CN111389201A - Device and method for removing dioxin in waste incineration fly ash - Google Patents
Device and method for removing dioxin in waste incineration fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN111389201A CN111389201A CN202010234359.0A CN202010234359A CN111389201A CN 111389201 A CN111389201 A CN 111389201A CN 202010234359 A CN202010234359 A CN 202010234359A CN 111389201 A CN111389201 A CN 111389201A
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- flue gas
- plasma
- dioxin
- fly ash
- combustion chamber
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000185 dioxinlike effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical class [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 CO and CO)2 Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 2
- LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L mercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg]Cl LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002730 mercury Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/44—Organic components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D53/70—Organic halogen compounds
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/72—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D53/48 - B01D53/70, e.g. hydrocarbons
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/80—Semi-solid phase processes, i.e. by using slurries
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
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- B01D2257/2045—Hydrochloric acid
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- B01D2257/2064—Chlorine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- B01D2257/602—Mercury or mercury compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
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- B01D2257/704—Solvents not covered by groups B01D2257/702 - B01D2257/7027
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for removing dioxin in waste incineration fly ash, which comprises an auxiliary combustion chamber, a distributor, a chilling tower, a primary plasma, a plasma electric dust collector, a desulfurizer, a bag type dust collector, an induced draft fan and a chimney which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, wherein the auxiliary combustion chamber is communicated with an incinerator, the pipeline between the induced draft fan and the chimney is connected with a secondary plasma through an air blower, and the secondary plasma is connected with the distributor. According to the using method of the device, the circulating flue gas which is rich in active substances and is generated by secondary plasma oxidation is injected into the high-temperature flue at the outlet of the auxiliary combustion chamber through the distributor so as to degrade dioxin-like macromolecular organic matters; and then the flue gas is subjected to multi-stage purification to realize high-efficiency purification and removal of heavy metals, sulfur and nitrogen oxides, dust and other composite pollutants, and the other part of the flue gas is guided by an induced draft fan, passes through a secondary plasma and a distributor and is circularly supplemented into the original flue gas. The advantages are that: the stability of dioxin indexes in the discharged flue gas is fully guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for removing dioxin in waste incineration fly ash.
Background
The raw flue gas generated by burning garbage has about 5-50 g/Nm3Dust, 1000-2500 mg/Nm3300 to 1000mg/Nm of hydrogen chloride3SO2 and 100-500 mg/Nm3The hydrogen fluoride also comprises other pollutants such as CO, dioxin, furans, heavy metals (such as mercury, cadmium, arsenic and the like) and the like.
Particularly, when the temperature is 300-600 ℃, the chlorine-containing organic intermediate is easy to synthesize toxic substances such as dioxin, furan and the like with extremely strong biological toxicity, and the substances are easy to enrich and accumulate in ecology if being directly discharged into the atmospheric environment and finally enter the human body through an ecological food chain, thereby causing great harm to the health of human beings.
The traditional treatment method is that activated carbon powder is sprayed in front of a bag type dust collector, the dioxin and heavy metal toxic substances are adsorbed and removed by using the huge surface area of the sprayed activated carbon powder, the waste incineration fly ash collected in the bag type dust collector is removed and belongs to dangerous solid waste, the post-treatment cost of the dangerous waste is very high (1500-4000 yuan/ton), and when the waste incineration is insufficient due to fluctuation of the working condition of an actual incinerator, the content of organic matters such as dioxin, furan and the like in smoke is increased dramatically, and even if a large amount of activated carbon is sprayed, the stable standard of dioxin indexes in the discharged smoke cannot be ensured necessarily.
The price of the activated carbon is 4000-10000 yuan/ton, so that the operation cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for removing dioxin in waste incineration fly ash, which can effectively solve the problem of unstable detection of dioxin indexes in smoke discharged by the conventional waste incineration.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a device of dioxin in desorption msw incineration flying ash, includes auxiliary combustion chamber, distributor, quench tower, one-level plasma, plasma electric dust remover, desulfurizer, bag collector, draught fan and the chimney that connects gradually through the pipeline, auxiliary combustion chamber communicates with each other with burning furnace, the pipeline between draught fan and the chimney still links there is the air-blower, the air-blower passes through pipe connection second grade plasma, second grade plasma still passes through the pipe connection distributor.
Preferably, a cooling water atomizer is arranged in the chilling tower, and the temperature of the flue gas after the flue gas is cooled by the chilling tower is 180-200 ℃.
