CN111373100A - Forming, drainage and ventilation systems for agriculture, irrigation and sports fields - Google Patents

Abstract

A system for retaining flowable and curable building material to form a portion of a foundation, the system comprising sidewalls arranged in a predetermined configuration, the sidewalls having a first sidewall and a second sidewall, and at least one component having an internal cavity disposed in one of the sidewalls. A bracket assembly comprises an outwardly directed reinforcing column for each of the sidewalls, a spacer bar having a plurality of holes sized to receive and retain each of the reinforcing columns at a position corresponding to a nominal width of at least one component. A barrier is disposed between the outwardly directed columns. After the building material cures, the barrier and the components in the sidewalls will remain in the foundation. The barrier prevents backfill from filling the volume between the outwardly directed columns.

Description

Forming, drainage and ventilation systems for agriculture, irrigation and sports fields

Copyright Notice

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright holder has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the USPTO file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

technical field

The present invention generally relates to a molding system for building a structural component, such as a foundation or foundation of a structure, by maintaining at least a partially volume of liquid and curable building material and, when cured, within the structural component Is integral to provide drainage, ventilation and/or to alleviate or remedy unhealthy conditions caused by poor airflow, noxious gases, moisture, etc. around and within the structure. In some aspects, the molding system and components included therein provide conduits or ducts that act as thermal barriers and/or channels for air and liquid flow to improve drainage, isolation, and ventilation. In embodiments, the molding system and its components used within the molding system and as stand-alone components include, for example, agriculture, irrigation, bridges, sidewalks, roads, mines, sports fields, and special-purpose landscapes such as golf courses or so-called "green roofs" ” applications to provide shaping, drainage and ventilation for structures that at least partially include vegetation and growth media.

Background technique

As noted in commonly owned US Pat. No. 7,866,097, commonly owned US Pat. No. 8,627,615, and commonly owned US Pat. No. 9,228,365, conventional forming systems are known to receive and hold a quantity of concrete and/or other at least partial The building material is liquid in place, while the building material solidifies over time. Once cured, the forming system is typically removed from the cured building material to expose the formed structural component that serves as, for example, a foundation or a portion thereof to support the building or similar structure of interest.

As is commonly known in the field of building construction, an area is excavated and a forming system is assembled therein to match the dimensions of the desired foundation or foundation. Conventional molding typically includes panels of steel, wood, plank, or sheet material (eg, plywood), etc., arranged in a parallel, side-by-side configuration to define sidewalls and sidewalls along one or more length sidewalls of the excavation area. channel between the walls. The panels are stacked or otherwise held in place to prevent deformation of the sidewalls when concrete is poured into the channel between the sidewalls. It will be appreciated that the dimensions (eg, height, thickness, length, and shape) of foundations and foundations (and molding systems) vary depending on the structure being constructed and applicable building codes and industry standards.

Thus, while some aspects of conventional molding and its components may be standardized, some degree of customization is generally required to meet the requirements of the structure being constructed and/or the building codes and standards employed at a particular job or project site. Additionally, some building codes require the installation of drainage systems around formed structural components such as the foundation of the structure of interest. Typically, drainage tiles, gravel, crushed stone, perforated pipes, or other systems or materials are installed at or below formed structural components to facilitate gravity or mechanical drainage of fluids such as groundwater into approved drainage systems and away from the structure part.

Excess groundwater or subsurface water is also removed from sports fields, golf courses, etc. using conventional drainage systems. The site itself may include vaults, slopes, or pitches (e.g., one to two percent (1-2%) or greater slopes) from the central portion to the siding portion to help direct groundwater away from the site And lead to the drainage system at its side area. In some cases, domes, slopes or pitches interfere with the course of the game and are therefore undesirable. In such cases, or as an additional feature of the vaulted field, the drainage system may include additional underground pipes, conduits or drains below the surface of the playing field to capture, retain and move groundwater below the surface of the field to the drainage system. Furthermore, it is preferred that the area or field used for sports has a good foundation and traction to enhance the performance and safety of the athlete. Soil quality (eg, organic matter and nutrients) and proper irrigation that promote natural turf growth, and drainage of both natural and artificial turf are important factors in maintaining a good site. A quality field not only provides better athletic performance, but because the turf is more impact resistant, it reduces injuries and fatigue.

Radon is a natural radioactive gas that is carcinogenic and causes lung cancer. Radon and other gases (such as carbon dioxide, methane, etc.) may penetrate the soil beneath formed structural components (such as foundations or foundations) and often enter supported buildings or structures through cracks in foundations, windows, doors, or HVAC systems. similar structure. Gases can be drawn into the building because the pressure inside the building is usually lower than the pressure in the soil around and below the foundation. Gas mitigation systems can be installed post-construction; however, such systems are typically expensive, aesthetically unpleasant, bulky, and difficult to install. Also, if the installation is not performed correctly after construction, the installation may damage the structure.

In view of this, the inventors have recognized the need for relatively inexpensive and easily configurable forming systems for constructing structural components, such as foundations or foundations for buildings or portions thereof. The inventors have also recognized that there is a need for similarly inexpensive and easy-to-configure drainage and ventilation systems that can include thermal insulation properties for installation around formed structural components of structures of interest, such as buildings or portions thereof.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One aspect of the present invention resides in a system for holding a flowable and curable building material (eg, concrete) to form a portion of a foundation for at least a portion of a structure of interest. The system includes side walls that receive and retain building material therebetween. The sidewalls are disposed in a predetermined configuration suitable for a portion of the foundation, and include a first sidewall and a second sidewall, the second sidewall being disposed relative to the first sidewall and providing a space (eg, a distance) therebetween. At least one of the first side wall and the second side wall includes at least one component having an interior cavity. The bracket assembly maintains the side wall in a predetermined configuration. The bracket assembly includes a first outwardly defined reinforcement post positioned adjacent the first side wall and a second outwardly defined reinforcement post positioned adjacent the second side wall. The divider rod includes a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and a plurality of holes disposed along the length of the divider rod. The plurality of holes includes a first set of holes disposed near the first end and a second set of holes disposed near the second end. The first set of holes and the second set of holes are sized to receive and retain each of the reinforcement posts at positions corresponding to the nominal width of the at least one component. A barrier is provided between the outwardly delimited reinforcement columns and the inwardly delimited reinforcement columns. The barrier is defined by an inner layer surrounded by an outer layer. The barrier is permeable into and through the barrier in at least one direction by liquid and/or air or gas (eg, groundwater and/or heated or cooled air, or gas from soil, gravel, or other packing medium outside the structure) Infiltrate into the inner trench, and in some embodiments in two directions, including into and through the barrier to the inner trench, and from the inner trench into and through the barrier to soil, gravel, or other fill medium. After the building material has cured, the barrier and at least one component remain in the foundation, and the barrier prevents backfill (eg, a fill medium such as soil, gravel, etc.) from filling the volume between a portion of the foundation and the outwardly bounding column.

One aspect of the present invention resides in a foundation foundation drainage and ventilation system comprising: a conduit; a first drainage core having a first end, a second end and a plurality of channels extending therethrough; a second drainage core, It has a first end, a second end, and a plurality of channels extending therethrough; a fabric wrapped around each of the conduit, the first drainage core, and the second drainage core; and a drainage cavity that is connected by the conduit to the first drainage core. A drainage core and a second drainage core are defined; wherein the second drainage core is arranged substantially vertically and is arranged adjacent to the first side of the conduit, and the second end of the second drainage core is arranged adjacent to the second end of the first drainage core , wherein the first end of the first drainage core is positioned upwardly from the second end of the first drainage core and is positioned near the second side of the conduit; and wherein at least one component is provided in each of the first drainage core and the second drainage core on the first end of each.

One aspect of the present invention resides in a foundation foundation drainage and ventilation system comprising: a conduit; a first drainage core having a first end, a second end, a first plurality of channels extending therethrough and extending through a second plurality of channels therein, the second plurality of channels being substantially orthogonal to the first plurality of channels; a second drainage core having a first end, a second end, and the first plurality of channels extending therethrough and a second plurality of channels extending therethrough, the second plurality of channels being substantially orthogonal to the first plurality of channels; a fabric wrapped around each of the conduit, the first drainage core, and the second drainage core; Wherein the conduit is disposed near the first end of each of the first drainage core and the second drainage core, and the second end of each of the first drainage core and the second drainage core extends outwardly from the conduit.

One aspect of the present invention is also to apply the above-described foundation brackets and forming systems to provide and improve drainage, air and gas barriers, repair and improved air flow (in and out) to structural components such as foundations, floor walls (internal and external) systems), and in some embodiments provide and improve thermal insulation and flame retardant properties, and provide and improve irrigation systems, drainage, stormwater management, septic tank leach sites, etc. within applications including, but not limited to Sports fields, golf courses, landscaping, soft and hard landscaping, and building structures for various uses, including residential, commercial, industrial, government, and educational uses, and open-air structures and environments, including but not limited to driveways, parking lots, bridges, roads, sidewalks , slides, parking lots, airport runways, roofing systems, mines, HVAC, etc.

As described herein, in the application of use, the present invention provides open areas or passages within a structure or building envelope that allow passive or substantial convection of air, liquids and gases with mechanical assistance. The inventors have discovered that this region or channel can be employed, and in some embodiments, can be used to improve thermal conductivity, flow, fire and impact resistance, barrier and flame retardancy properties. The inventors envision applications within numerous building sectors as defined by the Building Specification Institute (CSI), including for foundations, slab siding (interior and exterior), improved agriculture and irrigation systems, drainage, stormwater management, septic tanks Leaching grounds as well as indoor and outdoor sports fields, golf courses, landscaping soft and hard landscaping.

Description of drawings

1A is a perspective view of an inventive molding system according to one embodiment of the present invention;

Figure IB is a perspective view of an inventive molding system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a perspective view of components of a molding system according to one embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the components of Figure 2 taken along line 3-3;

4 is a perspective view of components of a molding system according to one embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the components of Figure 4 taken along line 5-5;

6 is a perspective view of components of a molding system according to one embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the component of Figure 6 taken along line 7-7;

8A and 8B are a plan view and a side view, respectively, of a divider bar according to an embodiment of the present invention;

9A and 9B are a perspective view and a side view, respectively, of a reinforcement column according to an embodiment of the present invention;

10A-10E illustrate components of a molding system according to one embodiment of the present invention;

11A-11D depict the use of the molding system of the present invention;

12A is a partial plan view of components of a molding system according to one embodiment of the present invention;

12B is a cross-sectional view of the components of FIG. 12A taken along line 12B-12B;

Figure 12C is a partial cross-sectional view of the components of Figure 12A according to one embodiment of the present invention;

12D is a partial cross-sectional view of components of a molding system according to one embodiment of the present invention;

12E is a partial cross-sectional view of components of a molding system according to one embodiment of the present invention;

12F is a partial cross-sectional view of components of a molding system according to one embodiment of the present invention;

12G is a partial cross-sectional view of components of a molding system according to one embodiment of the present invention;

12H is a partial cross-sectional view of components of the molding system of FIG. 12D with barriers installed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

12I is a partial cross-sectional view of components of the molding system of FIG. 12E with barriers installed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

12J is a partial cross-sectional view of components of the molding system of FIG. 12F with barriers installed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

12K is a partial cross-sectional view of components of the molding system of FIG. 12G with barriers installed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

12L is a partial cross-sectional view of components of a molding, drainage, gas remediation, leaching site system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 12M is a detailed view of components of the molding system of Figure 12L;

12N is a partial cross-sectional view of components of a molding system according to one embodiment of the present invention;

12O is a partial cross-sectional view of components of a molding system according to one embodiment of the present invention;

12P is a depiction of several components of the molding system of FIG. 12N prior to assembly for installation in the molding system;

Figure 12Q is a cross-sectional view of the drainage core of the forming system of Figure 12N;

Figure 13 is a plan view of a divider bar according to one embodiment of the present invention;

14A and 14B are front and plan views of a reinforcement column according to an embodiment of the present invention;

15A is a partial cross-sectional view of a molding system having an integral ventilation system formed therein according to one embodiment of the molding system of the present invention in use;

