CN111369294B - Software cost estimation method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and device for estimating software cost. The method includes: obtaining a requirement specification; determining each title in the requirement specification and the description content of each title; determining at least one function key in the description content of each title words; based on each functional keyword and the title to which each functional keyword belongs, determine the type of each functional keyword; based on the type of each functional keyword in the demand specification and the total number of functional keywords, calculate The cost estimate of the software item corresponding to the requirement specification. The software cost estimation method and device provided by the invention can improve the calculation efficiency of software cost estimation.

Description

Software cost estimation method and device

technical field

The invention relates to the field of computer technology, in particular to a software cost estimation method and device.

Background technique

Software cost estimation is to measure the scale of software by quantifying system functions and logical design of the system from the perspective of users, and then estimate the cost of software. Among them, the function point size measurement method has been widely used in the world, and has replaced the line of code as the most mainstream software size measurement method. This method is applicable to various application scenarios such as software cost estimation, and provides quantitative guidance for software cost budgeting, bidding, software project planning, software cost settlement, and software process data collection.

In related technologies, software cost estimation is based on manually splitting and calculating the content of the requirement specification, however, the efficiency of manually splitting and calculating the content of the requirement specification is low.

Contents of the invention

Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and device for estimating software cost, so as to solve the problem in the related art that the efficiency of manually splitting and calculating the content of the requirement specification is low.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved in that:

In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a software cost estimation method, the method comprising:

Obtain a requirement specification;

Determine each title in the requirement specification and the description content of each title;

Identify at least one functional keyword in the descriptive content of each title;

Determine the type of each functional keyword based on each functional keyword and the title to which each functional keyword belongs;

Based on the type of each function keyword in the requirement specification and the total number of function keywords, the cost estimate of the software item corresponding to the requirement specification is calculated.

Further, the step of determining at least one functional keyword in the description content of each title includes:

Segmentation is performed on the explanatory content of each title to obtain at least one explanatory sentence, wherein each explanatory sentence is located between two segmentation marks, and the segmentation marks include punctuation marks and separators;

Semantic analysis is performed on each explanatory sentence to obtain at least one functional keyword in the explanatory content of each title.

Further, the step of performing semantic analysis on each explanatory sentence includes:

identify the sentence type of each declarative sentence;

identifying the verbs in the declarative sentences, and determining the dominated object in each declarative sentence based on the verbs shown and the sentence pattern type;

The functional keywords of each explanatory sentence are determined according to the verb and the dominated object.

Further, the step of determining the type of each functional keyword based on each functional keyword and the title to which each functional keyword belongs includes:

Perform semantic analysis on each title to obtain the meaning information of each title;

Determine the type of the target function keyword based on the target function keyword and the target meaning information, the target function keyword is any one of the function keywords in the requirement specification, and the target meaning information is the target meaning information to which it belongs The meaning information of the title.

The step of determining each title in the demand specification and the description content of each title includes:

Acquiring feature information of each line of text in the requirement specification;

Determine each title in the requirement specification based on the feature information of each line of text, where the feature information includes at least one of the font, color, font size, thickness, underline, slant, and layout format of the text;

The explanatory content between two adjacent titles is used as the explanatory content information of the target title, and the target title is the title that is earlier in the layout order of the requirement specification among the two adjacent titles.

In the second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a software cost estimation device, including:

The acquisition module is used to acquire the requirement specification;

A first determining module, configured to determine each title in the requirement specification and the explanatory content of each title;

The second determination module is used to determine at least one functional keyword in the description content of each title;

The third determining module is used to determine the type of each functional keyword based on each functional keyword and the title to which each functional keyword belongs;

A calculating module, configured to calculate the cost estimate of the software project corresponding to the requirement specification based on the type of each function keyword in the requirement specification and the total number of function keywords.

Further, the second determination module includes:

Sentence segmentation module, configured to perform sentence segmentation operation on the explanatory content of each title to obtain at least one explanatory sentence, wherein each explanatory sentence is located between two segmentation marks, and the segmentation marks include punctuation marks and separators ;

The first analysis sub-module is used to perform semantic analysis on each explanatory sentence to obtain at least one functional keyword in the explanatory content of each title.