Preferably, the primary plasma and the secondary plasma have the same structure and respectively comprise a plasma shell, a plasma power supply and a discharge electrode, the plasma power supply is arranged outside the plasma shell and supplies power to the discharge electrode, the discharge electrode is arranged in the plasma shell, and the discharge electrode is provided with a plurality of pieces and is arranged in parallel with the flow direction of the flue gas.
A method for removing dioxin in waste incineration fly ash comprises the steps that flue gas enters a chilling tower from an auxiliary combustion chamber, the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the auxiliary combustion chamber is 300-600 ℃, air rich in free radicals generated by secondary plasma oxidation is uniformly mixed into the flue gas through a distributor, the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the chilling tower is reduced to 180-200 ℃, the flue gas enters a plasma electric dust collector after passing through primary plasma, then is desulfurized through a desulfurizer, is further dedusted through a bag type dust collector, one part of the flue gas is discharged from a chimney, and the other part of the flue gas enters the secondary plasma through an air blower and is guided to the distributor.
Preferably, the primary plasma is arranged behind the chilling tower, and the electric energy is injected into the flue gas through the discharge electrode by the primary plasma to ensure that O in the flue gas2、H2The 0 and other component molecules are excited to be dissociated to generate a large amount of active substances, the high-energy active substances can oxidize gaseous zero-valent mercury in the flue gas into ionic mercury, dioxin macromolecular organic matters are oxidized and degraded into organic carboxylic acid and micromolecular inorganic matters, and low-valent nitrogen oxides are oxidized into high-valent nitrogen oxides and are cooperatively trapped and removed through a desulfurizer and a bag reactor.
Preferably, the desulfurizer adopts a dry or semi-dry desulfurization process, and the desulfurizer adopts slaked lime or baking soda.
Preferably, a sprayer is arranged in the desulfurizer, so that the temperature of flue gas at the outlet of the desulfurizer is reduced from 200 ℃ at the inlet to 150 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: streamer discharge plasma is generated on the surface of the barrier medium by inputting electric energy into the plasma reactor, molecules in the flue gas are excited to generate a large amount of active substances such as charged ions, high-energy electrons, excited atoms, molecules, free radicals and the like, and gaseous elementary substance particle mercury (Hg) in the original flue gas can be treated0) Oxidation to ionic mercury (Hg)2+) The ionic mercury reacts with HCl and the like in the desulfurizing tower to generate HgCl2、Hg2Cl2The stable salt is collected by a bag type dust collector;
meanwhile, the active substances can degrade high-risk carcinogenic macromolecular organic matters such as dioxin, furan and the like in the smoke into carboxylic acid and completely decompose the carboxylic acid into fragmented inorganic small molecules (such as CO and CO)2、H2O, etc.), carboxylic acid and alkaline substance generate carboxylate in the desulfurization and dust removal system, and the carboxylate is absorbed and adsorbed cooperatively for removal.
Through the configuration, the fly ash collected by the desulfurization and dust removal system is changed from hazardous waste into common solid waste, flue plasma can be selectively arranged in front of the chilling tower and behind the chilling tower, and target pollutants such as mercury, dioxin, furan and the like in the flue gas are oxidized to reduce toxicity or completely degrade through energy injection, so that the stability of dioxin indexes in the discharged flue gas is fully guaranteed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for removing dioxin from waste incineration fly ash according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the device for removing dioxin from waste incineration fly ash of the present invention is an embodiment of the device for removing dioxin from waste incineration fly ash of the present invention, which comprises an auxiliary combustion chamber, a distributor 3, a quench tower 4, a primary plasma 5, a plasma electric dust collector 6, a desulfurizer 7, a bag type dust collector 8, an induced draft fan 9 and a chimney 12, which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, wherein the auxiliary combustion chamber is communicated with an incinerator 1, the pipeline between the induced draft fan 9 and the chimney 12 is further connected with an air blower 10, the air blower 10 is connected with a secondary plasma 11 through a pipeline, and the secondary plasma 11 is further connected with the distributor 3 through a pipeline.
Wherein, a cooling water atomizer 41 can be arranged in the chilling tower 4 and used for cooling the entering flue gas so as to reduce the temperature of the flue gas entering the primary plasma 5 and the plasma electro-precipitator 6 and carry out reaction at a more proper temperature.
