CN111386877B - A kind of grafting method of ruby green pomelo - Google Patents
A kind of grafting method of ruby green pomelo Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种红宝石青柚的嫁接方法，是将横径为0.6‑0.8cm、半木质化的红宝石青柚的接穗，采用切接法嫁接于横径为1.5‑2.5cm的砧木上，嫁接膜缠扎牢固，遮光培养，当接穗抽出新梢后划开新梢旁边的嫁接膜，及时除去砧木上的萌蘖；待新梢老熟后在全光下培育。所述砧木为酸柚或三红蜜柚的实生苗，或者，为酸柚作为基砧，三红蜜柚作为中间砧来进行嫁接。本发明通过严格的砧木准备、削形接穗处理，能够使得砧木与接穗间快速的产生愈伤组织，成活率高，成活之后生长质量良好，植株健壮，嫁接时间明显缩短，为加速红宝石青柚产业快速发展、利用种植价值低的酸柚提供有力技术支撑，特别适合规模化生产与科研需要，具有广阔的应用前景。
The invention discloses a method for grafting ruby green pomelo. The scion of ruby green pomelo with a transverse diameter of 0.6-0.8 cm and semi-lignified is grafted on a rootstock with a transverse diameter of 1.5-2.5 cm by means of cutting and grafting. The film is tightly wrapped and cultivated in shading. When the scion pulls out the new shoot, the grafting film next to the new shoot is cut open, and the sprout on the rootstock is removed in time; after the new shoot is mature, it is cultivated under full light. The rootstock is the seedling of sour pomelo or Sanhong honey pomelo, or, the sour pomelo is used as the base stock, and the Sanhong honey pomelo is grafted as an intermediate stock. Through strict rootstock preparation and scion cutting treatment, the present invention can rapidly generate callus between the rootstock and the scion, with high survival rate, good growth quality after survival, robust plants, and significantly shortened grafting time, which is for accelerating the ruby green pomelo industry. The rapid development and the use of sour pomelo with low planting value provide strong technical support, which is especially suitable for large-scale production and scientific research needs, and has broad application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seedling propagation, in particular to a method for grafting red gem pomelo.
Background
The green pomelo is also called as emerald pomelo, which is originally near Mangu of Thailand, has a low-lying land, is in a short spherical shape, has pink pulp, small fruit center, softer and juicy pulp compared with white pomelo, has high sugar degree and low sour taste, and is also called as honey pomelo. The green pomelo has crystal, crisp and tender fruit meat, thin skin and thick meat, the edible rate reaches more than 80 percent, the juice is rich and seedless, the sweetness is moderate, and the green pomelo is fragrant and tasty when being eaten. The green pomelo fruit can be stored for 2-3 months at normal temperature after being harvested, does not change color, flavor or rot, and still can keep excellent quality and flavor, and the mature fruit can be hung on a tree for months without picking, can not fall off, and has better quality, so the green pomelo fruit can be named as a natural can. The weight of a single fruit is about 2.5 jin, and the big weight can reach 5-6 jin. Each plant of the 2-year-old trees can bear 30-50 fruits by field planting, and the yield per mu can reach 3000 plus 4000 jin; each plant of the 3-year-old tree can bear 50-80 fruits, and the yield per mu can reach 7000-9000 jin; each plant of the 5-year-old tree can bear 100 plus 200 fruits, and the yield per mu can reach ten thousand jin; after entering the high-yield period, each plant can bear more than 300 fruits, the yield per mu can reach two thousand jin, and the yield is extremely high compared with other varieties. The traditional shaddock variety in China generally can be on the market after 10 months and 1 day. The crystal green pomelos begin to appear on the market in the last 6 months of each year, and are harvested to the end of 8 months, so that the crystal green pomelos and the traditional pomelos form a natural out-of-season. The price is competitive. Since the product is put on the market, the selling price per jin is kept above 3 yuan. The market advantage is very outstanding.
The green pomelo is nutritious. Fruit juice soluble solid 12-25%. Every 100mL of fruit juice contains 7-15g of sugar, 0.3-1.5g of acid and 40-250mg of vitamin C; in addition, the beverage is rich in vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin P, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, zinc, potassium, sodium and the like. The juice cells of the oil cell core pulp of the mature fruit peel contain higher alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, volatile organic acids, alkenes and the like, and send out attractive fragrance until the juice cells are full of faint fragrance and the juice cells are fragrant and full of breath when being eaten. The leaves, flowers, fruits and peels of the green pomelos can be extracted to obtain essential oil, the pulp (juice cells) can be prepared into natural beverages such as pomelo juice, pomelo beer and the like, and the pomelo peel can be used as a material and a raw material for processing preserved fruits and can preparation, so that the application value is extremely high.
At present, the propagation of green pomelos mainly comprises seedling propagation and grafting propagation. The seedling propagation method is characterized in that seeds of large and mature fruits are taken, drill sowing or broadcast sowing is adopted, water is fully sprayed after sowing, soil is kept moist, when seedlings grow to 10cm high, the seedlings are planted in beds or transplanted into nutrition bags, and field planting can be carried out after 1 year of cultivation. The grafting propagation can ensure that the offspring keeps the excellent characters of the mother tree, at present, the seedling obtained by sowing is mainly adopted as the stock, and the grafting with the scion is carried out after the seedling grows to a certain height, so the propagation speed of the method is low, and the cost is high.
When a grafting propagation mode is adopted, the stock and the scion are easy to generate absciss layers, and the main reason is that the stock and the scion are incompatible and can not grow callus, or the growing callus can not be communicated with the conduction tissue, or the communicating conduction tissue can not be communicated with other substances for growing other substances because a conduit or a sieve tube is blocked and can not carry out nutrition exchange. Secondly, the grafting method has certain influence on the grafting method, for example, the citrus grafting in spring is not mainly performed by cutting grafting, but is performed by selecting abdominal grafting wrongly. Due to excessive abdominal grafting, the rootstock trees are disadvantaged in competing for nutrients after bud survival, and therefore the seedlings die.
