CN111326855A - An ultra-wide-angle scanning octagonal patch antenna based on FSS structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application discloses an ultra-wide-angle scanning octagonal patch antenna based on an FSS structure, on which a plurality of patch units are periodically arranged, and the patch unit includes an FSS structure unit and an octagonal patch unit arranged in sequence up and down , the octagonal patch unit includes: a two-layer printed board antenna layer and a metal base plate. The lower printed board antenna layer is provided with a metal printed board at the right edge, and the upper printed board antenna layer is provided with two octagonal patches; One end of the ground metallized row hole is located in the middle of the metal printed board, and the other end is located on the metal bottom plate to change the mutual coupling phase between adjacent SMD units; the feed metallized through hole is located on the left side of the metal printed board. The middle position, feeds the connected octagonal patch; the shorting metallized via is located to the left of the feed metallized via, shorting the connected octagonal patch to the metal backplane. Through the technical solutions in the present application, a patch antenna with ultra-wide angle scanning characteristics is realized, the wide bandwidth angle scanning characteristics are good, and the profile is low.

Description

An ultra-wide-angle scanning octagonal patch antenna based on FSS structure

technical field

The present application relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular, to an ultra-wide-angle scanning octagonal patch antenna based on an FSS structure.

Background technique

With the development of electronic technology, there are more and more various types of radio frequency systems, but in general, each radio frequency system operates independently, which makes the number of antennas on the platform in the radio frequency system more and more, and all kinds of open air lines greatly increase the number of radars on the platform. The reflection cross-sectional area of the platform reduces the stealth performance of the platform. In addition, various types of sensors are fighting each other and lack a high degree of integration, which increases the electromagnetic interference between various devices, making it difficult for each system to maximize its performance. Therefore, higher requirements are placed on the radar detection system, and the problem of ultra-wide bandwidth scanning angle has become a bottleneck in the development of modern radar fronts.

For the antenna front system, its basic function is to realize the transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves. At the same time, it is also considered as a spatial filter for the amplitude, phase, frequency and polarization characteristics of electromagnetic waves. In order to meet the requirements of low profile, light and thin radars, the research on antenna radiating elements with broadband, wide angle and excellent scanning performance has been paid more and more attention. The quality of its performance will directly affect the information processing capability of the radar, especially Phased array antenna with wide scan angle and ultra-wideband.

For the electronically scanned phased array radar composed of phased array antennas, since the orientation of the front and the position of the carrier platform have been fixed, the optimal scanning range is only within the range of ±60° of the normal direction of the unit, which limits the plane phased array. The spatial search area of the array antenna. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the coverage area of the phased array antenna beam, which will greatly promote the expansion of the phased array antenna to explore the airspace, reduce the detection blind area, and timely detect or avoid the enemy.

In the prior art, common phased array antennas mainly include printed dipole antennas, patch antennas, slotted gradient line antennas, and the like. These antennas have certain broadband and wide-angle scanning capabilities, which can meet the scanning index requirements of ±60°. However, with the further expansion of the scanning angle θ, since the scanning impedance transformation of the E surface is proportional to cosθ, and the scanning impedance transformation of the H surface is proportional to 1 /cosθ, there is often a problem of large return loss caused by impedance mismatch.

In the design, it is necessary to take corresponding measures, such as loading inductive or capacitive devices to adjust the matching of the antenna to achieve the matching during ultra-wide angle scanning, but this method will increase the loss and be very complicated to implement. In a word, the existing phased array antenna has a major technical difficulty: when scanning at a large angle, the matching between the antenna and the free space becomes poor, resulting in a large loss, which is difficult to meet the increasing system requirements.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present application is to realize a patch antenna with ultra-wide angle scanning characteristics, good wide bandwidth angle scanning characteristics, simple feeding structure, low profile, and good matching with free space when scanning at large angles.