15B and 15C are partial cross-sectional views of a molding system having an integral ventilation system formed therein, according to one embodiment of the molding system of the present invention in use;

15D and 15E are partial cross-sectional views of another embodiment of the molding system of FIG. 15A;

16 is a partial cross-sectional view of components of a molding system according to one embodiment of the present invention;

17 is a partial cross-sectional view of a foundation foundation drainage and ventilation system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 18A is a detailed view of components of the forming system of Fig. 16 and the foundation foundation drainage and ventilation system of Fig. 17;

18B is an illustration of several components of the molding system of FIG. 16 and the foundation foundation drainage and ventilation system of FIG. 17 prior to assembly for installation in the molding system;

18C is a graph showing example properties of components, geotextiles and cores of the forming system of FIG. 16 and the foundation foundation drainage and ventilation system of FIG. 17;

19 is a depiction of several methods of use of the molding system of FIG. 16;

Figure 20 is a front view of a conventional foundation foundation and accompanying drainage components;

21 is a front view of a gravel-free foundation foundation integrally formed with a drainage and ventilation system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 22 is a front view of a bracket assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention;

23A and 23B are front views of a gravel-free foundation foundation and floor wall integrally formed with a drainage and ventilation system configured in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;

Figures 24A, 24B, 24C and 24D are front views of a gravel-free foundation foundation drainage and ventilation system in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;

25A and 25B are plan and detailed front views of a gravel-free drainage and ventilation system employed in putting greens in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;

Figures 26A, 26B, 26C, and 26D are front, end, cross-sectional, and detailed front views, respectively, of a gravel-free drainage and ventilation system employed within a sports field in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;

27A, 27B, and 27C are cross-sectional views of a gravel-free drainage and ventilation system according to embodiments of the present invention;

28A is a front view, and FIG. 28B is a plan view, of a drainage member component of the drainage and ventilation system of FIG. 26C, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

29 is a front view of the expansion joint portion of the drainage core according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 30 is a front view of a coupling and restraint member according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

31 shows a cross-sectional view of components of a drainage and ventilation system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

In these figures, similar structures have been given similar reference numerals, but may not be referenced in the description of all figures.

Detailed ways

General overview:

As taught and described herein, aspects of the invention include: (1) a forming system for building structural components such as foundations, foundations, and portions thereof; (2) an integral ventilation system included within the forming system that will pass through Conditioned air (e.g. heating, cooling, humidity controlled air) introduced into the system and/or removal and remediation of gases, moisture, etc. from the system and the soil surrounding structural components formed with the system; (3) integral drainage systems, In embodiments, the system includes a gravel-free feature and captures, retains and directs liquid flow such as groundwater and subsurface water away from structures, sports fields, golf courses, etc.; and (4) in embodiments, the above-described shaping, ventilation, and drainage One or more of the systems provide a barrier that includes thermal insulation and flame retardant properties.

As described herein, the present invention includes improved drainage, air, gas (radon, methane, and pipeline) mitigation or remediation systems, resulting in improved thermal conductivity, isolation, and barrier properties. As described herein, the present invention provides improved impact resistance and soil retention properties when used in drainage mat applications.

Forming system:

As shown in FIGS. 1A , 1B and 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, the molding system 100 of the present invention includes a bracket assembly 120 configured and operative to attach a sidewall 160, such as a first The first sidewall 162 and the second sidewall 164 are maintained within the excavation area 190 in a spaced relation to each other in a predetermined configuration (eg, height H1 , width W1 , length L1 , and shape S1 ). For example, the bracket assembly 120 maintains the first side wall 162 in a configuration that includes parallel to the second side wall 164 and at a level along at least a portion of the length L1 of the excavation area 190 and/or partially within the excavation area 190 A location that is horizontally spaced (eg, away) from the second sidewall 164 in a direction. As shown in FIG. 1A , bracket assembly 120 and sidewall 160 cooperate to define a channel 192 that receives and retains a flowable and at least partially liquid building material 196 , such as concrete, poured into channel 192 . As used herein, channel 192 is configured to have a predetermined configuration (eg, height H1 , width W1 , length L1 , and shape S1 ) of foundations and/or walls suitable for supporting the foundation of the structure of interest or a portion thereof.

It should be understood that while FIGS. 1A and 1B show only one bracket assembly 120 holding sidewall 160, configurations along the length L1 of and/or within the excavation area 190 are employed to provide one or more at different intervals. A plurality of bracket assemblies 120 to prevent movement (eg, displacement) of the sidewalls 160 due to the pressure exerted on the sidewalls 160 by the flowing concrete 196 introduced into the channel 192 is within the scope of the present invention. It should also be understood that the sidewall 160 may be constructed from one single part or two or more stacked parts as required to form a predetermined configuration. Components include one or more sections (eg, sheets) of elongated building material such as wood, plank, or sheet material (such as plywood), tubular members (such as circular drains or drains), square or rectangular pipes or conduits , drainage core, etc., and combinations thereof.

For example, Figures 2, 4 and 6 show two bracket assemblies 120A and 120B disposed at opposite ends and holding components of the two side walls 162 and 164 within the configuration or a portion thereof. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , two stacked sections of elongated building material, such as drain pipes 162A and 162B including a first side wall 162 , are held in a vertically stacked orientation and in contact with two sections including a second wall 164 configured. The section stack drains 164A and 164B are held in horizontally spaced relationship. Figures 4 and 5 show two bracket assemblies 120A and 120B disposed at opposite ends and holding a plurality of elongated wood planks 162C and 164C, including a first side wall 162 and a second side wall 164, in Vertical orientation and horizontal distance relationship. Figures 6, 7 and 12G show two bracket assemblies 120A and 120B disposed at opposite ends and holding the two pieces of elongated rectangular conduits 162D and 162E of the first side wall 162 in a vertically stacked orientation And in a horizontally spaced relationship with the two pieces of elongated rectangular conduits 164D and 164E of the second wall 164 .

Referring again to FIG. 2 , in one embodiment, the bracket assembly 120 (eg, each of the bracket assemblies 120A and 120B) includes one or more divider bars 130 and two or more reinforcement posts 140, shown in FIG. 8. This is shown in more detail in Figures 9A and 9B, 10D and 10E, respectively. Divider bars 130 and reinforcement posts 140 cooperate to maintain sidewall 160 and its components 162A-162E and 164A-164E in a vertical orientation and horizontally spaced (eg, distant) relationship to a predetermined configuration or portion thereof. As shown in Figures 1-7, the divider bar 130 and the first pair of reinforcement posts 140 cooperate to maintain a portion of the first side wall 162 in a substantially vertical orientation and in a horizontally spaced relationship with the second side wall 164, which The second side wall 164 is held by the divider bar 130 and the second pair of reinforcement posts 140 .

As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B , in one embodiment, each of the one or more divider bars 130 includes a plurality of holes 132 and 134 provided at predetermined locations along the length L2 of the divider bars 130 . In one embodiment, holes 132 are provided at opposite ends 136 and 138 of each divider bar 130 and are sized to receive stakes or posts 158 ( Figure 1A). Apertures 134 (described below) are provided at predetermined locations along the length L2 of the divider bar 130 and are sized to receive the reinforcement posts 140 . As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B , in one embodiment, each of the reinforcement posts 140 includes serrations 144 disposed along at least a portion of the length L3 of the sides 142 of the reinforcement posts 140 . The plurality of holes 134 of the divider rod 130 and the serrations 144 of the reinforcement post 140 are sized to frictionally engage each other, such that placing the reinforcement rod 140 within the holes 134 provides frictional engagement between the serrations 144 and the divider rod 130 to prevent displacement. bit. In one embodiment, the reinforcement post 140 includes a hole 146 through the side 142 of the post. Holes 146 provide a means by which a length of wire (eg, horizontal wire) may be inserted through one or more reinforcement posts 140 and additional items (eg, rebar, divider bars 130) may be tethered to the reinforcement Post 140 and/or supported therefrom. In one embodiment, wires, pins, fasteners may be provided within the holes 146 to support the divider bars 130 in a vertical orientation between the reinforcement posts 140 . In one embodiment, the divider bars 130 are otherwise clamped, fastened or secured in a vertical orientation between the reinforcement posts 140 . In one embodiment, the divider rod 130 can include a plurality of protrusions that can selectively extend into the holes 134 to lock the reinforcement post 140 to the divider 130 . Other embodiments of divider bars 130 and reinforcement posts 140 are shown in Figures 10D and 10E, respectively.

In one aspect of the present invention, the predetermined location of the apertures 134 of the divider bar 130 corresponds to the nominal width of the elongated building material required, recommended or preferred for use as a component to construct the side wall 160 . For example, when the first pair of reinforcement posts 140 are placed within corresponding ones of the apertures 134 near the ends 136 of the divider bars 130, the first sidewall 162 remains in place between the first pair of posts 140, and when the first pair of posts 140 is placed in place. The second side wall 164 is held in place between the second pair of posts 140 when the two pairs of reinforcement posts 140 are placed in corresponding ones of the apertures 134 near opposite ends 138 of the divider bar 130 . As shown in FIG. 8 , in one embodiment, the divider bar 130 is stamped, marked, or otherwise marked with a mark, generally shown at 135 , to identify typical required, recommended, or preferred components for use in constructing the sidewall 160 The nominal width of the building material. For example, the divider bar 130 includes markers 135 near its ends 136 and 138 to correspond to the location of each of the construction side walls. In one embodiment, the first set of markers 135A near end 136 correspond to locations used to construct first sidewall 162 and the second set of markers 135B near end 138 correspond to locations used to construct second sidewall 164 s position.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , for example, during construction of the first side wall, the first post 140A of the first pair of reinforcement posts 140 is placed within the hole 134 near the end 136 of the divider bar 130 such that the first Stiffening posts 140A are disposed externally relative to channels 192 (eg, at the locations shown generally at 192A), and second posts 140B of the first pair of reinforcing posts 140 are positioned inwardly from ends 136 within holes 134 , such that the second stiffener stud 140B is positioned internally relative to the channel 192 (eg, at the location shown generally at 192B) to externally and internally constrain for use between the first pair of stiffener posts 140A and 140B Components that configure the first side wall 162 . Similarly, during construction of the second sidewall, the first post 140C of the second pair of reinforcement posts 140 is placed within the hole 134 near the end 138 of the divider bar 130 such that the reinforcement post 140C is disposed externally relative to the channel 192 (eg, disposed at the locations generally shown at 192C), and the second post 140D of the second pair of reinforcement posts 140 is placed inwardly from the end 138 within the hole 134 such that the reinforcement post 140D is disposed relative to the channel 192 Internally (eg, at approximately location 192D) to externally and internally constrain the components used to construct the second sidewall 164 between the second pair of reinforcement posts 140C and 140D.

In one embodiment, the indicia 135 is constructed of an encoding system, such as a digital encoding system. For example, the first of the holes 134 near each end 136 and 138 of the divider rod 130 is identified by a "1" designation, and the second of the holes 134 disposed inward from the first hole is designated by a "2" Identify where the first and second holes are positioned at locations corresponding to the nominal width of the plank (eg, a common "two-by-one" board material with a nominal width of about 1.5 inches (1.5 in; 3.81 cm)). The first hole (labeled "1") and the third of the holes 134 inward from the second hole (labeled "2") are identified by the "3" designation, wherein the first and third holes are arranged in the same The location corresponding to the nominal width of the rectangular conduit (for example, a common rectangular conduit with a nominal width of approximately two inches (2 in; 5.08 cm)); and the first hole (labeled "1") and the The fourth of the "3") inward-facing holes 134 is identified by the "4" designation, wherein the first and fourth holes are positioned in a 10.16 cm), six inches (6.0 in; 15.24 cm), or other sizes of common drains that would be required, recommended, or preferred by those skilled in the art), corresponding to the nominal width or diameter. Although the present invention expressly discloses a numerical coding system for the aperture 134, it should be understood that it is within the scope of the present invention to employ other coding systems, including, for example, English (fraction or inch based), metric (decimal based) and Other measurement systems used in the field show the scale of the measurement. Although not shown, it should be understood that spacers or spacers may be used to increase or decrease the distance between the two or more holes 134 for securing non-standard width building materials to corresponding components Between the reinforcement columns 140 .