There are many varieties of Thai green pomelos, such as Thai ruby green pomelos, Thai emerald green pomelos, Thai honey pomelos, Thai kaya green pomelos, and the like, and the varieties are various. The red pomelo has fresh, sweet and delicious taste, low annual output and relatively expensive market price compared with other varieties of pomelo.
The researchers of the invention find that the red gem green pomelo is easy to have a separation layer during grafting, and the grafted seedling is not good enough in growth and fruit bearing conditions after survival, mainly because the compatibility of the stock and the scion is not enough, the activity of the stock or the scion is low, the callus growth is slow after grafting, and the subsequent planting, growth, fruit bearing, product quality and the like are greatly influenced.
Therefore, the grafting method for reducing abscission is adopted to breed the ruby green pomelos, the survival rate and the growth quality of the ruby green pomelos seedlings are improved, and the planting economic benefit is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the grafting method of the red pomelos with high survival rate, high growth speed and good growth quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for grafting Hongbaoshiqing pomelos, which is characterized in that scions of the Hongbaoshiqing pomelos with the transverse diameter of 0.6-0.8cm and semi-lignification are grafted on stocks with the transverse diameter of 1.5-2.5cm by adopting a cutting grafting method, grafting films are firmly wound and pricked, shading culture is carried out, the grafting films beside young shoots are cut after the scions draw the young shoots, and the sprouts on the stocks are removed in time; culturing under full light after young shoots are aged;
the stock is the seedling of sour shaddock or three red honey shaddock, or, the stock adopts sour shaddock as the foundation stock, and three red honey shaddock is as the interstock to carry out the grafting.
Preferably, when the seedlings of the sour pomelos or the three red honey pomelos are adopted as the stocks, the grafting steps are as follows:
(a1) selecting semi-lignified spring shoots or autumn shoots which are full in growth, 0.6-0.8cm in transverse diameter, full in bud eyes and free of diseases and insect pests as scions on the middle upper part or the periphery of the crown of a healthy, strong, virus-free and high-yield adult ruby green pomelo tree, and reserving one bud eye;
(a2) cutting the scion of (a1) at an angle of 45 degrees at 1-1.5cm below the bud eye to form a short cut surface, turning over the branch, cutting the scion at an angle of 30 degrees from the bottom of the bud eye to form a long cut surface with the length of 1.5-2.5cm, and activating the scion for later use;
(a3) selecting 1.5-2.5 cm-diameter sour pomelo or three-red honey pomelo seedlings, cutting the stock at a position 7-14cm away from the ground, cutting the position between the phloem and the xylem into a 2-3cm cut, smearing a surfactant aqueous solution on the cut, and carrying out magnetization treatment for later use;
(a4) inserting the scion (a2) into the stock notch (a3), wherein the long cutting surface of the scion faces the inner side of the stock, the cambium layers of the stock and the scion are aligned and attached tightly, the stock and the scion are wound and tied firmly by using a grafting film, culturing in a shading mode, cutting the grafting film beside a young sprout after the young sprout of the scion is extracted, and removing the sprout on the stock in time; and culturing the young shoots under full light after the young shoots are aged.
Preferably, when the sour pomelo fruit tree is used as a base stock and the three-red pomelo fruit tree is used as an intermediate stock for grafting, the grafting steps are as follows:
(b1) selecting semi-lignified spring shoots or autumn shoots which are full in growth, 0.6-0.8cm in transverse diameter, full in bud eyes and free of diseases and insect pests as scions on the middle upper part or the periphery of the crown of a healthy, strong, virus-free and high-yield adult ruby green pomelo tree, and reserving one bud eye;
(b2) cutting the scion of the step (b1) at an angle of 45 degrees at 1-1.5cm below the bud eye to form a short cut surface, turning over the branch, cutting the scion at an angle of 30 degrees from the bottom of the bud eye to form a long cut surface with the length of 1.5-2.5cm, and activating the scion for later use;
(b3) selecting three red honey pomelos to graft the pomelos, taking the pomelos as a base stock and the three red honey pomelos as an intermediate stock, wherein the base stock and the intermediate stock grow for more than 10 years, selecting branches with the cross diameter of 1.5-2.5 at the middle part or the upper part of the intermediate stock, cutting the branches to the outer 7-10cm from the branch branches, cutting the parts between the phloem and the xylem of the cut surfaces to form a cut of 2-3cm downwards, and coating a surfactant aqueous solution at the cut for later use;
(b4) inserting the scion of (b2) into the notch of the intermediate stock of (b3), wherein the long cutting surface of the scion faces the inner side of the intermediate stock, the cambium layers of the stock and the scion are aligned and attached tightly, the stock and the scion are wound and tied firmly by using a grafting film, culturing in a shading mode, cutting the grafting film beside the young sprout after the young sprout of the scion is extracted, and removing the sprout on the stock in time; and culturing the young shoots under full light after the young shoots are aged.
Preferably, the specific method for the scion activation treatment is as follows: soaking the section of the scion in a container containing an activation solution at the temperature of 30-38 ℃, placing the container in an ultrasonic generator, adjusting the power of the ultrasonic generator to 150-.
Preferably, the activator is a mixed aqueous solution of a surfactant, cytokinin and indoleacetic acid.
Preferably, the concentration of the surfactant in the activation solution is 600-800mg/L, the concentration of the indoleacetic acid is 1-10mg/L, and the concentration of the cytokinin is 0.05-10 mg/L.