Further, the first analysis submodule includes:

A recognition unit is used to recognize the sentence type of each explanatory sentence;

The first determination unit is used to determine the verbs in the descriptive sentences, and determine the dominated object in each descriptive sentence based on the verbs shown and the sentence pattern type;

The second determining unit is configured to determine the functional keywords of each explanatory sentence according to the verb and the dominated object.

In the third aspect, the embodiment of the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and operable on the processor, and the computer program is executed by the processor Realize the steps of the above-mentioned software cost estimation method at the same time.

In the fourth aspect, the embodiment of the present invention also provides an electronic device, which is characterized in that it includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and operable on the processor, and the computer program is controlled by the The steps of realizing the above-mentioned software cost estimation method when the above-mentioned processor executes.

In the embodiment of the present invention, by obtaining the requirements specification; determining each title in the requirements specification and the description content of each title; determining at least one functional keyword in the description content of each title; based on each function key Word and the title to which each functional keyword belongs, determine the type of each functional keyword; based on the type of each functional keyword in the requirement specification, calculate the cost estimate of the software project corresponding to the requirement specification . In this way, the scale of the software can be measured by the computer through the intelligent semantic analysis technology based on the content in the requirement specification, and the cost estimate can be quickly output, thereby improving the calculation efficiency of the software cost estimate.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a software cost estimation method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a software cost estimation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is a kind of software cost estimation method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, described method comprises:

Step 101: Obtain a requirement specification.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the demand specification is an electronic file with identifiable characters. The way to obtain the demand specification can be to receive the demand specification uploaded by the user with recognizable text, or to receive the unrecognizable electronic file (such as a picture) uploaded by the user, and use the scanning tool and text recognition tool to convert the text to be The identified requirement specification is not limited here.

Step 102: Determine each title in the requirement specification and the description content of each title.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the text features of the title and the description content can be different, so as to distinguish the title and the description content in the demand specification, wherein, the title can also be divided into titles of different levels, and the text features of the titles of different levels can also be divided into Can be different to further distinguish titles of different levels.

By using different text features as features and combining classification algorithms to train multiple test requirements specifications, a model that can classify text in requirements specifications into titles and description content through different text features can be obtained. When a new requirement specification is obtained later, the model can be directly used to determine each title and description content in the requirement specification.

Among them, if it is found that the two determined titles are respectively located in two adjacent lines in the requirement specification, the two titles can be combined to become one title.

In an optional implementation manner, step 102 may include:

Acquiring feature information of each line of text in the requirement specification;

Determine each title in the requirement specification based on the feature information of each line of text, where the feature information includes at least one of the font, color, font size, thickness, underline, slant, and layout format of the text;

The explanatory content between two adjacent titles is used as the explanatory content information of the target title, and the target title is the title that is earlier in the layout order of the requirement specification among the two adjacent titles.

Usually the title and description content are displayed on separate lines, so in this embodiment, the text on the same line is used as a determination object to determine the text type, for example: the text on the same line are all titles, or the text on the same line are all description content.

Specifically, after acquiring the feature information of each line of text, it may be determined whether each line of text is a title or an explanatory content according to a preset mapping relationship between text types and feature information.

The above-mentioned arrangement format of the text may be at least one of left alignment, center alignment, right alignment and two-end alignment of the text. By using the characteristic information of the above characters as the basis for distinguishing different types of characters, the title and description content in the requirement specification can be distinguished.

In addition, each explanatory content is immediately adjacent to the title to which it belongs, and the general text habit is that the explanatory content is located after the title to which it belongs, so the explanatory content in two adjacent titles can be used as the explanatory content of the previous title.

Step 103: Determine at least one functional keyword in the description content of each title.

The function keywords refer to the descriptive information proposed in the requirements specification that the software to be produced should have corresponding functions. The more function keywords, the more functions the software has, so the workload required for the produced software is also less. The larger the cost, the more time cost and labor cost, resulting in a higher valuation of the software cost.

In an optional implementation manner, step 103 may include:

Segmentation is performed on the explanatory content of each title to obtain at least one explanatory sentence, wherein each explanatory sentence is located between two segmentation marks, and the segmentation marks include punctuation marks and separators;

Semantic analysis is performed on each explanatory sentence to obtain at least one functional keyword in the explanatory content of each title.

In this embodiment, the sentence between the two segmentation tags in each explanation content is split into an explanation sentence.