The technical solution of the present application is to provide an ultra-wide-angle scanning octagonal patch antenna based on an FSS structure, wherein a plurality of patch units are periodically arranged on the patch antenna, and the patch units include FSS structures arranged up and down sequentially Unit and octagonal patch unit, octagonal patch unit, including: PCB antenna layer, ground metallized row hole, feed metallized through hole, short metallized through hole and metal base plate; two-layer PCB antenna The layers and the metal base plate are arranged in order from top to bottom, a metal printed board is arranged at the right edge of the antenna layer of the lower printed board, and two octagonal patches are arranged on the antenna layer of the upper printed board, and are located on the side of the metal printed board. Left side; one end of the ground metallized hole is located in the middle of the metal printed board, the other end of the grounded metallized hole is located on the metal base plate, and the grounded metallized hole is used to change the mutual coupling phase between adjacent SMD units ; The feeding metallized through hole is located in the middle position on the left side of the metal printed board, the feeding metallized through hole is connected to the first octagonal patch and the metal base plate, and the feeding metallized through hole is used for the first octagonal patch Chip feed; the short-circuit metallized via is located on the left side of the feed metallized via, the short-circuit metallized via is connected to the second octagonal patch and the metal base plate, and the short-circuited metallized via is used to connect the second octagonal Sheet and metal backplane are shorted.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, the diameter of the feed metallized through hole is equal to the diameter of the short-circuit metallized through hole, and the center-to-center distance between the feed metallized through hole and the short-circuit metallized through hole is 0.04λ to 0.06 λ, where λ is the operating wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the patch antenna.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, the octagonal patch is a regular octagon, the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the octagonal patch is 0.14λ to 0.18λ, and the first octagonal patch is adjacent to the other in the horizontal direction. The feed position gap between the second octagonal patches of the patch unit is 0.01λ.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, the gap between two adjacent rows of holes in the ground metallization row holes is 0.025λ to 0.03λ.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, the metal base plate further includes an anti-short-circuit through hole, and the anti-short-circuit through hole is located outside the feeding metallized through hole, and the octagonal patch unit further includes: an electrical connector; an electrical connection The connector is installed in the short-circuit proof through hole, and the probe of the electrical connector extends into and is soldered into the feeding metallized through hole.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, the spacing between the plurality of patch units is equal, and the value of the spacing is 0.4λ, where λ is the operating wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the patch antenna.

In any of the above-mentioned technical solutions, further, the FSS structural unit is a laminated structure, which sequentially includes an upper FSS printed board layer, a middle layer of support foam, a middle FSS printed board layer and a lower support foam layer, and the upper layer of the FSS printed board layer. It has a symmetrical structure with the middle FSS printed board layer, a square patch is printed above the upper FSS printed board layer, and a rectangular patch is printed below the upper FSS printed board layer.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, the side length of the square patch is 0.1λ to 0.14λ, the number of square patches is four, and the centerline spacing of two adjacent square patches is the distance between the patch units. 1/2 of the distance between them.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, the number of rectangular patches is three, and the rectangular patches are equally spaced from left to right, and the spacing between two adjacent rectangular patches is equal to the spacing between the patch units. 1/3.

The beneficial effects of this application are:

In the technical solution of the present application, two octagonal patches are arranged on the patch unit to cooperate with the feeding metallized vias, the short-circuit metallized vias and the ground metallized row holes for changing mutual coupling, so as to achieve effective excitation. , Use short-circuit metallized vias and grounded metallized row holes to suppress periodic common-mode resonance caused by unbalanced feeding. And by setting a symmetrical FSS structure, to ensure that the patch antenna has ultra-wide-angle scanning characteristics.

Compared with conventional vibrator antennas, slot line antennas, etc., the patch antenna in this application has the advantage of low profile, realizes a light and thin front structure, and is suitable for the design of light and thin front system architecture, and can be formed by lamination of printed boards. High processing precision, good consistency, light weight, easy to integrate with monitoring network design, suitable for integrated front system architecture design; in addition, the antenna has relatively wide bandwidth, and ultra-wide-angle scanning characteristics can be achieved by loading the FSS structure.

