CN111351567A - Ship equipment vibration state monitoring device and method based on acceleration sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and method for monitoring the vibration state of ship equipment based on an acceleration sensor. It includes an acceleration signal acquisition unit and a signal processing unit, the acceleration signal acquisition unit includes an acceleration sensor and an acquisition end processor that is communicatively connected to the acceleration sensor; the signal processing unit includes a processing end processor and a host computer that is communicatively connected to the processing end processor, The acquisition-end processor transmits the data to the processing-end processor, and the processing-end processor receives the data, performs Fourier transform, and uploads the time-domain data and the frequency-domain data to the upper computer at the same time. The advantages are: the purpose of real-time monitoring of the vibration state of ship equipment is realized, data uploading in time domain and frequency domain is provided, which is convenient for equipment failure analysis, and the continuous deterioration after equipment failure is avoided, economic losses are reduced, and ship equipment can be accurately calculated. The vibration intensity is high, the abnormal vibration recognition rate is high, and the vibration of ship equipment can be directly and effectively monitored.

Description

A device and method for monitoring the vibration state of marine equipment based on an acceleration sensor

technical field

The invention relates to a ship equipment state monitoring technology, in particular to a ship equipment vibration state monitoring device and method based on an acceleration sensor.

Background technique

Ships are the key means of transportation for water transportation, and the normal operation of ships comes from the stable and efficient operation of ship equipment; due to the complex and changeable operating environment of ships, most ship equipment presents continuous, short-term high-power or repeated start and stop. Long-term working in such a state is likely to cause mechanical failures such as increased wear and tear of the bearings of auxiliary equipment and loose parts, which greatly reduces the service life of the equipment; when such mechanical failure occurs, an alarm signal should be sent to notify the work at the first time. personnel, so that the failure will not continue to deteriorate to reduce losses.

In recent years, with the rapid development of electronic information technology, electronic information technology has been widely used in the field of ship equipment condition monitoring. The ship equipment monitoring device uses the acceleration sensor to collect the raw data of the ship equipment, and the data is processed and analyzed by the single chip computer to judge the ship equipment. The normal vibration state and abnormal state of the equipment; when the monitored ship equipment is in an abnormal vibration state, the monitoring device sends an alarm signal to the upper computer or the upper-level communication module.

Traditional information monitoring usually arranges the crew to use a handheld vibrometer to perform periodic vibration detection on all ship equipment that needs to be monitored. However, the distribution of ship equipment is relatively scattered, and it takes a long time to complete a measurement. The on-site measurement results are equipment vibration acceleration or Speed, recorded in paper documents, lack of spectrum information, it is difficult to analyze equipment vibration problems in detail; at the same time, due to periodic monitoring, it is impossible to detect the occurrence of equipment failures at the first time, and there is also a lack of bus communication, Intelligent application functions such as monitoring data recording and man-machine interface.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an acceleration sensor-based sensor that can monitor the vibration state of the ship equipment in real time, accurately calculate the vibration intensity of the ship equipment, and issue an alarm signal in time, so as to avoid continuous deterioration after equipment failure and reduce economic losses. Device and method for monitoring the vibration state of ship equipment.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the device for monitoring the vibration state of marine equipment based on the acceleration sensor of the present invention includes an acceleration signal acquisition unit and a signal processing unit, and the acceleration signal acquisition unit includes an acceleration sensor for collecting acceleration information data of the marine equipment and an acceleration sensor. The acquisition end processor connected to the communication, the acceleration sensor module collects the acceleration data of the ship equipment, and outputs the original acceleration data to the acquisition end processor; the signal processing unit includes a processing end processor capable of receiving the data information output by the acceleration signal acquisition unit, and a The upper computer that the processing-end processor is communicatively connected to, the acquisition-end processor transmits the data to the processing-end processor, and then the processing-end processor receives the data, performs Fourier transform, and uploads the time-domain data and frequency-domain data to the computer at the same time. host computer.

The collection end processor is connected to a collection end power supply module, and the processing end processor is connected to a processing end power supply module.

