CN111357807A - An ozone-based postharvest insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment method for plant products - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of postharvest treatment of plant products, in particular to an ozone-based postharvest insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment method for the plant products. The method adopts a composite treatment method of combining ozone with an ice water mixture or water at 0 ℃ to carry out post-harvest treatment on the plant product, can effectively control bacterial and fungal pollution, can generate a synergistic effect by the ozone and the ice water mixture or the water at 0 ℃, further plays an excellent insecticidal role, and can well ensure that the quality of the plant product is not influenced in the treatment process. The postharvest treatment method provided by the invention can effectively prevent plant products from rotting and mildewing, prolongs the shelf life of fruits, and has higher application value in postharvest treatment and export quarantine of the plant products such as fruits and vegetables.

Description

An ozone-based postharvest insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment method for plant products

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of postharvest treatment of plant products, in particular to an ozone-based postharvest insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment method for plant products.

Background technique

With the improvement of people's living standards, fruits, vegetables and other plant products have become the necessities of people's lives. However, plant products such as fruits and vegetables are rich in a variety of nutrients and are therefore highly susceptible to post-harvest infections by bacteria, fungi and insects, which not only cause severe post-harvest losses, but may also lead to food safety issues.

Traditional fresh-keeping technology mainly relies on chemical agents, but as the concept of green and organic is gradually gaining popularity, consumers are more inclined to choose products that have not been treated with chemical agents. Therefore, green and safe post-harvest treatment technology has become a current research hotspot. .

In recent years, with the continuous research on new physical treatment technologies such as heat treatment, modified atmosphere treatment, high-voltage electrostatic field treatment, ozone, room temperature plasma, and new biotechnologies such as plant essential oils, biological enzymes, and polysaccharides, it has been shown that its anti-corrosion, bacteriostatic, It has a certain effect on insecticidal and fresh-keeping.

In terms of ozone treatment, the current ozone treatment mainly includes ozone gas fumigation treatment, ozone water treatment, and ozone ice treatment. Studies have shown that the above three treatment methods can inhibit the rot and mildew of fruits and vegetables to a certain extent and improve the storage quality of fruits and vegetables under the appropriate concentration range. However, these ozone treatment technologies have poor killing effect on economic insects such as fruit flies and fruit flies, and can only be used as an auxiliary fresh-keeping technology.

The season of harvesting and packaging of plant products such as fruits and vegetables is also the season of high incidence of economical insects such as fruit flies and fruit flies that harm fruits and vegetables. biological infestation. Since flies generally cause local discoloration, softening or rot, etc. of fruits and vegetables after hatching, it is easier to select them in the processing and packaging process, while fruits and vegetables infected by eggs of fly pests are difficult to distinguish from normal fruits and vegetables. Therefore, In addition to antiseptic, bacteriostatic, and fresh-keeping, fruit and vegetable products and other plant products also need to kill fruit flies, fruit flies and other eggs after harvesting. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a postharvest treatment technology with excellent killing effect on eggs of pests such as fruit flies and fruit flies.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an ozone-based postharvest insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment method for plant products.

The present invention conducts a large number of researches on the postharvest treatment methods of plant products, and finds that the postharvest treatment of fruit, vegetables and other plant products by the combined treatment method of ozone combined with ice-water mixture or 0°C water can not only effectively exert antibacterial and fresh-keeping effects , to prevent the rot and mildew of plant products, and the mixture of ozone and ice water or 0 ℃ water can also produce a synergistic effect, and then play an excellent insecticidal effect. At the same time, the composite treatment method can also well ensure the quality of plant products. .

The technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

In one aspect, the present invention provides an insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment agent, the treatment agent includes treatment agent I and treatment agent II; the treatment agent I includes a gas, and the gas includes ozone or ozone-air mixed gas; the treatment Agent II contains one selected from a mixture of 0°C water and ice water.

In order to ensure the insecticidal and bacteriostatic effect, the above-mentioned treatment agent I and treatment agent II should be packaged separately, and then mixed during the insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment.