The primary plasma 5 and the secondary plasma 11 have the same structure and comprise a plasma shell 51 and plasmaThe plasma power supply 52 is arranged outside the plasma shell 51 and supplies power to the discharge electrode 53, the discharge electrode 53 is arranged in the plasma shell 51, the discharge electrode 53 is provided with a plurality of pieces and is arranged in parallel with the flow direction of the flue gas, the obstruction of the discharge electrode 53 to the flue gas can be reduced, the discharge electrode 53(5-3) injects electric energy into the flue gas to excite the component molecules in the flue gas to dissociate to generate a large amount of active substances such as charged ions, high-energy electrons, excited state atoms, molecules, free radicals and the like, and the active substances with high energy can oxidize the gaseous zero-valent mercury in the flue gas into ionic mercury and dioxin-like active carboxylic acids and even completely decompose into small inorganic molecules; meanwhile, the active substance can oxidize low-valence nitrogen oxide (such as NO) in the flue gas into high-valence nitrogen oxide (such as NO)2、N2O4、N2O5Etc.) and are captured in a bag house by reacting with the alkaline substance in the desulfurization system to form a salt.
By adopting the method for removing dioxin in waste incineration fly ash, the flue gas enters the chilling tower 4 from the auxiliary combustion chamber, the flue gas is 300-600 ℃ from the outlet of the auxiliary combustion chamber, the circulating flue gas which is rich in active substances such as charged ions, high-energy electrons, excited atoms, molecules, free radicals and the like after passing through the secondary plasma 11 is uniformly mixed into the original flue gas through the distributor 3, and the dioxin-like target pollutants in the original flue gas are subjected to oxidative degradation; then, the flue gas is cooled in the chilling tower 4, the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the chilling tower 4 is reduced to 180-200 ℃, the flue gas enters the plasma electric dust collector 6 after passing through the primary plasma 5, then the flue gas further achieves the synergistic removal of sulfur, nitrogen oxides, heavy metals, dust and other compound pollutants through the desulfurizer 7 and the bag type dust collector 8, one part of the flue gas is discharged from the chimney 12, and the other part of the flue gas is guided by the air blower 10 to enter the secondary plasma 11 and then is merged into the original flue gas through the distributor 3.
Electric energy is injected into the flue gas through the discharge electrode 53 by primary plasma, so that molecules in the flue gas are excited to generate a large amount of active substances, the high-energy active substances can oxidize gaseous zero-valent mercury in the flue gas into ionic mercury, dioxins are oxidized into organic carboxylic acid or completely degraded into inorganic small molecules, NO is oxidized into high-valence oxides, and the NO is adsorbed in the desulfurizer 7 or reacts with alkaline substances to generate salt to be captured in the bag-type dust collector 8.
The desulfurizer 7 adopts a dry or semi-dry desulfurization process, and the desulfurizer adopts slaked lime or baking soda. High valence nitrogen oxides (e.g. N) in flue gas2O5Etc.), HCl, HF, SO2/SO3And acidic substances such as organic carboxylic acid generated by plasma oxidative degradation are reacted by alkaline substances in the desulfurizing tower 7 in the presence of free water to generate stable inorganic salt, and ionic mercury (Hg) generated by oxidation2+) Then the mercury is absorbed by HCl in the flue gas to generate stable inorganic mercury salt (Hg)2Cl2、HgCl2) And the like. The desulfurizer 7 is internally provided with a sprayer, so that the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the desulfurizer 7 is reduced from 200 ℃ at the inlet to 150 ℃.
Under the operation condition of only the primary plasma 5, when the injected energy density is 4-6W/m 3, the demercuration efficiency can be more than or equal to 80%, the dioxin removal efficiency is more than or equal to 90%, and NO is reducedXThe removal efficiency is more than or equal to 30 percent.
When the high-temperature electric dust collector provided with the plasma power supply 52 with two electric fields only runs, the injected energy density is 0.5W/Nm3, the elemental mercury removal efficiency can be improved by 10-30%, the dioxin removal efficiency is 20-30%, and NO is removedXAbout 10 to 20mg/Nm3Left and right.
Under the condition of only one-stage plasma 5, the injected energy density is 4-10W/Nm3When the catalyst is left and right, the catalyst can realize the mercury removal efficiency of more than or equal to 90 percent, the dioxin removal efficiency of more than or equal to 99 percent and NO removal efficiency of more than or equal to 99 percent in cooperation with desulfurization and dust removalXThe removal efficiency is 30-60%.