By performing semantic analysis on at least one explanatory sentence one by one or performing semantic analysis on multiple explanatory sentences in parallel, it can be determined whether there are functional keywords in each explanatory sentence. If there are functional keywords, several functional keywords and each function Keyword specific content. Wherein, the description content of each title includes at least one functional keyword.

The semantic analysis mentioned in the embodiment of the present invention may be a smart semantic perception algorithm, which includes content classification, clustering, topic analysis, semantic analysis, entity recognition, heuristic search engine, recommendation engine, summary engine, etc.

Due to the variety of language expressions, and when a complete sentence is long, it is prone to ambiguity and multiple interpretations. Therefore, in this embodiment, by splitting the explanation content into short sentences, it is possible to avoid the probability of making mistakes when the semantic analysis analyzes a long text at one time, and improve the accuracy of the semantic analysis.

Further, the above step of performing semantic analysis on each explanatory sentence may include:

identify the sentence type of each declarative sentence;

Determining the verbs in the declarative sentences, and determining the dominated object in each declarative sentence based on the verbs and the sentence pattern type;

The functional keywords of each explanatory sentence are determined according to the verb and the dominated object.

Since the functional keyword is a description of the realization of the functional behavior, it must include the verb and the object acted on by the verb, and may or may not include the dominating object of the verb.

In this embodiment, when semantically analyzing the explanatory sentences, firstly analyze the sentence type of each explanatory sentence; then determine the verbs in the explanatory sentences, for example: calling, screening, etc., to determine the verbs in the explanatory sentences Finally, combined with the sentence type, determine the dominated object in the explanatory sentence, where the dominated object is a noun; finally, determine the functional keywords of the explanatory sentence through the verb and the dominated object.

For example: the descriptive sentence is "the company's organizational structure can be maintained", the sentence type is the sentence type after the verb, after the verb "maintenance" is determined, the dominated object "organizational structure" is determined before the verb, through Combine verbs and dominated objects to determine the functional keyword "maintaining organizational structure" of explanatory sentences.

It should be noted that when the descriptive sentence includes verbs, the number of verbs may be more than one. For example: the descriptive sentence is "can maintain and graphically display the company's organizational structure", and the sentence type is a sentence with verbs in front Type, after determining the verbs "maintain" and "display", determine the dominated object "organizational structure" after the verb, through the combination of verbs and dominated objects, determine the functional keywords of the explanatory sentence "maintain the organizational structure" and " Demonstrate organizational structure".

In addition, there may be one verb and more than one subject, or more than one verb and the same number of subject as the verb. The principles are the same or similar to those described above, and will not be repeated in this embodiment.

It should be noted that, when the explanatory sentence is longer and the sentence type of the explanatory sentence includes both verbs before and after the verb, the functional keywords are determined by referring to the above-mentioned method of verbs after.

In this embodiment, the method of determining the dominated object by the sentence type and the verb, and obtaining the functional keyword through the combination of the verb and the dominated object is to determine the functional keyword based on the expression of the explanatory sentence itself, which can improve The accuracy of the determination of functional keywords in the declarative sentence.

Step 104: Based on each functional keyword and the title to which each functional keyword belongs, determine the type of each functional keyword.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the types of function keywords include 5 types, namely external input (EI), external output (EI), external query (EQ), internal logic file (Internal Logic File, referred to as ILF) and external interface file (External Interface File, ELF for short).

The same functional keywords may appear in the description content of multiple titles in the requirements specification, and the same functional keywords have different types under multiple titles. Take the functional keyword "Modify Post" as an example. The type of the functional keyword "Modify Post" is only when the title is in the description content of the parent association title of the functional keyword (for example: "Personnel Post Management"). Internal logic file (ILF), when it appears in the description content of other titles (for example: R&D architecture), the function keyword "modify post" is actually just an interface call to the function in the parent associated title, which is an external input at this time (EI), because the workload of the two is different, so they need to be distinguished by different types.

Other types are also distinguished based on the above-mentioned different working methods and workloads to determine different types, which is conducive to the accuracy of software cost estimation.

In an optional implementation manner, step 104 may include:

Perform semantic analysis on each title to obtain the meaning information of each title;

Determine the type of the target function keyword based on the target function keyword and the target meaning information, the target function keyword is any one of the function keywords in the requirement specification, and the target meaning information is the target meaning information to which it belongs The meaning information of the title.