The technical solution in the present application adopts the form of octagonal patches and utilizes the coupling capacitance between the octagonal patches to suppress the inductance component brought by the grounding of the antenna, thereby realizing the expansion of the low frequency bandwidth. In addition, by feeding metallized vias, short-circuit metallized vias, and grounded metallized holes between elements along the E-plane of the antenna, the common-mode resonance caused by unbalanced feeding can be effectively suppressed, thereby broadening the high-frequency bandwidth; The antenna array will have susceptance changes during scanning. The larger the scanning angle, the worse the matching will be. To solve this problem, a FSS wide-angle matching layer is loaded on the antenna to achieve good matching during ultra-wide-angle scanning.

Description of drawings

The advantages of the above and/or additional aspects of the present application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

1 is a schematic diagram of an ultra-wide-angle scanning octagonal patch antenna based on an FSS structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

2 is a schematic diagram of an octagonal antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

3 is a schematic diagram of an FSS unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

4 is a normal standing wave curve of a patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a scanning standing wave curve of a patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

In order to more clearly understand the above objects, features and advantages of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other unless there is conflict.

In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application is not subject to the following disclosure. Restrictions to specific embodiments.

The present embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 .

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , this embodiment implements an ultra-wide-angle scanning octagonal patch antenna based on the FSS structure. A plurality of patch units are periodically arranged on the patch antenna. The set FSS structure unit and the octagonal patch unit, the octagonal patch unit includes: a printed board antenna layer 1, a ground metallized row hole 6, a feeding metallized through hole 4, a short-circuit metallized through hole 5 and a metallized through hole 5 bottom plate 7;

The two-layer printed board antenna layer 1 (in turn divided into the upper printed board antenna layer and the lower printed board antenna layer) and the metal base plate 7 are arranged from top to bottom in order, and the copper-clad metal printed on the right edge of the lower printed board antenna layer. The circuit board (it can be understood that copper is printed in the middle of the two-layer printed board) to form a metal printed board 9, the metal printed board 9 is in contact with the antenna layers of the upper and lower printed boards, and is connected with the ground metallized row holes 6. The metal base plate 7 is connected. Two octagonal patches 10 are arranged on the upper printed board antenna layer, and are located on the left side of the metal printed board 9; the thickness of the two-layer printed board antenna layer 1 is 0.1λ to 0.15λ.

Further, the octagonal patch 10 is a regular octagon, and the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the octagonal patch 10 is 0.14λ to 0.18λ. The feed position gap between the octagonal patches is 0.01λ.

Specifically, the printed board antenna layer 1 in this embodiment is divided into upper and lower layers, the thickness of the upper printed board antenna layer is smaller than that of the lower printed board antenna layer, and the metal printed pattern on the surface of the upper printed board antenna layer is selected The octagonal form adopts the octagonal form, because its resistance value changes relatively smoothly under the condition of broadband change, and it is easy to realize broadband impedance matching.

At the same time, a plurality of patch units are periodically arranged on the patch antenna. By printing the metal pattern on the surface of the antenna layer of the upper printed board, the first octagonal patch and the second patch between two adjacent patch units can also be used. The gap between the two octagonal patches, that is, the gap a between the first octagonal patch and the edge line of one patch unit in FIG. 2 and the second octagonal patch and the edge line of another adjacent patch unit The sum value between the gaps b is 0.01λ, which generates mutual coupling capacitance, compensates the inductive component brought by the metal base plate 7, and further expands the bandwidth.

In order to meet the wide-band and wide-angle scanning performance of the antenna, the electromagnetic field numerical algorithm is combined with the simulation technology to achieve the purpose of improving the antenna radiation characteristics and S-parameters by optimizing the design and performance comparison. In the design optimization stage, the cell spacing is a fixed parameter, focusing on adjusting the height of the antenna, the size of the octagonal patch and the gap between the patches, applying the genetic algorithm, combining matlab and HFSS to optimize the corresponding size for multiple generations to obtain the optimal untie.