Preferably, the cytokinin is any one of forchlorfenuron, 6-BA, gibberellin, isopentenyl adenine and thidiazuron.
Preferably, the surfactant is any one of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, hexadecyl trimethyl alkyl chloride and octadecyl trimethyl alkyl chloride.
Preferably, the specific method for the rootstock magnetization treatment in the step (a3) is as follows: the rootstock is put into a magnetizer, the magnetic induction intensity is controlled to be 1500-one 1600Gs, and the processing is carried out for 0.5-1 h.
Preferably, the surfactant aqueous solution is any one aqueous solution of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, hexadecyl trimethyl alkyl chloride and octadecyl trimethyl alkyl chloride; the concentration of the surfactant aqueous solution is 600-800 mg/L.
In addition to the graft method, any one of a laplace method, a cleft grafting method, a cut-and-stick grafting method, and a graft method may be used for grafting.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the researchers of the invention find that the scion of the red gem and the green pomelo with the transverse diameter of 0.6-0.8cm and the stock with the transverse diameter of 1.5-2.5cm have moderate lignification degree, strong activity and vigorous metabolism, are beneficial to healing of grafting wounds, greatly improve the grafting survival rate, and after the grafting survives, because the root system quality of the selected stock variety is good, the grafted seedling recovers quickly and grows quickly, the seedling time is effectively shortened, the investment cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is obvious.
2. The invention carries out ultrasonic activation treatment on the ruby green pomelo scion, the adopted activation solution contains surfactant and indoleacetic acid, cytokinin and other possible substances, and the ultrasonic activation treatment can promote the activation of the cells in the ruby green pomelo scion and promote the growth of the cells of the indoleacetic acid and the cytokinin on the scion. The surfactant in the activating solution also has a good sterilization function, effectively kills pathogens on the scions of the red gem pomelos and reduces the virus infection rate.
3. The invention provides a plurality of stock choices, which can adopt the sour pomelo or the three-red honey pomelo as the stock, and can also adopt the sour pomelo (basal stock) and the three-red honey pomelo (middle stock). When the sour pomelos or the three-red honey pomelos are used as the rootstocks, the rootstocks are magnetized, so that the cells of the rootstocks can be activated, the functions and the activity of the rootstocks are enhanced, and the healing of the rootstock and the scion forming layer after grafting is facilitated. The method has the advantages that the root system of the sour pomelo is developed, the sour pomelo grows fast, the affinity is good, three red honey pomelos with the root system more than 10 years are grafted on the sour pomelo, the sour pomelo gradually passes through the full bearing period, the yield and the quality are reduced, the tree age of the pomelo tree is long, the time required by the development and the maturity is longer, the pomelo tree obtained by grafting the three red honey pomelos with the sour pomelo in the full bearing period of the three red honey pomelos is utilized for grafting the red honey pomelos, the high-quality and high-yield red honey pomelos are improved, and the economic benefit is great.
4. Before grafting, the cut of the stock is coated with a surfactant aqueous solution, and the influence of an isolation layer formed between the ruby green pomelo scion and the stock due to tannin or other barrier substances can be overcome by the permeation of the surfactant. Due to the penetration of the surfactant, the conveying of the sap between the scion and the stock of the red pomelo is enhanced, so that the stock and the scion are better compatible.
5. Through tests, the activated red pomelo scion and the magnetized sour pomelo or three-red pomelo rootstock are adopted for grafting, the survival rate of the red pomelo grafted seedling assembly can reach 95.17%, and the survival rate of the red pomelo is 96.33% by adopting the rootstock of the 'base stock + intermediate stock' for grafting. According to the grafting method, due to the strict stock preparation and the cut-shaped scion treatment in the grafting process, callus can be rapidly generated between the stock and the scion of the red pomelo, the survival rate of the plant is improved, the growth quality is good after the plant survives, the plant is robust, the grafting time is obviously shortened, and compared with the red pomelo which normally grows after being picked, the weight and the taste are basically consistent, so that powerful technical support is provided for accelerating the rapid development of the red pomelo industry and utilizing the acid pomelo with low planting value.
In conclusion, the method for grafting the ruby green pomelos is simple to operate and low in cost, good variety characteristics of the ruby green pomelos seedlings obtained by grafting can be guaranteed, the fruit bearing rate is high, the fruit taste is good, the planting economic benefit is good, the method is particularly suitable for large-scale production and scientific research needs, and the application prospect is wide.
Drawings
FIGS. 1 and 2 show the grafted seedlings obtained by the grafting method of example 1 of the present invention, and FIGS. 3 and 4 show the grafted seedlings obtained by the control group.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to preferred embodiments. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, which may be practiced without these specific details.
Example 1
A method for grafting red gem and green pomelo comprises the following steps:
(a1) selecting a semi-lignified spring shoot which grows fully, has a cross diameter of 0.7cm, plump bud eyes and no diseases and insect pests on the middle upper part of a crown of a healthy, strong, virus-free and high-yield adult ruby green pomelo tree as a scion, and reserving a bud eye;
(a2) cutting the scion of (a1) at an angle of 45 degrees at a position 1cm below a bud eye to form a short cut surface, turning over a branch, cutting the long cut surface with an angle of 30 degrees from the position below the bud eye to form a long cut surface with a length of 1.5cm, soaking the scion in a container containing an activating solution, wherein the temperature of the activating solution is 30 ℃, putting the container into an ultrasonic generator, adjusting the power of the ultrasonic generator to be 150W, keeping for 3min, and completing activation for later use;
(a3) selecting a grapefruit seedling with the transverse diameter of 1.5cm, cutting an anvil at a position 7cm away from the ground, cutting the grapefruit seedling downwards between a phloem and a xylem of a section into a cut with the depth of 2cm, then coating a surfactant aqueous solution at the cut, putting the grapefruit seedling into a magnetizer, controlling the magnetic induction intensity to be 1500Gs, processing for 1h, and carrying out magnetization processing for later use;
(a4) inserting the scion (a2) into the stock notch (a3), wherein the long cutting surface of the scion faces the inner side of the stock, the cambium layers of the stock and the scion are aligned and attached tightly, the stock and the scion are wound and tied firmly by using a grafting film, culturing in a shading mode, cutting the grafting film beside a young sprout after the young sprout of the scion is extracted, and removing the sprout on the stock in time; and culturing the young shoots under full light after the young shoots are aged.