The ice-water mixture in the present invention is ice-water at 0° C. under 1 standard atmospheric pressure, that is, a mixture of liquid water and solid water (ice), which is a two-phase mixture.

In the treating agent of the present invention, the absolute contents of treating agent I and treating agent II are not limited, and can be adjusted according to actual needs.

When carrying out insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment, the ratio of ozone to 0°C water or ice-water mixture can be controlled within a certain range, so that the two can better play a synergistic effect.

Specifically, during the insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment, the treatment agent I is continuously passed into the treatment agent II at a rate of (1-2) L/min/L of the treatment agent II.

In the present invention, ozone can be provided in the form of pure ozone or in the form of ozone-air mixed gas. When ozone is provided in the form of ozone-air mixed gas, controlling the content of ozone within a certain range is more conducive to improving the insecticidal and bacteriostatic effect.

When the ozone-air mixed gas is used, the content of ozone in the ozone-air mixed gas is 50-150 g/m ³ .

The present invention provides the application of the insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment agent in killing insects and/or microorganisms.

The insects described in the present invention are preferably flies, which can be fruit flies or fruit flies, including but not limited to fruit fly, fruit fly citrus, fruit fly guava, fruit fly medfly, fruit fly melanogaster, fruit fly zebra, etc. . The insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment agent of the present invention has an efficient killing effect on fly eggs, and the insects are more preferably fly eggs.

The microorganisms described in the present invention can be bacteria, fungi or viruses, including but not limited to Penicillium, black mold, Aspergillus and other microorganisms that can infect plant products and cause them to rot and mold.

In another aspect, the present invention provides an ozone-based postharvest insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment method for plant products, comprising: treating plant products to be treated with a mixture of 0°C water or ice-water continuously fed with gas; the gas contains ozone or ozone air mixture.

The above method can be carried out using the insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment agent of the present invention. Wherein, the gas corresponds to the treatment agent I, and the 0° C. water or ice-water mixture corresponds to the treatment agent II.

In the treatment method of the present invention, the treatment is soaking treatment, in order to better ensure the synergistic effect of ozone and 0°C water or ice-water mixture, during the treatment process, the temperature of the treatment system is maintained at 0°C.

During the antibacterial and insecticidal treatment, the proportion of ozone passing into the 0°C water or the ice-water mixture is controlled within a certain range, so that the two can better play a synergistic effect.

Specifically, the gas was continuously fed at a speed of (1-2) L/min/L ice-water mixture or 0°C water.

Controlling the bubble diameter of the gas can make ozone fully mixed with 0°C water or ice-water mixture in the form of tiny bubbles, and better cooperate with 0°C water or ice-water mixture to play an insecticidal function. The gas is preferably introduced in the form of bubbles with a diameter of less than 1 to 4 mm.

The above-mentioned bubbles with a diameter of less than 1-4 mm can be realized by passing the gas through a flow divider with a diameter of 1-4 mm.

When ozone is provided in the form of ozone-air mixed gas, controlling the content of ozone within a certain range is more conducive to improving the insecticidal and bacteriostatic effect. Specifically, in the ozone-air mixed gas, the content of the ozone is 50-150 g/m ³ .

In the above treatment method, the treatment time for the plant product is 30-120 min. The specific treatment time of plant products can be adjusted within the above range or appropriately extended or shortened according to the requirements for the effect of insecticidal and bacteriostatic.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the treatment method includes: using a high-concentration ozone generator to generate an ozone-air mixed gas with a concentration of 100 g/m ³ , and passing through a 2mm-diameter shunt at a flow rate of 1 L/min/L ice-water mixture The plant product to be treated is immersed in the ice-water mixture in the form of dense bubbles with a diameter of less than 2 mm, and the above-mentioned ice-water mixture continuously introduced into the ozone-air mixed gas is used to soak the plant product to be treated, and the treatment time is 30 to 90 minutes; during the treatment process The temperature of the treatment system was maintained at 0°C.

The invention provides the application of the postharvest insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment method for plant products in killing insects and/or microorganisms.