In one embodiment shown in FIG. 10A , a conduit 170 is shown serving as a component for constructing the sidewall 160 . The conduit 170 includes a corrugated wall 172 that defines an interior cavity 174 . As shown in FIG. 10A , in one embodiment, the conduit 170 includes a male end 176 and a female end 178 . The male end 176 and the female end 178 are configured to allow end-to-end coupling of the plurality of conduits 170 . In one embodiment, underground utilities may be carried within the interior cavity 174 . In another embodiment, plumbing may be carried within the interior cavity 174 . As shown in FIGS. 10B and 10C , in one embodiment, one or both of the plurality of straps 150 and extenders 155 can be positioned about the side wall 160 and cooperate with the bracket assembly 120 to allow the concrete to be placed in the present invention. The components of the sidewall 160 help hold the components of the sidewall 160 in place when received and cured within the molding system 100.

ventilation system:

As shown in FIGS. 11A-11D , the forming system 100 of the present invention receives and retains cured concrete 196 for use in constructing a foundation 200 including a structure for a structure of interest (eg, a residential or commercial building) or a portion thereof The foundation 202 and the wall 204. For example, the plurality of bracket assemblies 120 may be operated to maintain the plurality of side walls 160 in a predetermined configuration including height H1 (extending in a plane perpendicular to the drawing), width W1 , length L1 ( Legs L1A, L1B, L1C, etc.) and shape S1 are included to receive concrete 196 to form one or both of foundation 202 and wall 202 of foundation 200 of the structure of interest. As shown in FIG. 11B , components of sidewall 160 (eg, knotted elongated building materials such as planks, planks, or sheets), tubular members such as circular drains or drains, square or rectangular pipes or conduits , drainage cores, etc.)) are assembled, interconnected, or interlocked end-to-end by, for example, one or more connectors 210 to form walls for retaining concrete or other building materials 196 .

As described in further detail below, when sidewall 160 includes a tubular, square, or rectangular member (such as a pipe or conduit) having interior cavities 166 and 174 (as shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 6, and 7), The assembled, interconnected, or interlocked sidewall components are integrally formed within the structure and cooperate to define one or more channels 180 within the sidewall 160 for causing air to surround at least the exterior of the base 202 and wall 204 (eg, within region 192A) and internally (eg, within region 192C), and/or for air flow within foundation 202 or wall 204 itself (eg, with region 192B). For example, the inventors have discovered that, upon post-construction access, the one or more channels 180 of the sidewall facilitates providing ventilation to effectively and efficiently divert (eg, remove and/or repair) radon or other undesirable substances from the constructed structure. Flow of required gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and during construction, one or more channels 180 facilitates the provision of air flow (eg, conditioned air with or without humidity control, such as cold and/or heat air) to help cure building material 196. In yet another embodiment, the inventors have discovered that the channel 180 allows for the transfer of conditioned air, such as heated or cooled air, either naturally by the heat of the sun on the structural component or the soil surrounding the structure or by mechanical conditions (HVAC system). Transfer within the system improves environmental, living conditions within the building envelope of the structure, and in some cases can minimize the cost of maintaining environmental conditions.

In one embodiment, the transfer of gas may be assisted by an additional volume of air flow introduced, for example, by an in-line force air system. In one embodiment, the flow rate through the one and one-half inch (1/2 in; 1.27 cm) drainage core described below is at least three hundred fifty to four hundred cubic feet per minute (350-400 cfm). Of course, in large systems, such as in a four-inch pipe, the flow rate can increase significantly. In one embodiment shown in FIGS. 1B , 11C and 11D , the inventors have discovered that one or more channels 180 of the sidewall can be used to transfer data from an air exchange unit via a channel 186 in communication with at least one of the channels 180 184 (eg, heating and/or cooling unit 184A) provides heated or cooled air to interior and/or exterior areas around and/or within foundation 202 and walls, such as areas 192A, 192B, and 192C described above, to remove areas Moisture, condensation, humidity, etc. in the building to help cure time during construction to allow construction in adverse weather and/or air or soil conditions (e.g., heating building materials and/or surrounding soil to allow passive flow and/or solidify without freezing for construction in cold temperatures, and/or vice versa, to cool building materials and/or surrounding soil to allow construction and stable solidification during hot weather conditions), and remove Moisture that can cause mold and/or other hazards. It should be understood that the channel 180 may be continuous, eg, provided near substantially all of the outer perimeter, the inner perimeter, or both the outer and inner perimeters (eg, regions 192A, 192B, and/or 192C) of the formed foundation 202 and wall 204 air flow. Alternatively, one or more portions of the outer and inner peripheries of the formed base 202 and wall 204 may include integrally formed sidewalls that provide one or more of the channels 180 that may be accessed to extend from the constructed Transfers in areas near buildings (eg, areas 192A, 192B, and/or 192C), such as removal and/or remediation of radon or other undesired gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane and other gases, moisture, etc., and/or introduction Heated and/or cooled conditioned air.

As described above, the molding system 100 of the present invention may be used to construct a foundation 200 that includes one or both of a foundation 202 and a wall 204 for the structure of interest. For example, the plurality of bracket assemblies 120 and 220 (described below) may be operated to maintain the plurality of side walls 160 and 260 and components thereof in a predetermined configuration to receive the concrete 196 to form the foundation 202 of the foundation 200 of the structure of interest and one or both of walls 204. When the components used to construct the side walls 160 and 260 comprise tubular, square or rectangular members having interior cavities 166 and 174 , the interior cavities 166 and 174 of the interconnecting components cooperate to define a channel 180 within the side walls 160 and 260 . One or more of which are used to flow air around at least a portion of the outer perimeter (eg, within region 192A) and/or the inner perimeter (eg, within region 192C) of foundation 202 and wall 204 formed. The inventors have discovered that when accessed after construction, the one or more channels 180 are beneficial for providing ventilation for the effective and efficient transfer (eg, removal and/or remediation) of radon or other undesired gases such as carbon dioxide, methane , moisture, etc., and/or the introduction of heated or cooled air from exterior or interior portions of the constructed structure. In one embodiment, additional conditioned air through passage 180 may supplement and enhance conventional HVAC systems and improve their performance.

Turning now to FIGS. 12A and 12B , in one embodiment, the forming system 100 of the present invention includes one or more carriage assemblies 220 that vary along a predetermined configured length L1 within the excavation area 190 at different Spaced (similar to bracket assembly 120 ) to prevent movement (eg, displacement) of sidewalls 260 due to pressure exerted on sidewalls 260 by flowing concrete 196 introduced into channels 192 formed between sidewalls 260 . In one embodiment, each of the one or more bracket assemblies 220 includes one or more divider bars 230 and two or more reinforcement posts 240, which are shown in Figures 13, 14A, and 14B, respectively shown in more detail. As with the divider rods 130 and reinforcement posts 140 described above, the divider rods 230 and the reinforcement posts 240 cooperate to separate the sidewall 260 and its components (eg, the above-described individual or stacked components of elongated Tubular members (such as circular drains or drains, square or rectangular pipes or conduits, drain cores, etc., and combinations thereof) are maintained in a vertical orientation and a predetermined configuration in horizontally spaced (eg, spaced) relationship. As shown in FIG. 13 , each of the one or more divider bars 230 includes a plurality of holes 232 and 234 provided at predetermined locations along the length L4 of the divider bars 230 . In one embodiment, holes 232 are provided at opposite ends 236 and 238 of each of the divider bars 230 and are sized to receive stakes or posts 158 (FIG. 1A) for securing the bracket assembly 220 in the excavation area Location within 190. Apertures 234 are provided (described below) at predetermined locations along the length L4 of the divider bar 230 and are sized to receive one or more of the reinforcement posts 240 . In one embodiment, holes 234 may be used to support structural members, such as rebar supports 157 .

As shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B , in one embodiment, each of the reinforcement posts 240 includes protrusions or serrations 244 disposed along at least a portion of the length L5 of one or more sides 242 of the reinforcement post 240 . Side 242 terminates at end 246 . In one embodiment, the end portion 246 includes a foot portion extending outwardly from the side surface 242 . In one embodiment, the feet may include holes for receiving piles to hold the reinforcement posts 240 in place within the excavation area 190 . Alternatively, the ends 246 are tapered to terminate at a point or edge to hold the reinforcement post 240 in place. The plurality of holes 234 of the divider rod 230 and the protrusions or serrations 244 of the reinforcement post 240 are sized to frictionally engage each other, whereby placing the reinforcement rod 240 within the holes 234 provides friction between the protrusions or serrations 244 and the divider rod 230 Engaged to prevent displacement. In one embodiment, the divider rod 230 may include a plurality of protrusions that may selectively extend into the holes 234 to lock the reinforcement post 240 to the divider 230 .

In one embodiment, reinforcement post 240 comprises a U-shaped or rectangular tubular member (eg, a polymer U-shaped channel or tube) having walls of a thickness to provide a relatively rigid structure (eg, about 0.125in (3.175mm) thickness). In one embodiment, the reinforcement posts 240 are of uniform size and thus are selectively interchangeable with each other and nestable within each other. For example, as shown in FIG. 14B , the two posts 240A and 240B of the reinforcement post 240 are nested so that the reinforcement post 240A is vertically adjustable in height H2 within the reinforcement post 240B. As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, this vertical adjustment in the height H2 of the nested reinforcement posts 240A and 240B provides a levelling feature when at least a portion of the excavation area 190 is not graded uniformly. It will also be appreciated that the nested reinforcement posts in the reinforcement posts 240 provide the selectively adjustable features required to maintain the divider bar 230 and/or the components of the side walls 260 (described below) in a predetermined configuration when the configuration is constructed. high. In one embodiment, the nested reinforcement posts 240A and 240B include means for securing the relative vertical relationship between them, such as holes for receiving fasteners or pins, hook and/or ratchet arrangements or the like connection mechanism.

In one aspect of the invention, the predetermined locations of the holes 234 of the divider bars 230 correspond to the nominal width of the elongated building material required, recommended or preferred for use as a component to construct the side wall 260 and the width of the constructed side wall 260 . For example, as with bracket assembly 120, when first pair of reinforcement posts 240 of bracket assembly 220 are placed in corresponding holes in holes 234 near ends 236 of divider bar 230, first sidewall 262 and its components retain In place between the first pair of posts 240 and when the second pair of reinforcement posts 240 are placed in corresponding holes in the holes 234 near opposite ends 238 of the divider bar 230, the second sidewall 264 and its components remain in place between the second pair of posts 240. Similar to divider bar 130, as shown in FIG. 13, divider bar 230 is stamped, marked, or otherwise marked with indicia, generally shown at 235, to identify the components used to construct sidewall 260 and/or sidewall 260 The nominal width of a typical building material required, recommended or preferred by itself. For example, the divider bar 230 includes such markings 235 near its ends 236 and 238 to correspond to the locations where each of the side walls 160 and 260 is constructed. For example, a first set of markers 235A near end 236 correspond to locations used to construct first sidewall 162 or first sidewall 262, and a second set of markers 235B near end 238 correspond to locations used to construct first sidewall 162 or first sidewall 262. The position of the two side walls 164 or the second side wall 264 .

In one aspect of the invention, the bracket assembly 220 allows the construction of the base 202 and wall 204 of the foundation 200 with vertical side walls 162 and 164 of generally rectangular or square cross-section (eg, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6 ) , and sidewalls 262 and 264 of generally trapezoidal cross-section, and/or combinations and variations thereof, such as foundations or walls, which have approximately A first side wall of the leg (eg, wall 262 ), and a second side wall of the leg (eg, wall 164 ) that is approximately rectangular (eg, a rectangular cross-section with an inclination angle of 90 degrees (90°)) , as shown in Figure 12B and Figure 12C. In one embodiment, the bracket assembly 220 includes one or more spacers 280 that are mounted on or coupleable to the reinforcement post 240 at a desired vertical position around the post 240 to allow for use in The configuration is configured to approximate the offsets in one or more component configurations of the side walls 260 of the legs of the trapezoid (eg, horizontal offset HOF1 and vertical offset VOF1 ) ( FIG. 12B ). As shown in Figure 12D. One or more of the components used to construct the sidewall 260 itself may be configured to approximate trapezoidal legs by, for example, stacking larger diameter components over smaller diameter components.

As shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B , during construction of the first side wall 262; 234 such that the nested reinforcement posts 240A and 240B are positioned externally relative to the channel 192 (eg, positioned near location 192A). The third post 240C is then placed in the other hole 234 inward from the end 236 such that the third reinforcement post 240C is positioned internally relative to the channel 192 (eg, positioned near location 192B) to be externally and internally positioned A first member 262A and a second member 262B (eg, tubular member) are defined for constructing a first side wall 262 between the nested, externally disposed reinforcement posts 240A and 240B and the internally disposed reinforcement post 240C. As shown in FIG. 12B , the spacer 280A is disposed over the nested, externally disposed reinforcement posts 240A and 240B and cooperates with the fourth reinforcement post 240D to maintain the first part 262A and the second part 262B of the first side wall 262 The offset relationship between, for example, horizontal offset HOF1 and vertical offset VOF1. Similarly, during construction of the second sidewall 264, the fifth reinforcement post 240E is nested within the sixth reinforcement post 240F, and the nested post is positioned within the hole 234 near the end 238 of the divider bar 230 such that Nested reinforcement posts 240E and 240F are positioned externally relative to channel 192 (eg, positioned near location 192C). The seventh stiffener stud 240G is then placed within the hole 234 inward from the end 238 such that the seventh stiffener stud 240G is positioned internally relative to the channel 192 (eg, positioned near location 192B) to define the first A component 264A and a second member 264B (eg, tubular member) for constructing the second sidewall 264 between the nested, externally disposed reinforcement posts 240E and 240F and the internally disposed reinforcement post 240G. As shown in FIG. 12B , spacer 280B is disposed over nested, externally disposed reinforcement posts 240E and 240F and cooperates with eighth reinforcement post 240H to maintain first and second parts 264A and 264B of second sidewall 264 The offset relationship between, for example, horizontal offset HOF1 and vertical offset VOF1. 12A, 12B and 12D, those skilled in the art will understand that the illustrated configuration of the bracket assembly 220 allows for the construction of side walls 262 and 264 that form a foundation or foundation having a generally trapezoidal cross-section.

It will be appreciated that a plurality of spacers 280 having varying lengths (the distance measured from their coupling to the stiffening post) and a plurality of stiffening posts 240 having varying heights may be employed to form at least a portion of a predetermined height with a predetermined height The foundations and/or walls of a generally trapezoidal cross-section. For example, as shown in the partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 12C , spacer 280C is disposed over nested, externally disposed reinforcement posts 240A and 240B and cooperates with ninth reinforcement post 2401 to maintain first part 262A of first sidewall 262 , the offset relationship between the second part 262B and the third part 262C, for example, the horizontal offset HOF1 and the vertical offset VOF1 between the first part 262A and the second part 262B, and the first part 262A and the third part 262B. The horizontal offset HOF2 between the parts 262C and the vertical offset VOF2 between the second part 262B and the third part 262C. In one embodiment, when the fourth member 262D and the fifth member 262E are added to increase the height of the first sidewall 262, a plurality of similar lengths to the spacers 280C (eg, the spacers 280C1 and 280C2) may be employed spacers to maintain a common offset. Accordingly, the first sidewall 262 of Figure 12C includes a lower portion having a generally trapezoidal cross-section and an upper portion having a generally rectangular cross-section.

Although for clarity, FIGS. 12A-12C illustrate relatively similar vertical and horizontal offsets (eg, HOF1 , HOF2 ) between components (eg, 262A, 262B, 262C, 264A, 264B, 264C) of sidewall 260 , VOF1, VOF2), but one or more of these offsets may be varied as needed, recommended, or preferred to achieve various configurations of sidewalls within the scope of the present invention. As such, the offset relationship between components of sidewall 260 should be broadly considered to include various horizontal and vertical spacings of components of sidewall 260 . For example, although not shown in FIGS. 12A-12C, it is also within the scope of the present invention to provide one or more of the spacers 280 within the reinforcement posts 240 positioned internally (relative to the channels 192) On one or more of the reinforcement posts 240C (eg, the reinforcement posts 240C), the reinforcement posts 240 inwardly define a component of the sidewall 260 (eg, the second component 262B). In one embodiment, the spacers 280 may offset the components both internally and externally, such that the cross-section of the sidewall 260 is configured to approximate a ribbed or corrugated sidewall. It should be appreciated that the inventors have recognized that the ribbed or corrugated configuration of the sidewall 260 may assist the flow of water around the sidewall 260 and the structure constructed thereon, and thus may be a drainage system or other water remediation system for the structure made of.

It should also be understood that two or more of the bracket assemblies 120 and 220 may be stacked and coupled together as the height H1 of the side walls 162, 164, 262 and 264 increases. For example, holes 134 and 234 may be used to receive posts or tethers for coupling two or more stacked bracket assemblies 120 and 220 . Additionally, one or more of the reinforcement posts 140 and 240 may be coupled, interconnected, or nested to support the stacked arrangement.

It will also be appreciated that although vertical and horizontal offsets (eg, HOF1, HOF2, VOF1, VOF2) between components of sidewall 260 (eg, 262A, 262B, 262C, 264A, 264B, 264C) are described above by using coupling This is accomplished by one or more of a plurality of spacers 280 of varying lengths to the stiffening post 240, but in one embodiment, the assembly itself may provide one or more of the desired vertical and horizontal offsets. For example, as shown in Figure 12D, large diameter conduits 462B and 464B (eg, six inch (6")/(15.24 cm) OD conduit) are stacked on smaller diameter conduits 462A and 464A (eg, four inches (4") / (10.16 cm OD tubing), the conduit is held in place between outwardly bounding and inwardly bounding reinforcement posts 440A, 440B, 440C, and 440D. In one embodiment, mating reinforcement posts (eg, Outwardly delimited posts 440A and inwardly delimited posts 440B, and outwardly delimited posts 440C and inwardly delimited posts 440D) are coupled by respective foot portions and held in place by divider rods 430. Alternatively, Pairs of reinforcement posts may be formed from a one-piece construction. In yet another embodiment shown in Figure 12E, the plurality of spacers 280 are replaced by conventional building materials 450 such as wood, elongated plastic or foam members, etc., to provide one or more of the desired vertical and/or horizontal offset between one or more components, such as conduits 562A and 564A.

Barriers provide thermal conductivity, isolation and/or fire resistance properties

品牌泡沫或其他聚苯乙烯泡沫板，或任何其他合适的刚性合成或有机材料(“Styrofoam”是美国密歇根州米德兰市陶氏化学公司的商标)。如图12H所示，屏障510可以由诸如景观织物的织物或片材料510B构成。在一个实施例中，织物或片材料510B由阻燃性质构成或被处理以提供阻燃性质。在一个实施例中，织物510B经由例如桩512固定到土壤。在图12H所示的实施例中，织物510包裹在大直径导管462B和464B周围以及较小直径导管462A和464A附近，从而形成沟道192。在图121所示的实施例中，织物510B包裹在大直径导管462B和464B周围以及建筑材料450附近。在如图12J所示的一个实施例中，泡沫板510A和片状材料510B协作以形成屏障510的第一层和第二层，其中织物510B包裹在导管462A和462B周围和泡沫板510A附近。在如图12K所示的一个实施例中，织物510B包裹在导管162D和162E周围。In yet another embodiment shown in Figure 12F, a barrier 510 is disposed between outwardly delimited posts and inwardly delimited posts such as 440A and 440B and 440C and 440D to support conduits 462A, 462B, 464A and 464B. For example, in one embodiment shown in FIG. 12F, barrier 510 may be constructed from foam insulation panels 510A, such as

Brand foam or other polystyrene foam board, or any other suitable rigid synthetic or organic material ("Styrofoam" is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, USA). As shown in Figure 12H, the barrier 510 may be constructed of a fabric or sheet material 510B, such as a landscape fabric. In one embodiment, the fabric or sheet material 510B is constructed of or treated to provide flame retardant properties. In one embodiment, fabric 510B is secured to the soil via stakes 512, for example. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12H , fabric 510 is wrapped around large diameter conduits 462B and 464B and adjacent smaller diameter conduits 462A and 464A, thereby forming channel 192 . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 121 , fabric 510B is wrapped around large diameter conduits 462B and 464B and adjacent building material 450 . In one embodiment as shown in Figure 12J, foam board 510A and sheet material 510B cooperate to form the first and second layers of barrier 510, with fabric 510B wrapped around conduits 462A and 462B and adjacent foam board 510A. In one embodiment as shown in Figure 12K, fabric 510B is wrapped around conduits 162D and 162E.

It will be appreciated that, in one embodiment, the barrier 510 functions to prevent inadvertent filling of the channel 192 with backfill, such as gravel, and to increase air flow and/or drainage in the volume 520 surrounding the conduits 462A, 462B, 464A, and 464B area (Figure 12H). For example, the barrier 510 prevents backfill from entering the volume 520 between the outwardly defined columns (eg, 140A, 440A) and the inwardly defined columns (eg, 140B, 440B). In one embodiment, barrier 510 surrounds or encloses conduits 462A, 462B, 464A, and 464B to prevent backfill from entering volume 520 . In one embodiment shown in Figures 12L and 12M, one or more of conduits 462A, 462B, 464A, and 464B may be included in a gravel-free conduit configuration 652, wherein the outer diameter of the conduit has protrusions 654 extending therefrom .

As shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B , cross-sectional views of an embodiment of a molding 100 of the present invention for forming elements of a foundation 200 are shown, namely, foundation 202A having a generally rectangular cross-section and a generally trapezoidal cross-section Foundation 202B. Sidewalls 160 of foundation 202A are formed from spaced apart conduits 170 having corrugated walls 172 and interior cavities 174, and sidewalls 260 of foundation 202B are formed from stacked offset conduits (eg, components 162A, 162B) having interior cavities 166 , 164A, 164B, 262A, 262B, 264A and 264B). One or more of the plurality of straps 150 and spreaders 155 are provided around the side walls 160 and 260 to prevent the connected conduits from spreading apart when the concrete 196 is poured. The straps 150 and spreaders 155 also help hold the integrally formed foundation 202 and its components in place once the concrete 196 has cured. For example, once cured, tape 150 and spreader 155 may be used, for example, in a permanent installation, such as to support rebar supports 157 placed in channel 192 prior to pouring cement.

As mentioned above, the interior cavity 174 of the interconnection conduit 170 cooperates with the interior cavity 166 of the interconnection members 262A, 262B, 264A, and 264B to provide a passage 180 for airflow around the interior and exterior of the foundation 202 when the structure is complete The channel is entered through another pipe or other conduit 310, eg, externally or internally (eg, through the floor or board 206) and unacceptable levels of radon or other gas are detected to displace radon-laden air or other undesired When gases such as carbon dioxide, methane are released into the atmosphere. In one embodiment, the conduit 170 and one or both of the components 262A, 262B, 264A, and 264B include means for receiving gas from the soil 194 outside and inside the foundation 202 and the area below the sheet 206 192A and 192C. For example, the corrugated wall 172 of the conduit 170 includes holes or slots 175 to receive gas permeating from the soil 194 outside and inside the foundation 202 and in the areas 192A and 192C below the sheet 206 . Similarly, one or more of stack members 262A, 262B, 264A, 264B include holes or slots 168 to receive gas permeating from soil 194 adjacent foundation 202 and in areas 192A and 192C below sheet 206 .