The surfactant aqueous solution is dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 600 mg/L.
The activating solution contains dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride with the concentration of 600mg/L, indoleacetic acid with the concentration of 1mg/L and gibberellin with the concentration of 0.05 mg/L.
Example 2
A method for grafting red gem and green pomelo comprises the following steps:
(a1) selecting a semi-lignified spring shoot which grows fully, has a cross diameter of 0.6cm, plump bud eyes and no diseases and insect pests on the periphery of a crown of a healthy, strong, virus-free and high-yield adult ruby green pomelo tree as a scion, and reserving a bud eye;
(a2) cutting the scion of (a1) at an angle of 45 degrees at a position 1.2cm below a bud eye to form a short cut surface, turning over a branch, cutting the long cut surface with a length of 2.0cm from the position below the bud eye to a position 30 degrees downwards, soaking the scion in a container containing an activating solution, wherein the temperature of the activating solution is 32 ℃, putting the container into an ultrasonic generator, adjusting the power of the ultrasonic generator to 160W, and keeping for 2.8min to complete activation for later use;
(a3) selecting a grapefruit seedling with the transverse diameter of 2.0cm, cutting an anvil at a position 10cm away from the ground, cutting a cut with the depth of 2.5cm downwards between a phloem and a xylem of a section, then coating a surfactant aqueous solution at the cut, putting the cut into a magnetizer, controlling the magnetic induction intensity to be 1550Gs, processing for 0.7h, and carrying out magnetization processing for later use;
(a4) inserting the scion (a2) into the stock notch (a3), wherein the long cutting surface of the scion faces the inner side of the stock, the cambium layers of the stock and the scion are aligned and attached tightly, the stock and the scion are wound and tied firmly by using a grafting film, culturing in a shading mode, cutting the grafting film beside a young sprout after the young sprout of the scion is extracted, and removing the sprout on the stock in time; and culturing the young shoots under full light after the young shoots are aged.
The surfactant aqueous solution is a hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 630 mg/L.
The activating solution contains 630mg/L hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 2mg/L indoleacetic acid and 1mg/L forchlorfenuron.
Example 3
A method for grafting red gem and green pomelo comprises the following steps:
(a1) selecting a semi-lignified autumn shoot which grows fully, has a cross diameter of 0.8cm, a full bud eye and no diseases and insect pests on the upper part of a crown of a healthy, strong, virus-free and high-yield adult ruby green pomelo tree as a scion, and reserving a bud eye;
(a2) cutting the scion of (a1) at an angle of 45 degrees at a position 1.5cm below a bud eye to form a short cut surface, turning over a branch, cutting the long cut surface with a length of 2.2cm from the position below the bud eye to a position 30 degrees downwards, soaking the scion in a container containing an activating solution, wherein the temperature of the activating solution is 34 ℃, putting the container into an ultrasonic generator, adjusting the power of the ultrasonic generator to 170W, and keeping for 2.6min to complete activation for later use;
(a3) selecting a grapefruit seedling with the transverse diameter of 2.5cm, cutting an anvil at a position 12cm away from the ground, cutting the grapefruit seedling downwards between a phloem and a xylem of a section into a cut with the depth of 2.8cm, then coating a surfactant aqueous solution on the cut, putting the cut into a magnetizer, controlling the magnetic induction intensity to be 1550Gs, processing for 0.5h, and carrying out magnetization processing for later use;
(a4) inserting the scion (a2) into the stock notch (a3), wherein the long cutting surface of the scion faces the inner side of the stock, the cambium layers of the stock and the scion are aligned and attached tightly, the stock and the scion are wound and tied firmly by using a grafting film, culturing in a shading mode, cutting the grafting film beside a young sprout after the young sprout of the scion is extracted, and removing the sprout on the stock in time; and culturing the young shoots under full light after the young shoots are aged.
The surfactant aqueous solution is an octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 650 mg/L.
The activating solution contains 650mg/L octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 3mg/L indoleacetic acid and 2 mg/L6-BA.
Example 4
A method for grafting red gem and green pomelo comprises the following steps:
(a1) selecting a semi-lignified autumn shoot which grows fully, has a cross diameter of 0.7cm, plump bud eyes and no diseases and insect pests on the periphery of a crown of a healthy, strong, virus-free and high-yield adult ruby green pomelo tree as a scion, and reserving a bud eye;
(a2) cutting the scion of (a1) at an angle of 45 degrees at a position 1.5cm below a bud eye to form a short cut surface, turning over a branch, cutting the long cut surface with a length of 2.5cm from the position below the bud eye to a position 30 degrees downwards, soaking the scion in a container containing an activating solution, wherein the temperature of the activating solution is 36 ℃, putting the container into an ultrasonic generator, adjusting the power of the ultrasonic generator to 186W, keeping for 2.3min, and completing activation for later use;
(a3) selecting three red honey pomelo seedlings with the transverse diameter of 2.5cm, cutting an anvil at a position 14cm away from the ground, downwards cutting into a cut with the depth of 2.8cm between a phloem and a xylem of a section, then coating a surfactant aqueous solution at the cut, putting the cut into a magnetizer, controlling the magnetic induction intensity to be 1600Gs, processing for 0.5h, and carrying out magnetization processing for later use;
(a4) inserting the scion (a2) into the stock notch (a3), wherein the long cutting surface of the scion faces the inner side of the stock, the cambium layers of the stock and the scion are aligned and attached tightly, the stock and the scion are wound and tied firmly by using a grafting film, culturing in a shading mode, cutting the grafting film beside a young sprout after the young sprout of the scion is extracted, and removing the sprout on the stock in time; and culturing the young shoots under full light after the young shoots are aged.