The feeding metallized through hole 4 is located in the middle position of the left side of the metal printed board 9. Both ends of the feeding metallized through hole 4 are connected to the first octagonal patch and the metal base plate 7. The feeding metallized through hole 4 is used for In order to feed the first octagonal patch, the feeding metallized through hole 4 is a through hole, which runs through the upper and lower printed board antenna layers, and its upper end is connected to the upper printed board antenna layer surface metal printed pattern. The lower end of the first octagonal patch is located above the metal base plate 7, and the metal base plate 7 is also provided with an anti-short-circuit through hole concentric with the feeding metallized through hole 4;

The short-circuit metallization through hole 5 is located on the left side of the feed metallization through-hole 4, the short-circuit metallization through hole 5 is connected to the second octagonal patch and the metal base plate 7, and the short-circuit metallization through hole 5 is used to connect the second octagonal The patch and the metal base plate 7 are short-circuited, wherein the short-circuit metallized through hole 5 is also a through hole, and its upper end is connected to the second octagonal patch in the surface metal printed pattern of the antenna layer of the upper printed board, and its lower end is connected to the metal base plate. 7 above.

Further, the diameter of the feed metallization through hole 4 is equal to the diameter of the short-circuit metallization through hole 5, which is 0.025λ to 0.03λ, and the center-to-center distance between the feeder metallization through hole 4 and the short-circuit metallization through hole 5 is 0.04 λ to 0.06λ, where λ is the operating wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the patch antenna.

Specifically, in this embodiment, in terms of the feeding method, a feeding form combining the feeding metallized through hole 4 and the short-circuit metallized through hole 5 is selected, and this structure is easy to realize. An anti-short-circuit through hole is arranged on the metal base plate 7, and the anti-short-circuit through hole is located outside the feeding metallized through-hole 4, and the electrical connector 8 for supplying power to the octagonal SMD unit is installed in the anti-short-circuit through hole, so as to avoid contact with the metallized through hole 4. The metal base plate 7 is in contact with a conventional electrical connector. The probe of the electrical connector 8 is inserted into and welded into the feeding metallized through hole 4 and communicated with the metal patch 10. The electrical connector 8 is used as a The chip unit provides the required excitation, and the model of the electrical connector 8 is a BMA-JFD94G-T type radio frequency connector. The probes of the electrical connector 8, which protrude from the feed metallized through holes 4, are attached to the surface of the first octagonal patch.

The ground metallized hole 6 is a through hole, which is arranged on the right side of the antenna layer of the lower printed board and penetrates through the antenna layer of the lower printed board. The other end of the metallized row hole 6 is located on the metal base plate 7 (that is, the grounded metallized row hole 6 connects the metal printed board 9 with the metal base plate 7), and the grounded metallized row hole 6 is used to change the adjacent patch unit. The mutual coupling effect between the two, wherein the length of the long side of the metal printed board 9 is equal to the width of the patch unit, which is the antenna unit spacing of 0.4λ, and the length of the short side is 0.03λ to 0.04λ;

However, considering this unbalanced feeding form, on the basis of providing differential mode current, common mode current will also be generated, which will cause common mode resonance in periodically arranged patch units. Therefore, on the right side of the patch unit, a metal printed board 9 is arranged, and the ground metallized row holes 6 are used to ensure a good grounding effect of the metal printed board 9, suppress common mode resonance, and ensure that there is no matching singular point in the required frequency band .

Further, the gap between two adjacent rows of holes in the ground metallization row holes 6, that is, the gap between adjacent units, is 0.025λ to 0.03λ, wherein the ground metallization row holes 6 are continuously distributed along the H surface of the antenna. The height is 0.08λ to 0.12λ, and the H plane is the plane perpendicular to the direction of the antenna electric field.