In the actual case, a variety of combinations of design choices can be made, including, taking into account factors such as fuel, incinerator type 1, pollutant implementation criteria, etc:
scheme (1): secondary plasma 11+ plasma high-temperature electric dust remover
Scheme (2): primary plasma 5+ plasma high-temperature electric dust remover
Scheme (3): primary plasma 5+ secondary plasma 11+ plasma high-temperature electric dust remover
The invention relates to a method for removing dioxin in waste incineration fly ash, which is characterized in that a plasma reactor is arranged in a flue before incineration flue gas enters a chilling tower 4 or/and in a flue after the chilling tower 4, the plasma reactor comprises a reactor body 51, a plasma power supply 52, a discharge electrode 53 and the like, the positive output of the plasma power supply 52 is connected with the discharge electrode 53, the negative output of the plasma power supply 52 is connected with a grounding electrode, molecules in the flue gas are dissociated by injecting electric energy into the flue gas to generate a large amount of active substances such as charged ions, high-energy electrons, excited state atoms, molecules, free radicals and the like, and the active substances are zero-valent mercury (Hg) in the flue gas0) Oxidizing or degrading with dioxin, introducing the flue gas into a plasma electric dust collector, and continuing to remove elemental mercury (Hg) in the flue gas0) The fly ash is deeply oxidized or degraded with dioxin, degradation intermediate products and the like, primary dust removal is carried out, collected substances are solid waste rather than dangerous waste, and waste gas enters a desulfurization dust removal system for deep purification, so that the treated flue gas meets the requirement of ultra-low emission index, the toxicity of fly ash collected by the system is obviously reduced to be common solid waste, the treatment cost of the dangerous waste is saved, and the resource utilization value of the solid waste is improved.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any changes or modifications within the technical field of the present invention by those skilled in the art are covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a device of dioxin in desorption waste incineration flying ash which characterized in that: include the auxiliary combustion chamber, distributor, quench tower, one-level plasma, plasma electric dust remover, desulfurizer, bag collector, draught fan and the chimney that connect gradually through the pipeline, the auxiliary combustion chamber communicates with each other with burning furnace, the pipeline between draught fan and the chimney still links there is the air-blower, the air-blower passes through pipe connection second grade plasma, second grade plasma still passes through the pipe connection distributor.
2. The apparatus for removing dioxins in fly ash from incineration of waste as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the chilling tower is internally provided with a cooling water atomizer, and the temperature of the flue gas after the flue gas is cooled by the chilling tower is 180-200 ℃.
3. The apparatus for removing dioxins in fly ash from incineration of waste as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the structure of the primary plasma is the same as that of the secondary plasma, and the primary plasma and the secondary plasma both comprise a plasma shell, a plasma power supply and discharge electrodes, wherein the plasma power supply is arranged outside the plasma shell and supplies power for the discharge electrodes, the discharge electrodes are arranged in the plasma shell, and the discharge electrodes are provided with a plurality of pieces and arranged in parallel with the flow direction of flue gas.
4. A method for using the apparatus for removing dioxins in fly ash from incineration of refuse according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the flue gas enters the chilling tower from the auxiliary combustion chamber, the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the auxiliary combustion chamber is 300-600 ℃, and the circulating flue gas which is generated by secondary plasma oxidation and is rich in active substances is uniformly mixed into the original flue gas at the outlet of the auxiliary combustion chamber through the distributor, so that the degradation of dioxin macromolecular organic matters in the flue gas is realized.
5. The method for removing dioxins in fly ash from incineration of waste as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the primary plasma is arranged behind the chilling tower, and the electric energy is injected into the flue gas through the primary plasma and the discharge electrode, so that O in the flue gas2、H2The 0 and other component molecules are excited to be dissociated to generate a large amount of active substances, the high-energy active substances can oxidize gaseous zero-valent mercury in the flue gas into ionic mercury, dioxin macromolecular organic matters are oxidized and degraded into organic carboxylic acid and micromolecular inorganic matters, and low-valent nitrogen oxides are oxidized into high-valent nitrogen oxides and are cooperatively trapped and removed through a desulfurizer and a bag reactor.
6. The method for removing dioxins in fly ash from incineration of waste as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the desulfurizer adopts a dry or semi-dry desulfurization process, and the desulfurizer adopts slaked lime or baking soda.
7. The method for removing dioxins in fly ash from incineration of waste as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the desulfurizer is internally provided with a sprayer, so that the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the desulfurizer is reduced from 200 ℃ at the inlet to 150 ℃.
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Application publication date: 20200710 |