The surfactant aqueous solution is an octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 700 mg/L.
The activating solution contains octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride with the concentration of 700mg/L, indoleacetic acid with the concentration of 4mg/L and thidiazuron with the concentration of 8 mg/L.
Example 5
A high grafting and replanting method for ruby green pomelos comprises the following steps:
(b1) selecting a semi-lignified spring shoot which grows fully, has a cross diameter of 0.7cm, plump bud eyes and no diseases and insect pests on the periphery of a crown of a healthy, strong, virus-free and high-yield adult ruby green pomelo tree as a scion, and reserving a bud eye;
(b2) cutting the scion of the step (b1) at an angle of 45 degrees at a position 1cm below a bud eye to form a short cut surface, turning over a branch, cutting the long cut surface with an angle of 30 degrees from the position below the bud eye to form a long cut surface with a length of 1.5cm, soaking the scion in a container containing an activating solution, wherein the temperature of the activating solution is 38 ℃, placing the container in an ultrasonic generator, adjusting the power of the ultrasonic generator to 200W, keeping for 2min, and completing activation for later use;
(b3) selecting three red honey pomelos to graft the pomelos, taking the pomelos as a base stock and the three red honey pomelos as an intermediate stock, wherein the base stock and the intermediate stock grow for 10 years, thinning closely-growing branches, ill branches, dead branches, redundant main branches and auxiliary main branches near the middle part of the intermediate stock, reserving 30% of an original tree skeleton of the intermediate stock, reserving the lower part of a crown and small branches in an inner chamber as auxiliary cultivating branches, selecting branches with the cross diameter of 2.5cm in the middle part of the intermediate stock, conducting cutting from the branch branches to the outer 7cm, cutting into 2 cm-deep cuts between phloem and xylem of a cross section along the axial direction of the branches, and smearing surfactant aqueous solution at the cuts for later use;
(b4) inserting the scion of (b2) into the notch of the intermediate stock of (b3), wherein the long cutting surface of the scion faces the inner side of the intermediate stock, the cambium layers of the stock and the scion are aligned and attached tightly, the stock and the scion are wound and tied firmly by using a grafting film, culturing in a shading mode, cutting the grafting film beside the young sprout after the young sprout of the scion is extracted, and removing the sprout on the stock in time; and culturing the young shoots under full light after the young shoots are aged.
The surfactant aqueous solution is dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 750 mg/L.
The activating solution contains dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride with the concentration of 750mg/L, indoleacetic acid with the concentration of 10mg/L and isopentenyl adenine with the concentration of 5 mg/L.
Example 6
A high grafting and replanting method for ruby green pomelos comprises the following steps:
(b1) selecting a semi-lignified autumn shoot which grows fully, has a cross diameter of 0.6cm, a full bud eye and no diseases and insect pests on the middle part of a crown of a healthy, strong, virus-free and high-yield adult ruby green pomelo tree as a scion, and reserving a bud eye;
(b2) cutting the scion of (b1) at an angle of 45 degrees at a position 1.5cm below a bud eye of the scion to form a short cut surface, turning over branches, cutting the scion at an angle of 30 degrees from the position below the bud eye to form a long cut surface, wherein the long cut surface is 2.5cm, soaking the scion in a container containing an activating solution, wherein the temperature of the activating solution is 38 ℃, placing the container in an ultrasonic generator, adjusting the power of the ultrasonic generator to be 180W, keeping for 2.5min, and completing activation for later use;
(b3) selecting three red honey pomelos to graft the pomelos, taking the pomelos as a base stock and the three red honey pomelos as an intermediate stock, wherein the base stock and the intermediate stock grow for 12 years, thinning closely-growing branches, ill branches, dead branches, redundant main branches and auxiliary main branches near the middle part of the intermediate stock, reserving 35% of an original tree skeleton of the intermediate stock, reserving the lower part of a crown and small branches in an inner chamber as auxiliary cultivating branches, selecting branches with the cross diameter of 1.5cm at the upper part of the intermediate stock, cutting surfaces from the branch branches to the outer 10cm, cutting a 3cm cut between a phloem and a xylem of a cross section along the axis of the branches, and smearing a surfactant aqueous solution at the cut for later use;
(b4) inserting the scion of (b2) into the notch of the intermediate stock of (b3), wherein the long cutting surface of the scion faces the inner side of the intermediate stock, the cambium layers of the stock and the scion are aligned and attached tightly, the stock and the scion are wound and tied firmly by using a grafting film, culturing in a shading mode, cutting the grafting film beside the young sprout after the young sprout of the scion is extracted, and removing the sprout on the stock in time; and culturing the young shoots under full light after the young shoots are aged.
The surfactant aqueous solution is a hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 800 mg/L.
The activating solution contains hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride with the concentration of 800mg/L, 8mg/L indoleacetic acid and 10mg/L gibberellin.