As shown in Figures 15A-15E, during construction one or more cross exhaust conduits or conduits 320 are installed in communication between the two corrugated conduits 170 and/or the components 262A, 262B, 264A, 264B of the base 202, Thereby, passages 180 are provided for air flow communication between corresponding conduits 170 and/or components 262A, 262B, 264A, 264B to facilitate exhaust and/or removal of gas, moisture, etc. (FIGS. 15A, 15B, and 15D). ), and/or the addition of heated or cooled air within the structure and outside the structure when coupled to conduit 310 (FIGS. 11C, 11D, 15C, and 15E). Thus, the cross exhaust duct or duct 320 provides reverse air flow. This reverse air flow provides for directing outside air to the area below the board or similar foundation base. As a result, the temperatures can be equalized to substantially reduce or eliminate condensation and moisture formation in the area under the sheet or similar foundation base. Thus, mold and other harmful microorganisms are prevented from forming. In one embodiment, in-line forced air system 330 is coupled to duct 310 to increase air flow within channel 180 and facilitate repair of undesired gas and/or addition of desired air (eg, heated or cooled air).

drain:

As shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, a conventional foundation foundation system 1000 (FIG. 20) (including accompanying drainage components) and a gravel-free foundation foundation system integrally formed with drainage and ventilation systems in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention are combined 10 (Figure 21) were compared. In the conventional system 1000 shown in Figure 20, conventional building moldings are installed and a foundation foundation 1012 is formed to support the walls 1013 and panels 1014 of the structure of interest. After foundation 1012 is formed, gravel 1016 is used to backfill the excavated area near foundation 1012 . Traditionally, gravel is used to facilitate the discharge of liquids such as groundwater and subsurface water away from the foundation. Typically, piping 1018 is installed near and inwardly of foundation 1012 below panel 1014 to receive, capture, and thereby mitigate radon and/or other undesired gases (eg, carbon dioxide, methane, etc.) from entering the building. Typically, a drain 1020 is installed adjacent to and outward from the foundation 1012 to receive, capture, and thereby discharge water from the structure. Additional gravel 1016 is used as backfill around drain 1020 and above foundation 1012 to further facilitate drainage of water from the foundation. In some cases, a fabric is placed over the gravel 1016 and the pipe 1020 to prevent silt and debris from entering and blocking the passage through the gravel 1016 and the pipe 1020 . It will be appreciated that installing a conventional foundation foundation system 1000 including accompanying drainage components is a multi-step, time-consuming process requiring multiple building materials, both of which increase the cost of construction.

Alternatively and as shown in Figure 21, the foundation foundation system 10 formed integrally with the drainage and ventilation system enables the foundation 12 to be formed to support the walls 13 and slabs 14 of the structure without the need to backfill or place gravel under or around the slabs 14. Foundation 12 to assist drainage. The foundation foundation system 10 is a gravel-free foundation foundation system and includes a first forming assembly 16A and a second forming assembly 16B that form a sidewall that forms the foundation 12, such as by cooperating with a bracket system 220 to form Figures 15B and 15C The sidewall 260 is integral with the drainage system 18 and the ventilation system 20, as described further below.

One embodiment of a gritless molding system 500 in accordance with the present invention is shown in Figures 12N and 12O, and includes a first molding assembly 502 and a second molding assembly 504 that form a sidewall, such as the sidewall 260 of Figures 15B and 15C . Referring first to Figure 12N, barrier 510 includes sheet material 510B disposed around first drainage core 550, second drainage core 560, and conduits such as conduits 562A and 564A. In one embodiment, conduits 562A and 564A are perforated conduits such that the flow of groundwater or subsurface water can be received therein. In one embodiment, the sheet material 510B is formed into a sleeve or pocket 563, thereby eliminating the need for a conduit wrapped by a barrier material. Alternatively, conduits 562A and 564A extend through sleeve 563 . An open volume or drainage cavity 570 is thereby formed, which is bounded by the first drainage core 550, the second drainage core 560, and the corresponding conduits 562A and 564A. In one embodiment, the first drainage core 550 is a single drainage core 550A (eg, allowing liquid to flow through the core in one direction) and the second drainage core 560 is a dual drainage core 560A (eg, allowing liquid to flow in both directions) through the core). Thus, a passage through the dual drainage core 560A is created at the point of penetration of the foundation, in the direction indicated by arrow X1, where the foundation intersects the wall, advantageously creating flow out of the point of penetration into the drainage cavity 570 . As a result, water (eg, groundwater or subsurface water) may enter the drainage cavity 570 via the respective fabric-wrapped conduits 562A and 564A and the respective dual drainage core 560A, and be diverted from the structure along the perimeter of the structure (eg, during inlet and outlet). out of the drawing). In one embodiment, the first drain core 550 and the second drain core 560 are in fluid communication, or joined at a connection point 555, so that water can pass from one drain core to the other. The liquid entering the drainage cavity 570 can go to the first drainage core 550 in the direction indicated by the arrow X2 and to the second drainage core 560 in the direction indicated by the arrow X3, so that the first drainage core 550 and the The volume of liquid flowing in the second drainage core 560 is equal to the volume of liquid (eg, groundwater or subsurface water) flowing in the drainage cavity 570 along the perimeter of the structure. In one embodiment, the second drainage core 560 provides a pathway for infiltration of air and other gases (eg, carbon dioxide, radon, methane, etc.) and water.

In one embodiment and as shown in Figure 12O, the first drainage core 550 is configured as an extended first drainage core 550B that extends to an upper point 550X near the top of the respective conduit 562A or 564A. In one embodiment, the second drainage core 560 is an extended second drainage core 560B that extends to an upper point 560X near the top of the respective conduit 562A or 564A. In one embodiment, both the extended first drainage core 550B and the extended second drainage core 560B are employed.

The bottom portion of the illustrated forming system defines the overall length _LFORM . The first length L _FORM1 is defined by the combined thickness of each of the first drainage core 550 and the second drainage core 560 . The second length L _FORM2 is defined by the horizontal distance that the first drainage core 550 traverses. The third length L _FORM3 is defined by the distance between the drainage core assemblies, or from one second length L _FORM2 defined by one first drainage core 550 to another second length L _FORM2 defined by another first drainage core 550 distance limit. In FIG. 12O, the total length _LFORM is the sum of _LFORM1 , _LFORM2 , _LFORM3 , _LFORM2 , and _LFORM1 . In one embodiment, the overall length L _FORM is up to about thirty-six (36) inches (91.44 cm). In one embodiment, the overall length L _FORM is about twenty-eight (28) inches (71.12 cm). In one embodiment, each of the first drainage core 550 and the second drainage core 560 defines a thickness T1 of about one (1) inch (2.54 cm); thus, the first length _LFORM1 is about two (2) inches (5.08cm). In one embodiment, the second length L _FORM2 is about six (6) inches (15.24 cm). In one embodiment, the third length L _FORM3 is about twelve (12) inches (30.48 cm).

As shown in Figures 12N and 12O, the configuration of the first drainage core 550, the second drainage core 560, and the corresponding conduits 562A and 564A forms the channel 592 and eliminates the double stiffener configuration. As shown in Figures 12N and 12O, this configuration includes only outwardly defined reinforcement posts 440A and 440D, and does not require corresponding inwardly defined reinforcement posts 440B and 440C, respectively. However, the use of the respectively corresponding inwardly bounding reinforcement posts 440B and 440C with the configuration of the first drainage core 550, the second drainage core 560, and the corresponding conduits 562A and 564A is another example of said configuration, and is It is considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

The configuration of the first drain core 550, the second drain core 560, and the corresponding conduits 562A and 564A further provides for installation at varying heights/depths and having varying widths/conduit diameters. As a result, effective gravel-free drainage can be configured for a variety of drainage applications.

As shown in Figure 12P, one embodiment of the first drainage core 550, the second drainage core 560, and the conduit 564A includes individually wrapping the components with a sheet material 510C of a barrier 510 or fabric 510B, and disposing the components relative to each other. As shown in FIG. 12P , that is, the first drainage core 550 and the second drainage core 560 are disposed adjacent to each other and are generally flat in one plane (eg, horizontal or vertical), and the conduit 564A is in the first drainage core 550 . On the opposite side of the location is provided near the second drainage core 560 . The wrapped first drainage core 550 is rotated in the direction indicated by arrow R from the first position R1 to the second position R2. The wrapped conduit 564A moves in the direction indicated by arrow Q from the first position Q1 to the second position Q2 toward the first drainage core 550 and the second drainage core 560 .

One embodiment of a drainage core 580 used as the first drainage core 550 and/or the second drainage core 560 is shown in FIG. 12Q. Drainage core 580 includes a base 582 and a protrusion 584 extending outwardly from at least one side thereof. In one embodiment, the protrusions 584 extend outwardly from both sides thereof. In one embodiment, the base 582 is permeable and defines one or more holes 583 extending therethrough for increased drainage through the core 580 . In one embodiment, one or more of the protrusions 584 includes a hole 585 extending therethrough for increasing drainage through the core 580 . In one embodiment, hole 585 is in fluid communication with one of holes 583 for increasing drainage through core 580 .

In one embodiment, the core 580 is made of polyethylene thermoplastic. In one embodiment, the core 580 is structural foam polyethylene. In one embodiment, the core 580 is a recessed polymer core. In one embodiment, the core 580 is a recessed high impact polystyrene core. In one embodiment, the wrapped first drainage core 550 and second drainage core 560 are formed using a geocomposite, such as a geotextile-geonet composite, geotextile-geomembrane composite, geomembrane-geogrid composite and geotextile-polymer core composites. In one embodiment, wrapped first drainage core 550 and second drainage core 560 are formed using polystyrene cores wrapped with polypropylene filter fabric.

Figure 16 illustrates one embodiment of a gravelless forming system 600 in accordance with the present invention and which includes a first forming assembly 602 and a second forming assembly 604 that form a sidewall, such as the sidewall 260 of Figures 15B and 15C. Barrier 610 includes inner layer 611A surrounded by outer layer 611B. In one embodiment, the inner layer 611A includes a first drainage core 650 and a second drainage core 660 . In one embodiment, outer layer 611B is fabric 610B. Fabric 610B is wrapped around first drainage core 650, second drainage core 660, and conduits such as conduits 662A and 664A. In one embodiment, conduits 662A and 664A are perforated conduits. In one embodiment, fabric 610B is formed as a sleeve or pocket 663 through which conduits 662A and 664A extend. An open volume or drainage cavity 670 is thus formed, which is bounded by the first drainage core 650, the second drainage core 660, and the corresponding conduits 662A and 664A.

FIG. 17 illustrates one embodiment of a gravel-free foundation drainage and ventilation system 700 that may be employed without the aforementioned bracket assemblies 120 and 220 in accordance with aspects of the present invention. Barrier 710 includes inner layer 711A surrounded by outer layer 711B. In one embodiment, the inner layer 711A includes a first drainage core 750 and a second drainage core 760 . In one embodiment, outer layer 711B is fabric 710B. The fabric 710B is wrapped around the first drainage core 750 , the second drainage core 760 and the conduit 762 . In one embodiment, conduit 762 is a perforated conduit. In one embodiment, fabric 710B is formed as a sleeve or pocket 763 through which conduit 762 extends. An open volume or drainage cavity 770 bounded by the first drainage core 750, the second drainage core 760 and the conduit 762 is thereby formed. As described below, in addition to use within or near building structural components, the inventors have discovered a variety of innovative uses for drainage and ventilation system 700 and the other components described above in sports fields, golf courses, and other applications.