This embodiment shows an implementation of an FSS structural unit. The FSS structural unit is a stacked structure, which sequentially includes an upper FSS printed board layer 31 , a middle support foam layer 21 , a middle FSS printed board layer 32 and a lower support foam layer 22 , The upper FSS printed board layer 31 and the middle FSS printed board layer 32 are symmetrical structures, the square patch 11 is printed above the upper FSS printed board layer 31, and the rectangular patch is printed below the upper FSS printed board layer 31. Sheet 12. The FSS printed board layer is supported by two sheets with a thickness of 1.016mm, the thickness of the middle support foam layer 21 is 0.01λ to 0.05λ, and the thickness of the lower support foam layer 22 is 0.07λ to 0.11λ.

Specifically, as shown in Figure 3, for a conventional phased array antenna, when scanning to a large angle, the susceptance change will increase, which makes it difficult to achieve a good matching effect. In order to achieve an ultra-wide-angle scanning characteristic of ±85° , In this embodiment, the FSS printed board layer with the upper and lower layers is selected as the wide-angle matching layer, which effectively realizes ultra-wide-angle scanning matching. The upper FSS printed board layer 31 and the middle FSS printed board layer 32 are mirror-symmetrical structures, and the upper FSS printed board layer 31 is described as an example.

As mentioned above, four square patches 11 are printed on the upper layer of the upper FSS printed board layer 31, and three rectangular patches 12 are printed on the lower layer. Through such a structural design, ultra-wide-angle scanning can be realized. characteristic.

Further, the side length of the square patches 11 on the upper layer of the upper FSS printed board layer 31 is 0.1λ to 0.14λ, the number of the square patches 11 is four, and the centerline spacing of two adjacent square patches 11 is 1/2 of the spacing between patch units. The number of rectangular patches 12 under the upper FSS printed board layer 31 is three, the rectangular patches 12 are equally spaced along the antenna E surface (from left to right), and the distance between two adjacent rectangular patches 12 is 1/3 of the spacing between chip units, where the antenna E surface is the surface parallel to the direction of the electric field, that is, the surface perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the ground metallization holes 6, and the length of the rectangular patch 12 is the same as that of the upper FSS. The widths of the printed board layers 31 are equal, and the width of the rectangular patch 12 is 0.02λ to 0.04λ.

In order to verify the patch antenna in this embodiment, a corresponding patch antenna is fabricated, and the corresponding structural parameters are as follows:

The total thickness of the FSS structural unit and the octagonal patch unit is 9.87mm, and the unit spacing of the patch unit is 11.5mm×11.5mm. The prepreg of mm is laminated, and the material of the printed board antenna layer is ROGERS6002. The thicknesses of the two supporting foam layers are 1mm and 2.8mm, respectively. The FSS printed board layer is made of ROGERS5880, and the thickness of both layers is 1.016mm.

In the octagonal patch unit part, the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the octagonal radiation patch 10 is 5.07mm, the gap between the feeding positions of the two octagonal radiation patches 10 is 0.37mm, and the distance between adjacent units is 0.9mm; The diameter of the feeding metallized through hole 4 and the short-circuit metallized through hole 5 are the same, both are 0.9mm, and the distance between the centers of the two is 1.57mm. A short-circuit proof through hole with a diameter of 1.6mm is provided; the diameter of the ground metallized row hole 6 is 0.4mm, and the height is the same as the height of the antenna layer of the lower PCB, which is 3.175mm, and the metal PCB 9 is continuously distributed along the H surface of the antenna. , the width is 1.2mm.

For the FSS structural unit structure, the two layers of the FSS printed board are in a mirror-symmetrical relationship, and the square patches (metal pattern) 11 and the rectangular patches (metal pattern) 12 are arranged periodically, wherein the side length of the square patch 11 is 3.8mm, the distance between the center positions of adjacent square patches 11 is 5.75mm; the rectangular patches 12 are equally distributed along one-third of the cell spacing on the E surface, continuous along the H surface, and have a width of 0.97mm.