Example 7
A method for grafting red gem and green pomelo comprises the following steps:
(c1) selecting a semi-lignified spring shoot which grows fully, has a cross diameter of 0.8cm, plump bud eyes and no diseases and insect pests on the middle upper part of a crown of a healthy, strong, virus-free and high-yield adult ruby green pomelo tree as a scion, and reserving a bud eye;
(c2) cutting the scion of (c1) at an angle of 45 degrees at a position 1cm below the bud eye to form a short cut surface, turning over the branch, cutting the scion at an angle of 30 degrees from the position below the bud eye to form a long cut surface, wherein the long cut surface is 1.5cm, soaking the scion in a container containing an activating solution, wherein the temperature of the activating solution is 35 ℃, placing the container in an ultrasonic generator, adjusting the power of the ultrasonic generator to be 180W, keeping for 2min, and completing activation for later use;
(c3) selecting a grapefruit seedling with the transverse diameter of 1.5cm, cutting an anvil at a position 7cm away from the ground, downwardly splitting a 2.5 cm-deep split opening in the center of a section, then coating a surfactant aqueous solution at the split opening, putting into a magnetizer, controlling the magnetic induction intensity to be 1500Gs, processing for 1h, and carrying out magnetization processing for later use;
(c4) the top of a drill rod is used for opening a split opening, the scion (c2) is inserted into the chopping opening of the stock (c3), the cambium outside the scion is connected with the cambium of the stock, the drill rod is drawn out, the stock and the scion are firmly wound and bundled by a grafting film, light-shielding culture is carried out, the grafting film beside a young shoot is cut after the young shoot of the scion is drawn out, and the sprout tiller on the stock is removed in time; and culturing the young shoots under full light after the young shoots are aged.
The surfactant aqueous solution is dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 780 mg/L.
The activating solution contains dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride with concentration of 780mg/L, 8mg/L indoleacetic acid and 7mg/L gibberellin.
Example 8
A method for grafting red gem and green pomelo comprises the following steps:
(d1) selecting a semi-lignified spring shoot which grows fully, has a cross diameter of 0.6cm, plump bud eyes and no diseases and insect pests on the periphery of a crown of a healthy, strong, virus-free and high-yield adult ruby green pomelo tree as a scion, and reserving a bud eye;
(d2) cutting the scion of (d1) at an angle of 45 degrees at a position 1.2cm below a bud eye of the scion to form a short cut surface of 1cm long, turning a branch, cutting the scion downwards at an angle of 45 degrees from the position 1.2cm below the bud eye to a depth of 0.2cm, vertically cutting the scion downwards to form a long cut surface, soaking the scion in a container containing an activating solution, wherein the temperature of the activating solution is 33 ℃, putting the container into an ultrasonic generator, adjusting the power of the ultrasonic generator to 150W, keeping for 3min, and completing activation for later use;
(d3) selecting a grapefruit seedling with the transverse diameter of 2.0cm, cutting an anvil at a position 7cm away from the ground, vertically cutting a longitudinal opening downwards at one side of a section, wherein the width of the longitudinal opening is 0.6cm, the depth of the longitudinal opening is 3cm, obliquely cutting a bark downwards from outside to inside at the cutting opening of the rootstock for cutting the bark, then coating a surfactant aqueous solution at the cutting opening, putting the bark into a magnetizer, controlling the magnetic induction intensity to be 1550Gs, processing for 0.7h, and carrying out magnetization processing for later use;
(d4) aligning and tightly attaching the long cutting surface of the scion of the (d2) and the cut of the stock of the (d3), firmly winding and binding the stock and the scion by using a grafting film, culturing in a shading mode, cutting the grafting film beside a young sprout after the young sprout of the scion is drawn out, and removing the sprout on the stock in time; and culturing the young shoots under full light after the young shoots are aged.
The surfactant aqueous solution is an octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 660 mg/L.
The activating solution contains octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride with the concentration of 660mg/L, indoleacetic acid with the concentration of 5mg/L and isopentenyl adenine with the concentration of 1 mg/L.
Example 9
A method for grafting red gem and green pomelo comprises the following steps:
(e1) selecting a semi-lignified autumn shoot which grows fully, has a cross diameter of 0.8cm, a full bud eye and no diseases and insect pests on the upper part of a crown of a healthy, strong, virus-free and high-yield adult ruby green pomelo tree as a scion, and reserving a bud eye;
(e2) cutting the scion of (e1) downwards below the bud eyes of the scion at an angle of 30 degrees to form a long cut surface, wherein the length of the long cut surface is 4cm, soaking the scion in a container containing an activation solution, wherein the temperature of the activation solution is 34 ℃, putting the container in an ultrasonic generator, adjusting the power of the ultrasonic generator to be 170W, and keeping for 2.6min to complete activation for later use;
(e3) selecting a grapefruit seedling with the transverse diameter of 2.5cm, cutting an anvil at a position 12cm away from the ground, obliquely cutting a cut surface with the length of 4cm and the width of 0.8cm downwards and outwards from the cross section, then coating a surfactant aqueous solution on the cut surface, putting the cut surface into a magnetizer, controlling the magnetic induction intensity to be 1550Gs, processing for 0.5h, and carrying out magnetization processing for later use;
(e4) jointing the long cutting surface of the scion of (e2) with the cutting surface of the stock of (e3), aligning cambium layers, firmly winding and bundling the stock and the scion by using a grafting film, culturing in a shading mode, cutting the grafting film beside a young sprout after the young sprout of the scion is drawn out, and removing the sprout on the stock in time; and culturing the young shoots under full light after the young shoots are aged.
The surfactant aqueous solution is dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 720 mg/L.
The activating solution contains 720mg/L dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 7mg/L indoleacetic acid and 2mg/L thidiazuron.
Comparison of growth of grafted seedlings
In order to verify the transverse diameters of the rootstock and the scion in the grafting method, the following tests are carried out by researchers of the invention on the survival rate of the grafted seedlings of the ruby green pomelos and the growth quality after survival.