In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 16 and 17, one or both of the first and second drainage cores 650, 660 and/or the first and second drainage cores 750, 760 include a plurality of surfaces therein The projections and/or depressions, these surface projections and/or depressions form a plurality of respective channels 655 and 755 extending vertically and horizontally through the respective drainage cores. As a result, water (eg, groundwater or subsurface water) and infiltrated air and other gases may enter the drainage cavities 670, 770 via the respective fabric-wrapped drainage cores 650 and/or 660 and 750 and/or 760. In one embodiment, one or both of the first and second drainage cores 650, 660 and/or the first and second drainage cores 750, 760 include one or more holes extending therethrough for use in Drainage through the core is increased relative to the core 580 shown in Figure 12Q. Figure 18A shows one embodiment of a drainage core 850 for use with any of the systems described herein above. The drainage core 850 is constructed from a sheet material 852 having a plurality of pockets 854 formed, for example, by punching, punching or molding. In one embodiment, the dimples 854 are formed in a row-column configuration including a first plurality of channels 855A extending through the core 850 in a first direction (eg, along a row of dimples 854), and The first plurality of channels 855A extend in a second direction through a second plurality of channels 855B extending through the core 850 in a generally orthogonal orientation (eg, along a column of dimples 854). It will be appreciated that the channels 855A and 855B allow liquid and gas to traverse the core 850 vertically and horizontally, depending on the orientation of the drainage core 850 . In one embodiment, each of the dimples 854 extends upward from the sheet 852 by a height H _DIMPLE of about 0.437 in (1.110 cm). It should be appreciated that changing (eg, increasing or decreasing) the height of the dimple 854 H _DIMPLE generally changes (eg, correspondingly increases or decreases) the amount of air, gas, and/or liquid captured, held, and moved/entrained in the drainage core 850 . volume. For example, a larger height H _DIMPLE increases the flow of the drainage core 850 , while a smaller height H _DIMPLE reduces the flow of the drainage core 850 . It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to a specific height H _DIMPLE and that the height may vary to accommodate certain drainage designs and specific parameters for achieving good water management practices. Figure 18C generally shows various properties of an example geotextile at 870 and an example height (H _DIMPLE ) (referred to as "tip height") at 880 and corresponding liquid flow rate (gal/foot width) min) various properties.

SF土工织物。(“Typar”是杜邦公司的商标)。As shown in FIG. 18B, one embodiment of the forming system, the barrier 610, 710 includes a sheet 610C providing a fabric 610B integrally formed with a sleeve 663 extending between portions 610D and 610E of the fabric sheet 610C, wherein, Such portions respectively enclose or wrap the respective drainage core, eg the first drainage core. In one embodiment, one of the conduits, such as conduit 662A, is disposed within sleeve 663 . In one embodiment, fabric 610B is a thermally bonded nonwoven geotextile that exhibits high grab tensile strength and elongation as described in ASTM D4632, Grab Load and Elongation of Geotextiles. In one embodiment, fabric 610B exhibits a grab tensile strength greater than 100 lbs and an elongation greater than fifty percent (50%). In one embodiment, fabric 610B provides hydraulic conductivity therethrough as described in ASTM D4491, Standard Test Method for Measuring Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Dielectric Constant. In one embodiment, fabric 610B exhibits a dielectric constant greater than 1 s ⁻¹ and a permeability of at least 0.05 cm/s. In one embodiment, fabric 610A is commercially available from DuPont

SF geotextiles. ("Typar" is a trademark of DuPont Corporation).

The inventors have discovered that, in some embodiments, barriers 510, 610, and 710 when configured as an interface between, for example, a siding or floor and an infill (eg, vertical and/or horizontal configuration), and/or configured at Thermal fractures form when draining blankets or mats (eg, horizontally configured) at or below the backfill surface. For example, as shown in Figures 18A and 18B, barriers 610 and 710 include inner drainage cores 650 or 660 and 750 or 760 (shown generally at 850), wrapped by outer fabrics 610B and 710B (shown generally at 860) such that Fabrics 610B and 710B (fabric 860) enclose core 650 or 660 and 750 or 760 (core 850). The inventors have recognized that in such a fabric-core-fabric "layered" or "sandwich" configuration, thermal breaks are formed between the surfaces disposed therebetween. For example, opposing fabric layers at least partially, if not completely, insulate the temperature of the adjoining materials. One side is a siding or floor, and the opposite side is a fill of gravel or soil. Internal drainage cores 650 or 660 and 750 or 760 (eg, core 850) allow airflow to further serve to isolate temperature differences between opposing fabric layers 610B and 710B (fabric 860) and the adjoining material. The inventors have also discovered that this isolation can be further enhanced, supplemented or controlled as desired by introducing conditioned air or liquid within the drainage cores 650 or 660 and 750 or 760 (core 850). For example, warm or cold air or liquid may be passed through drain cores 650 or 660 and 750 or 760 to adjust the temperature difference between adjoining materials.

In one embodiment, drainage cores 550, 560, 650, 660, 750, and/or 760 are fabricated by, for example: (i) continuously thermoforming the core; (ii) perforating the core; (iii) forming the core Cut to desired width; (iv) Laminate fabric 610B, 710B or fabric sheet 610C to core in desired configuration. In one embodiment, the adhesive 673 is disposed on one or both outer surfaces 672 and 674 of the respective drainage cores 650, 660 prior to application of the fabric 610B or fabric sheet 610C. In one embodiment, the binder 673 meets the compositional requirements specified in 21 C.F.R. §175.105 ("Indirect Food Additives: Binders and Coating Ingredients; Binders"). In one embodiment, the adhesive 673 exhibits an open time (ie, the time for a usable bond after application of the adhesive) of greater than thirty (30) seconds. In one embodiment, the adhesive 673 is a hot melt 1066 commercially available from Custom Chemicals.

19 illustrates various methods of using the forming system 600 of FIG. 16 and a gravel-free foundation foundation, drainage and ventilation system 700 (FIG. 17). As described herein above, constructing a building or other structure of interest includes forming a foundation foundation 2 to support foundation walls 4 and panels 6 extending therebetween. In one embodiment, as described herein above, forming system 600 is employed to form new foundation foundation 2A having drainage and ventilation systems integrally formed therein. In one embodiment, a molding assembly 602A configured similarly to molding assembly 602 is employed to further provide drainage and ventilation capabilities below panel 6 . In one embodiment, one molding assembly 602B is configured such that first core 650 and second core 660 extend substantially horizontally outward from conduit 662A to further provide drainage and ventilation capabilities below panel 6 . In one embodiment, the molding assembly of the present invention is used to provide drainage and ventilation capabilities around an existing foundation foundation 2B. In one such embodiment, one molding assembly 602C is positioned on the medial side 2C of the base 2B; and a second molding member 602D is positioned on the outer side 2D of the base 2B. In one embodiment, the first drainage core 650 and the second drainage core 660 may be positioned adjacent to the existing foundation foundation 2B. While Figure 19 illustrates various ways of using the molding system 600 and ventilation system 700, it should be understood that all embodiments of molding systems in accordance with the present invention may be employed as shown in Figure 19 .

As described herein, the present invention provides a concrete forming system for a building foundation and parts thereof, wherein the walls of the foundation are constructed using segments of building material that interlock end-to-end to form channels ( For example, channel 180). This channel facilitates the provision of ventilation for the effective and efficient mitigation or repair of radon or other undesired gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, from the structure being constructed. The shaping system of the present invention allows for the construction of foundations and walls of foundations that may have substantially vertical side walls of generally rectangular or square cross-section, side walls of generally trapezoidal cross-section, and/or combinations and variations thereof. The inventors have recognized that the molding system allows for the construction of, for example, sub-panel depressurization systems (eg: introduction of conditioned air and/or removal of air and other gases) with a minimum reduction of about percent compared to prior art systems Fifty percent (50%).

In one aspect of the invention, when installing a base form that requires leveling, the present invention (eg, bracket assembly 220 ) provides a relatively easy leveling feature to minimize the labor required to level the form prior to use.

In yet another aspect of the present invention, once the concrete has cured, there is no need to remove the formed components, as these components are integrally formed within the foundation or wall to provide additional structural support. In one embodiment, self-leveling reinforcement posts are used as vertical brackets if material is required to stop the concrete from flowing under the form.

In yet another aspect, the components of the molding system of the present invention are vertically stackable and horizontally expandable to accommodate foundations and/or walls of various heights and widths.

Some of the recognized benefits of constructing foundations and/or walls with trapezoidal profiles include, for example:

A. Add supports with standard base dimensions.

B. Reduce the amount of material with standard base dimensions.

C. The standard base size is reduced, but the same support is achieved.

D. Reduce the amount of material at a reduced size to achieve the same support.

For example, typical rectangular foundation dimensions are approximately twenty-four inches (24in; 60.96cm) wide, twelve inches (12in; 30.48cm) high, and ten feet (10 feet; 3.048m) long to provide 20 cubic feet (20cu .ft) cubic volume, while a trapezoidal foundation can be constructed to carry the same support with an upper width of approximately sixteen inches (16 in; 40.64 cm) and a lower width of twenty-four inches (24 in; 60.96 cm) and a height of ten Two inches (12in; 30.48cm) and ten feet (10ft; 3.048m) in length provide a cubic volume of 16 cubic feet (16cu.ft).

Barriers according to the present invention and forming systems for forming foundation foundations integrally formed with drainage and ventilation systems provide a portion of the foundation that retains flowable and curable building materials to form at least a portion of a structure of interest. The system includes side walls for receiving and retaining building material therebetween. The side walls are arranged in a predetermined configuration suitable for the foundation portion and include a first side wall and a second side wall. At least one of the first side wall and the second side wall includes at least one component having an interior cavity. The bracket assembly maintains the side wall in a predetermined configuration. The bracket assembly includes a first outwardly defined reinforcement post disposed adjacent the first side wall and a second outwardly defined reinforcement post disposed adjacent the second side wall. The divider rod includes a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and a plurality of holes disposed along the length of the divider rod. The plurality of holes includes a first set of holes disposed near the first end and a second set of holes disposed near the second end. The first set of holes and the second set of holes are sized to receive and retain each of the reinforcement posts at positions corresponding to the nominal width of the at least one component. A barrier is provided between the outwardly delimited columns. The barrier is defined by an inner layer surrounded by an outer layer and the barrier is permeable. After the building material has cured, the barrier and the at least one component remain in the foundation, and the barrier prevents backfill from filling the volume between a portion of the foundation and the outwardly defined column.

In one embodiment, the barrier inner layer includes a first drainage core having a first end, a second end and a plurality of channels extending therethrough; and a second drainage core having a first end, a second end and A plurality of channels extending therethrough. In one embodiment, the system includes a drainage cavity defined by at least one component and a first drainage core and a second drainage core, wherein the second drainage core is disposed generally vertically and is disposed on the first outwardly defined reinforcement post and adjacent at least one of the second outwardly defined reinforcement columns, the second end of the second drainage core is disposed adjacent to the second end of the first drainage core, and the first end of the first drainage core is The second end is positioned upwardly and is positioned inwardly from at least one of the first and second outwardly defined reinforcement posts, and wherein at least one component is disposed in the first and second drainage cores on the first end of each.

In one embodiment, the outer barrier layer is fabric. In one embodiment, the outer barrier layer is a geotextile having a grab tensile strength greater than 100 lbs and an elongation greater than fifty percent (50%). In one embodiment, the outer barrier layer is a geotextile having a dielectric constant greater than 1 s ⁻¹ and a permeability of at least 0.05 cm/s. In one embodiment, the barrier further includes an adhesive disposed between the inner barrier layer and the outer barrier layer. In one embodiment, at least one component is a perforated catheter.

A foundation foundation drainage and ventilation system according to the present invention includes a conduit, a first drainage core having a first end, a second end and a plurality of channels extending therethrough; and a second drainage core having a first end, a second end two ends and a plurality of channels extending therethrough. A fabric is wrapped around each of the conduit, the first drainage core, and the second drainage core. The drain cavity is defined by the conduit with a first drain core and a second drain core, wherein the second drain core is disposed generally vertically and adjacent to the first side of the conduit, and the second end of the second drain core is disposed at the first proximate the second end of the drainage core, wherein the first end of the first drainage core is positioned upwardly from the second end of the first drainage core and near the second side of the conduit; and wherein the at least one component is disposed between the first drainage core and the on the first end of each of the second drainage cores.

The foundation foundation drainage and ventilation system includes a conduit; a first drainage core having a first end, a second end, a first plurality of passages extending therethrough and a second plurality of passages extending therethrough, the second plurality of passages extending therethrough a second plurality of channels that are substantially orthogonal to the first plurality of channels; a second drainage core having a first end, a second end, a first plurality of channels extending therethrough, and a second plurality of channels extending therethrough , the second plurality of channels are substantially orthogonal to the first plurality of channels; a fabric wrapped around each of the conduit, the first drainage core and the second drainage core; wherein the conduit is disposed on the first drainage core and the second drainage core The first end of each of the two drainage cores is adjacent, and the second end of each of the first drainage core and the second drainage core extends outwardly from the conduit.