The insects described in the present invention are preferably flies, which can be fruit flies or fruit flies, including but not limited to fruit fly, fruit fly citrus, fruit fly guava, fruit fly medfly, fruit fly melanogaster, fruit fly zebra, etc. . The postharvest insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment method for plant products of the present invention has an efficient killing effect on fly eggs, and the insects are more preferably fly eggs.

The plant products described in the present invention can be fruits, vegetables and the like. Among them, fruits include but are not limited to oranges, apples, pears, peaches, oranges, strawberries, plums, apricots, hawthorns, dates, sour dates, pineapples, guava and the like. Vegetables include, but are not limited to, lettuce, celery, carrots, cabbage, eggplants, tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, zucchini, wax gourd, curd, lentils, peas, green beans, cowpeas, broad beans, leeks, green onions, garlic, and the like.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a novel postharvest treatment method for plant products, which adopts the combined treatment method of ozone combined with ice-water mixture or 0°C water for postharvest treatment of plant products, which can not only effectively control bacterial and fungal contamination , and the mixture of ozone and ice water or 0 ℃ water can also produce a synergistic effect (the synergy coefficient of the mixture of ozone and ice water is 2.48), and then play an excellent insecticidal effect. To ensure that the quality of plant products is not affected. The post-harvest treatment method provided by the invention can effectively prevent the rot and mildew of plant products, prolong the shelf life of fruits, and has high application value in the post-harvest treatment and export quarantine of plant products such as fruits and vegetables.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a graph showing the effect of postharvest treatment method on citrus preservation in Experimental Example 3 of the present invention; wherein, the four on the left are the citrus treated by the postharvest treatment method of Example 1, and the four on the right are untreated citrus.

Detailed ways

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the examples. It should be understood that the following examples are given for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and substitutions to the present invention without departing from the spirit and spirit of the present invention.

The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.

Embodiment 1 Postharvest insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment method for plant products (1)

The present embodiment provides an ozone-based postharvest insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment method for plant products, which is specifically as follows:

A high-concentration ozone generator is used to generate an ozone-air mixture with a concentration of 100 g/m ³ , and a flow rate of 10 L/min passes through a diverter with a diameter of 2 mm, in the form of dense bubbles with a diameter of less than 2 mm, into a pre-filled gas with a diameter of 15 cm. In a cylindrical container with 10L ice-water mixture, pre-equilibrate for 10min; put the plant product to be treated into the cylindrical container for immersion treatment for 30min, 60min and 90min respectively; during the treatment process, the flow rate of the ice-water mixture is 1L/min/L The above-mentioned ozone-air mixture gas was continuously passed in, and at the same time, the temperature of the treatment system was maintained at 0°C by continuously adding ice.

Comparative Example 1

This comparative example provides a postharvest treatment method for plant products, which is as follows: put the plant product to be treated into a cylindrical container with a diameter of 15cm and pre-filled with 10L of ice-water mixture, soak for 30min, 60min and 90min respectively, and after the treatment The temperature of the treatment system was maintained at 0°C by continuous addition of ice during the process.

Comparative Example 2

This comparative example provides a post-harvest treatment method for plant products, as follows:

A high-concentration ozone generator is used to generate an ozone-air mixture with a concentration of 100g/m ³ , and at a flow rate of 10L/min, through a diverter with a diameter of 2mm, in the form of dense air bubbles with a diameter of less than 2mm, it is continuously fed into a gas with a diameter of 15cm. In a cylindrical container prefilled with 10L, 25°C water, pre-equilibrate for 10min; put the plant products to be treated into the cylindrical container for immersion treatment for 30min, 60min and 90min respectively, during the treatment process at 1L/min/L 25°C The flow rate of water is continuously fed into the above-mentioned ozone-air mixture.

Experimental Example 1 The killing effect of the postharvest treatment method of plant products on B. citrifolia eggs

The citrus was put into the artificial breeding box of B. citricarpa, and after being naturally infected for 1 hour, the citrus was treated with the postharvest treatment methods of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 respectively. Cultivated for 7 days, by checking the number of larvae of B. citrifolia, and compared with the untreated group (without any postharvest treatment, directly cultivated at 25 ° C for 7 days, there were 152 ± 37 larvae of B. citrifolia after testing) By comparison, the mortality of fruit fly eggs after treatment was obtained. Each experiment was independently repeated three times.