In this embodiment, the mapping relationship between each functional keyword and its parent associated text is also included, and the mapping relationship may also include synonyms and synonyms of the title, as well as synonyms and synonyms of the functional keyword, for example: personnel management is a new post After adding synonyms and synonyms of functional keywords, personnel management can also be the parent association of functional keywords such as creating a position, creating a position, and creating a new position.

Therefore, by performing semantic analysis on each title, the subsequent classification of each functional keyword can be determined in combination with the meaning information of the title to which the functional keyword belongs, so as to improve the accuracy of the classification of each functional keyword, and then It is beneficial to the accuracy of software cost estimation.

Step 105: Based on the type of each function keyword in the requirement specification and the total number of function keywords, calculate the estimated cost of the software project corresponding to the requirement specification.

It has been explained above that different types of function keywords correspond to different workloads. Therefore, by configuring a larger weight value for a type with a larger workload and a smaller weight value for a type with a smaller workload, it is possible to calculate The function points of the software item corresponding to the requirements specification. Specifically, assuming that the total number of functional keywords in the requirement specification is 12, among them, there are 3 ILFs, 1 ELF, 4 EIs, 1 EO and 3 EQs, where the weight value of ILF is 10, and the weight of EIF The value is 7, the weight value of EI is 4, the weight value of EO is 5, and the weight value of EQ is 4, then the function points of the software project corresponding to the requirements specification S=3×10+1×7+4×4+1 ×5+3×4=70.

The cost estimate of the software item can be calculated through the function points of the software item corresponding to the requirement specification.

Specifically, the software R&D cost SDC=(S×PDR)×SWF×RDF×F+DNC; among them, S is the function point of the software project; PDR is the productivity; SWF is the software factor adjustment factor; RDF is the development factor adjustment factor; F is the labor cost rate; DNC is the direct non-human cost. The above five parameters except S have nothing to do with the requirement specification, and are factors determined according to factors such as the actual situation of different regions and companies. After determining these parameters, the software development cost can be calculated in combination with the function points of the software project.

Taking the above example as an example, assuming that PDR=1, SWF=1, RDF=1, DNC=0, F=1000 yuan/person-day, it can be calculated as SDC=(S×PDR)×SWF×RDF×F+DNC =(3×10+1×7+4×4+1×5+3×4)×1×1×1×1000+0=70000 yuan.

It should be noted that the above is just an example of the valuation of software project cost for one situation, and should not be limited thereto. It can be understood that any solution that calculates the function points of the software item based on the above method and calculates the cost estimate of the software item in combination with the function points falls within the scope of protection required by the embodiments of the present invention.

Please refer to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a software cost estimation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the software cost estimation device 200 includes:

An acquisition module 210, configured to acquire a requirement specification;

The first determining module 220 is configured to determine each title in the requirement specification and the explanatory content of each title;

The second determination module 230 is used to determine at least one functional keyword in the description content of each title;

The third determining module 240 is configured to determine the type of each functional keyword based on each functional keyword and the title to which each functional keyword belongs;

The calculation module 250 is configured to calculate the cost estimate of the software project corresponding to the requirement specification based on the type of each function keyword in the requirement specification and the total number of function keywords.

Optionally, the second determination module 230 includes:

Sentence segmentation module, configured to perform sentence segmentation operation on the explanatory content of each title to obtain at least one explanatory sentence, wherein each explanatory sentence is located between two segmentation marks, and the segmentation marks include punctuation marks and separators ;

The first analysis sub-module is used to perform semantic analysis on each explanatory sentence to obtain at least one functional keyword in the explanatory content of each title.

Optionally, the first analysis submodule includes:

A recognition unit is used to recognize the sentence type of each explanatory sentence;

The first determination unit is used to determine the verbs in the descriptive sentences, and determine the dominated object in each descriptive sentence based on the verbs shown and the sentence pattern type;

The second determining unit is configured to determine the functional keywords of each explanatory sentence according to the verb and the dominated object.

The software cost estimating apparatus 200 of the embodiment of the invention can implement various processes implemented in the method embodiment in FIG. 1 , and details are not repeated here to avoid repetition.