The acquisition end processor adopts the STM32F103 module, and the processing end processor adopts the STM32F407 module. After the STM32F103 module receives the data, it performs trend item elimination processing, and then transmits the data to the STM32F407 module through the RS485 module.

The acceleration sensor is a three-axis acceleration sensor module, and the three-axis acceleration sensor module collects the three-axis acceleration data of the ship equipment, and transmits the original acceleration data to the STM32F103 module through the SPI interface.

The collection end processor and the processing end processor are connected by a shielded twisted pair.

A method for monitoring the vibration state of ship equipment based on an acceleration sensor, comprising the following steps:

A, when using for the first time, set the vibration intensity alarm threshold V _alarm of the monitored ship equipment through the host computer;

B. The acceleration sensor collects the raw vibration data of the ship equipment, and the acquisition-end processor removes the trend item from the raw acceleration data and sends the data to the processing-end processor;

C. The processor at the processing end adds a flat top window to the received data and performs 4096-point fast Fourier transform to obtain the uniaxial acceleration frequency domain amplitude spectrum AW ₁ ... AW _4096. Due to the symmetry after Fourier transform, only consider The first half of the acceleration amplitude spectrum;

Then the amplitude spectrum of the uniaxial velocity is:

W_i＝5.27×i

Wi = 5.27× _i

由此可得到速度时域信号；则振动烈度为

由此得到三轴振动烈度V_ARMS、V_BRMS、V_CRMS，则设备振动的评价量值为

From this, it can be obtained that the amplitude spectrum of the uniaxial vibration velocity in the sampling time is VW ₁ , VW ₂ , ... VM ₂₀₄₈ ; so the velocity time domain signal

From this, the velocity time domain signal can be obtained; then the vibration intensity is

Thus, the three-axis vibration intensity V _ARMS , V _BRMS , and V _CRMS are obtained, and the evaluation value of the equipment vibration is

Compare V _alarm with V _RMS , when it is greater than V _alarm , determine abnormal vibration;

D. The processor at the processing end sends the device tag number of the abnormal vibration to the upper computer.

The advantage of the present invention is that the three-axis acceleration data of the ship equipment is collected through the acceleration sensor, and the three-axis acceleration data is output to the STM32F103 module through the SPI interface. After the STM32F103 module receives the acceleration data, it performs de-trending processing and sends it to the STM32F407 via the RS485 communication module. Module, the STM32F407 module receives the data and performs fast Fourier transform, uploads the time domain data and frequency domain data to the host computer at the same time, and calculates the vibration intensity, and judges whether the equipment vibrates abnormally, and sends an alarm to the host computer after determining the abnormal vibration. Therefore, the purpose of monitoring the vibration state of ship equipment in real time is realized without affecting the operation of ship equipment, and at the same time, it provides acceleration time domain and frequency domain data upload, which is convenient for equipment failure analysis, and lays the foundation for equipment failure analysis in the future. It can also send an alarm signal at the first time when the detected equipment vibrates abnormally, which avoids the continuous deterioration after equipment failure, reduces economic losses, and can set different thresholds for different ship equipment to accurately calculate the vibration intensity of ship equipment. , the abnormal vibration recognition rate is high, and the vibration of ship equipment can be directly and effectively monitored.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the principle block diagram of the ship equipment vibration state monitoring device based on the acceleration sensor of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the scene schematic diagram of the ship equipment vibration state monitoring device based on the acceleration sensor of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the calculation of ship vibration intensity in the present invention.