In one embodiment, the catheter is perforated. In one embodiment, the first drainage core and the second drainage core are permeable. In one embodiment, the fabric is permeable. In one embodiment, the fabric includes a geotextile exhibiting a grab tensile strength greater than 100 lbs and an elongation greater than fifty percent (50%). In one embodiment, the fabric includes a geotextile exhibiting a dielectric constant greater than 1 s ⁻¹ and a permeability of at least 0.05 cm/s. In one embodiment, an adhesive is provided between the fabric and the first and second drainage cores.

Additional Examples.

The inventors have discovered that the brackets and molding systems described above can be used in novel and non-obvious ways to provide and improve drainage, air and gas barriers, as air and thermal insulation jackets, dry veneer interior wall and ceiling tiles to provide repair and improve air Flow (into and out of the system) to provide and improve conditions within building/structural envelopes, irrigation, septic tank leach sites, etc., some with gravel-free embodiments. Applications for such systems may include, but are not limited to, agriculture, indoor and outdoor sports fields, building structures for various purposes, and open-air structures and environments, including but not limited to driveways, parking lots, sidewalks, parking garages, airport runways, bridges, mines , roof systems, etc.

The inventors have discovered that the systems described above can be used together and individually in many commercial products. For example, a bracket assembly 220 that includes one or more of the divider bars 230 and two or more of the reinforcement posts 240 is available under the trademark Dri-Bracket, generally shown at 1220 in FIG. 22 . As used herein, Dri-Bracket system 1220 may be used as a forming system to support components of side walls 262 and 264 (not shown in FIG. 22 ) and rebar support 157 . As shown in Figures 16, 19, and 21, the Dri-Bracket system 1220 may be used to form building structural components, such as foundations and foundations for structures of interest. When used with components such as conduits 662A and 664A and drainage cores 650 and 660, the Dri-Bracket system 1220 provides an integral ventilation and drainage molding system commercially available under the trademark Dri-Form (eg, as shown in FIGS. 16 and 19 ) . As shown in Figure 17, conduit 762A and drainage cores 750 and 760 provide a self-contained drainage and ventilation system 700 available under the trademark Dri-Drain. Dri-Bracket, Dri-Form and Dri-Drain are trademarks of DRFF Corporation, Shelton, Connecticut, USA.

As shown in Figures 23A and 23B, barriers 610 and 710 comprising drainage cores 650, 660, 750, 760, 850 and outer fabrics 610B, 710B, 860 (Figures 16, 17, 18A and 18B) can be used as Interface between siding 1004 or floor 1006 and infill (eg, vertical and/or horizontal and interior and/or exterior configurations), and/or as a drainage blanket disposed at or below the surface of backfill or foundation 12 or drainage mats (eg, in a horizontal configuration), and additionally for use as ceiling, subfloor components, etc. within the structure. For example, as shown in Figures 16, 17, 18A, and 18B, barriers 610 and 710 include inner drainage cores 650 or 660 wrapped by outer fabrics 610B, 710B, and 860, and 750 or 760, 850, such that fabrics 610B, 710B and 860 encapsulation core 650 or 660, 750 or 760 and 850. As noted above, the inventors have recognized that in such fabric-core-fabric, a "layered" or "sandwich" configuration creates thermal fractures between the surfaces on which the configuration is disposed. For example, the opposing fabric layer at least partially, if not completely, insulates the temperature of the adjoining material; a siding or floor on one side, and a gravel or soil fill on the opposite side. The inner drainage cores 650, 660, 750, 760, 850 allow the airflow to further act to isolate the temperature difference between the opposing fabric layers 610B, 710B, 860 and the adjoining material. The inventors have also discovered that this isolation can be further enhanced, supplemented or controlled as desired by introducing conditioned air or liquid within the drainage cores 650 or 660 and 750 or 760. For example, warm or cold air or liquid may be passed through the drainage cores 650, 660, 750, 760, 850 to adjust the temperature difference between adjoining materials. In one embodiment, a "layered" or "sandwich" configuration of the present invention is installed from the slope below (eg, as a drainage mat or foundation molding) to the ridge or uppermost roof element of the element, by moving in the building envelope The stagnant air or gas within, the air continuously traverses the channels formed by the drainage cores 650, 660, 750, 760, 850 to promote a structurally healthier environment. In another embodiment, the fabric 660, 760, 860 is installed on only one side of the layer configuration, eg, leaving an exposed surface of the drainage core 650, 750, 850 to provide an internal or external "slat system" , for applying plaster, plaster (scratch or finish), tile, stone, brick or line.

In yet another embodiment, the inventors have recognized that a liquid, foam, or fire suppression chemical may be provided from, for example, a sprinkler or other fire suppression system disposed within the structure (not shown), such that the barriers 610 and 710 may enhance the structure's Flame retardancy to help contain structural fires. Still further, in one embodiment, a flame retardant material may be applied to the fabrics 610B, 710B, 860 to aid in the flame retardancy of the barriers 610, 710. In yet another embodiment, the barrier 610, 710 may include only one fabric layer 610B, 710B, leaving a surface of the drainage core 650, 660, 750, 760, 850 exposed. In this embodiment, the fabric layers 610B, 710B are installed facing an adjoining surface, eg, the inside or outside of the board wall 1004, to receive gypsum, plaster, or mortar to bond the stone veneer thereto.

As shown in Figures 17 and 19, conduit 762 wrapped in fabric 710B and drainage cores 750 and 760 provide a separate drainage and ventilation system 700, also known as Dri-Drain. The inventors have discovered that in various configurations (shown in FIGS. 24A-24D ), including substantially flat and/or inclined horizontal 700A and vertical 700B configurations of fabric-wrapped drainage cores 750 , 760 and conduit 762 System 700 may be used in agricultural, sports field, golf course applications, etc. to provide improved overall ventilation, irrigation, drainage and ventilation systems. In this stand-alone embodiment, system 700 is provided under the trademark Dri-Turf. For example, in one embodiment, putting green 1100 is shown in FIGS. 25A and 25B and includes interconnected drainage and ventilation system 700, Dri-Turf system (eg, drainage core 750 wrapped in fabric 710B) and 760 and conduit 762) underground configuration 1160. Dri-Turf is a trademark of DRFF Corporation, Shelton, Connecticut, USA. As shown in FIG. 25B, putting green 1100 including configuration 1160 of interconnected drainage and ventilation system 700 includes a relatively short (in height) grass or synthetic top layer 1110, soil layer 1120, and subsurface drainage and ventilation layer 1130. As shown in Figure 25B, various portions of the subterranean configuration 1160 of the interconnected drainage and ventilation system 700 can carry drainage or flow capabilities such that the system 700 can capture, retain, and move quantities of water, such as groundwater and subsurface water, to subsurface water Drainage system, confined area, reservoir, etc. (not shown). As shown in Figure 25B, the drainage capacity at point A where the drainage pad (horizontal) configuration of drainage cores 750 and 760 meets the vertical configuration of drainage cores 750 and 760 is approximately twenty to fifty gallons per minute (20 to 50 gallons per minute). /min; 75.71 to 189.27 liters/min), the drainage cavity 770 has a drainage capacity of approximately one hundred twenty to four hundred eighty gallons per minute (120 to 480 gallons per minute; 454.25 to 1817 liters per minute), and the conduit The 762 has a drainage capacity of approximately 240 to 900 gallons per minute (240 to 900 gallons/min; 908.50 to 3406.87 liters/min).

Similarly, as shown in Figures 26A-26D, an interconnected drainage and ventilation system 700, Dri-Turf, may be employed with a plurality of drainage conduits 1240 disposed underground below the sports field 1200. In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 26A and 26B , the width W _FIELD of the sports field 1200 from one sideline 1202 to the opposite sideline 1204 is two hundred and twenty feet (220 ft; 67.06 meters), and at one hundred and ten feet ( 110 ft; 33.53 meters) with centerline 1201. Sports field 1200 also includes opposite ends 1206 and 1208 on the length L _FIELD of sports field 1200 . In this embodiment, the inventors have found that an effective drainage and ventilation system would include a drainage and ventilation system 700, the interconnecting piping of Dri-Turf, disposed at opposite ends 1206 and 1208 of the sports field 1200, across the In a plurality of rows 1210 of length L _FIELD and passing through its width W _FIELD . Each of the systems 700 is coupled to a conduit 1242 within a plurality of conduits 1240 arranged in a plurality of columns 1220 along a length L _FIELD of the field 1200 from end 1206 to end 1208 . At the intersection of each of the respective rows 1210 and columns 1220, as shown in Figure 26D, the drainage and ventilation system 700, Dri-Turf is arranged in a stacked configuration. In one embodiment shown in FIGS. 26A and 26B , rows 1210 of drainage and ventilation system 700 are eight feet (8 ft; 2.44 meters) apart at centerline 1201 of sports field 1200 and then travel from centerline 1201 at a distance of eight feet (8 ft; 2.44 meters). The centerlines of the respective systems 700 to each of the opposing lateral lines 1202 and 1204 of the field 1200 are equally spaced sixteen feet (16 ft; 4.88 meters) apart. In one embodiment, the last row of the rows 1210 near each respective siding 1202, 1204 is six feet (6 in; 1.83 m) from the siding 1202 or 1204. In one embodiment, the plurality of posts 1220 of the conduit 1242 are constructed of, for example, four to six inch (4 to 6 in; 10.16 cm to 15.24 cm) solid (non-perforated) tubing and run along the field 1200 from end 1206 to end 1208 The lengths L _FIELD are separated by 60 feet (60 ft; 18.29 meters) (centerline of stack to centerline of stack). In one embodiment, the plurality of conduits 1240 includes at least one conduit 1244 disposed at one or both of the lateral lines 1202 and 1204 and coupled to each of the plurality of columns 1220 of conduits 1242 . In one embodiment, conduit 1244 consists of, for example, a twelve inch (12 in; 30.48 cm) solid (non-perforated) pipe that extends along the length L _FIELD of sports field 1200 to carry or discharge a quantity of water, such as groundwater and secondary Surface water, the system 700 may capture, retain, and move this quantity of water through the drainage and ventilation system 700 to an associated drainage system, containment area, reservoir 1246, etc.

A cross-sectional view (along line 26C-26C) of one embodiment of the sports field 1200 is shown in Figure 26C. As shown in FIG. 26C , playing field 1200 includes a crown or ridge at centerline 1201 and tapers down from centerline 1201 to respective lateral lines 1202 and 1204 . As shown in Figure 26C and Figure 26D. A stacked configuration of drainage and ventilation systems 700 is provided at each intersection of a corresponding row 1210 and column 1220 . As shown in Figure 26D, the drainage and ventilation system 700 includes drainage cores 750 and 760 and conduit 762 wrapped in fabric 710B, as in the previous embodiment. In one embodiment, each of the stacks includes a system 700 coupled to one of the conduits 1242 disposed vertically at the intersection of one of the plurality of rows 1210 and one of the plurality of columns 1220, It is then coupled to one of the conduits 1242 arranged horizontally and defining one of the plurality of columns 1220. As shown in FIGS. 26A and 26C , each of the conduits 1242 arranged horizontally within the plurality of columns 1220 is coupled to a conduit 1244 (shown at 1204 ) at one or both of the lateral lines 1202 and 1204 . As shown in FIGS. 26C and 26D , the sports field 1200 includes a top layer 1260 (which includes turf or synthetic turf), a soil layer 1270 , and an underground drainage and ventilation layer that includes a stack of drainage and ventilation systems 700 and respective ones of the conduits 1242 . As shown in Figure 26D, the stacked drainage and ventilation systems 700 are provided in trenches 1300 that form rows 1210 in, for example, compacted soil 1290. In one embodiment, once the system 700 is installed, the trenches 1300 are backfilled with sand 1280 or other media to allow later access to the system 700 as needed.