The software cost estimating apparatus 200 of the embodiment of the present invention can improve the calculation efficiency of software cost estimation.

An embodiment of the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored on the memory and operable on the processor. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the computer program in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is implemented. Each process of the software cost estimation method can achieve the same technical effect, so in order to avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

The embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium. A computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, each process of the above-mentioned software cost estimation method embodiment is realized, and the same Technical effects, in order to avoid repetition, will not be repeated here. Wherein, the computer-readable storage medium is, for example, a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM for short), a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM for short), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like.

It should be noted that, in this document, the term "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, It also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent in the process, method, article, or device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus comprising that element.

Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, and of course also by hardware, but in many cases the former is better implementation. Based on such an understanding, the essence of the technical solution of the present invention or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of software products, and the computer software products are stored in a storage medium (such as ROM/RAM, disk, CD) contains several instructions to make a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device, etc.) execute the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.

Embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations, and the above-mentioned specific implementations are only illustrative, rather than restrictive, and those of ordinary skill in the art will Under the enlightenment of the present invention, without departing from the gist of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, many forms can also be made, all of which belong to the protection of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method for estimating cost of software, the method comprising:

acquiring a demand instruction;

determining the respective titles in the requirement specification and the description content of each title;

determining at least one functional keyword in the descriptive content of each title, comprising: performing sentence dividing operation on the description content of each title to obtain at least one description sentence, wherein each description sentence is positioned between two segmentation marks, and each segmentation mark comprises punctuation marks and separators; semantic analysis is carried out on each description sentence to obtain at least one functional keyword in the description content of each title;

determining the type of each function keyword based on each function keyword and the title to which each function keyword belongs;

calculating a cost estimate of a software item corresponding to the demand specifications based on the type of each function keyword and the total number of function keywords in the demand specifications;

the step of carrying out semantic analysis on each description sentence comprises the following steps:

identifying the sentence pattern type of each description sentence;

determining verbs in the explanatory sentences, and determining dominant objects in each explanatory sentence based on the verbs and the sentence types;

and determining the functional keywords of each explanatory sentence according to the verb and the dominated object.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the type of each function keyword based on each function keyword and a title to which each function keyword belongs includes:

carrying out semantic analysis on each title to obtain meaning information of each title;

and determining the type of the target function keyword based on the target function keyword and target meaning information, wherein the target function keyword is any one function keyword in the requirement specification, and the target meaning information is the meaning information of the title to which the target meaning information belongs.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the respective titles in the demand specifications, and the descriptive content of each title, comprises:

acquiring characteristic information of each line of characters in the requirement specification;

determining each title in the requirement specification based on characteristic information of each row of characters, wherein the characteristic information comprises at least one of characters in a font, a color, a size, a thickness, an underline, a slope and an arrangement format of the characters;

and taking the description content between two adjacent titles as description content information of a target title, wherein the target title is the title in front of the layout sequence of the requirement specification in the two adjacent titles.

4. A software manufacturing cost estimation device, comprising:

the acquisition module is used for acquiring the requirement specification;

the first determining module is used for determining each title in the requirement specification and the description content of each title;

a second determining module for determining at least one functional keyword in the explanatory content of each title;

a third determining module, configured to determine a type of each function keyword based on each function keyword and a title to which each function keyword belongs;

a calculation module, configured to calculate a cost estimate of a software item corresponding to the requirement specification based on a type of each function keyword and a total number of function keywords in the requirement specification;

the second determining module includes:

the sentence dividing module is used for dividing the description content of each title to obtain at least one description sentence, wherein each description sentence is positioned between two segmentation marks, and each segmentation mark comprises punctuation marks and separators;

the first analysis submodule is used for carrying out semantic analysis on each description sentence respectively to obtain at least one functional keyword in the description content of each title;

the first analysis sub-module includes:

the identifying unit is used for identifying the sentence pattern type of each description sentence;

a first determining unit configured to determine verbs in explanatory sentences, and determine dominant objects in each explanatory sentence based on the verbs and the sentence pattern type;

and the second determining unit is used for determining the functional keyword of each explanatory sentence according to the verb and the dominated object.

5. An electronic device comprising a processor, a memory and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the computer program implementing the steps of the software cost estimation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 when executed by the processor.

6. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps of the software cost estimation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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