Detailed ways

The device and method for monitoring the vibration state of marine equipment based on an acceleration sensor of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example 1:

As shown in the figure, the device for monitoring the vibration state of marine equipment based on an acceleration sensor of the present invention includes an acceleration signal acquisition unit and a signal processing unit. The acceleration signal acquisition unit includes a triaxial acceleration sensor for acquiring triaxial acceleration information data of marine equipment and The STM32F103 module that communicates with the acceleration sensor is connected to the STM32F103 module through a shielded twisted pair cable. The STM32F103 module is connected to a power supply module at the acquisition end. The model of the power supply module at the acquisition end is IB2405T-1WR2. The main function is for the STM32F103 module. Provides a stable 5V voltage, the STM32F103 module adopts the STM32F103 microcontroller, which has low power consumption and is suitable for use in industrial environments, and the three-axis acceleration sensor is used to collect the raw three-axis acceleration data of marine equipment (raw vibration data collection) , and output the original acceleration data to the STM32F103 module through the SPI interface; the signal processing unit includes the STM32F407 module that can receive the data information output by the acceleration signal acquisition unit and the upper computer that communicates with the STM32F407 module. The STM32F407 module is connected to a processing-side power supply module, The model of the processing power module is IB2405T-1WR2. Its main function is to provide a stable 5V voltage for the STM32F407 module. The STM32F103 module and the STM32F407 module are connected through a twisted pair with shielding layer. The module transmits data to the STM32F407 module, and the RS485 (communication) module provides communication support for STM32F103 and STMF407. The STM32F407 module receives the data and then performs fast Fourier transform and uploads the time domain data and frequency domain data to the host computer at the same time, which is convenient for later stages. Equipment failure analysis, and vibration intensity calculation at the same time, use the vibration intensity calculation algorithm to identify the current vibration state of the ship equipment (judging whether it is in an abnormal vibration state), and send an alarm to the upper computer or the upper communication module through the CAN module or RS485 module after the abnormal vibration state occurs. Therefore, the STM32F407 module communicates with the upper computer or the upper-level communication module through the CAN communication module or the RS485 communication module, and the vibration intensity calculation is completed through the STM32F407 module to determine whether it is in an abnormal vibration state, which is realized without affecting the normal operation of the ship equipment. Real-time vibration status monitoring of ship equipment.

Among them, the model of the three-axis accelerometer is ADcmXL3021, which is adsorbed on the surface of the device under test by a magnet, and outputs three-axis acceleration time-domain data. The sampling rate is 3438Hz, the resolution is 0.83Hz, the bandwidth is 1719Hz, and the number of acceleration time-domain data points is 4096. When in use, the acceleration signal acquisition unit is adsorbed on the surface of the ship equipment through the magnet, the preprocessed acceleration measurement value is obtained through the acceleration signal processing unit, and the corresponding algorithm is used to analyze the vibration state that you have been detected and converted. In the vibration state, the STM32F407 module will send a pre-alarm signal. After the alarm signal is sent, after the on-site inspection of the equipment has not occurred mechanical failure, the alarm threshold can be set separately through the host computer; as shown in Figure 2, the present invention uses the acceleration sensor by using the Three-axis measurement value, the corresponding algorithm is used to calculate the three-axis vibration velocity amplitude of the equipment, so as to calculate the vibration intensity of the ship equipment. When abnormal vibration occurs, the STM32F407 module can send an alarm signal, considering that there are no two identical ship equipment. , the alarm thresholds for different devices are also different and can be set separately.

Embodiment 2;

The method for monitoring the vibration state of ship equipment based on the acceleration sensor of the present invention comprises the following steps:

A. When using for the first time, set the vibration intensity alarm threshold V _alarm of the monitored ship equipment through the host computer, that is, set different alarm thresholds for different ship equipment;

B. The acceleration sensor collects the original vibration data of the ship equipment, and the STM32F103 module removes the trend item from the original acceleration data and sends the data to the STM32F407 module;

C. The STM32F407 module adds a flat top window to the received data and performs 4096-point fast Fourier transform to obtain the single-axis acceleration frequency domain amplitude spectrum AW ₁ ... AW _4096. Due to the symmetry of the Fourier transform, only the acceleration amplitude is considered The first half of the value spectrum;

Then the amplitude spectrum of the uniaxial velocity is:

W_i＝5.27×i

Wi = 5.27× _i

由此可得到速度时域信号；则振动烈度为

由此得到三轴振动烈度V_ARMS、V_BRMS、V_CRMS，则设备振动的评价量值为

From this, it can be obtained that the amplitude spectrum of the uniaxial vibration velocity in the sampling time is VW ₁ , VW ₂ , ... VW ₂₀₄₈ ; so the velocity time domain signal

From this, the velocity time domain signal can be obtained; then the vibration intensity is

Thus, the three-axis vibration intensity V _ARMS , V _BRMS , and V _CRMS are obtained, and the evaluation value of the equipment vibration is

Compare V _alarm with V _RMS , when it is greater than V _alarm , determine abnormal vibration;

in,

AW _i is the acceleration spectrum sequence.