The octagonal patch antenna in this embodiment can be applied to the X-band (the specific range is 8-12 GHz). A plurality of patch units are periodically arranged on the patch antenna, and the patch units are mainly divided into the following eight The angular patch unit and the FSS structure loaded above, wherein the octagonal patch unit mainly includes two octagonal radiating patches, feed metallization vias 4, short-circuit metallization vias 5 and ground metallization for changing mutual coupling Row 6, by soldering the electrical connector 8 probes to the feeding metallized vias 4, to achieve effective excitation, using short-circuit metallized vias 5 and grounded metallized row holes 6 to suppress cycles caused by unbalanced feeding The FSS structure adopts two layers of printed boards, with regular square metal patterns (square patch 11) and long strip patterns (rectangular patch 12) overlaid on the front and back respectively, which are integrated with the planar antenna through foam bonding , to achieve ultra-wide-angle scanning characteristics.

The patch antenna in this embodiment is suitable for X-band signals. Multiple patch units are periodically arranged on the patch antenna, and the distances between the multiple patch units are equal, and the value of the distance is 0.4λ, where , λ is the operating wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the patch antenna.

The patch unit includes an FSS structure unit and an octagonal patch unit arranged in sequence up and down. Through the FSS structure unit, a good match between the patch antenna and the free space is achieved when scanning at a large angle. The overall thickness of the FSS structural unit is 0.25λ to 0.35λ.

The entire patch unit in the patch antenna is formed by lamination of printed boards and integrated with the FSS structure through foam support. The unit profile is low and suitable for integrated design. At the same time, mature printed board processing technology can achieve good unit consistency.

The main performance indicators realized by the patch antenna in this embodiment are:

Working frequency: 8～12GHz (relative bandwidth 40%);

Scanning range: ±85° (8.5～10.5GHz range);

Standing wave characteristics: the standing wave of full airspace scanning is less than 2.7.

The above antenna model is tested, and the obtained test results are shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.

As shown in Figure 4, the broadband normal standing wave curve of the present embodiment, the abscissa in the figure represents the working frequency, the ordinate represents the standing wave (VSWR), and the test curve shows that: the patch antenna is not in the scanning state (ie normal state) as a function of frequency. It can be seen that the working bandwidth of the normal standing wave covers 8GHz to 12GHz, and the bandwidth is more than 40%, that is, the ratio of the absolute bandwidth to the center frequency.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the scanning standing wave curve of the present embodiment, in which the abscissa represents the frequency, and the ordinate represents the scanning standing wave (VSWR) at each angle, wherein the curve 501 is the scanning standing wave with the E-plane scanning angle of 60° Wave curve, curve 502 is the scanning standing wave curve with the scanning angle of the H plane at 60°, curve 503 is the scanning standing wave curve with the scanning angle of the E plane at 85°, and curve 504 is the scanning standing wave curve with the scanning angle of the H plane at 45° .

The multiple test curves respectively represent the return loss at different scanning angles along the two main sections. The patch antenna in this embodiment is mainly optimized for ultra-wide angle scanning at 8.5-10.5 GHz. According to the scanning standing wave results, it can be seen that the ultra-wide angle scanning matching of ±85° can be effectively achieved.

The technical solutions of the present application are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present application proposes an ultra-wide-angle scanning octagonal patch antenna based on an FSS structure, on which a plurality of patch units are periodically arranged, and the patch units include The FSS structural unit and the octagonal patch unit are arranged up and down in sequence, and the octagonal patch unit includes: a two-layer printed board antenna layer and a metal base plate. Two octagonal patches are arranged on the board antenna layer; one end of the ground metallization row hole is located in the middle of the metal printed board, and the other end is located on the metal base plate to change the mutual coupling phase between adjacent patch units; The electrical metallized via is located in the middle of the left side of the metal printed board and feeds the connected octagonal patch; the short-circuited metallized via is located to the left of the feed metallized via and feeds the connected octagonal patch and the The metal base plate is shorted. Through the technical solutions in the present application, a patch antenna with ultra-wide angle scanning characteristics is realized, the wide bandwidth angle scanning characteristics are good, and the profile is low.

The steps in this application can be adjusted, combined and deleted in sequence according to actual needs.

The units in the device of the present application can be combined, divided and deleted according to actual needs.