Table 1 Killing effects of different postharvest treatments on B. citrifolia eggs in citrus

The results are shown in Table 1. Although the ice-water mixture or ozone 25 ℃ water treatment alone has a certain killing effect on fruit fly eggs, the killing effect is poor and cannot achieve 100% killing; The combined treatment of ozone has obvious synergistic effect, and the synergistic coefficient reaches 2.48, and the combined treatment of the two can completely kill fruit fly eggs for 60 minutes.

Experimental Example 2 Effects of postharvest treatment methods of plant products on fruit quality

The citrus was treated for 60 min and 90 min with the post-harvest treatment method of plant products in Example 1, and the citrus was refrigerated at 5°C for 3 weeks after treatment to determine the quality of citrus and the condition of microorganisms on the surface of citrus.

The results are shown in Table 2. The results show that, compared with the control group without post-harvest treatment, the citrus processed by the post-harvest treatment method of Example 1 has no significant difference in quality indicators such as color, sugar content, acidity, and hardness. The postharvest treatment method of Example 1 had no significant effect on the quality of citrus.

Table 2 Effects of different postharvest treatments on postharvest quality of citrus

Treatment group Color L color a color b Brix acidity hardness control group 60.49±0.39 31.99±0.69 63.20±0.46 13.09±0.44 1.05±0.07 5.03±0.81 Example 1-60min 60.39±0.71 29.60±1.21 62.81±0.92 13.07±0.34 1.20±0.11 5.84±0.91 Example 1-90min 60.70±0.65 30.47±1.14 63.18±0.79 13.16±0.57 1.14±0.13 5.57±0.76

Experimental Example 3 The effect of postharvest treatment of plant products on fruit preservation

The citrus was treated with the postharvest treatment method of Example 1 for 60 min, refrigerated at 5°C for 3 weeks after treatment, and then returned to 25°C for 3 days. The citrus without postharvest treatment was used as a control. The preservation of citrus is shown in Figure 1. The results show that the surface of the untreated citrus is obviously rotten and mildewed, while the citrus treated by the method of Example 1 has no rot and mildew. The results show that the postharvest treatment method of Example 1 can significantly reduce the rot and mildew of the fruit, and has a better fresh-keeping effect.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made. These improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment agent, characterized in that the treatment agent comprises a treatment agent I and a treatment agent II; the treatment agent I comprises a gas, and the gas comprises ozone or an ozone-air mixed gas; the treatment Agent II contains one selected from a mixture of 0°C water and ice water. 2 . The treatment agent according to claim 1 , wherein when carrying out the insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment, the treatment agent I continues to flow into the room at a speed of (1-2) L/min/L treatment agent II. 3 . in the treatment agent II. 3 . The treatment agent according to claim 1 , wherein, in the ozone-air mixed gas, the content of the ozone is 50 to 150 g/m ³ . 4. Application of the treatment agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in killing insects and/or microorganisms; Preferably, the insect is a fly; more preferably a fly egg. 5. An ozone-based postharvest insecticidal and bacteriostatic treatment method for plant products, comprising: adopting 0° C. water or an ice-water mixture that is continuously fed into a gas to process the plant product to be treated, the gas comprising ozone or Ozone air mixture. 6 . The method according to claim 5 , wherein the treatment is a soaking treatment, and during the treatment, the temperature of the treatment system is maintained at 0° C. 7 . 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the gas is continuously introduced into the gas at a speed of (1-2) L/min/L ice-water mixture or 0°C water. 8 . The method according to claim 7 , wherein the gas is introduced in the form of bubbles with a diameter of less than 1-4 mm. 9 . 9 . The method according to claim 5 , wherein, in the ozone-air mixed gas, the content of ozone is 50-150 g/m ³ . 10 . The method according to claim 5 , wherein the processing time is 30 to 120 min. 11 .

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