Test 1: 350 scions with the transverse diameter of 0.3-1.2cm are respectively selected and divided into 10 groups, and each group corresponds to scions with different transverse diameters (group A1: 0.3cm, group A2: 0.4cm … …, group A10: 1.2 cm). The grapefruit stocks with the transverse diameter of 1.5cm are uniformly adopted, the grafting method of the embodiment 1 is adopted, and the survival rate and the growth condition after survival of 10 groups of grafted seedlings are compared.
Test 2: respectively selecting 35 grapefruit stocks with transverse diameters of 0.8cm, 1.0cm, 1.2cm, 1.5cm, 1.8cm, 2.0cm, 2.2cm, 2.5cm, 2.8cm and 3.0cm, and dividing the grapefruit stocks into a group B1 and a group B2 … … and a group B10. The scions with the transverse diameter of 0.7cm are uniformly adopted, the grafting method of the embodiment 2 is adopted, and the survival rate and the growth condition after survival of 10 groups of grafted seedlings are compared.
Test 3: randomly selecting 10 grapefruit trees (three red pomelos grafted with lime pomelos) with basically consistent growth vigor, and dividing the 10 grapefruit trees into 10 groups, namely a group C1 and a group C2 … … group C10. The test was performed according to the top grafting method of example 5, where 10 shoots were selected for scion (scion cross diameter 0.7cm) per rootstock, each group corresponding to a rootstock of different cross diameter (0.8cm, 1.0cm, 1.2cm, 1.5cm, 1.8cm, 2.0cm, 2.2cm, 2.5cm, 2.8cm, 3.0 cm). The survival rate and growth after survival were compared in 10 groups.
Test 4: randomly selecting 10 grapefruit trees (three red pomelos grafted with lime pomelos) with basically consistent growth vigor, and dividing the 10 grapefruit trees into 10 groups, namely a group D1 and a group D2 … … and a group D10. According to the test of the high grafting method in example 6, 10 branches with the transverse diameter of 1.5cm are selected from each rootstock for grafting, each group corresponds to the grafting with different transverse diameters (0.3cm, 0.4cm and 0.5cm … … 1.2.2 cm), and the survival rate and the growth condition after survival of 10 groups are compared.
The test results are shown in Table 1.
| Group of | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | A6 | A7 | A8 | A9 | A10 |
| Number of survivors/plant | 27 | 28 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 33 | 30 | 28 | 29 | 27 |
| The survival rate is high | 77.1 | 80.0 | 91.4 | 94.3 | 97.1 | 94.3 | 85.7 | 80.0 | 82.9 | 77.1 |
| Growth situation | Is poor | Is better | Good effect | Is excellent in | Is excellent in | Is excellent in | Good effect | Is better | Is better | Is poor |
| Group of | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | B8 | B9 | B10 |
| Number of survivors/plant | 26 | 27 | 26 | 30 | 33 | 32 | 31 | 24 | 21 | 21 |
| The survival rate is high | 74.3 | 77.1 | 74.3 | 85.7 | 94.3 | 91.4 | 88.6 | 68.6 | 60.0 | 60.0 |
| Growth situation | Is poor | Is poor | Is poor | Good effect | Is excellent in | Is excellent in | Good effect | Is poor | Is poor | Is poor |
| Group of | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | C8 | C9 | C10 |
| Number of scion survival | 6 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 |
| Growth situation | Is poor | Is better | Is poor | Good effect | Is excellent in | Is excellent in | Good effect | Is poor | Is poor | Is poor |
| Group of | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 |
| Number of scion survival | 5 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 5 |
| Growth situation | Is poor | Is poor | Good effect | Is excellent in | Is excellent in | Is excellent in | Good effect | Good effect | Good effect | Is poor |
TABLE 1
As shown in Table 1, when seedlings are grafted, the transverse diameters of stocks are unified, and different transverse diameters of scions are tested, so that the transverse diameters of the scions are 0.6-0.8cm, the survival rate is high, leaves of the grafted seedlings are thick and robust after the grafted seedlings survive, and the growth vigor is excellent. When the cross diameters of the scions are unified and stocks with different cross diameters are adopted for grafting, the survival rate of grafted seedlings with the stock cross diameter of 1.8-2.0cm is the highest, and the grafted seedlings grow best through observation and comparison. When the high grafting seed changing test is carried out, the results of the test 3 and the test 4 show that the transverse diameter of the rootstock is between 1.8 and 2.0, the cross diameter of the scion is between 0.6 and 0.8cm, the growth vigor is the best, the survival rate is higher, and the survival and growth rules are consistent with those of the test 1 and the test 2.
Test 5: 300 scions with the transverse diameter of 0.7cm and 300 grapefruit stocks with the transverse diameter of 1.8cm are selected, and the scions and the stocks are respectively and randomly divided into a test group and a control group. The stocks of the test groups were magnetized, the scions were activated, and the stocks and scions of the control groups were not treated as described above. The control and test groups were grafted according to the method of example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2.
The scions used in the above tests 1-5 were all red baoshi green pomelo scions.
| Group of | Test group | Control group |
| Number of survivors/plant | 145 | 127 |
| The survival rate is high | 96.7 | 84.7 |
| Growth condition of survival grafted seedling | Is excellent in | Is poor |
TABLE 2
As shown in Table 2, the survival rate of the grafted scions subjected to the activation treatment and the stocks subjected to the magnetization treatment is obviously improved. And the grafted seedlings after survival have very good growth vigor, the scions and the stocks have very good affinity (as shown in figure 1 and figure 2), and few delamination phenomena occur. The survival rate of the grafted seedlings in the control group is low, the grafted seedlings do not grow well after survival, and a certain degree of abscission layer appears between the stock and the spike (as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4).
