurality of pass bands to be detected simultaneously.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of transmission peaks are scanned simultaneously, or wherein at least two transmission peaks are measured simultaneously.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein a combination of the detection signals is analyzed, a mixed signal is analyzed, or a sum of the detection signals is analyzed.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein an optical input is used having a bandwidth larger than a single free spectral range of the fabry-perot interferometer (4).
5. The method of claim 1, wherein no band-limiting filter is used in the method.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cut-off value of the band-limiting filter is chosen such that the detection range of the spectrometer is larger than the free spectral range, or the cut-off value of the band-limiting filter is chosen such that spectral components overlapping other transmission peaks propagate to the detector (6).
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the detection is performed such that a plurality of pass bands are allowed to be detected simultaneously by a detector (6) comprising only one pixel for detecting the radiation (3).
8. The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein adjacent peaks of the interferometer are not separated by free spectral range.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
-placing an electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer (4) in the path of radiation emitted by the radiation source (2), and
-detecting radiation passing through the fabry-perot interferometer (4) and passing through or being reflected by a known reference substance with a detector (6), and wherein the detection is such as to allow for the simultaneous detection of a plurality of pass-bands.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein reference data for at least one known reference substance is stored, and wherein the scanned target data is compared to the reference data for the at least one known reference substance.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is an imaging method or a non-imaging method.
12. A system (1) for analyzing a chemical composition of a target (5), the system (1) comprising: -an electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer (4) which can be placed in the path of the radiation emitted by the radiation source (2), and
-a detector (6) for detecting radiation (3) passing through the fabry-perot interferometer (4) and passing through or being reflected by the object (5), and wherein the detector (6) is configured to detect radiation (3) such that a plurality of pass bands are allowed to be detected simultaneously.
13. The system (1) according to claim 12, wherein the system (1) is configured to scan a plurality of transmission peaks simultaneously, or wherein the system (1) is configured to measure at least two transmission peaks simultaneously.
14. The system (1) according to any one of claims 12-13, wherein the system (1) comprises a computing device (7), the computing device (7) being configured to analyze a combination of the detection signals, or wherein the system (1) comprises a computing device (7), the computing device (7) being configured to analyze the mixed signal.
15. The system (1) according to claim 12, wherein the system (1) is configured to provide an optical input having a bandwidth larger than a single free spectral range of the fabry-perot interferometer (4).
16. The system (1) according to claim 12, wherein the system (1) does not comprise a band-limiting filter.
17. The system (1) according to claim 12, wherein the system (1) comprises a band-limited filter, the cut-off value of which provides a detection range of the spectrometer larger than the free spectral range.
18. The system (1) according to claim 12, wherein the system (1) comprises a memory for storing reference data of at least one known reference substance, and wherein the system (1) comprises means for comparing scanned target data with reference data of the at least one known reference substance.
19. The system (1) according to claim 12, wherein the detector (6) comprises only one pixel for detecting radiation (3), or wherein the detector (6) comprises a matrix of pixels for imaging purposes.
20. A method for analyzing a chemical composition of a target (5), the method comprising:
-placing an electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer (4) in the path of radiation emitted by the radiation source (2), and
-detecting radiation (3) passing through the fabry-perot interferometer (4) and passing through the object (5) or being reflected by the object (5) with a detector (6) and performing the detection such that a plurality of pass bands are allowed to be detected simultaneously by the detector (6) comprising only one pixel for detecting radiation (3), and wherein the sum of the signals is analyzed without using signal separation techniques.
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