VW _i is the velocity spectrum sequence.

v _i is the velocity time domain sequence.

V _ARMS is the X-axis vibration intensity.

V _BRMS is the Y-axis vibration intensity.

V _CRMS is the Z-axis vibration intensity.

V _RMS is the equipment vibration evaluation value.

V _alarm is the vibration intensity alarm threshold.

D. The STM32F407 module sends the device tag number of abnormal vibration to the upper computer.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a marine equipment vibration state monitoring devices based on acceleration sensor which characterized in that: the ship equipment acceleration acquisition system comprises an acceleration signal acquisition unit and a signal processing unit, wherein the acceleration signal acquisition unit comprises an acceleration sensor for acquiring acceleration information data of ship equipment and an acquisition end processor in communication connection with the acceleration sensor, and the acceleration sensor module acquires the acceleration data of the ship equipment and outputs original acceleration data to the acquisition end processor; the signal processing unit comprises a processing end processor and an upper computer, the processing end processor can receive data information output by the acceleration signal acquisition unit, the upper computer is in communication connection with the processing end processor, the acquisition end processor transmits the data to the processing end processor, the processing end processor receives the data and then performs Fourier transform on the data, and then the time domain data and the frequency domain data are uploaded to the upper computer simultaneously.

2. The acceleration-sensor-based vibration state monitoring apparatus for marine equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the acquisition end processor is connected with an acquisition end power module, and the processing end processor is connected with a processing end power module.

3. The acceleration-sensor-based vibration condition monitoring apparatus for marine equipment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the acquisition end processor adopts the STM32F103 module, the processing end processor adopts the STM32F407 module, remove trend item processing after the STM32F103 module receives data, and the rethread RS485 module transmits data to the STM32F407 module.

4. The acceleration-sensor-based vibration state monitoring apparatus for marine equipment according to claim 3, wherein: the acceleration sensor is a triaxial acceleration sensor module, the triaxial acceleration sensor module collects triaxial acceleration data of ship equipment, and transmits original acceleration data to the STM32F103 module through the SPI.

5. The acceleration-sensor-based vibration condition monitoring apparatus for marine equipment according to claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein: the acquisition end processor and the processing end processor are connected through a twisted pair with a shielding layer.

6. A ship equipment vibration state monitoring method based on an acceleration sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:

A. when the monitoring device is used for the first time, the vibration intensity alarm threshold V of the monitored ship equipment is set through the upper computer_alarm；

B. The method comprises the steps that an acceleration sensor collects original vibration data of ship equipment, and a collection end processor carries out trend item elimination processing on the original acceleration data and then sends the data to a processing end processor;

C. the processor at the processing end adds the flat top window to the received data and then carries out 4096-point fast Fourier transform to obtain single-axis accelerationAmplitude spectrum AW of degree frequency domain₁…AW₄₀₉₆Due to the symmetry after Fourier transform, only the first half of the acceleration amplitude spectrum is considered;

then the amplitude spectrum of the uniaxial velocity is:

therefore, the amplitude spectrum of the uniaxial vibration speed within the sampling time is VW₁，VW₂，…VW₂₀₄₈(ii) a So that the velocity time domain signal

Thereby obtaining a speed time domain signal; the vibration intensity is

Thus obtaining the three-axis vibration intensity V_ARMS、V_BRMS、V_CRMSThen the evaluation value of the vibration of the equipment is

Will V_alarmAnd V_RMSBy comparison, when greater than V_alarmJudging abnormal vibration;

D. and the processing end processor sends the abnormal vibration equipment bit number to the upper computer.

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