Although the present application has been disclosed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the application of the present application. The protection scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims, and may include various modifications, alterations and equivalent solutions for the invention without departing from the protection scope and spirit of the present application.

Claims (9)

1. an ultra-wide-angle scanning octagonal patch antenna based on FSS structure, is characterized in that, on the described patch antenna, a plurality of patch units are periodically arranged, and the patch unit comprises the FSS that is arranged sequentially up and down A structural unit and an octagonal patch unit, the octagonal patch unit includes: a printed board antenna layer, a ground metallized row hole, a feeding metallized through hole, a short-circuit metallized through hole and a metal base plate; The two-layer printed board antenna layer and the metal base plate are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the lower printed board antenna layer is provided with a metal printed board at the right edge, and the upper printed board antenna layer is provided with two octagonal patches , and is located on the left side of the metal printed board; One end of the ground metallization row hole is located in the middle of the metal printed board, the other end of the ground metallization row hole is located on the metal base plate, and the ground metallization row hole is used to change the adjacent The mutual coupling phase between the patch units; The feeding metallization through hole is located in the middle position of the left side of the metal printed board, the feeding metallization through hole is connected to the first octagonal patch and the metal base plate, and the feeding metallization through hole is a hole for feeding the first octagonal patch; The short-circuit metallization through hole is located on the left side of the feed metallization through hole, the short-circuit metallization through hole is connected to the second octagonal patch and the metal base plate, and the short-circuit metallization through hole is used for The second octagonal patch and the metal base plate are short-circuited. 2. The ultra-wide-angle scanning octagonal patch antenna based on the FSS structure according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the feed metallization through hole is equal to the diameter of the short-circuit metallization through hole, and the The center-to-center distance between the feed metallization through hole and the short-circuit metallization through hole is 0.04λ to 0.06λ, where λ is the operating wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the patch antenna. 3. the ultra-wide-angle scanning octagonal patch antenna based on FSS structure as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described octagonal patch is regular octagon, and the circumscribed circle diameter of described octagonal patch is 0.14λ to 0.18λ, the feed position gap between the first octagonal patch and the second octagonal patch is 0.01λ. 4. The ultra-wide-angle scanning octagonal patch antenna based on the FSS structure according to claim 2, wherein the gap between two adjacent rows of holes in the ground metallization row holes is 0.025λ to 0.03 λ. 5. The ultra-wide-angle scanning octagonal patch antenna based on the FSS structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the metal base plate further comprises an anti-short-circuit through hole, and the anti-short-circuit through hole is The hole is located outside the feeding metallized through hole, and the octagonal patch unit further includes: an electrical connector; The electrical connector is installed in the short-circuit proof through hole, and the probe of the electrical connector extends into and is welded into the feeding metallized through hole. 6. The ultra-wide-angle scanning octagonal patch antenna based on the FSS structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spacing between a plurality of the patch units is equal, and the value of the spacing is 0.4λ, wherein, Wherein, λ is the working wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the patch antenna. 7. the ultra-wide-angle scanning octagonal patch antenna based on FSS structure as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, FSS structural unit is a laminated structure, comprises successively upper layer FSS printed board layer, middle layer support foam layer, middle layer FSS The printed board layer and the lower support foam layer, the upper FSS printed board layer and the middle FSS printed board layer are symmetrical structures, the upper FSS printed board layer is printed with a square patch, the A rectangular patch is printed under the upper FSS printed board layer. 8. The ultra-wide-angle scanning octagonal patch antenna based on the FSS structure of claim 7, wherein the side length of the square patch is 0.1λ to 0.14λ, and the number of the square patch is Four, the centerline spacing of two adjacent square patches is 1/2 of the spacing between the patch units. 9. The ultra-wide-angle scanning octagonal patch antenna based on the FSS structure of claim 7, wherein the number of the rectangular patches is three, and the rectangular patches are equally spaced from left to right , the distance between two adjacent rectangular patches is 1/3 of the distance between the patch units.

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