27A-27C illustrate an example of an embodiment of a drainage and ventilation system 700 that may be disposed within trench 1300. FIG. In FIG. 27A, for example, drainage and ventilation system 700 is configured in which conduit 762 is wrapped around it by drainage core 750 and fabric 710B, and wherein drainage core 850 is disposed in a substantially horizontal drainage pad configuration above the wrapped conduit 762 . For example, in Figure 27B, drainage and ventilation system 700 is configured with conduit 762 wrapped around it by drainage cores 750 and 760 and fabric 710B, which then extend vertically and upwardly from conduit 762 at an oblique angle toward the top surface. Then, in a manner similar to that shown in Figure 24B, the drainage cores 750 and 760 are arranged horizontally. Alternatively, vertically and upwardly extending drainage cores 750 and 760 wrapped in fabric 710B terminate in drainage core 850 disposed in a substantially horizontal drainage pad configuration above wrapped cores 750 and 760 . In yet another embodiment shown in FIG. 27C , for example, drainage and ventilation system 700 is configured in which conduits 762 are wrapped around them by drainage cores 750 and 760 and fabric 710B, which are then vertical and upwardly parallel from conduit 762 The top surfaces of the sidewalls of the trenches 1300 (eg, substantially angularly vertical) extend. The central portion 1302 of the trench 1300 above the conduit 762 and between the drainage cores 750 and 760 is then filled in a side-by-side or back-to-back arrangement of the drainage cores 750 and 760 . The substantially vertical and side-by-side or back-to-back arrangement of drainage cores 750 and 760 wrapped in fabric 710B terminates in drainage core 850 disposed in a substantially horizontal drainage pad configuration above the wrapped cores 750 and 760 . In one embodiment, as with the embodiment of Figure 26D, once the system 700 is installed in any of the example embodiments shown in Figures 27A-27C, the trench 1300 is backfilled with sand 1280 or other medium to Later access to the system 700 is permitted as needed. The inventors have found that the example embodiment of FIG. 27C is particularly useful for accessing drainage and ventilation system 700 after initial installation. For example, for maintenance or repair. The inventors have also discovered that improved drainage, ventilation, thermal conductivity, and other properties can be achieved through one or more arrangements, such as the side-by-side and/or back-to-back configuration of drainage cores 650, 750, and 850, as shown in FIG. In one embodiment, the drainage cores 650, 750, 850 comprise a flat sheet 1852 similar to the sheet 852 (which has a plurality of dimples 854 formed therein), wherein no dimples 854 are formed. Flat sheet 1852 may be secured to portions of pockets 854 in sheet 852 to define channels formed between pockets 852. In yet another embodiment, a mesh or grid sheet 1860 is added to a "layered" or "sandwich" configuration of core 850 and fabric 860, for example. In one embodiment, the mesh or grid sheet 1860 may be coupled to a low pressure source (not shown). The grid sheet 1860 may conduct low voltages across the sheet, eg, in rows and columns, and provide notification, eg, when a change in conductivity and/or impedance is detected, eg, at a point (intersection of the corresponding row and column) system. The inventors have recognized that when drainage cores 650, 750, 850, including grid sheets 1860, are disposed adjacent to a slab wall, for example, a change in conductivity or impedance can indicate leakage of liquid, such as groundwater, through the slab wall. In this embodiment, the drainage core is used, for example, as a notification and/or detection system for defects in the foundation.

Referring again to Figures 26A and 26C. Larger conduits, such as conduit 1244 , may be provided at one or both of the lateral lines 1202 and 1204 of the sports field 1200 . In one embodiment, a plurality of drainage members 1250 (shown in FIGS. 28A and 28B ) are provided at one or both of the side lines 1202 and 1204 in a stacked configuration, wherein one of the vertically arranged conduits 1242 will Corresponding drain members 1250 are coupled to conduits 1244 . In one embodiment, the drainage member 1250 includes a drainage grid or screen 1252 having a plurality of holes 1253 and drainage containment chambers 1254 to help prevent debris from flowing into the drainage system 700 and the underground configuration of drainage conduits 1240 below the sports field 1200 middle.

The inventors have discovered that certain environmental conditions, such as hot days and cooler nights, allow heat to radiate to and through the drainage cores 750, 760, 850, which may cause thermal expansion of the cores 750, 760, and 850 during thermal exposure and subsequent thermal expansion of the cores 750, 760, and 850. Contraction at night as the heat dissipates. If this movement is not otherwise accounted for in the installation of the drainage and ventilation system 700, the cycle of thermal expansion and contraction may fold or otherwise displace the cores 750, 760, and 850. In one embodiment shown in FIG. 29 , expansion joints 1400 are configured within the structure of drainage cores 750 , 760 and 850 . As shown above with reference to FIGS. 18A and 18B , the drainage core 850 is constructed of a sheet material 852 having a plurality of pockets 854 formed therein, eg, in a row-column configuration. As shown in Figure 29, portion 1410 of sheet 852 does not include dimples 854 and is composed of thinner, more flexible walls that allow and otherwise accommodate by bending or folding inward and upward, for example, in response to expansion expansion and contraction. In one embodiment, portion 1410 may include a configuration, pattern, or profile to more easily accommodate expansion and contraction, such as a series of raised portions that form a serrated or serrated profile.

In one embodiment, one or more of the drainage cores 750 , 760 , and 850 of the horizontal drainage pad configuration are coupled or coupled using the coupling and restraint member 1450 shown in FIG. 30 . In one embodiment, the coupling and restraint member 1450 includes an upper flange 1452 and a lower flange 1454 that are coupled by a central wall 1456 and define a first interior cavity 1458A and a second interior cavity 1458B therebetween. The interior cavities 1458A and 1458B of the coupling and restraint member 1450 are adapted to receive the drainage core 850 in a horizontal configuration. In one embodiment, the coupling and restriction member 1450 couples adjacent drainage cores 850A and 850B and restricts the flow of liquid, air, gas, etc. between the cores 850A and 850B. In one aspect of the present invention, the coupling and restriction member 1450 prevents flow through the core 850 and can be used to allow uniform drainage.

In further embodiments, the drainage and ventilation system of the present invention is seen to provide rain screens, exterior and interior sheathing, also in place of gypsum board and ceiling tiles. Installation of the Dri-Drain wall system described above is easier and faster, in part due to the relatively low weight compared to conventional systems. Seeing that the system has a lower environmental impact and a greater haul per truckload, enhancements are made to suit different building sectors or industries. Embodiments provide improved fire resistance, thermal conductivity and/or barriers, improved ventilation to remove poor air quality or gases in residential, commercial, industrial applications of use.

Additionally, in applications involving sports fields, the present invention provides reduced impact on the field (G-MAX) resulting in less injury, fatigue and wear to the athlete's body, as well as higher drainage flow and thermal conductivity and /or barriers to extend the seasonal use of the site. The systems described herein provide water retention, thermal conductivity, and/or barriers in irrigated agriculture. Solve many irrigation and environmental problems in agriculture and mining. Can be used as a leak detection system for low-grade applications when used with low voltage across the core. The system can be used as ceiling tiles, as an improvement/supplement to HVAC systems, air restoration and ventilation systems, etc. The systems described herein can be used as interior sheathing or gypsum boards, which are lightweight, quick to install, large per truck load, environmentally friendly, HVAC vents, air remediation, moisture resistant. The system can also be used as exterior sheathing and/or siding, slats and rain mesh, each of which has light weight, thermal conductivity and/or barrier and moisture resistance properties.

The terms "first," "second," etc. herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. Additionally, the terms "a" and "an" herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced items.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof, those of ordinary skill in the art, upon reading and understanding the foregoing disclosure, will appreciate that various changes and modifications to the disclosed embodiments will fall within the invention and within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims (16)

1. A system for maintaining a flowable and curable building material to form a portion of a foundation for at least a portion of a structure of interest, the system comprising: side walls receiving and retaining the building material therebetween, the side walls being arranged in a predetermined configuration suitable for the portion of the foundation, the side walls including a first side wall and a second side wall, the first side wall at least one of the sidewall and the second sidewall includes at least one component having an interior cavity; a bracket assembly for retaining the side wall in the predetermined configuration, the bracket assembly comprising: a first outwardly defined reinforcement post disposed adjacent said first side wall, a second outwardly defined reinforcement post disposed adjacent the second side wall, and A divider rod having a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and a plurality of holes disposed along the length of the divider rod, the plurality of holes including a first end disposed adjacent the first end a set of holes and a second set of holes disposed near the second end, the first set of holes and the second set of holes sized to be at locations corresponding to the nominal width of the at least one component receiving and maintaining each of the reinforcement columns; and a barrier disposed between the outwardly bounding posts, the barrier being defined by an inner layer surrounded by an outer layer, the barrier being permeable; wherein the barrier and the at least one component are retained in the foundation after the building material has cured; and wherein the barrier prevents backfill from filling the volume between the portion of the foundation and the outwardly bounding column. 2. The system of claim 1, the barrier inner layer comprising: a first drainage core having a first end, a second end and a plurality of channels extending therethrough; and A second drainage core having a first end, a second end and a plurality of channels extending therethrough. 3. The system of claim 2, further comprising: a drainage cavity defined by the at least one component and the first and second drainage cores; wherein the second drainage core is disposed substantially vertically and is disposed adjacent to at least one of the first outwardly defined reinforcement post and the second outwardly defined reinforcement post, the second drainage core a second end is disposed adjacent the second end of the first drainage core, and wherein the first end of the first drainage core is positioned upwardly from the second end of the first drainage core, and from the first and second outwardly-defined reinforcement posts at least one of is positioned inward; and wherein the at least one component is disposed on the first end of each of the first and second drainage cores. 4. The system of claim 1, the outer barrier layer comprising a fabric. 5. The system of claim 1, the barrier outer layer comprising: Grab geotextiles with a tensile strength greater than 100 lbs and an elongation greater than fifty percent (50%). 6. The system of claim 1, the barrier outer layer comprising: Geotextiles with a dielectric constant greater than 1s ^-1 and a permeability of at least 0.05cm/s. 7. The system of claim 1, the barrier further comprising: An adhesive disposed between the inner barrier layer and the outer barrier layer. 8. The system of claim 1, the at least one component comprising a perforated catheter. 9. A drainage and ventilation system for a foundation, the system comprising: catheter; a first drainage core having a first end, a second end and a plurality of channels extending therethrough; a second drainage core having a first end, a second end and a plurality of channels extending therethrough; a fabric wrapped around each of the conduit, the first drainage core, and the second drainage core; and a drainage cavity defined by the conduit and the first and second drainage cores; wherein the second drainage core is disposed substantially vertically and adjacent to the first side of the conduit, the second end of the second drainage core is disposed at the second end of the first drainage core near the end, wherein the first end of the first drainage core is positioned upwardly from the second end of the first drainage core and is positioned adjacent a second side of the conduit; and wherein the at least one component is disposed on the first end of each of the first and second drainage cores. 10. A foundation foundation drainage and ventilation system, the system comprising: catheter; A first drainage core having a first end, a second end, a first plurality of channels extending therethrough, and a second plurality of channels extending therethrough, the second plurality of channels being substantially orthogonal to the the first plurality of channels; A second drainage core having a first end, a second end, a first plurality of channels extending therethrough, and a second plurality of channels extending therethrough, the second plurality of channels being substantially orthogonal to the the first plurality of channels; a fabric wrapped around each of the conduit, the first drainage core, and the second drainage core; wherein the conduit is disposed near the first end of each of the first and second drain cores, and the second drain of each of the first and second drain cores An end extends outwardly from the conduit. 11. The system of claim 9, the catheter is perforated. 12. The system of claim 9, the first and second drainage cores are permeable. 13. The system of claim 9, the fabric is permeable. 14. The system of claim 9, the fabric comprising: Grab geotextiles with a tensile strength greater than 100 lbs and an elongation greater than fifty percent (50%). 15. The system of claim 9, the fabric comprising: Geotextiles with a dielectric constant greater than 1s ^-1 and a permeability of at least 0.05cm/s. 16. The system of claim 9, further comprising: An adhesive disposed between the fabric and the first and second drainage cores.

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