Claims (8)
1. A method for grafting Hongbaoshiqing pomelo is characterized in that scion of Hongbaoshiqing pomelo with a transverse diameter of 0.6-0.8cm and semi-lignification is grafted on a stock with a transverse diameter of 1.5-2.5cm by adopting a cutting grafting method, a grafting film is firmly wound and pricked, shading culture is carried out, the grafting film beside a young sprout is cut after the scion is drawn out of the young sprout, and the sprout on the stock is removed in time; culturing under full light after young shoots are aged;
the stock is a seedling of the sour pomelo or the three red honey pomelo, or the stock is grafted by taking the sour pomelo as a base stock and the three red honey pomelo as an intermediate stock;
when the seedling of the sour pomelo or the three red honey pomelo is adopted as the stock, the grafting steps are as follows:
(a1) selecting semi-lignified spring shoots or autumn shoots which are full in growth, 0.6-0.8cm in transverse diameter, full in bud eyes and free of diseases and insect pests as scions on the middle upper part or the periphery of the crown of a healthy, strong, virus-free and high-yield adult ruby green pomelo tree, and reserving one bud eye;
(a2) cutting the scion of (a1) at an angle of 45 degrees at 1-1.5cm below the bud eye to form a short cut surface, turning over the branch, cutting the scion at an angle of 30 degrees from the bottom of the bud eye to form a long cut surface with the length of 1.5-2.5cm, and activating the scion for later use;
(a3) selecting 1.5-2.5 cm-diameter sour pomelo or three-red honey pomelo seedlings, cutting the stock at a position 7-14cm away from the ground, cutting the position between the phloem and the xylem into a 2-3cm cut, smearing a surfactant aqueous solution on the cut, and carrying out magnetization treatment for later use;
(a4) inserting the scion (a2) into the stock notch (a3), wherein the long cutting surface of the scion faces the inner side of the stock, the cambium layers of the stock and the scion are aligned and attached tightly, the stock and the scion are wound and tied firmly by using a grafting film, culturing in a shading mode, cutting the grafting film beside a young sprout after the young sprout of the scion is extracted, and removing the sprout on the stock in time; culturing under full light after young shoots are aged;
when the sour pomelo fruit tree is used as a base stock and the three-red pomelo fruit tree is used as an intermediate stock for grafting, the grafting steps are as follows:
(b1) selecting semi-lignified spring shoots or autumn shoots which are full in growth, 0.6-0.8cm in transverse diameter, full in bud eyes and free of diseases and insect pests as scions on the middle upper part or the periphery of the crown of a healthy, strong, virus-free and high-yield adult ruby green pomelo tree, and reserving one bud eye;
(b2) cutting the scion of the step (b1) at an angle of 45 degrees at 1-1.5cm below the bud eye to form a short cut surface, turning over the branch, cutting the scion at an angle of 30 degrees from the bottom of the bud eye to form a long cut surface with the length of 1.5-2.5cm, and activating the scion for later use;
(b3) selecting three red honey pomelos to graft the pomelos, taking the pomelos as a base stock and the three red honey pomelos as an intermediate stock, wherein the base stock and the intermediate stock grow for more than 10 years, selecting branches with the cross diameter of 1.5-2.5cm at the middle part or the upper part of the intermediate stock, cutting the branches to the outer 7-10cm from the branch branches, cutting a notch with the length of 2-3cm downwards between the phloem and the xylem of the cut surface, and coating a surfactant aqueous solution at the notch for later use;
(b4) inserting the scion of (b2) into the notch of the intermediate stock of (b3), wherein the long cutting surface of the scion faces the inner side of the intermediate stock, the cambium layers of the stock and the scion are aligned and attached tightly, the stock and the scion are wound and tied firmly by using a grafting film, culturing in a shading mode, cutting the grafting film beside the young sprout after the young sprout of the scion is extracted, and removing the sprout on the stock in time; and culturing the young shoots under full light after the young shoots are aged.
2. The method for grafting the red pomelos according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for the scion activation treatment comprises the following steps: soaking the section of the scion in a container containing an activation solution at the temperature of 30-38 ℃, placing the container in an ultrasonic generator, adjusting the power of the ultrasonic generator to 150-.
3. The method for grafting Hongbaoshiqing pomelo according to claim 2, wherein the activating solution is a mixed aqueous solution of a surfactant, cytokinin and indoleacetic acid.
4. The method for grafting Hongbaoshiqing pomelo according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of the surfactant in the activating solution is 600-800mg/L, the concentration of the indoleacetic acid is 1-10mg/L, and the concentration of the cytokinin is 0.05-10 mg/L.
5. The method for grafting Hongbaoshiqing pomelo according to claim 3, wherein the cytokinin is any one of forchlorfenuron, 6-BA, gibberellin, isopentenyladenine and thidiazuron.
6. A method for grafting Hongbaoshi green pomelo according to claim 3, wherein the surfactant is any one of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, hexadecyl trimethyl alkyl chloride and octadecyl trimethyl alkyl chloride.
7. The method for grafting red gem green pomelos according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for the stock magnetization treatment in the step (a3) is as follows: the rootstock is put into a magnetizer, the magnetic induction intensity is controlled to be 1500-one 1600Gs, and the processing is carried out for 0.5-1 h.
8. The method for grafting Hongbaoshiqingyou according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant aqueous solution is an aqueous solution of any one of dodecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethyl alkyl chloride and octadecyltrimethyl alkyl chloride; the concentration of the surfactant aqueous solution is 600-800 mg/L.
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Application publication date: 20200710 Assignee: Guangxi Huagan Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980045895 Denomination of invention: A Grafting Method for Ruby Green Pomelo Granted publication date: 20220225 License type: Common License Record date: 20231106 |
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